Page last modified 16 August 2023
150) Mexico
Community
Area 1,964,375 square kilometres (land area 1,943,945 square kilometres)
Population,
12,000,000 (1500)
3,000,000 (1570)*
6,122,354 (1810)
7,200,000 (1850)
12,000,000 (1893)
13,607,259 (1900)
19,653,552
(1940) +18.7%
25,791,017
(1950) +31.2%
37,700,000
(1960) +46.2%
51,500,000
(1970) +36.6%
67,700,000
(1980) +31.5%
83,950,000
(1990) +24.0%
98,900,000 (2000) +17.8%
114,100,000
(2010) +15.4%
128,900,000
(2020) +13.0%
*Indigenous population decimated by
European diseases such as smallpox and typhus. By 1600 the indigenous
population of Central America, estimated at 25 million prior to the arrival of
the Europeans, had been reduced to just over 1 million.
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Amerindian |
European |
Mixed-race |
|
1793 |
55.0 |
20.0 |
23.0 |
|
1810 |
60.0 |
18.0 |
22.0 |
|
1890 |
37.0 |
20.0 |
43.0 |
|
1900 |
38.0 |
19.0 |
43.0 |
|
1930 |
27.9 |
14.8 |
54.6 |
|
1950 |
29.0 |
15.0 |
55.0 |
|
1960 |
29.0 |
15.0 |
55.0 |
|
1980 |
29.0 |
16.0 |
55.0 |
|
2012 |
28.0 |
9.0 |
62.0 |
Religion, % In 1857 Mexico by Constitutional amendment granted toleration to all religions.
|
|
Christian J W |
Christian Protestant |
Christian R C |
No Religion |
|
1900 |
|
0.4 |
99.5 |
0.1 |
|
1950 |
|
|
98.0 |
|
|
1970 |
|
|
96.0 |
|
|
1990 |
|
5.0 |
91.0 |
|
|
2001 |
1.1 |
4.0 |
91.0 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
88.0 |
3.1 |
|
2010 |
|
|
83.0 |
5.0 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1930 |
|
|
|
27.0 |
|
|
35.3 |
|
1933 |
|
|
139.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
1940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35.1 |
|
1952 |
|
47.0 (+31.0) |
114.0 |
16.0 |
43.1 |
3.4 |
42.6 |
|
1962 |
6.8 |
46.0 (+34.4) |
96.6 |
11.6 |
46.4 |
3.5 |
52.4 |
|
1970 |
6.8 |
43.4 (+33.6) |
77.0 |
9.8 |
46.5 |
3.7 |
59.0 |
|
1980 |
4.8 |
34.5 (+27.7) |
55.0 |
6.8 |
45.3 |
3.8 |
66.3 |
|
1990 |
3.5 |
28.5 (+22.7) |
36.5 |
5.4 |
39.1 |
4.3 |
71.4 |
|
2000 |
2.7 |
23.0 (+18.3) |
22.5 |
4.7 |
34.3 |
5.1 |
74.7 |
|
2010 |
2.3 |
20.0 (+15.3) |
14.8 |
4.7 |
29.8 |
6.1 |
77.8 |
|
2015 |
2.2 |
18.5 (+13.7) |
12.9 |
4.8 |
27.5 |
6.7 |
79.2 |
|
2017 |
2.2 |
17.9 (+13.0) |
11.6 |
4.9 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
11.0 |
|
26.6 |
7.2 |
80.2 |
Life expectancy,
37.0 (1930)
50.7 (1952); 49.0 (M), 52.0 (F)
57.1 (1960); 55.1 (M), 59.1 (F)
61.4 (1970); 59.1 (M), 63.7 (F)
66.6 (1980); 63.3 (M), 70.0 (F)
70.8 (1990); 67.9 (M), 73.8 (F)
74.3 (2000); 71.9 (M), 76.8 (F)
76.0 (2010); 73.7 (M), 78.5 (F)
76.6 (2020); 74.8 (M), 79.2 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Guadalajara |
MEXICO CITY1 |
Monterrey |
Tijuana |
|
1500 |
|
700* |
|
|
|
1800 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
1858 |
|
200 |
17 |
|
|
1890 |
95 |
350 |
42 |
|
|
1900 |
|
369 |
62 |
|
|
1920 |
|
|
88 |
|
|
1940 |
229 |
1,468 |
186 |
|
|
1950 |
378 |
2,233 |
332 |
|
|
1960 |
734 |
3,301 |
600 |
150 |
|
1970 |
1,364 |
7,500 |
1,012 |
360 |
|
1980 |
2,245 |
12,932 MA |
1,916 |
461 |
|
1990 |
2,847 |
15,048 MA |
1,069 |
699 |
|
2000 |
|
18,591MA |
3,300 MA |
1,149 MA |
|
2010 |
4,424 MA |
19,100 MA |
3,838 MA |
1,629 MA |
|
2015 |
|
20,400 MA |
4,550 MA |
1,896 MA |
*As Tenochtitlan
1Mexico City was founded by the Spaniard Hernan Cortes in 1521, after the destruction of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan which had stood on the same site; Tenochtitlan had 700,000 inhabitants when the Spanish arrived, and was larger than any contemporary city in Europe or the Americas.� Tenochtitlan had grown from a small village to become the Aztec capital in 1325.� In 1824 Mexico City was made the capital of the newly-independent State of Mexico.� Abstraction of groundwater from below Mexico City is causing the area to sink at 15 � 20 cm per year.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1948 |
2,541 |
1.14 |
106 |
6.95 |
|
1960 |
13,056 |
2.40 |
342 |
11.37 |
|
1965 |
21,830 |
2.94 |
450 |
11.76 |
|
1970 |
35,500 |
3.41 |
700 |
13.34 |
|
1975 |
88,000 |
5.38 |
1,615 |
20.65 |
|
1980 |
201,980 |
7.23 |
2,899 |
23.01 |
|
1985 |
182,700 |
4.34 |
2,344 |
12.83 |
|
1990 |
262,672 |
4.53 |
3,049 |
12.73 |
|
1995 |
286,180 |
3.87 |
3,655 |
12.16 |
|
2000 |
