Page last modified 16 August 2023
158) Mozambique
Community
Area 799,380 square kilometres (land area 786,380 square kilometres)
Population,
3,100,000 (1900)
5,085,630 (1940)
6,250,000 (1950) +22.9%
7,390,000 (1960) +18.2%����
9.,160,000
(1970) +24.0%
11,850,000 (1980) +29.4%
13,250,000 (1990) +11.8%
18,100,000 (2000) +36.6%
23,500,000 (2010) +29.8%
31,250,000 (2020) +33.0%
Ethnicity
African,
98.9% (1940)
99.7% (2011)
Religion, %
|
|
Animist |
Christian |
Muslim Sunni |
None |
|
1970 |
80.0 |
11.0 |
9.0 |
|
|
1980 |
65,6 |
25.0 |
10.0 |
|
|
1990 |
60.0 |
|
15.0 |
|
|
1997 |
|
23.8 |
17.8 |
23.1 |
|
2000 |
55.0 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
22.8 |
|
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1952 |
|
46.0 (+16.0) |
205.0 |
30.0 |
41.2 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
|
1962 |
6.9 |
47.0 (+19.0) |
180.0 |
28.0 |
43.5 |
2.8 |
5.1 |
|
1972 |
6.8 |
46.0 (+22.2) |
180.5 |
23.8 |
44.2 |
2.9 |
7.9 |
|
1980 |
6.5 |
47.0 (+24.8) |
175.7 |
22.2 |
44.8 |
2.9 |
13.1 |
|
1990 |
6.2 |
45.0 (+23.9) |
160.6 |
21.1 |
47.2 |
3.1 |
25.0 |
|
2000 |
5.8 |
45.0 (+28.5) |
113.4 |
16.5 |
45.0 |
3.1 |
29.1 |
|
2010 |
5.4 |
41.5 (+29.5) |
72.3 |
12.0 |
45.7 |
3.1 |
31.0 |
|
2015 |
5.1 |
39.4 (+29.0) |
59.3 |
10.4 |
45.2 |
3.1 |
32.2 |
|
2017 |
4.9 |
37.9 (+28.1) |
55.5 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
54.0 |
|
44.7 |
|
36.0 |
Life expectancy,
37.4 (1952)
35.0 (1960); 33.7 (M), 36.4 (F)
39.2 (1970): 37.7 (M), 40.8 (F)
41.9 (1980); 40.4 (M), 43.5 (F)
42.8 (1990); 41.2 (M), 44.5 (F)
48.3 (2000); 45.6 (M), 50.0 (F)
54.6 (2010); 52.7 (M), 56.6 (F)
60.9 (2020); 57.8 (M), 63.7 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s
|
|
Beira1 |
MAPUTO2 |
Matola3 |
Nampula4 |
|
1900 |
2 |
|
|
6 |
|
1940 |
25 |
68 |
|
3 |
|
1960 |
|
178 |
|
|
|
1970 |
114 |
355 |
|
126 |
|
1980 |
231 |
786 |
|
|
|
1991 |
294 |
|
|
233 |
|
1993 |
|
|
|
|
|
1997 |
436 |
989 |
441 |
315 |
|
2007 |
439 |
1,095 |
675 |
478 |
|
2009 |
|
1,589 |
761 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
893 |
|
1Beira (formerly Sofala) was founded in 1891 as the headquarters of the Mozambique Trading Company of Portugal, on the site of an Arab village.
2Maputo (formerly Lourenco Marques) was founded in 1850; and became important after the railway from Johannesburg was completed in 1895.� Maputo became the capital of Mozambique in 1907.
3Formerly Vila Salazar.
