Page last modified 20 August 2023
Indonesia
Community
Area 1,904,569� square kilometres (land area 1,811,569 square kilometres)
Population,
38,800,000
60,727,233 (1930)
83,000,000 (1950)
87,750,000 (1960) +5.7%
114,800,000 (1970) +30.8%
147,490,298 (1980) +28.5%
181,400,000 (1990) +23.0%
214,400,000 (2000) +18.2%
242,500,000 (2010) +13.1%
273,500,000 (2020) +12.8%
Ethnicity %
|
|
Chinese |
Javanese |
Malay |
Sundanese |
|
1970 |
2.9 |
42.0 |
2.9 |
13.6 |
|
1990 |
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
2000 |
|
40.6 |
|
15.0 |
|
2010 |
1.2 |
40.1 |
3.7 |
15.5 |
Religion, % Indonesia has the world�s largest Muslim population
|
|
Buddhist |
Christian R C |
Christian Other |
Hindu |
Muslim Sunni |
|
1960 |
3.0 |
4.3 (all Chr) |
|
2.2 |
80.0 |
|
1970 |
|
|
|
|
90.0 |
|
1980 |
|
|
|
|
90.0 |
|
1990 |
|
3.0 |
7.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
2001 |
|
3.7 |
6.2 |
|
89.4 |
|
2010 |
|
2.9 |
7.0 |
1.7 |
87.2 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1952 |
|
43.0 (+17.0) |
160.0 |
26.0 |
39.2 |
4.0 |
12.3 |
|
1962 |
5.6 |
43.0 (+26.0) |
141.0 |
17.0 |
40.9 |
3.5 |
15.1 |
|
1972 |
5.3 |
38.0 (+25.8) |
106.2 |
12.4 |
43.2 |
3.4 |
17.8 |
|
1980 |
4.4 |
33.0 (+23.0) |
85.0 |
10.0 |
41.1 |
3.6 |
22.1 |
|
1990 |
3.1 |
26.0 (+18.0) |
62.0 |
8.0 |
36.4 |
3.8 |
30.6 |
|
2000 |
2.5 |
21.8 (+14.5) |
41.1 |
7.3 |
30.7 |
4.7 |
42.0 |
|
2010 |
2.5 |
20.9 (+13.8) |
27.5 |
7.1 |
29.0 |
4.9 |
49.9 |
|
2015 |
2.4 |
19.4 (+12.3) |
23.5 |
7.1 |
27.9 |
5.1 |
53.7 |
|
2017 |
2.4 |
18.4 (+11.2) |
21.9 |
7.2 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
21.1 |
|
26.6 |
5.9 |
55.3 |
Life expectancy,
37.5 (1952); 37.0 (M), 38.0 (F)
48.6 (1960); 47.3 (M), 50.1 (F)
54.5 (1970); 53.4 (M), 55.7 (F)
59.6 (1980); 58.5 (M), 60.8 (F)
63.3 (1990); 61.9 (M), 64.7 (F)
66.2 (2000); 64.6 (M), 68.0 (F)
68.2 (2010); 66.1 (M), 70.3 (F)
71.8 (2020); 69.6 (M), 74.0 (F)
Population of selected islands 1,000s (area, sq km)
|
|
Bali (5,633) |
Java (127,569) |
Kalimantan (574,194) |
Sulawesi (191,671) |
Sumatra (480,847) |
|
1850 |
|
9,570 |
|
|
|
|
1900 |
|
|
|
|
3,572 |
|
1980 |
2,470 |
|
|
10,410 |
28,016 |
|
1983 |
|
|
7,350 |
|
|
|
1990 |
2,778 |
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
3,151 |
121,352 |
11,332 |
14,946 |
43,310 |
|
2014 |
4,225 |
|
14,945 |
18,455 |
50,180 |
|
2015 |
|
145,000 |
|
|
|
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA= Metropolitan Area
|
|
Bandung |
JAKARTA1 |
MA |
Medan |
Semarang |
Surabaya |
|
1850 |
511 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1870 |
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
1900 |
|
170 |
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
1,452 |
|
284 |
371 |
679 |
|
1960 |
954 |
2,852 |
|
400 |
475 |
1,088 |
|
1970 |
1,200 |
4,576 |
|
636 |
647 |
1,400 |
|
1990 |
2,036 |
7,836 |
|
1,885 |
1,250 |
2,421 |
|
2000 |
2,140 |
8,350 |
15,086 |
1,900 |
3,300 MA |
2,600 |
|
2009 |
2,390 |
9,125 |
24,000 |
|
|
2,766 |
|
2010 |
|
|
|
4,104 MA |
3,184 MA |
|
|
2014 |
8,495 MA |
9,608 |
30,214 |
4,450 MA |
|
|
|
2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,484 MA |
1The Dutch established a settlement at Jakarta in 1619.� They obliterated the former village of Jakerta and rebuilt it as the town of Batavia.� The countryside was low lying and wet; Dutch drainage techniques failed to work well and the city of Batavia was unhealthy.� The centre of Batavia was demolished in 1808 by Herman Daendels and a new centre was built four kilometres to the south at Weltevreden; this is the present-day centre of Jakarta. Jakarta became the capital in 1949.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1965 |
8,909 |
1.20 |
100 |
2.61 |
|
1970 |
11,000 |
1.06 |
91 |
1.73 |
|
1975 |
34,500 |
2.11 |
252 |
3.22 |
|
1980 |
86,810 |
3.11 |
587 |
4.66 |
|
1985 |
92,050 |
2.18 |
559 |
3.06 |
|
1990 |
114,430 |
1.97 |
638 |
2.66 |
|
1995 |
202,130 |
2.73 |
