Page last modified 19 August 2023
83) Ethiopia
Community
Area 1,104,300 square kilometres (land area 1,000,000 square kilometres)
Population,
4,000,000 (1905)
9,500,000 (1939)
19,000,000 (1950)
22,100,000 (1960) +16.3%
28,400,000 (1970) +28.5%
35,250,000 (1980) +24.1%
42,019,418 (1984)*
48,090,000 (1990) +38.7%
66,500,000 (2000) +36.0%
87,700,000 (2010) +31.9%
114,964,000 (2020) +31.1%
*1st census in Ethiopia. (39,570,266 without Eritrea). Eritrea, having federated with Ethiopia in 1950, fought a long war for independence from the late 1950s, and gained international recognition as a separate state in 1993.
Ethnicity
|
|
Amhara |
Oromo |
Somali |
Tigre |
|
1992 |
25.0 |
40.0 |
|
12.0 |
|
1996 |
30.0 |
31.0 |
4.0 |
7.0 |
|
2007 |
26.9 |
34.5 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
Religion,
|
|
Animist |
Christian R C |
Christian Protestant |
Christian Eth. Orth. |
Muslim Sunni |
|
1900 |
37.1 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
36.3 |
|
|
1948 |
26.0 |
|
|
57.0 |
17.0 |
|
1970 |
14.2 |
0.7 |
3.6 |
|
31.0 |
|
1990 |
11.0 |
|
|
52.0 |
31.0 |
|
2000 |
|
|
|
59.0 |
32.0 |
|
2007 |
2.6 |
0.7 |
13.6 |
43.5 |
33.9 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1952 |
|
52.0 (+20.0) |
190.0 |
32.0 |
44.2 |
3.0 |
5.9 |
|
1962 |
6.9 |
50.0 (+26.0) |
|
24.0 |
43.6 |
2.6 |
6.9 |
|
1972 |
7.1 |
48.0 (+27.0) |
160.0 |
21.0 |
44.5 |
2.8 |
8.9 |
|
1980 |
7.3 |
47.0 (+26.0) |
143.0 |
21.0 |
45.1 |
3.2 |
10.4 |
|
1990 |
7.2 |
48.0 (+30.0) |
121.0 |
18.0 |
46.3 |
3.1 |
12.6 |
|
2000 |
6.5 |
42.0 (+28.0) |
88.0 |
14.0 |
46.5 |
3.1 |
14.7 |
|
2010 |
5.1 |
34.8 (+26.4) |
54.8 |
8.4 |
44.5 |
3.3 |
17.3 |
|
2015 |
4.6 |
32.3 (+25.3) |
43.8 |
7.0 |
41.6 |
3.5 |
19.5 |
|
2017 |
4.4 |
32.8 (+26.1) |
40.6 |
6.7 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
39.1 |
|
40.8 |
3.5 |
20.8 |
Life expectancy,
32.9 (1952); 31.0 (M), 34.0 (F)
38.4 (1960); 37.0 (M); 39.9 (F)
42.9 (1970); 41.5 (M), 44.5 (F)
43.7 (1980); 42.3 (M), 45.2 (F)
47.1 (1990); 45.6 (M), 48.7 (F)
51.9 (2000); 50.6 (M), 53.3 (F)
61.6 (2010); 60.0 (M), 63.3 (F)
66.7 (2020); 64.8 (M), 68.6 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
ADDIS ABABA1 |
Dire Dawa |
Harar |
Jimma |
|
1940 |
150 |
30 |
25 |
|
|
1958 |
400 |
40 |
40 |
8 |
|
1967 |
644 |
51 |
43 |
31 |
|
1980 |
1,227 |
82 |
63 |
64 |
|
1984 |
|
98 |
|
|
|
1990 |
1,700 |
|
|
|
|
1994 |
2,113 |
165 |
123 |
120 |
|
2000 |
2,550 |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
233 |
|
|
|
2009 |
4,600 MA |
1,275 MA |
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
152 |
208 |
1Addis Ababa was chosen by Emperor Menelik as the new capital of Ethiopia in 1886; before this it had been a small village.� The name means �New Flower� in Amharic.� The city grew rapidly after the railway from Djibouti reached here in 1917.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1965 |
942 |
0.13 |
56 |
1.46 |
|
1970 |
2,190 |
0.21 |
75 |
1.43 |
|
1975 |
3,280 |
0.20 |
100 |
1.28 |
|
1980 |
5,050 |
0.18 |
136 |
1.08 |
|
1985 |
9,480 |
0.23 |
232 |
1.27 |
|
1990 |
12,175 |
0.21 |
253 |
1.06 |
|
1995 |
7,663 |
0.10 |
133 |
0.44 |
|
2000 |
8,242 |
0.08 |
124 |
0.34 |
|
2005 |
12,400 |
0.09 |
162 |
0.37 |
|
2010 |
29,933 |
0.20 |
340 |
0.70 |
|
2015 |
64,450 |
0.36 |
646 |
1.15 |
|
2016 |
72,375 |
0.39 |
707 |
