Page
last modified 19 August 2023
Czechia (Czechoslovakia)
Community
On 1 January 1993 Czechoslovakia amicably split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia; the so-called �Velvet Divorce�. In 2016 the country revived an older name, Czechia.
Area
127,881 square kilometres (Czechoslovakia)
78,867 square kilometres (Czech Republic) (land area 77,247 square kilometres)
Population,
At the close of World War Two, some 3,000,000 Germans left the Sudetenland areas of Czechoslovakia bordering on Germany; they were replaced by some 2,250,000 Czechs who migrated to these areas either from abroad or from other parts of Czechoslovakia.� Therefore� the total population of Czechoslovakia declined in the years immediately following World War Two.
Czechoslovakia
13,400,000
(1920)
14,729,536
(1930)
13,452,980
(1946)
12,338,000
(1950)
13,648,874
(1960)
14,344,987
(1970)
15,283,095
(1980)
15,597,000
(1988)
Czechia
8,925,000 (1950)
9,602,000 (1960) +7.6%
9,958,000 (1970) -0.4%
10,304,000 (1980) +3.5%
10,341,200 (1990) +0.4%
10,255,000 (2000) -0.8%
10,474,000 (2010) +2.1%
10,698,900 (2020) +2.1%
Ethnicity , Figures before 1990 for Czechoslovakia. Figures after 1990 for Czechia.
|
|
Czech |
German |
Hungarian |
Moravian |
Polish |
Slovak |
Ukr. |
|
1920 |
53.8 |
25.0* |
5.4 |
|
|
15.4 |
|
|
1930 |
|
22.5* |
4.9 |
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
1958 |
66.2 |
1.2 |
3.1 |
|
0.6 |
28.0 |
0.6 |
|
1970 |
62.5 |
|
4.0 |
|
0.5 |
29.0 |
0.4 |
|
1988 |
31.5 |
0.4 |
3.8 |
13.2 |
0.5 |
31.5 |
|
|
1991 |
81.2 |
|
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
2001 |
90.4 |
0.4 |
|
3.7 |
0.5 |
1.9 |
|
|
2011 |
63.7** |
0.2 |
|
5.0 |
0.4 |
1.4 |
|
*Germans mainly in the Sudetenland area
**On the 2011 Census, �nationality� was optional and 26.0% of respondents left this blank
Religion, Data for 1900-1990 are for Czechoslovakia within 1921-onwards borders
|
|
Agnostic & Atheist |
Christian Protestant |
Christian R C |
Jewish |
No religion declared |
|
1900 |
0.1 |
6.8 |
90.1 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
|
1910 |
|
6.8 |
90.2 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
|
1930 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
77.0 |
1.9 |
|
|
1947 |
|
9.0 |
69.0 |
0.5 |
|
|
1970 |
8.4 |
7.4 |
51.6 |
0.1 |
10.6 |
|
1990 |
39.0 |
3.7 |
39.0 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
2.1 |
26.8 |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
0.8 |
10.5 |
0.0* |
86.7** |
*The Jewish population was almost all annihilated in the Holocaust. In 2005 there were an estimated 4,000 Jews in Czechia
**An estimated 34.5% of total population were actually Atheist or Agnostic
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1912 |
|
29.6 (+9.2) |
|
20.4 |
|
|
|
|
1930 |
|
20.0 (+6.0) |
|
14.0 |
|
|
22.6 |
|
1950 |
|
24.0 (+12.5) |
|
11.5 |
25.9 |
7.6 |
42.1 |
|
1960 |
|
|
|
9.8 |
25.7 |
9.4 |
59.5 |
|
1965 |
2.1 |
16.4 (+5.7) |
25.5 |
10.7 |
23.1 |
10.6 |
62.0 |
|
1970 |
2.1 |
15.0 (+2.5) |
21.0 |
12.5 |
21.2 |
12.1 |
64.4 |
|
1980 |
2.1 |
14.0 (+1.0) |
17.0 |
13.0 |
|
13.6 |
62.2 |
|
1980 |
2.1 |
14.9 (+1.7) |
14.0 |
13.2 |
23.4 |
12.7 |
75.2 |
|
1990 |
1.9 |
13.0 (+0.5) |
10.3 |
12.5 |
21.6 |
11.6 |
75.2 |
|
2000 |
1.1 |
9.1 (-1.6) |
4.5 |
10.6 |
16.4 |
13.8 |
74.0 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
11.0 (+0.9) |
2.7 |
10.2 |
14.2 |
15.4 |
73.3 |
|
2015 |
1.5 |
10.5 (0.0) |
2.5 |
10.5 |
15.1 |
18.0 |
73.0 |
|
2017 |
1.6 |
10.8 (+0.3) |
2.6 |
