Page last modified 18 August 2023
136) Lithuania
Community
Area 65,300 square kilometres (land area 62,680 square kilometres)
Population,
2,028,972 (1923)
2,575.363 (1938)
2,880,000 (1940)
2,350,000 (1948)*
2,567,000 (1950) -10.9%
2,779,000 (1960) +8.3%
3,128,000 (1970) +12.6%
3,439,000 (1980) +9.9%
3,695,000 (1990) +7.4%
3,501,000 (2000) -5.3%
3,123,000 (2010) -10.8%
2,794,700 (2020) -10.5%
*Reduction in population during World War Two due to the Nazi massacre of some. 200,000 Jews, Soviet deportations 1940-41, recruitment of workers for Germany after 1941 and by the departure of 178,000 Poles in 1945-47.
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Belarus |
German |
Jewish |
Lithuania |
Polish |
Russia |
Ukraine |
|
1923 |
|
1.4 |
7.6 |
83.9 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
|
|
1960 |
|
|
|
79.0 |
8.5 |
8.6 |
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
79.0 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
|
|
1980 |
|
|
|
80.0 |
7.7 |
8.6 |
|
|
1990 |
1.7 |
|
|
79.6 |
7.0 |
9.4 |
1.2 |
|
2000 |
1.2 |
|
0.1 |
83.5 |
6.7 |
6.3 |
0.7 |
|
2011 |
1.2 |
|
|
84.1 |
6.6 |
5.8 |
0.5 |
|
2015 |
|
|
|
86.7 |
5.6 |
4.8 |
0.7 |
Religion, %
|
|
Christian R C |
Christian Russian Orth. |
Jewish |
None |
|
1937 |
|
|
7.5 |
|
|
1990 |
80.0 |
|
|
|
|
2001 |
79.0 |
4.1 |
|
9.5 |
|
2011 |
77.2 |
4.1 |
|
12.0 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1923 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.9 |
|
1937 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.0 |
|
1960 |
2.6 |
22.5 |
|
|
27.1 |
7.9 |
39.5 |
|
1965 |
2.2 |
18.1 (+10.3) |
|
7.8 |
27.3 |
9.2 |
45.0 |
|
1970 |
2.4 |
17.0 (+8.1) |
18.0 |
8.9 |
27.0 |
10.1 |
49.6 |
|
1980 |
2.0 |
15.0 (+4.5) |
16.0 |
10.5 |
23.3 |
11.4 |
61.2 |
|
1990 |
2.0 |
15.0 (+4.2) |
11.8 |
10.8 |
22.6 |
10.9 |
67.6 |
|
2000 |
1.4 |
10.0 (-1.1) |
8.6 |
11.1 |
20.0 |
13.9 |
67.0 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
9.9 (-3.7) |
4.9 |
13.6 |
14.8 |
17.3 |
66.8 |
|
2015 |
1.7 |
10.8 (-3.3) |
4.1 |
14.1 |
14.5 |
18.7 |
66.5 |
|
2016 |
|
|
3.8 |
|
14.7 |
18.8 |
66.5 |
|
2017 |
1.7 |
10.1 (-3.1) |
3.6 |
14.2 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
3.3 |
|
14.8 |
19.7 |
67.7 |
Life expectancy,
69.8 (1960); 66.9 (M), 72.9 (F)
70.8 (1970); 66.8 (M), 75.0 (F)
70.5 (1980); 65.6 (M), 75.6 (F)
71.2 (1990); 66.4 (M), 76.1 (F)
72.0 (2000); 66.8 (M), 77.5 (F)
73.3 (2010); 68.0 (M), 78.8 (F)
76.0 (2020); 70.4 (M), 81.4 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Kaunas1 |
Klaipeda2 |
Panevezys |
Siauliai |
VILNIUS3 |
|
1722 |
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
1790 |
|
6.3 |
|
4 |
|
|
1855 |
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
1897 |
|
20 |
|
16 |
155 |
|
1923 |
92 |
36 |
19 |
21 |
168 |
|
1938 |
152 |
47 |
26 |
31 |
|
|
1950 |
|
48 |
|
|
173 |
|
1960 |
200 |
95 |
40 |
62 |
280 |
|
1967 |
|
|
|
|
317 |
|
1977 |
359 |
170 |
|
|
|
|
1987 |
417 |
|
|
|
566 |
|
1997 |
419 |
203 |
133 |
147 |
580 |
|
2002 |
377 |
192 |
119 |
133 |
553 |
|
2007 |
358 |
186 |
115 |
128 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
554 |
|
2016 |
570 MA |
154 |
99 |
103 |
550 |
1Kaunas was the capital of Lithuania between 1910 and 1940.