1.23 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
90.0 |
|
5.0 |
|
5.0 |
|
1970 |
|
85.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
48.0 |
80.0 |
16.0 |
7.0 |
36.0 |
13.0 |
|
1990 |
42.0 |
88.0 |
11.0 |
5.0 |
40.0 |
10.0 |
|
2000 |
|
|
11.0 |
|
37.0 |
|
|
2010 |
42.9 |
85.0 |
13.7 |
5.0 |
43.4 |
10.0 |
|
2013 |
|
72.7 |
|
7.4 |
|
19.9 |
|
2016 |
37.2 |
|
21.3 |
|
41.5 |
|
Communications
Language, %, Official; Amharic.�
|
|
Amharic |
Oromo |
Sidamo |
Somali |
Tigrinya |
|
2007 |
29.3 |
33.8 |
4.0 |
6.3 |
5.9 |
Literacy
15.0% (1980)
24.2% (1985)
35.0% (1990)
35.5% (1995); 45.5% (M), 25.3% (F)
40.3% (2000); 48.1% (M), 32.4% (F)
49.1% (2015); 57.2% (M), 41.1% (F)
Physical communications � roads, Separation of Eritrea in 1991. First railway opened 1900, from Djibouti to Dire Dawa.� Extended to Addis Ababa in June 1917.
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways |
|
1900 |
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
1910 |
|
|
|
|
|
204 |
|
1920 |
|
|
|
|
|
680 |
|
1930 |
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
1948 |
15,500 |
|
|
3,100 |
2,900 |
|
|
1955 |
|
|
19,300 |
|
|
680 |
|
1960 |
|
|
22,500 |
13,000 |
|
|
|
1962 |
22,370 |
|
|
|
4,532 |
|
|
1977 |
23,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 |
|
|
|
34,430 |
5,500 |
|
|
1984 |
30,000 |
|
|
41,300 |
8,800 |
|
|
1986 |
|
|
64,000 |
44,000 |
12,000 |
|
|
1988 |
37,871 |
3,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
29,000 |
4,300 |
|
47,715 |
23,432 |
|
|
2000 |
31,571 |
|
|
59,048 |
34,355 |
|
|
2004 |
36,469 |
6,980 |
|
69,000 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
128,000 |
70,900 |
|
680 |
|
2010 |
|
|
135,000 |
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
151,000 |
|
|
|
|
2015 |
|
14,354 |
|
84,000 |
|
659 |
Electronic communications, TV broadcasting began in Addis Ababa in 1964, serving about a 160 km radius,� Broadcasts began from Asmara in 1977.
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1947 |
2,000* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
13,000 |
|
|
|
|
1959 |
9,779 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
|
85,000 |
|
|
|
|
1961 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
|
1862 |
13,162 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 |
32,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 |
|
|
215,000 |
25,000 |
|
|
|
1980 |
64,065 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 |
|
|
300,000 |
40,000 |
|
|
|
1986 |
|
|
2,000,000 |
45,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
125,400 |
|
9,300,000 |
180,000 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
|
10,900,000 |
250,000 |
|
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
35,000 |
3,000 |
|
1999 |
|
6,740 |
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
232,000 |
17,750 |
11,800,000 |
370,000 |
60,000 |
10,000 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
140,000 |
50,000 |
|
2005 |
|
410,000 |
|
650,000 |
|
200,000 |
|
2010 |
930,000 |
6,517,000 |
|
|
|
550,000 |
|
2016 |
1,147,000 |
51,224,000 |
|
|
|
15,731,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
16,037,811 |
*Addis Ababa area only
Tourism: Visitors to Ethiopia,
50,220 (1974)
55,000 (1982)
59,000 (1986)
79,000 (1990)
103,000 (1995)
136,000 (2000)
227,398 (2005)
468,000 (2010)
864,000 (2015)