10.5 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
2.7 |
|
15.6 |
19.4 |
73.8 |
Life expectancy,
53.1
(1930); 51.9 (M), 55.2 (F)
65.9 (1952); 64.0 (M), 68.0 (F)
70.4 (1960); 67.5 (M), 73.3 (F)
69.4 (1970); 66.1 (M), 73.0 (F)
70.3 (1980); 66.8 (M), 73.9 (F)
71.4 (1990); 67.5 (M), 75.4 (F)
75.0 (2000); 71.7 (M), 78.4 (F)
77.4 (2010); 74.4 (M), 80.6 (F)
79.4 (2020); 76.8 (M), 82.0 (F)
Population of principal cities, MA -= Metropolitan Area
|
|
Brno1 |
Olomouc |
Ostrava2 |
Plzen |
PRAGUE3 |
|
1380 |
|
|
|
|
40,000 |
|
1500 |
|
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
1610 |
|
|
|
|
60,000 |
|
1800 |
|
|
|
|
70,000 |
|
1850 |
|
|
|
|
117,000 |
|
1870 |
75,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
1880 |
82,660 |
|
|
|
293,822 |
|
1890 |
94,462 |
|
|
|
310,483 |
|
1900 |
103,942 |
|
|
|
385,240 |
|
1920 |
221,758 |
|
113,709 |
108,023 |
676,663 |
|
1930 |
271,521 |
|
191,522 |
126,615 |
848,823 |
|
1950 |
284,956 |
|
183,662 |
124,339 |
932,659 |
|
1960 |
310,000 |
74,000 |
225,000 |
137,000 |
1,010,000 |
|
1970 |
350,000 |
80,000 |
285,000 |
150,000 |
1,060,000 |
|
1980 |
373,000 |
103,000 |
325,000 |
169,000 |
1,175,000 |
|
1990 |
391,000 |
107,000 |
331,000 |
175,000 |
1,215,000 |
|
2000 |
371,000 |
104,000 |
314,000 |
166,000 |
1,200,000 |
|
2006 |
367,000 |
|
310,000 |
163,000 |
1,183,570 |
|
2016 |
810,000 MA |
100,100 |
1,164,318 MA |
169,033 |
2,150,000 MA |
1Brno was founded in the 9th century BC by Celtic tribes, its name derives from �brynn�, meaning �hill city�.
2Ostrava is an industrial city; a steelworks was set up here in the 19th century, funded by the Rothschild family in Vienna.� Under Communist rule a steelworks was built at Nova Huta in 1951, using iron ore from Krivoi Rog in the Ukraine.
3Prague was the residence of the princes of Bohemia.� In 1918 Prague became the capital of Czechoslovakia.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values), Figures before 1990 for Czechoslovakia.
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1948 |
4,240 |
1.90 |
345 |
22.63 |
|
1966 |
14,000 |
2.49 |
1,010 |
|
|
1976 |
57,200 |
|
|
|
|
1979 |
|
|
5,290 |
|
|
1984 |
|
|
8,280 |
|
|
1989 |
154,000 |
|
|
|
|
1990 |
|
|
3,140 |
|
|
1990 |
40,315 |
0.69 |
3,901 |
16.28 |
|
1995 |
59,500 |
0.80 |
5,042 |
16.77 |
|
2000 |
61,500 |
0.62 |
6,000 |
16.46 |
|
2005 |
136,000 |
1.04 |
13,300 |
30.02 |
|
2010 |
207,000 |
1.38 |
19,760 |
40.85 |
|
2015 |
185,200 |
1.03 |
17,550 |
31.22 |
|
2016 |
195,300 |
1.05 |
18,266 |
31.79 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1950 |
23.9 |
36.9 |
33.9 |
41.5 |
|
|
|
1960 |
|
26.0 |
|
46.0 |
|
28.0 |
|
1970 |
|
17.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
|
12.0 |
|
48.0 |
21.8 |
37.4 |
|
1990 |
6.6 |
10.0 |
40.0 |
41.0 |
33.1 |
49.0 |
|
2000 |
4.0 |
6.0 |
40.0 |
36.0 |
56.7 |
60.0 |
|
2010 |
2.2 |
3.1 |
38.3 |
38.6 |
59.5 |
58.3 |
|
2015 |
|
2.8 |
|
38.0 |
|
59.2 |
|
2016 |
2.5 |
|
17.5 |
|
60.0 |
|
Communications
Language Official; Czech
|
|
Czech |
German |
Hungarian |
Polish |
Slovak |
|
1948 |
67.0 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
0.7 |
25.0 |
|
1990 |
94.0 |
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
2001 |
90.4 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
Literacy
Czechoslovakia,
95.0% (1960)
99.9% (1988)
Czechia
99.9% (1990 and subsequent years)
Physical communications � roads and railways First railway built on the territory covered by Czechoslovakia opened 1839.