2Klaipeda (Memel) was founded as a fortress town (Memelburg Castle) in 1252 by the Teutonic Knights.
3Vilnius was founded in the 10th century AD, and became the capital of Lithuania in 1323.� Vilnius was part of Poland between 1920 and 1939.� After World War Two, Polish territory was readjusted westwards and Vilnius became Lithuanian once more.� Capital of Lithuania since independence, 1991.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1990 |
22,860 |
0.39 |
6,183 |
25.81 |
|
1995 |
7,870 |
0.11 |
2,170 |
7.22 |
|
2000 |
11,130 |
0.11 |
3,300 |
9.05 |
|
2005 |
25,500 |
0.19 |
7,860 |
17.74 |
|
2010 |
35,730 |
0.24 |
12,000 |
24.81 |
|
2015 |
41,400 |
0.23 |
14,250 |
25.35 |
|
2016 |
42,740 |
0.23 |
14,900 |
25.93 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1993 |
11.2 |
22.0 |
32.7 |
31.0 |
48.2 |
41.0 |
|
2000 |
8.0 |
20.0 |
31.0 |
30.0 |
61.0 |
50.0 |
|
2010 |
4.3 |
14.0 |
27.6 |
29.1 |
68.2 |
56.9 |
|
2016 |
3.3 |
9.1 |
28.7 |
25.2 |
68.1 |
65.8 |
Communications
Language, Official;
Lithuanian
|
|
Belarusian |
Lithuanian |
Polish |
Russian |
|
1990 |
2.0 |
81.0 |
7.0 |
10.0 |
|
2001 |
|
82.0 |
5.6 |
6.0 |
|
2012 |
|
|
|
6.0 |
Literacy
98.0% (1980)
99.6% (2000); 99.7% (M), 99.5% (F)
99.7% (2010); 99.7% (M), 99.7% (F)
99.8% (2015); 99.8% (M), 99.8% (F)
Physical communications � roads and railways
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
% Electrified |
|
1923 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,747 |
|
|
1960 |
|
10,300 |
|
|
|
2,100 |
|
|
1970 |
33,900 |
13,400 |
|
|
|
2,030 |
|
|
1980 |
35,000 |
19,900 |
|
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
1987 |
|
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
|
|
1990 |
43,100 |
34,100 |
|
|
|
2,000 |
6.1 |
|
1996 |
|
|
|
785,088 |
82,191 |
|
|
|
2000 |
76,000 |
69,202 |
|
|
|
1,800 |
6.8 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
105,545 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
1,750,000 |
1,587,900 |
|
|
|
|
2010 |
81,030 |
71,563 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 |
84,166 |
72,297 |
1,905,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
1,984,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,768 |
6.9 |
|
2016 |
|
|
|
1,298,737 |
|
|
|
Electronic communications, �TV
began 1957
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1923 |
|
|
53,667 |
|
|
|
|
1938 |
26,591 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 |
256,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
394,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
781,000 |
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
|
1992 |
|
267 |
|
|
|
|
|
1993 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
1995 |
|
14,800 |
1,800,000 |
|
24,000 |
|
|
2000 |
1,100,000 |
524,000 |
|
|
240,000 |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
500,000 |
|
2003 |
|
|
2,100,000 |
1,410,000 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
533,000 |
968,000 |
|
2005 |
801,200 |
4,353,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,100,000 |
|
2012 |
667,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
530,871 |
4,204,700 |
|
|
|
2,123,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,399,700 |
Tourism: Visitors to Lithuania,
222,000 (1994)
650,000 (1995)
1,083,000 (2000)
2,000,000 (2005)
1,507,000 (2010)
2,071,000 (2015)