Page last modified 18 August 2023
Portugal
Community
Area 92,090 square kilometres (land area 91,470 square kilometres)
Population, 800,000 Portuguese settlers from Portugal�s newly independent colonies returned to Portugal �in the mid-1970s.
3,487,000 (1850)
3,693,362 (1861)
4,160,315 (1874)
4,708,178 (1881)
4,660,095 (1890)
5,428,659 (1900)
6,825,883 (1930)
7,755,423 (1940) +13.6%
8,510,240 (1950) +9.7%
8,890,000 (1960) +4.5%
8,700,000 (1970) -2.1%
9,770,000 (1980) +12.3%
9,983,000 (1990) +2.2%
10,300,000 (2000) +3.2%
10,573,000 (2010) +2.7%
10,306,000 (2020) -2.5%
Ethnicity and Religion, %
|
|
Portuguese |
Spanish |
Christian Other |
Christian R C |
Jewish |
No Religion |
|
1940 |
99.6 |
0.2 |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
98.0 |
|
|
|
1990 |
98.8 |
|
|
94.0 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
84.5 |
|
3.9 |
|
2011 |
96.3 |
|
3.3 |
81.0 |
|
6.8 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.7 |
|
1900 |
|
|
|
|
33.8 |
|
12.7 |
|
1912 |
|
35.1 (+14.4) |
|
20.7 |
|
|
|
|
1930 |
3.0 |
29.0 (+12.1) |
|
16.9 |
|
|
|
|
1940 |
2.6 |
24.6 (+9.0) |
|
15.6 |
|
|
27.4 |
|
1950 |
2.0 |
24.0 (+12.0) |
91.0 |
12.0 |
29.4 |
7.0 |
31.2 |
|
1960 |
3.2 |
24.1 (+13.4) |
84.5 |
10.7 |
29.3 |
8.0 |
35.0 |
|
1970 |
3.0 |
20.8 (+10.1) |
55.5 |
10.7 |
28.7 |
9.7 |
38.8 |
|
1980 |
2.3 |
16.0 (+6.3) |
23.0 |
9.7 |
25.8 |
11.5 |
42.8 |
|
1990 |
1.6 |
12.7 (+2.4) |
11.5 |
10.3 |
20.5 |
13.7 |
47.9 |
|
2000 |
1.6 |
11.8 (+1.6) |
5.5 |
10.2 |
16.0 |
16.3 |
54.4 |
|
2010 |
1.4 |
9.6 (-0.4) |
3.1 |
10.0 |
15.0 |
18.7 |
60.6 |
|
2015 |
1.3 |
8.3 (-2.2) |
3.0 |
10.5 |
14.1 |
20.7 |
63.5 |
|
2017 |
1.4 |
8.4 (-2.2) |
3.1 |
10.6 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
3.1 |
|
13.5 |
22.0 |
65.2 |
Life expectancy,
59.3 (1950); 57.0 (M), 62.0 (F)
62.8 (1960); 60.1 (M), 65.7 (F)
67.1 (1970); 64.0 (M), 70.3 (F)
71.2 (1980); 67.8 (M), 74.8 (F)
74.0 (1990); 70.6 (M), 77.5 (F)
76.3 (2000); 72.9 (M), 79.9 (F)
79.0 (2010); 76.1 (M), 82.1 (F)
82.1 (2020); 79.1 (M), 84.9 (F)
Population of principal cities,
|
|
LISBON |
MA |
Oporto1 |
MA |
|
43 AD |
30,000 |
|
|
|
|
900 |
100,000 |
|
|
|
|
1550 |
200,000 |
|
|
|
|
1600 |
150,000 |
|
|
|
|
1720 |
185,000 |
|
|
|
|
1750 |
213,000 |
|
|
|
|
1850 |
275,300 |
|
|
|
|
1860 |
|
|
105,838 |
|
|
1878 |
|
|
105,838 |
|
|
1890 |
301,206 |
|
139,856 |
|
|
1900 |
357,000 |
|
172,421 |
|
|
1940 |
709,179 |
|
262,309 |
|
|
1950 |
790,434 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
802,230 |
1,030,141 |
303,424 |
683,170 |
|
1970 |
796,044 |
1,300,000 |
306,176 |
800,000 |
|
1981 |
817,627 |
|
330,800 |
|
|
2001 |
|
2,683,000 |
|
1,261,000 |
|
2009 |
564,657 |
2,888,000 |
|
|
|
2011 |
545,245 |
2,821,876 |
|
2,400,000 |
1Founded in Roman times as Portus Cale, Oporto gave its name to the country of Portugal in the 12th century.� Port wine exports to England grew rapidly from the eighteenth century.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1956 |
1,680 |
0.47 |
|
|
|
1960 |
3,193 |
0.59 |
360 |
11.97 |
|
1965 |
4,687 |
0.63 |
520 |
13.58 |
|
1970 |
7,140 |
0.69 |
935 |
17.82 |
|
1975 |
16.810 |
0.00 |
2,125 |
27.17 |
|
1980 |
29,420 |
1.05 |
3,300 |
26.19 |
|
1985 |
24,190 |
0.57 |
2,700 |
14.78 |
|
1990 |
69,130 |
1.19 |
7,800 |
32.56 |
|
1995 |
107.090 |
0.00 |
11,780 |
39.18 |
|
2000 |
105,060 |
1.05 |
11,500 |
31.55 |
|
2005 |
173,100 |
1.32 |
18,780 |
42.39 |
|
2010 |
229,300 |
1.53 |
22,540 |
46.60 |
|
2015 |
199,000 |
1.10 |
19,220 |
34.20 |
|
2016 |
204,550 |
1.10 |