|
|
Roads (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
% electrified |
|
1840 |
|
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
1850 |
|
|
|
|
829 |
|
|
1860 |
|
|
|
|
1,208 |
|
|
1870 |
|
|
|
|
2,534 |
|
|
1880 |
|
|
|
|
6,276 |
|
|
1890 |
|
|
|
|
8,341 |
|
|
1900 |
|
|
|
|
10,922 |
|
|
1910 |
|
|
|
|
12,482 |
|
|
1920 |
|
|
|
|
12,721 |
|
|
1930 |
|
|
|
|
12,923 |
0.8 |
|
1940 |
|
|
|
|
12,951 |
|
|
1947 |
71,000 |
|
153,000 |
52,000 |
|
|
|
1949 |
|
224,000 |
161,000 |
63,000 |
13,240 |
|
|
1950 |
|
|
165,000 |
65,000 |
|
|
|
1957 |
|
|
|
75,000 |
13,168 |
2.1 |
|
1959 |
|
|
|
85,000 |
|
7.8 |
|
1967 |
73,057 |
|
375,000 |
|
13,197 |
16.4 |
|
1979 |
73,793 |
|
2,132,561 |
|
13,241 |
22.9 |
|
1988 |
75,050 |
3,175,000 |
2,750,000 |
|
13,116 |
26.9 |
|
1996 |
|
|
3,349,008 |
235,114 |
9,316 |
28.3 |
|
2000 |
55,489 |
|
3,647,067 |
323,434 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
4,931,000 |
4,280,000 |
555,200 |
9,621 |
31.1 |
|
2011 |
130,661 |
5,285,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
5,521,000 |
|
|
9,621 |
33.7 |
|
|
Roads (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways (km) |
% electrified |
Urban metro systems, kilometres
Prague Metro, (opened 1974)
40.0 (1993)
44.0 (2002)
59.3 (2010)
65.2 (2015)
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1948
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1938 |
220,510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1947 |
311,810 |
|
2,026,000 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
380,000 |
|
2,521,000 |
|
|
|
|
1957 |
|
|
|
518,987 |
|
|
|
1959 |
726,000 |
|
3,080,000 |
|
|
|
|
1962 |
1,114,000 |
|
3,132,000 |
1,355,607 |
|
|
|
1969 |
1,789,373 |
|
3,200,000 |
2,600,000 |
|
|
|
1979 |
3,072,829 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
1,178,732 |
|
3,880,000 |
4,100,000 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
|
4,200,000 |
4,350,000 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
|
|
|
60,000 |
|
|
1990 |
1,626,642 |
|
7,916,000 |
4,891,000 |
120,000 |
|
|
1991 |
|
1,242 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
48,900 |
8,184,000 |
5,430,000 |
550,000 |
|
|
1997 |
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
2000 |
3,871,651 |
4,346,000 |
8,230,000 |
5,900,000 |
1,250,000 |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,600,000 |
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
2,450,000 |
5,100,000 |
|
2005 |
3,217,300 |
11,775,900 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
2,092,000 |
|
|
|
|
6,681,000 |
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,900,000 |
|
2012 |
2,100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
1,682,194 |
12,485,000 |
|
|
|
8,141,000 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
9,323,000 |
Figures
for Czechoslovakia
Tourism: Visitors to Czechia,
11,785,733
(1974)
9,726,671
(1984)
6,126,000
(1987)
10,660,000
(1988)
3,381,000 (1995)
4,773,000 (2000)
6,336,000 (2005)
6,334,000 (2010)
8,707,000 (2015)
Figures
for Czechoslovakia