Page
last modified 18 August 2023
228) Ukraine
Community
Area square kilometres
445,000 (1938)
603,550 (2010) (land area 579,330 square kilometres).
Crimea
In 1954 the Crimea, 27,000 square kilometres, was transferred from Russia to Ukraine. In 1991 a referendum in the Crimea favoured independence from Ukraine. The independence process was, however, halted by the collapse of the Soviet Union. In 2014, as pro-Russian rebels occupied eastern border areas of Ukraine, Russia took control of the Crimea from Ukraine.
Population,
30,960,221 (1939)
36,750,000 (1950)
42,660,000 (1960)
47,090,000 (1970)
49,965,000 (1980)
51,890,000 (1990)
49,175,000 (2000)
45,870,000 (2010)
45,155,000 (2015)
44,622,000 (2018)
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Belarus |
Bulgaria |
Jewish |
Moldova |
Polish |
Russian |
Ukrainian |
|
1939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
69,0 |
|
1959 |
|
|
|
|
|
17.0 |
77.0 |
|
1975 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
1.6 |
|
0.6 |
21.1 |
76.3 |
|
1995 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
22.0 |
73.0 |
|
2009 |
0.5 |
|
|
0.5 |
|
17.3 |
78.1 |
|
2013 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
17.4 |
80.5 |
Religion, %
|
|
Christian Greek Ca. |
Christian Protestant |
Christian R C |
Christian Ukraine Orthodox |
Hindu |
Islam |
Jewish |
|
2006 |
8.0 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
84.0 |
|
|
0.6 |
|
2016 |
6.5 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
65.4 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1960 |
2.2 |
21.0 (+12.3) |
|
8.7 |
27.3 |
7.1 |
46.8 |
|
1970 |
2.1 |
15.1 (+6.3) |
29.0 |
8.8 |
24.4 |
9.3 |
54.8 |
|
1980 |
2.0 |
15.1 (+3.7) |
22.6 |
11.4 |
21.5 |
11.8 |
61.7 |
|
1990 |
1.8 |
12.7 (-0.6) |
17.0 |
12.1 |
21.2 |
12.0 |
66.8 |
|
2000 |
1.1 |
7.8 (-7.5) |
16.0 |
15.3 |
17.1 |
13.8 |
67.1 |
|
2010 |
1.4 |
10.8 (-4.3) |
10.1 |
15.2 |
14.1 |
15.7 |
68.7 |
|
2015 |
1.5 |
10.7 (-4.2) |
8.1 |
14.9 |
15.1 |
15.9 |
69.7 |
|
2016 |
|
|
7.9 |
|
15.2 |
16.2 |
69.9 |
|
2017 |
1.4 |
9.4 (-5.1) |
7.7 |
14.5 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
7.5 |
|
15.8 |
16.4 |
|
Life expectancy,
68.3 (1960); 65.6 (M), 71.1 (F)
70.2 (1970); 66.4 (M), 74.2 (F)
68.8 (1980); 64.1 (M), 73.7 (F)
70.1 (1990); 65.6 (M), 74.9 (F)
67.9 (2000); 62.4 (M), 73.6 (F)
70.3 (2010); 65.3 (M), 75.5 (F)
71.2 (2015); 66.4 (M), 76.3 (F)
72.1 (2020); 67.1 (M), 76.9 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Dnipro (-petrovsk) |
Donetsk1 |
Kharkiv2 |
|
1660 |
|
|
1 |
|
1800 |
|
|
15 |
|
1850 |
|
|
42 |
|
1880 |
115 |
25 |
|
|
1900 |
|
|
198 |
|
1926 |
|
106 |
417 |
|
1939 |
501 |
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
730 |
|
1960 |
|
715 |
935 |
|
1990 |
1,187 |
1,117 |
1,618 |
|
2001 |
1,064 |
1,016 |
1,470 |
|
2004 |
|
1,566 MA |
1,431 |
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
2015 |
1,460 MA |
2,010 MA |
1,723 MA |
1In 1871 a Welsh
industrialist, John Hughes, set up a steel plant in what is now Donetsk; the town that grew around it
was originally named Yuzkova after him.� It was renamed Stalino
in 1924, and called Donetsk from 1961.
2Kharkiv was founded by the Cossacks as Kharikov, in 1654.� Kharkiv industrialised after 1870 as the nearby Donbass coalfield and Krivoi Rog iron ore mines were developed.
