Page last modified 16 August 2023
Madagascar (formerly
Malagasy Republic)
Community
Area 587,041 square kilometres (land area 581,540 square kilometres)
Population,
2,505,237 (1901)
3,669,328 (1936)
4,000,000 (1946)
4,620,000 (1950)
5,100,000 (1960) +10.4%
6,575,000 (1970) +28.9%
8,720,000 (1980) +32.6%
11,600,000 (1990) +33.0%
15,750,000 (2000) +35.8%
21,150,000 (2010) +34.3%
27,691,000 (2020) +30.9%
Religion, %
|
|
Animist |
Christian Protestant |
Christian R C |
Muslim |
|
1900 |
60.3 |
21.0 |
18.0 |
0.5 |
|
1970 |
49.3 |
21.3 |
25.1 |
1.6 |
|
1980 |
52.0 |
20.5 |
20.5 |
7.0 |
|
1990 |
47.0 |
22.0 |
28.0 |
|
|
2010 |
4.5 |
45.8 |
38.1 |
3.0 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
1952 |
|
48.0 (+21.0) |
245.0 |
27.0 |
41.2 |
3.5 |
8.9 |
|
1962 |
7.3 |
48.0 (+24.0) |
|
24.0 |
43.8 |
3.3 |
11.3 |
|
1972 |
7.2 |
46.0 (+26.1) |
172.0 |
19.9 |
45.7 |
3.6 |
15.0 |
|
1980 |
6.7 |
44.4 (+27.4) |
105.0 |
17.0 |
46.1 |
3.4 |
18.5 |
|
1990 |
6.2 |
45.3 (+30.2) |
98.0 |
15.2 |
45.6 |
3.0 |
23.6 |
|
2000 |
5.5 |
41.5 (+31.3) |
69.0 |
10.2 |
45.2 |
3.0 |
27.1 |
|
2010 |
4.6 |
35.0 (+27.6) |
46.0 |
7.4 |
43.5 |
2.8 |
31.9 |
|
2015 |
4.2 |
33.4 (+26.9) |
40.8 |
6.5 |
41.6 |
2.8 |
35.1 |
|
2017 |
4.1 |
32.9 (+26.7) |
39.1 |
6.2 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
38.2 |
|
40.7 |
3.0 |
37.2 |
Life expectancy,
37.7 (1952); 36.0 (M), 39.0 (F)
40.0 (1960); 39.0 (M), 41.0 (F)
44.8 (1970); 43.9 (M), 45.7 (F)
49.0 (1980); 48.1 (M), 50.0 (F)
51.0 (1990); 49.8 (M), 52.0 (F)
58.5 (2000); 57.3 (M), 59.7 (F)
63.4 (2010); 61.9 (M), 64.9 (F)
67.2 (2020); 65,5 (M), 68.8 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s
|
|
ANTANANARIVO |
Fianarantsoa |
Toamasina |
|
1900 |
50 |
|
|
|
1910 |
70 |
|
|
|
1946 |
163 |
25 |
|
|
1950 |
177 |
|
|
|
1960 |
250 |
33 |
|
|
1970 |
423 |
|
|
|
1980 |
550 |
65 |
65 |
|
1990 |
804 |
120 |
120 |
|
1993 |
1,432 |
|
|
|
2009 |
1,697 |
|
|
|
2014 |
1,613 |
192 |
280 |
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1958 |
424 |
0.12 |
|
|
|
1960 |
673 |
0.12 |
132 |
4.39 |
|
1965 |
834 |
0.11 |
145 |
3.79 |
|
1970 |
1,280 |
0.12 |
170 |
3.24 |
|
1975 |
2,540 |
0.16 |
334 |
4.27 |
|
1980 |
4,040 |
0.14 |
460 |
3.65 |
|
1985 |
2,860 |
0.07 |
286 |
1.57 |
|
1990 |
3,080 |
0.05 |
274 |
1.14 |
|
1995 |
3,160 |
0.04 |
238 |
0.79 |
|
2000 |
3,890 |
0.04 |
251 |
0.69 |
|
2005 |
5,000 |
0.04 |
275 |
0.62 |
|
2010 |
8,330 |
0.06 |
420 |
0.87 |
|
2015 |
9,740 |
0.05 |
402 |
0.72 |
|
2016 |
9,990 |
0.05 |
401 |
0.70 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
93.0 |
5.0 |
2.0 |
|
5.0 |
|
1980 |
41.0 |
87.0 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
1990 |
43.0 |
81.0 |
16.0 |
6.0 |
41.0 |
13.0 |
|
2000 |
31.7 |
|
14.4 |
|
55.0 |
|
|
2010 |
26.5 |
|
16.7 |
|
56.8 |
|
|
2016 |
24.0 |
|
15.7 |
|
60.2 |
|
Communications
Language, Official, English, French, Malagasy� English has been an official language since 2007
Literacy
34.0% (1980); 40.8% (M), 27.0% (F)
52.8% (1985)
67.3% (2000); 74.2% (M), 60.6% (F)
70.6% (2003); 76.4% (M), 65.2% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1938 |
26,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
31,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
1956 |
|
|
27,000 |
|
|
|
1957 |
|
|
|
14,261 |
15,400 |
|
1961 |
34,666 |
|
|
|
|
|
1965 |
38,000 |
|
55,200 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
|
|
57,400 |
|
|
1982 |
49,637 |
4,774 |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
52,000 |
|
97,000 |
27,739 |
18,500 |
|
1996 |
|
|
|
|
37,972 |
|
2002 |
65,663 |
7,617 |
|
52,200 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
141,000 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
219,600 |
|
|
Railways; Construction of a railway to link Tananarive with the coast was begun by the French in 1901 The route opened in full on 1/1/1909. Tamatave was reached in 1913.
Length, kilometres
174 (1910)
369 (1920)
696 (1930)
858 (1940)
858 (1950)
864 (1960)
884 (1977)
1,035 (1980)
1,054 (1990)
883 (2000)
854 (2010)
836 (2014)
Electronic communications,� TV
broadcasting began 1967
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1939 |
|
|
953 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
|
1959 |
12,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
|
|
1976 |
15,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
|
8,000 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
|
609,000 |
12,000 |
|
|
|
1980 |
19,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 |
|
|
910,000 |
71,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
31,500 |
|
2,400,000 |
240,000 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
1,300 |
2,850,000 |
295,000 |
|
|
|
1997 |
|
|
3,050,000 |
325,000 |
20,000 |
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
700 |
|
2000 |
55,000 |
63,100 |
3,350,000 |
380,000 |
35,000 |
30,000 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
55,000 |
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
91,000 |
90,000 |
|
2005 |
66,900 |
504,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
710,000 |
|
110,000 |
|
2010 |
|
8,242,000 |
|
|
|
330,000 |
|
2012 |
143,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
148,585 |
10,411,700 |
|
|
|
1,152,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,300,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Madagascar,
13,000 (1980)
53,000 (1990)
75,000 (1995)
160,000 (2000)
277,422 (2005)
196,000 (2010)
244,000 (2015)