19,810 |
34.47 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1900 |
|
66.0 |
|
21.0 |
|
13.0 |
|
1930 |
|
48.0 |
|
17.0 |
|
35.0 |
|
1960 |
|
44.0 |
|
29.0 |
|
27.0 |
|
1970 |
25.0 |
40.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
|
28.0 |
|
35.0 |
|
37.0 |
|
1990 |
8.0 |
18.0 |
39.0 |
34.0 |
53.0 |
48.0 |
|
2000 |
4.0 |
12.0 |
35.2 |
30.0 |
60.9 |
60.0 |
|
2010 |
2.6 |
11.7 |
23.0 |
28.5 |
74.5 |
59.8 |
|
2014 |
|
8.6 |
|
23.9 |
|
67.5 |
|
2016 |
2.3 |
|
22.4 |
|
75.4 |
|
Communications
Language Official, Portuguese
Portuguese, 100% (1990)
Literacy
21.4% (1900)
50.0% (1940)
62.0% (1960)
70.0% (1970)
78.0% (1980)
84.5% (1985); 89.0% (M), 80.0% (F)
89.6% (1995); 92.5% (M), 87.0% (F)
92.5% (2000); 95.0% (M), 90.3% (F)
94.9% (2010); 96.7% (M), 93.3% (F)
95.7% (2015); 97.1% (M), 94.4% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1944 |
|
|
|
47,469 |
|
|
1945 |
25,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
1947 |
|
|
|
41,600 |
16,320 |
|
1950 |
|
|
|
65,000 |
24,000 |
|
1954 |
|
|
123,000 |
87,100 |
|
|
1958 |
28,778 |
|
220,000 |
|
|
|
1961 |
|
|
|
157,700 |
51,391 |
|
1968 |
29,886 |
|
600,668 |
|
|
|
1978 |
33,634 |
|
1,522,653 |
|
|
|
1988 |
60,000 |
|
2,850,000 |
1,427,000 |
517,300 |
|
1992 |
66,020 |
|
|
3,050,000 |
|
|
1997 |
67,000 |
|
5,500,000 |
3,080,412 |
|
|
2008 |
82,900 |
71,294 |
5,757,000 |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
5,833,000 |
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
6,057,000 |
|
|
Railways; first railway opened in 1856; Lisbon to Carregado, 39 km.
|
|
Length (km) |
% electrified |
|
1860 |
68 |
|
|
1870 |
760 |
|
|
1880 |
1,236 |
|
|
1890 |
2,150 |
|
|
1900 |
2,397 |
|
|
1910 |
2,991 |
|
|
1920 |
3,286 |
|
|
1930 |
3,420 |
|
|
1940 |
3,568 |
|
|
1950 |
3,670 |
|
|
1960 |
3,597 |
|
|
1970 |
3,590 |
|
|
1980 |
3,588 |
|
|
1990 |
3,250 |
14.2 |
|
2000 |
3,580 |
|
|
2014 |
3,075 |
53.1 |
Urban metro systems, kilometres
Lisbon, (opened 1959)
19.0 (1992)
37.7 (2010)
44.2 (2015)
Oporto, (opened 2002)
67.0 (2015)
Electronic communications, TV began 1957 (colour from 1980).
|
|
Telephones 1,000s |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios 1,000s |
Televisions 1,000s |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1938 |
71 |
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
1941 |
83 |
|
114 |
|
|
|
|
1947 |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
152 |
|
228 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
375 |
|
848 |
|
|
|
|
1961 |
|
|
902 |
68 |
|
|
|
1962 |
427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 |
750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 |
|
|
1,511 |
722 |
|
|
|
1980 |
990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 |
|
|
|
|
140,000 |
|
|
1989 |
|
2,782 |
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
2,380 |
6,500 |
2,240 |
2,950 |
260,000 |
|
|
1995 |
|
341,000 |
2,400 |
3,200 |
550,000 |
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
188,000 |
|
2000 |
4,321 |
6,665,000 |
3,080 |
4,150 |
1,050,000 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
1,402,000 |
3,000,000 |
|
2005 |
|
11,447,700 |
|
|
1,600,000 |
3,500,000 |
|
2010 |
4,485 |
|
|
|
|
5,300,000 |
|
2016 |
4,788 |
11,572,000 |
|
|
|
7,630,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Portugal,
1,900,000 (1966)
2,500,000 (1967)
2,500,000 (1968)
7,277,000 (1981)
8,020,000 (1990)
4,572,000 (1995)
5,599,000 (2000)
5,769,000 (2005)
6,756,000 (2010)
9,957,000 (2015)
3,186,000 (2010)
3,542,000 (2015)