4Nampula, (formerly Mocambique),
was founded 1508 as a Portuguese fort-town. Capital of Mozambique until 1907.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1958 |
253 |
0.07 |
|
|
|
1966 |
|
|
100 |
2.41 |
|
1970 |
2,360 |
0.23 |
267 |
5.09 |
|
1975 |
3,740 |
0.23 |
374 |
4.78 |
|
1980 |
3,480 |
0.12 |
286 |
2.27 |
|
1985 |
4,740 |
0.11 |
340 |
1.86 |
|
1990 |
2,660 |
0.05 |
187 |
0.78 |
|
1995 |
2,430 |
0.03 |
147 |
0.49 |
|
2000 |
3,880 |
0.04 |
280 |
0.77 |
|
2005 |
6,600 |
0.05 |
370 |
0.84 |
|
2010 |
10,210 |
0.07 |
420 |
0.87 |
|
2015 |
14,800 |
0.08 |
528 |
0.94 |
|
2016 |
11,015 |
0.06 |
382 |
0.66 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
|
|
8.0 |
|
11.0 |
|
1970 |
|
86.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
43.0 |
85.0 |
8.5 |
18.0 |
48.0 |
16.0 |
|
1990 |
55.0 |
85.0 |
20.0 |
7.0 |
25.0 |
8.0 |
|
2000 |
33.0 |
80.0 |
20.8 |
6.0 |
47.0 |
8.0 |
|
2010 |
28.8 |
81.0 |
26.0 |
6.0 |
45.2 |
13.0 |
|
2016 |
24.8 |
|
21.6 |
|
53.6 |
|
Communications
Language, % Official; Portuguese, English also spoken
|
|
Makua-Lomwe |
Malawi |
Portuguese |
|
1990 |
52.0 |
12.0 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
10.7 |
Literacy
8.0% (1960) (under 1% for Africans)
33.2% (1980); 44.4% (M), 22.7% (F)
41.1% (1995); 57.7% (M), 23.3% (F)
45.2% (2000); 61.2% (M), 30.0% (F)
47.8% (2005); 63.5% (M), 32.7% (F)
58.8% (2015), 73.3% (M), 45.4% (F)
Physical communications � roads, Many roads were in a poor condition, or even mined, in the 1990s.� More damage was done by severe floods in 2000.
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1964 |
|
|
54,700 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
|
|
83,841 |
20,215 |
|
1977 |
|
|
|
107,900 |
24,700 |
|
1982 |
26,000 |
4,600 |
|
|
|
|
1986 |
|
|
109,000 |
85,000 |
|
|
1996 |
30,400 |
5,700 |
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
86,500 |
|
|
2008 |
30,231 |
|
213,000 |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
315,000 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
487,000 |
305,286 |
103,564 |
|
2015 |
31,083 |
7,365 |
|
|
|
Railways; First railway opened 1886.� Rail transhipments from Mozambique�s deepwater ports to other African countries have earned considerable sums for the Mozambique economy.� Lourenco Marques was linked by rail to the Transvaal in 1885, and Beira acquired a rail link to Blantyre in Malawi and Bulawayo in Zimbabwe in 1893.
Length, kilometres
86 (1890)
428 (1900)
483 (1910)
745 (1920)
1,336 (1930)
1,811 (1940)
2,210 (1950)
3,100 (1960)
3,696 (1980)
2,983 (1995)
3,100 (2008)
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1974
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1939 |
|
|
2,910 |
|
|
|
|
1945 |
|
|
4,858 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
9,200 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
|
37,000 |
|
|
|
|
1974 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
1975 |
31,100 |
|
125,000 |
|
|
|
|
1977 |
|
|
225,000 |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
33,000 |
|
275,000 |
|
|
|
|
1985 |
|
|
475,000 |
9,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
47,400 |
|
525,000 |
40,000 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
|
660,000 |
60,000 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
1997 |
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,500 |
|
2000 |
85,700 |
51,000 |
778,000 |
210,000 |
60,000 |
30,000 |
|
2001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
112,000 |
|
|
2005 |
|
1,220,000 |
|
400,000 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
613,600 |
|
2010 |
88,100 |
7,224,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
84,310 |
18,405,000 |
|
|
|
4,543,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,170,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Mozambique,
323,000 (2001)
578,000 (2005)
1,718,000 (2010)
1,552,000 (2015)