574,480 |
5.77 |
6,720 |
18.44 |
|
2005 |
768,400 |
5.87 |
8,000 |
18.06 |
|
2010 |
1,036,000 |
6.92 |
8,960 |
18.52 |
|
2015 |
1,151,000 |
6.38 |
9,140 |
16.26 |
|
2016 |
1,046,000 |
5.63 |
8,200 |
14.27 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1900 |
|
70.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1910 |
|
64.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1920 |
|
63.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1930 |
|
66.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1940 |
|
65.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
58.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
55.0 |
|
20.0 |
|
25.0 |
|
1970 |
|
44.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
8.0 |
36.0 |
22.0 |
26.0 |
55.0 |
39.0 |
|
1990 |
8.0 |
23.0 |
35.4 |
20.5 |
55.6 |
47.0 |
|
2000 |
4.9 |
|
26.6 |
24.0 |
69.5 |
56.0 |
|
2010 |
4.2 |
13.7 |
33.3 |
23.4 |
62.5 |
62.9 |
|
2011 |
|
13.4 |
|
24.1 |
|
61.9 |
|
2016 |
3.8 |
|
32.2 |
|
63.4 |
|
Communications
Language, % Official; Spanish,
|
|
Spanish only |
Spanish and Amerindian |
Amerindian only |
|
1950 |
|
|
3.6 |
|
2000 |
93.0 |
5.7 |
0.8 |
Literacy
16.0% (1895)
17.0% (1898)
40.3% (1930)
65.0% (1960)
82.0% (1980); 86.2% (M), 79.9% (F)
87.3% (1990)
89.6% (1995); 91.8% (M), 87.4% (F)
90.3% (2000); 92.0% (M), 88.7% (F)
92.4% (2010); 94.4% (M), 90.6% (F)
94.5% (2015); 95.5% (M), 93.5% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1948 |
|
|
|
100,000 |
70,000 |
|
1950 |
|
|
|
173,000 |
111,250 |
|
1952 |
22,590 |
14,900 |
550,000 |
225,000 |
|
|
1959 |
47,820 |
34,000 |
|
437,657 |
300,859 |
|
1962 |
|
52,000 |
|
588,700 |
377,154 |
|
1966 |
66,879 |
55,359 |
1,200,000 |
850,000 |
420,000 |
|
1977 |
200,060 |
|
|
2,682,000 |
1,077,600 |
|
1980 |
213,500 |
|
|
3,700,000 |
1,400,000 |
|
1986 |
225,684 |
102,000 |
|
5,183,000 |
|
|
1990 |
240,000 |
|
6,754,100 |
|
4,892,848 |
|
1994 |
307,142 |
|
8,433,700 |
|
7,839,369 |
|
2000 |
335,000 |
|
|
10,443,489 |
7,931,599 |
|
2005 |
355,000 |
|
21,550,000 |
14,078,669 |
7,111,172 |
|
2010 |
368,144 |
|
30,482,000 |
|
|
|
2012 |
377,660 |
137,544 |
33,293,000 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
35,006,000 |
|
|
Railways; First railway 1850
Length, kilometres
13 (1850)
32 (1860)
204 (1870)
1,101 (1880)
9,905 (1890)
13,405 (1900)
19,908 (1910)*
20,909 (1920)
23,810 (1930)
23,010 (1940)
160 e� (1955)
23,342 (1950)
23,469 (1958)
23,672 (1965)
23,826 (1967)
25,474 (1984)
20,515 (1992)
26,623 (1996) (0.9% e)
26,700 (2010)
*Government-owned
lines. There were also a further 4,840 km of privately owned lines.
Urban metro systems, kilometres (year opened)
|
|
Guadalajara (1989) |
Mexico City (1969) |
Monterrey (1991) |
|
1985 |
|
120.0 |
|
|
1991 |
15.1 |
158.0 |
18.0 |
|
1995 |
|
178.0 |
23.0 |
|
2003 |
|
202.0 |
|
|
2010 |
24.3 |
|
32.0 |
|
2015 |
24.3 |
226.5 |
32.0 |
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1950
|
|
Telephones 1,000s |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios 1,000s |
Televisions 1,000s |
PCs 1,000s |
Internet Users 1,000s |
|
1938 |
158 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1941 |
179 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1943 |
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
276 |
|
1,892 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
492 |
|
3,300 |
700 |
|
|
|
1862 |
567 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 |
1,075 |
|
11,000 |
1,850 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
|
17,514 |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
2,700 |
|
|
4,500 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
1,500 |
|
|
370 |
|
|
1990 |
5,355 |
64,000 |
21,500 |
20,000 |
680 |
|
|
1995 |
|
688,500 |
24,000 |
|
2,400 |
370 |
|
2000 |
14,975 |
14,100,000 |
32,300 |
28,000 |
5,700 |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
10,033 |
|
2005 |
|
47,500,000 |
|
|
14,000 |
18,000 |
|
2010 |
19,862 |
91,363,000 |
|
|
|
31,020 |
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
51,000 |
|
2016 |
19,600 |
111,725,000 |
|
|
|
73,334 |
Tourism: Visitors to Mexico,
1,788,003 (1967)
3,768,000 (1980)
6,370,000 (1990)
20,241,000 (1995)
20,641,000 (2000)
21,915,000 (2005)
23,290,000 (2010)
32,093,000 (2015)