Page
last modified 21 August 2023
Tanzania (formerly Tangynika,
Zanzibar and Pemba)
Community
Area 947,307 square kilometres (land area 885,800 square kilometres)
Population,
5,138,000 (1920)
5,650,000 (1945)
8,000,000 (1950)
10,052,000 (1960)
13,535,000 (1970)
18,538,000 (1980)
25,204,000 (1990)
33,499,000 (2000)
44,364,000 (2010)
51,483,000 (2015)
56,318,000 (2018)
�The indigenous population of German East Africa (Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi) decreased from 7.7 million to 4.1 million between 1913 and 1921 due to illness and hunger.
Ethnicity
1960, 98.6% African; 2000, 99.0% African.
Religion, %
|
|
Animist |
Christian R C |
Muslim Sunni |
|
1990 |
40.0 |
12.0 |
33.0 |
|
2009 |
|
|
30.2 |
|
2014 |
1.8 |
61.4 (all) |
35.2 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
1950 |
|
49.0 (+22.0) |
160.0 |
27.0 |
46.7 |
|
4.0 |
|
1960 |
6.8 |
52.0 (+31.0) |
143.5 |
20.5 |
45.8 |
2.4 |
5.2 |
|
1970 |
6.8 |
51.0 (+328) |
127.0 |
18.2 |
46.2 |
2.5 |
7.9 |
|
1980 |
6.7 |
47.0 (+31.5) |
108.0 |
15.5 |
46.3 |
2.6 |
14.6 |
|
1990 |
6.2 |
44.0 (+29.0) |
107.0 |
15.0 |
45.7 |
2.7 |
18.9 |
|
2000 |
5.7 |
42.0 (+28.5) |
81.0 |
13.5 |
44.8 |
2.6 |
22.3 |
|
2010 |
5.4 |
41.0 (+32.4) |
48.0 |
8.6 |
44.9 |
2.5 |
28.1 |
|
2015 |
5.1 |
38.6 (+31.6) |
41.5 |
7.0 |
44.7 |
2.5 |
31.6 |
|
2016 |
|
|
40.3 |
|
|
|
32.3 |
|
2017 |
5.0 |
37.1 (+30.6) |
38.8 |
6.5 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
37.6 |
|
44.1 |
2.6 |
|
Life expectancy,
37.0 (1952)
43.7 (1960); 42.0 (M), 45.4 (F)
46.7 (1970); 45.0 (M), 48.4 (F)
50.4 (1980); 48.7 (M), 52.1 (F)
50.2 (1990); 48.0 (M), 52.4 (F)
51.5 (2000); 49.6 (M), 53.4 (F)
60.9 (2010); 59.2 (M), 62.5 (F)
64.9 (2015); 63.1 (M), 66.8 (F)
65.4 (2020); 63.6 (M), 67.2 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1000s
|
|
Dar es Salaam1 |
DODOMA2 |
Mwanza |
Tanga |
Zanzibar Town |
|
1870 |
1 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
1900 |
18 (8.2%) |
|
|
|
|
|
1910 |
24 |
|
|
6 |
35 |
|
1920 |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
1925 |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
1948 |
69 (32.2%) |
1.9 |
2.4 |
5.6 |
47 |
|
1957 |
93 (32.1%) |
|
|
|
|
|
1960 |
148 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
1970 |
350 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
1978 |
757 |
46 |
111 |
103 |
111 |
|
1988 |
1,361 |
209 |
172 |
188 |
158 |
|
2002 |
2,336 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
2,498 |
1,699 MA |
210 |
|
|
|
2012 |
4,365 MA |
411 |
707 |
273 |
206 |
1A small fishing port; developed by the Germans in 1885. The % figures are of Asian population; the rest is almost all African, ca 1% European.
2Designated the capital city in 1974, replacing Dar Es Salaam.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1965 |
656 |
0.09 |
75 |
1.96 |
|
1970 |
1,400 |
0.13 |
105 |
2.00 |
|
1975 |
2,810 |
0.17 |
182 |
2.33 |
|
1980 |
5,570 |
0.20 |
300 |
2.38 |
|
1985 |
6,430 |
0.15 |
296 |
1.62 |
|
1990 |
4,790 |
0.08 |
181 |
0.76 |
|
1995 |
5,630 |
0.08 |
193 |
0.64 |
|
2000 |
9,070 |
0.09 |
307 |
0.84 |
|
2005 |
17,000 |
0.13 |
442 |
1.00 |
|
2010 |
31,400 |
0.21 |
700 |
1.45 |
|
2015 |
45,600 |
0.25 |
872 |
1.55 |
|
2016 |
47,400 |
0.26 |
880 |
1.53 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
89.0 |
|
4.0 |
|
7.0 |
|
1980 |
51.0 |
83.0 |
8.0 |
6.0 |
40.0 |
10.0 |
|
1990 |
53.0 |
85.0 |
10.0 |
5.0 |
45.0 |
10.0 |
|
2000 |
45.0 |
80.0 |
14.9 |
|
39.4 |
|
|
2010 |
27.8 |
|
24.2 |
|
48.0 |
|
|
2016 |
24.5 |
66.9 |
27.6 |
6.4 |
47.3 |
26.6 |
Communications
Language, Official, English and Swahili
Swahili, 8.8% (MT), 91.0% spoken
Literacy
10.0% (1960)
30.0% (1970)
56.2% (1985)
67.8% (1995); 79.4% (M), 56.8% (F)
69.4% (2000); 77.5% (M), 62.2% (F)
72.3% (2010); 79.0% (M), 65.9% (F)
77.9% (2015); 83.2% (M), 73.1% (F)
Physical communications � roads and railways,
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railway (km) |
|
1956 |
|
|
31,500 |
|
|
|
|
1962 |
34,000 |
|
|
25,000 |
9,000 |
2,600 |
|
1964 |
|
|
43,000 |
|
|
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,782 |
|
1983 |
|
|
|
43,242 |
11,290 |
|
|
1985 |
50,000 |
3,000 |
90,000 |
48,752 |
31,390 |
3,369 |
|
1988 |
82,000 |
|
|
|
|
3,569 |
|
2000 |
88,200 |
3,700 |
|
|
|
3,690 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
73,500 |
63,000 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
160,000 |
80,900 |
|
|
|
2010 |
91,050 |
7,092 |
330,000 |
|
|
3,690 |
|
2013 |
|
|
360,000 |
|
|
|
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1973
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1950 |
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
|
23,100 |
|
|
|
|
1962 |
16,238 |
|
34,000 |
|
|
|
|
1968 |
29,202 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
39,770 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 |
|
|
2,000,000 |
9,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
73,011 |
|
5,000,000 |
40,000 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
374 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
3,500 |
8,300,000 |
70,000 |
|
|
|
1997 |
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
2000 |
173,600 |
110,500 |
9,100,000 |
|
100,000 |
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
2004 |
|
1,942,000 |
|
|
278,000 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
365,000 |
|
|
2008 |
|
13,006,800 |
|
|
|
520,000 |
|
2010 |
174,500 |
20,984,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
4,930,000 |
|
2012 |
161,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
129,597 |
40,044,000 |
|
|
|
6,823,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,394,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Tanzania,
Wildlife tourism was being developed in the 1960s and 70s.
54,000 (1968)
66,000 (1969)
148,400 (1978)
153,000 (1990)
285,000 (1995)
459,000 (2000)
590,000 (2005)
754,000 (2010)
1,104,000 (2015)