Page last modified 16 August 2023
Mongolia
Community
Area 1,564,116 square kilometres (land area 1,553,556 square kilometres)
Population,
739,700 (1934)
778,000 (1950)
955,000 (1960) +12.8%
1,280,000 (1970) +34.0%
1,690,000 (1980) +32.0%
2,185,000 (1990) +29.3%
2,395,000 (2000) +9.6%
2,710,000 (2010) +13.2%
3,280,000 (2020) +21.0%
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Chinese |
Kazakh |
Mongolian |
Russian |
|
1934 |
|
|
90.0 |
|
|
1969 |
|
4.3 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
5.3 |
|
|
|
2000 |
2.0 |
5.0 |
94.9 |
2.0 |
|
2009 |
|
4.3 |
90.0 |
|
Religion, %
|
|
Animist |
Buddhist (Lamaist) |
Christian |
Muslim |
No religion |
|
2004 |
|
50.0 |
|
4.0 |
40.0 |
|
2014 |
2.9 |
50.0 |
2.1 |
6.0 |
38.6 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1952 |
|
44.0 (+22.0) |
148.0 |
22.0 |
41.5 |
3.5 |
19.8 |
|
1962 |
7.3 |
43.0 (+24.1) |
|
18.9 |
39.0 |
5.0 |
39.7 |
|
1972 |
7.5 |
42.0 (+27.8) |
|
14.2 |
44.9 |
4.9 |
46.5 |
|
1980 |
6.2 |
39.0 (+26.1) |
111.7 |
12.9 |
43.7 |
4.5 |
52.1 |
|
1990 |
4.1 |
32.0 (+22.0) |
77.3 |
10.0 |
40.5 |
4.1 |
57.0 |
|
2000 |
2.1 |
20.5 (+12.8) |
48.6 |
7.7 |
34.8 |
3.7 |
57.1 |
|
2010 |
2.6 |
24.6 (+18.0) |
22.0 |
6.6 |
27.0 |
3.8 |
67.6 |
|
2015 |
2.9 |
24.7 (+18.4) |
16.1 |
6.3 |
28.8 |
3.9 |
68.2 |
|
2017 |
2.9 |
24.8 (+18.5) |
14.6 |
6.3 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
14.0 |
|
30.4 |
4.1 |
68.4 |
Life expectancy,
42.5 (1952); 41.0 (M), 44.0 (F)
48.4 (1960); 46.1 (M), 50.7 (F)
55.3 (1970); 53.1 (M), 57.7 (F)
56.9 (1980); 54.6 (M), 59.4 (F)
60.3 (1990); 57.8 (M), 62.9 (F)
62.9 (2000); 60.1 (M), 65.9 (F)
67.4 (2010); 63.5 (M), 71.6 (F)
69.9 (2020); 65.9 (M), 74.2 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s
|
|
Darkhan1 |
Erdenet2 |
ULANBATAAR3 |
|
1900 |
|
|
30 |
|
1921 |
|
|
60 |
|
1934 |
|
|
70 |
|
1940 |
|
|
100 |
|
1960 |
|
|
160 |
|
1970 |
25 |
|
250 |
|
1980 |
52 |
36 |
450 |
|
1990 |
89 |
58 |
575 |
|
2000 |
|
|
760 |
|
2010 |
181 |
83 |
1,040 |
|
2013 |
|
|
1,372 |
1Darkhan is a planned industrial city built by the Soviet Union in 1961
2Erdenet is a planned city, founded in 1974 to serve a
copper mine.
3Ulanbataar was formerly known as Urga; founded 1636 as a Buddhist monastery. It was renamed Ulanbataar Hoto, or �Town of the Red Heroes� in 1924.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1970 |
1,300 |
0.13 |
915 |
17.44 |
|
1975 |
1,710 |
0.10 |
1,071 |
13.70 |
|
1980 |
2,280 |
0.08 |
1,393 |
11.06 |
|
1985 |
2,760 |
0.07 |
1,137 |
6.22 |
|
1990 |
2,240 |
0.04 |
1,172 |
4.89 |
|
1995 |
1,230 |
0.02 |
632 |
2.10 |
|
2000 |
1,000 |
0.01 |
474 |
1.30 |
|
2005 |
2,520 |
0.02 |
1,000 |
2.26 |
|
2010 |
7,190 |
0.05 |
2,650 |
5.48 |
|
2015 |
11,740 |
0.07 |
3,950 |
7.03 |
|
2016 |
11,160 |
0.06 |
3,690 |
6.42 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
70.0 |
|
13.0 |
|
17.0 |
|
1980 |
|
55.0 |
|
22.0 |
|
23.0 |
|
1990 |
|
40.0 |
|
21.0 |
|
39.0 |
|
2000 |
29.7 |
|
27.6 |
|
39.6 |
|
|
2010 |
18.1 |
34.0 |
36.2 |
|
45.7 |
61.0 |
|
2016 |
13.3 |
31.1 |
35.3 |
18.5 |
51.4 |
50.5 |
Communications
Language Official; Mongolian (Khalk)
Kazakh, 6.0% (1990)
Mongolian, 90.0% (1990)
Literacy
82.9% (1995); 88.6% (M), 77.2% (F)
98.5% (2000); 98.6% (M), 98.3% (F)
98.4% (2015); 98.2% (M), 98.6% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
|
1938 |
4,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1960 |
8,600 |
|
|
|
|
1,380 |
|
1962 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,392 |
|
1965 |
8,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,425 |
|
1980 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,700 |
|
1990 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,928 |
|
1996 |
42,000 |
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
2000 |
49,249 |
4,800 |
|
44,051 |
24,671 |
1,928 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
63,224 |
26,319 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
63,458 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
110,200 |
37,300 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
162,582 |
|
1,908 |
|
2012 |
|
|
321,159 |
228,592 |
|
|
|
2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,815 |
Electronic communications, TV broadcasting began in 1967. Internet available from 1995.
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1962 |
9,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 |
37,792 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 |
|
|
128,000 |
40.800 |
|
|
|
1983 |
44.600 |
|
186,600 |
70,700 |
|
|
|
1990 |
66,400 |
|
289,000 |
85,000 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
|
330,000 |
110,000 |
7,500 |
|
|
1996 |
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
117,500 |
154,600 |
368,000 |
|
32,000 |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
50,000 |
|
2005 |
|
557,200 |
|
|
340,000 |
|
|
2010 |
193,200 |
2,510,000 |
|
|
|
335,000 |
|
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
521,500 |
|
2016 |
225,978 |
3,367,500 |
|
|
|
675,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Mongolia,
186,000 (1987)
147,200 (1990)
108,000 (1995)
137,000 (2000)
338,000 (2005)
456,000 (2010)
386,000 (2015)