Page
last modified 20 August 2023
121) Kazakhstan
Community
Area 2,724,900 square kilometres (land area 2,699,700 square kilometres)
Population,
6,145,937 (1939)
6,703,000 (1950)
10,000,000 (1960) +49.2%
13,110,000 (1970) +33.1%
14,905,000 (1980) +13.7%
16,540,000 (1990) +11.0%
15,050,000 (2000) -9.0%
16,400,000 (2010) +9.0%
18,754,000 (2020) +14.4%
Ethnicity %.
|
|
German |
Kazakh |
Russian |
Tatar |
Uighur |
Ukrainian |
Uzbek |
|
1897 |
|
73.9 |
12.8 |
1.1 |
|
|
1.3 |
|
1911 |
|
60.8 |
27.0 |
1.1 |
|
|
1.1 |
|
1926 |
0.7 |
59.5 |
18.0 |
0.7 |
|
12.4 |
3.2 |
|
1939 |
1.5 |
38.0* |
40.2* |
1.6 |
|
10.8 |
1.7 |
|
1959 |
7.1** |
30.0 |
42.7 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
8.2 |
1.1 |
|
1970 |
6.6 |
32.6 |
42.4 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
7.0 |
1.7 |
|
1980 |
6.1 |
36.0 |
40.8 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
6.1 |
1.8 |
|
1990 |
5.8 |
39.7 |
37.8 |
2.0 |
1.1 |
5.4 |
2.0 |
|
2000 |
2.4 |
53.4 |
30.0 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
3.7 |
2.5 |
|
2010 |
1.1 |
63.1 |
23.7 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
|
2015 |
1.1 |
66.5 |
20.6 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
*Major famines in the 1920s and 30s caused many ethnic Kazakhs to flee or die of starvation; at the same time Russian immigration continued
**During World War Two many ethnic Germans were deported from Russia and exiled to Kazakhstan, as they were seen by Moscow as potentially subversive
Religion,
|
|
Christian |
Islam |
No religion |
|
2009 |
26.3 |
70.2 |
2.9 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1926 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.4 |
|
1960 |
4.6 |
35.5 (+23.2) |
|
12.3 |
36.2 |
5.7 |
44.2 |
|
1970 |
3.6 |
25.6 (+16.2) |
69.0 |
9.4 |
37.6 |
5.4 |
50.2* |
|
1980 |
2.9 |
24.0 (+16.0) |
57.0 |
8.0 |
32.4 |
6.1 |
54.1 |
|
1990 |
2.7 |
22.0 (+14.1) |
44.0 |
7.9 |
31.4 |
5.9 |
56.3 |
|
2000 |
1.8 |
15.0 (+5.0) |
37.0 |
10.0 |
27.6 |
6.8 |
55.7 |
|
2010 |
2.6 |
22.5 (+13.5) |
18.1 |
9.0 |
24.0 |
6.8 |
56.8 |
|
2015 |
2.7 |
22.7 (+15.2) |
10.6 |
7.5 |
26.8 |
6.8 |
57.2 |
|
2017 |
2.7 |
21.6 (+14.4) |
9.2 |
7.2 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
8.8 |
|
28.5 |
7.4 |
57.4 |
*Kazakh ethnic group, 1970; 26.0%
urban.
Life expectancy,
58.4 (1960); 53.2 (M), 63.8 (F)
62.3 (1970); 57.1 (M), 67.7 (F)
66.6 (1980); 61.6 (M), 71.9 (F)
68.3 (1990); 63.8 (M), 73.1 (F)
65.5 (2000); 60.2 (M), 71.1 (F)
68.3 (2010); 63.5 (M), 73.3 (F)
73.5 (2020); 69.1 (M), 77.6 (F)
Population of principal cities, MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Almaty1 |
ASTANA2 |
Qaraghandy |
|
1926 |
45,000 |
|
|
|
1939 |
230,528 |
|
|
|
1962 |
535,000 |
|
|
|
1991 |
1,156,000 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
280,000 |
|
|
2000 |
1,120,000 |
313,000 |
437,000 |
|
2009 |
1,383,000 |
650,000 |
450,000 |
|
2017 |
5,460,420 MA |
1,314,015 |
|
1Almaty was formerly known as Alma-Ata; this name means �apple-town�, because of the apples grown in orchards surrounding the city.� The Russians built a fortress here in 1854.� The capital was moved from Almaty to Astana in 1997.
2Formerly Aqmola; renamed 1998; �Astana� means �Capital City� in Kazakh,
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1990 |
26,932 |
0.46 |
1,650 |
6.89 |
|
1995 |
20,375 |
0.28 |
1,290 |
4.29 |
|
2000 |
18,200 |
0.18 |
1,236 |
3.39 |
|
2005 |
56,100 |
0.43 |
3,771 |
8.51 |
|
2010 |
148,000 |
0.99 |
9,070 |
18.75 |
|
2015 |
184,400 |
1.02 |
10,510 |
18.70 |
|
2016 |
133,650 |
0.72 |
7,510 |
13.07 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1993 |
14.8 |
26.2 |
28.3 |
20.3 |
57.0 |
54.0 |
|
2000 |
8.6 |
20.0 |
38.6 |
30.0 |
52.8 |
50.0 |
|
2010 |
5.4 |
28.2 |
42.8 |
18.2 |
51.8 |
53.6 |
|
2016 |
4.8 |
18.1 |
33.9 |
20.4 |
61.3 |
61.6 |
Communications
Language %, Official; Kazakh, Russian widely spoken
|
|
German |
Kazakh |
Russian |
Ukrainian |
Uzbek |
|
1990 |
6.0 |
40.0 |
38.0 |
5.0 |
2.0 |
Literacy
99.0% (1995)
99.6% (2010); 99.8% (M), 99.5% (F)
99.8% (2015); 99.8% (M), 99.8% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
% electrified |
|
1960 |
9,000 |
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
1968 |
33,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
66,900 |
|
|
|
14,200 |
|
|
1990 |
99,000 |
|
|
|
14,400 |
|
|
1996 |
|
|
997,544 |
|
|
|
|
2000 |
109,455 |
|
1,002,298 |
233,045 |
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
1,148,754 |
261,327 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
2,500,000 |
2,183,100 |
359,200 |
14,200 |
|
|
2010 |
|
3,670,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
3,500,000 |
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
4,600,000 |
|
|
14,184 |
28.6% |
Urban metro systems, kilometres
Almaty, (opened 2011)
8.5 (2012)
11.3 (2015)
Electronic communications
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1975 |
470,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
660,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
1,333,500 |
|
4,175,000 |
3,700,000 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
4,600 |
6,450,000 |
3,870,000 |
|
|
|
2000 |
1,834,200 |
197,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
5,440,000 |
|
200,000 |
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
400,000 |
|
2005 |
|
4,955,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
2010 |
4,011,000 |
19,768,000 |
|
|
|
5,350,000 |
|
2016 |
3,931,000 |
25,395,000 |
|
|
|
14,100,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Kazakhstan,
1,471,000 (2000)
3,143,000 (2005)
2,991,000 (2010)
4,560,000 (2014)
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