Page last modified 21 August 2023
Montenegro
Community
Area
8,437 square kilometres (estimated, after Treaty of Berlin 1880)
13,812 square kilometres (land area 13,452 square kilometres) (2020)
Population,
230,000 (1880)
240,000 (1890)
311,600 (1900)
360,044 (1931)
407,000 (1951)
487,400 (1960)
512,400 (1970) +5.1%
572,600 (1980) +11.7%
606,400 (1990) +5.9^%
604,900 (2000) -0.2%
619,400 (2010) +2.4%
621,700 (2020) +0.4%
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Albanian |
Bosniak |
Croat |
Montenegrin |
Serbian |
|
1981 |
6.1 |
|
|
68.5 |
|
|
2003 |
5.0 |
8.0 |
|
43.0 |
32.0 |
|
2011 |
4.9 |
8.1 |
0.5 |
45.0 |
28.7 |
Religion, %
|
|
Christian Orthodox |
Christian R C |
Muslim |
No Religion |
|
1900 |
96.0 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
|
|
1981 |
|
|
13.4 |
|
|
2003 |
74.2 |
3.5 |
17.7 |
1.0 |
|
2011 |
72.1 |
3.4 |
19.1 |
3.3 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1960 |
3.6 |
29.6 (+19.7) |
|
9.9 |
34.8 |
6.2 |
18.8 |
|
1970 |
2.7 |
21.5 (+14.2) |
|
7.3 |
33.0 |
7.2 |
26.9 |
|
1980 |
2.2 |
18.6 (+11.9) |
|
6.7 |
27.3 |
8.1 |
36.8 |
|
1990 |
2.1 |
16.5 (+9.3) |
14.8 |
7.2 |
25.4 |
8.2 |
48.0 |
|
2000 |
1.9 |
14.0 (+4.3) |
12.8 |
9.7 |
21.5 |
11.6 |
58.5 |
|
2010 |
1.8 |
12.6 (+2.6) |
5.8 |
10.0 |
19.2 |
13.0 |
63.1 |
|
2015 |
1.7 |
11.5 (+1.7) |
3.1 |
9.8 |
18.5 |
13.9 |
64.0 |
|
2017 |
1.7 |
11.8 (+1.9) |
2.5 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
2.3 |
|
18.2 |
15.0 |
66.8 |
Life expectancy,
63.7 (1960); 62.5 (M), 65.0 (F)
69.7 (1970); 67.3 (M), 72.4 (F)
72.9 (1980); 69.6 (M), 76.4 (F)
74.4 (1990); 71.3 (M), 77.7 (F)
73.2 (2000); 70.5 (M), 76.0 (F)
75.2 (2010); 72.9 (M), 77.6 (F)
76.9 (2020); 74.5 (M), 79.4 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s
PODGORICA,
(formerly Titograd, named after Josip Tito, President of Yugoslavia)
4,000 (1890)
12,347 (1907)
135,000 (1993)
136.473 (2003)
174,000 (2009)
187,085 (2011)
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
2000 |
984 |
0.01 |
1,627 |
4.46 |
|
2005 |
2,257 |
0.02 |
3,675 |
8.29 |
|
2010 |
4,140 |
0.03 |
6,680 |
13.81 |
|
2015 |
4,020 |
0.02 |
6,460 |
11.49 |
|
2016 |
4,173 |
0.02 |
6,700 |
11.66 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
2005 |
10.0 |
2.0 |
17.6 |
30.0 |
72.4 |
68.0 |
|
2013 |
8.3 |
5.3 |
21.2 |
17.9 |
70.5 |
76.8 |
Communications
Language, % Official;
Montenegrin
|
|
Albanian |
Bosnian |
Montenegrin |
Serbian |
|
2003 |
5.3 |
5.5 |
33.0 |
63.3 |
Literacy
23.0% (1900)
91.0% (1981)
97.7% (2010)
98.7% (2015); 99.5 (M), 98.0 (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
% electrified |
|
2004 |
7,314 |
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
2008 |
7,404 |
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
2010 |
7,762 |
7,141 |
|
266,000 |
|
|
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
280,000 |
|
250 |
67.6 |
|
2015 |
|
|
|
283,000 |
|
|
|
Electronic communications, TV began 1956
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
2009 |
386,900 |
752,000 |
|
|
|
280,000 |
|
2010 |
|
1,170,000 |
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
2012 |
163,000 |
1,126,000 |
|
|
|
373,655 |
|
2016 |
148,015 |
1,040,750 |
|
|
|
450,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Montenegro,
136,000 (2002)
272,000 (2005)
1,088,000 (2010)
1,560,000 (2015)