Population of principal cities, 1000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
KIEV3 |
Lviv4 |
Odessa5 |
Sevastopol6 |
|
Ca.1100 |
100 |
|
|
|
|
1405 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
1544 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
1647 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
1666 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
1763 |
42 |
|
|
|
|
1797 |
19 |
|
|
|
|
1835 |
37 |
66 |
|
|
|
1860 |
61 |
|
118 |
40 |
|
1871 |
80 |
|
|
|
|
1900 |
249 |
160 |
405 |
51 |
|
1914 |
350 |
|
|
|
|
1941 |
800 |
500 |
|
|
|
1943 |
200 |
149 |
|
|
|
1950 |
849 |
|
568 |
103 |
|
1970 |
1,632 |
|
800 |
229 |
|
1990 |
2,640 |
798 |
1,100 |
|
|
2001 |
2,611 |
732 |
1,029 |
341 |
|
2010 |
2,800 |
|
|
|
|
2015 |
3,375 MA |
725 |
1,017 |
400 |
3Kiev was founded
by Vikings in the 5th century.�
Settled in the 7th century AD by Slavonic tribes, Kiev became
an important commercial centre in the 9th century due to trade with
the Vikings.� In the early 12th
century it was reputed to be one of the world�s largest cities, but was
subsequently sacked by the Mongols. Possession of the city was also
subsequently disputed between Poland and Russia. Russia took control of Kiev in
1667; more recent commercial expansion followed the arrival of the railways in
the 19th century.� Following
the Russian Revolution of 1917, Kiev was chosen as the capital of the Ukraine,
although from 1920 to 1934 Kharkiv was the
capital.� Under German occupation,
1941-43, Kiev�s population was greatly reduced; 50,000 Jews were massacred.
4Lviv was founded as a fortress town in 1250 AD by Prince Lev, Lviv became an important trading centre by the 15th century.
5The Greeks founded the
city of Odessos
here; later the site was inhabited by the Turks, and in 1792 Russia took
control of the area.�
6The ancient Greek
colony of Chersonesus Heracleotica
existed close to Sevastopol; in the
16th century the Tatars founded the village of Akhtiar
here.� This village was captured by the
Russians in 1763, and developed as a naval base; it was then renamed as Sevastopol.�
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1990 |
81,450 |
1.40 |
1,570 |
6.55 |
|
1995 |
48,200 |
0.65 |
936 |
3.11 |
|
2000 |
30,350 |
0.30 |
632 |
1.73 |
|
2005 |
81,700 |
0.62 |
1,830 |
4.13 |
|
2010 |
136,000 |
0.91 |
2,965 |
6.13 |
|
2015 |
91,030 |
0.50 |
2,125 |
3.78 |
|
2016 |
93,270 |
0.50 |
2,185 |
3.80 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1993 |
|
21.8 |
|
30.9 |
|
|
|
1996 |
13.0 |
24.0 |
34.4 |
32.0 |
51.2 |
44.0 |
|
2010 |
9.3 |
15.8 |
34.7 |
18.5 |
56.1 |
65.7 |
|
2014 |
|
5.8 |
|
26.5 |
|
67.8 |
|
2016 |
13.8 |
|
27.3 |
|
59.5 |
|
Communications
Language, % Official; Ukrainian.� Russian also spoken.� The 1996 constitution made Ukrainian the sole official language.
|
|
Belarusian |
Polish |
Romanian |
Russian |
Ukrainian |
|
1990 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
22.0 |
74.0 |
|
2000 |
|
|
|
29.6 |
67.5 |
Literacy
30.0% (1917)
98.8% (1995); 98.2% (M), 99.3% (F)
99.6% (2000); 99.8% (M), 99.5% (F)
99.7% (2010); 99.8% (M), 99.6% (F)
99.8% (2015); 99.8% (M), 99.7% (F)
Physical communications � roads and railways
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
Railways % electrified |
|
1959 |
43,900 |
|
|
|
|
20,800 |
|
|
1970 |
85,000 |
|
|
|
|
22,050 |
|
|
1975 |
112,850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
|
|
|
|
|
22,400 |
|
|
1990 |
|
|
|
|
|
22,700 |
37.1 |
|
1997 |
164,097 |
|
|
4,900,000 |
|
|
|
|
2000 |
169,491 |
|
|
5,250,129 |
|
22,302 |
41.1 |
|
2010 |
169,520 |
|
8,128,000 |
5,399,967 |
|
21,684 |
|
|
2012 |
169,694 |
166,095 |
8,907,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
21,733 |
42.6 |
Urban metro systems, kilometres (year opened)
|
|
Dnipro (1995) |
Kharkiv (1975) |
Kiev (1960) |
|
2010 |
7.1 |
35.4 |
59.9 |
|
2015 |
7.1 |
38.1 |
69.6 |
Electronic communications, TV broadcasting began 1951 (a trial TV broadcast took place in February 1939).
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1975 |
2,800,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
7,028,000 |
|
41,000,000 |
16,950,000 |
100,000 |
|
|
1993 |
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
14,000 |
44,300,000 |
17,550,000 |
430,000 |
1,500 |
|
1997 |
|
|
45,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
2000 |
10,417,000 |
818,500 |
|
22,000,000 |
890,000 |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
900,000 |
|
2005 |
|
17,200,000 |
|
|
1,810,000 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,000,000 |
|
2010 |
12,941,000 |
|
|
|
|
12,000,000 |
|
2016 |
8,451,229 |
56,720,000 |
|
|
|
23,200,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
23,305,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Ukraine,
3,716,000 (1995)
6,431,000 (2000)
17,631,000 (2005)
25,449,000 (2008)
21,203,000 (2010)
24,671,000 92013)
12,428,000 (2015)
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