Page last modified 21 August 2023
106) Haiti
Community
Area 27,750 square kilometres (land area 27,560 square kilometres)
Population,
2,000,000 (1490)*
800,000 (1850)
960,000 (1888)
1,245,000 (1900)
2,500,000 (1913)
3,097,000 (1950)
3,865,000 (1960) +24.8%
4,710,000 (1970) +21.9%
5,690,000 (1980) +20.8%
7,100,000 (1990) +24.8%
8,549,000 (2000) +20.4%
10,000,000 (2010) +17.0%
11,403,000 (2020) +14.0%
*Entire island
including Dominican Republic on eve of discovery by Christopher Columbus
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Afro-Caribbean |
Mixed race |
|
1950 |
90.0 |
10.0 |
|
1970 |
94.5 |
5.0 |
|
2010 |
95.0 |
5.0 |
Religion, %
|
|
Christian Protestant |
Christian* R C |
Voodoo** |
|
1900 |
4.7 |
95.2 |
|
|
1970 |
11.6 |
84.3 |
|
|
1980 |
|
90.0 |
|
|
1990 |
|
80.0 |
|
|
2000 |
|
60.0 |
65.0 |
|
2010 |
26.9 |
58.6 |
|
|
2015 |
28.5 |
54.7 |
|
*Most of these in fact also practice Voodoo
**Recognised as an official religion in 2000. Voodoo was the target of a vigorous anti-superstition campaign by the Catholic Church in 1941, and practice of Voodoo was a criminal offence 1942-46, until relegalised by President Estime.
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1952 |
|
44.0 (+16.0) |
222.0 |
28.0 |
39.5 |
4.1 |
12.2 |
|
1962 |
6.3 |
42.0 (+20.7) |
185.0 |
21.3 |
40.9 |
3.3 |
16.4 |
|
1970 |
5.8 |
39.0 (+21.0) |
160.6 |
18.0 |
41.8 |
3.7 |
19.8 |
|
1980 |
6.1 |
42.0 (+26.0) |
128.0 |
16.0 |
41.1 |
4.1 |
20.5 |
|
1990 |
5.4 |
37.0 (+23.9) |
100.4 |
13.1 |
43.1 |
4.0 |
28.5 |
|
2000 |
4.3 |
31.0 (+20.1) |
75.0 |
10.9 |
40.3 |
4.1 |
35.6 |
|
2010 |
3.3 |
27.0 (+17.8) |
85.6* |
9.2 |
36.3 |
4.5 |
47.5 |
|
2015 |
3.1 |
24.5 (+15.8) |
53.3 |
8.7 |
34.4 |
4.6 |
52.4 |
|
2017 |
3.0 |
24.8 (+16.3) |
50.8 |
8.5 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
49.5 |
|
33.2 |
4.9 |
55.3 |
*A severe earthquake struck Haiti
in 2010; the trend infant mortality for 2010 was around 58.8
Life expectancy,
37.6 (1952); 36.0 (M), 39.0 (F)
42.1 (1960); 40.8 (M), 43.4 (F)
47.2 (1970); 45.9 (M), 48.5 (F)
50.8 (1980); 49.4 (M), 52.3 (F)
54.6 (1990); 53.1 (M), 56.1 (F)
57.7 (2000); 55.9 (M), 59.5 (F)
61.3 (2010); 59.2 (M), 63.3 (F)
64.1 (2020); 61.9 (M), 66.3 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Cap Haitien |
Goniaves |
Les Cayes |
PORT AU PRINCE1 |
PORT AU PRINCE (MA) |
|
1900 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
1913 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
1936 |
12 |
11 |
|
115 |
|
|
1950 |
24 |
14 |
12 |
136 |
|
|
1962 |
30 |
14 |
14 |
250 |
|
|
1971 |
44 |
29 |
23 |
420 |
|
|
1983 |
|
|
|
|
719 |
|
1988 |
55 |
37 |
|
|
|
|
1995 |
101 |
63 |
46 |
|
|
|
2003 |
111 |
105 |
48 |
703 |
1,977 |
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
2,143 |
|
2015 |
274 |
300 MA |
87 |
1,235 |
2,619 |
1Port au Prince was made the capital in 1749
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1954 |
60 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
1965 |
353 |
0.05 |
68 |