1,038 |
3.45 |
|
2000 |
153,710 |
1.54 |
715 |
1.96 |
|
2005 |
287,200 |
2.19 |
1,260 |
2.84 |
|
2010 |
707,000 |
4.72 |
3,113 |
6.44 |
|
2015 |
861,250 |
4.77 |
3,336 |
5.94 |
|
2016 |
932,250 |
5.02 |
3,570 |
6.21 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
75.0 |
|
8.0 |
|
17.0 |
|
1970 |
|
66.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
26.0 |
58.0 |
39.0 |
12.0 |
35.0 |
30.0 |
|
1990 |
26.0 |
55.0 |
40.0 |
14.0 |
34.0 |
31.0 |
|
2000 |
17.1 |
45.0 |
44.2 |
21.0 |
38.7 |
44.0 |
|
2010 |
14.0 |
38.3 |
46.4 |
12.8 |
37.1 |
48.9 |
|
2016 |
|
32.0 |
40.8 |
21.0 |
43.5 |
47.0 |
Communications
Language, %, Official; Bahasa (Indonesian), Dutch, English,
|
|
Javanese |
Madurese |
Sundanese |
|
1990 |
34.0 |
6.0 |
14.0 |
Literacy
39.0% (1960)
62.0% (1980)
74.0% (1985); 83.0% (M), 65.0% (F)
77.0% (1990)
83.8% (1995); 89.6% (M), 78.0% (F)
86.9% (2000); 91.8% (M), 82.0% (F)
87.9% (2000); 92.5% (M), 83.4% (F)
90.4% (2010); 94.0% (M), 86.8% (F)
95.4% (2015); 97.2% (M), 93.5% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1951 |
|
|
|
20,000 |
19,000 |
|
1956 |
|
|
131,400 |
70,000 |
|
|
1958 |
79,537 |
|
|
|
44,843 |
|
1960 |
81,000 |
|
|
92,463 |
72,359 |
|
1961 |
|
|
|
132,000 |
95,300 |
|
1964 |
|
|
251,100 |
|
|
|
1978 |
|
|
|
479,300 |
327,100 |
|
1980 |
|
|
|
577,345 |
390,000 |
|
1982 |
93,063 |
|
|
|
453,193 |
|
1986 |
|
136,220 |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
219,009 |
|
2,193,100 |
1,059,800 |
876,700 |
|
1996 |
|
179,000 |
|
2,204,000 |
1,391,000 |
|
1999 |
342,700 |
158,700 |
|
2,800,000 |
1,600,000 |
|
2005 |
|
|
9,062,000 |
5,500,000 |
2,921,000 |
|
2011 |
496,607 |
283,505 |
16,674,000 |
9,220,000 |
|
|
2013 |
|
|
19,200,000 |
11,339,000 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
|
12,700,000 |
|
Railways; First railway 1867
|
|
Length (km) |
% electrified |
|
1870 |
109 |
|
|
1880 |
406 |
|
|
1890 |
1,501 |
|
|
1900 |
3,585 |
|
|
1910 |
4,621 |
|
|
1920 |
5,785 |
|
|
1930 |
6,657 |
|
|
1940 |
6,712 |
|
|
1950 |
5,814 |
|
|
1960 |
6,640 |
|
|
1980 |
6,877 |
|
|
1990 |
6,521 |
1.7 |
|
1995 |
6,458 |
1.9 |
|
2005 |
6,482 |
|
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began in Jakarta in 1962
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios 1,000s |
Televisions 1,000s |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1950 |
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
|
1951 |
43,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1958 |
|
|
631 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
115,000 |
|
750 |
|
|
|
|
1961 |
126,486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 |
164,373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
5,100 |
325 |
|
|
|
1978 |
324,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
373,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 |
|
|
20,000 |
3,451 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
1,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
1985 |
|
2,020 |
|
|
|
|
|
1988 |
|
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
1990 |
1,066,000 |
18,100 |
26,500 |
10,500 |
200,000 |
|
|
1995 |
|
200,640 |
29,500 |
13,000 |
980,000 |
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
2000 |
6,663,000 |
3,670,000 |
33,000 |
|
2,100,000 |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
2004 |
|
|
|
32,000 |
3,022,000 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
35,000 |
3,750,000 |
16,000,000 |
|
2010 |
38,000,000 |
46,910,000 |
|
|
|
20,000,000 |
|
2013 |
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
|
2016 |
|
385,573,400 |
|
|
|
65,500,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Indonesia,
15,000 (1966)
40,000 (1968)
313,452 (1974)
600,292 (1982)
720,000 (1985)
2,178,000 (1990)
4,324,000 (1995)
5,064,000 (2000)
5,002,101 (2005)
7,003,000 (2010)
10,407,000 (2015)
_____________________________________________________________________