1.78 |
|
1970 |
340 |
0.03 |
75 |
1.43 |
|
1975 |
770 |
0.05 |
155 |
1.98 |
|
1980 |
1,410 |
0.05 |
260 |
2.06 |
|
1985 |
1,900 |
0.05 |
321 |
1.76 |
|
1990 |
2,160 |
0.04 |
360 |
1.50 |
|
1995 |
2,650 |
0.04 |
395 |
1.31 |
|
2000 |
3,953 |
0.04 |
462 |
1.27 |
|
2005 |
4,300 |
0.03 |
465 |
1.05 |
|
2010 |
6,593 |
0.04 |
662 |
1.37 |
|
2015 |
8,724 |
0.05 |
815 |
1.45 |
|
2016 |
8,022 |
0.04 |
739 |
1.29 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
80.0 |
|
6.0 |
|
14.0 |
|
1980 |
31.5 |
74.0 |
20.0 |
6.5 |
48.5 |
19.5 |
|
1990 |
32.0 |
68.0 |
21.0 |
9.0 |
47.0 |
23.0 |
|
2000 |
29.0 |
66.0 |
20.0 |
9.0 |
51.0 |
25.0 |
|
2010 |
23.0 |
38.1 |
20.0 |
11.5 |
57.0 |
50.4 |
|
2016 |
22.2 |
|
20.3 |
|
57.5 |
|
Communications
Language Official;
Creole, French
Creole, 90.0% (1980, 1990)
French, 10.0% (1980); 42.0% (1995)
Literacy
11.0% (1950)
15.0% (1960)
23.0% (1971)
34.7% (1980); 37.1% (M), 32.5% (F)
37.5% (1985); 40.0% (M), 35.0% (F)
45.0% (1995); 48.0% (M), 42.0% (F)
50.8% (2000); 52.9% (M), 48.9% (F)
52.9% (2010); 54.8% (M), 51.2% (F)
60.7% (2015); 64.3% (M), 57.3% (F)
Physical communications � roads, railways
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
|
1940 |
1,560 |
|
|
|
|
253 |
|
1962 |
|
443 |
|
|
|
|
|
1964 |
|
|
6,900 |
5,100 |
1,800 |
354 |
|
1970 |
3,000 |
|
|
14,700 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
|
18,700 |
2,400 |
|
|
1978 |
|
|
21,500 |
|
|
|
|
1985 |
|
|
50,000 |
30,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
3,200 |
600 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
1996 |
|
|
|
32,000 |
21,000 |
0 |
|
2000 |
4,160 |
1,010 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
58,100 |
39,100 |
0 |
|
2005 |
|
|
73,000 |
|
|
0 |
|
2013 |
6,050 |
3,000 |
81,000 |
|
|
0 |
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1959
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1938 |
|
|
2,700 |
|
|
|
|
1940 |
2,900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1946 |
|
|
3,200 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
4,000 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
|
21,000 |
|
|
|
|
1967 |
4,335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
95,000 |
14,000 |
|
|
|
1977 |
17,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
20,000 |
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
55,000 |
|
290,000 |
30,000 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
|
380,000 |
35,000 |
|
|
|
1998 |
|
10,000 |
415,000 |
|
|
2,000 |
|
2000 |
72,500 |
55,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
55,000 |
|
80,000 |
|
2004 |
|
400,000 |
|
|
|
500,000 |
|
2009 |
108,300 |
3,648,000 |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
2010 |
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
2012 |
50,000 |
6,504,000 |
|
|
|
1,282,700 |
Tourism: Visitors to Haiti,
43,842 (1967)
51,156 (1968)
280,000 (1976)
221,094 (1984)
144,000 (1990)
145,000 (1995)
140,000 (2000)
112,267 (2005)
255,000 (2010)
516,000 (2015)