Page last modified 21 August 2023
70) Cuba
Community
Area 110,861 square kilometres (land area 109,821 square kilometres)
2,048,Population,�
161,670 (1774)
172,000 (1792)1
605,000 (1817)
1,007,624 (1850)2
1,631,687 (1887)
1,572,797 (1899)3
2,048,980 (1907)
4,227,587 (1938)
4,777,284 (1943)
5,829,029 (1953)
7,141,000 (1960)
8,715,000 (1970) +22.0%
9,835,000 (1980) +12.9%
10,582,000 (1990) +7.6%
11,151,000 (2000) +5.4%
11,226,000 (2010) +0.7%
11,327,000 (2020) +0.9%
1This included� 96,400 Whites, 31,000 free Black and Asian people, and 44,000 slaves.
2 Including 440,000 slaves.
3Decrease due to war with USA.
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Black |
Mixed race |
White |
|
1850 |
|
|
56.0 |
|
1900 |
|
|
67.1 |
|
1907 |
29.7 (inc. mixed race) |
|
69.7 |
|
1953 |
11.0 |
|
|
|
1970 |
12.0 |
15.0 |
72.0 |
|
1988 |
12.0 |
21.9 |
66.0 |
|
2002 |
10.1 |
24.8 |
65.1 |
|
2012 |
9.3 |
26.9 |
64.1 |
Religion, Under Communism, religion was discouraged. Religious freedom has increased since the 1980s, with Protestant house churches expanding rapidly in the 1990s. The State ceased to be constitutionally atheist in 1992. Papal visits to Cuba in 1998, 2011 and 2015 boosted the Catholic faith there. Many Cuban Christians also adhere to elements of Animist/Folk religion. There were an estimated 500 Jews in Cuba in 2012.
|
|
Folk/ Animist |
Christian Protestant |
Christian R C |
Jewish |
No religious affiliation |
|
1900 |
2.0 |
0.2 |
96.9 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
|
1947 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
1970 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
40.0 |
0.0 |
44.3 |
|
1990 |
|
|
39.0 |
|
42.0 |
|
2010 |
17.0 |
5.0 |
55.0 |
|
23.0 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1907 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
30.3 |
|
1931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
51.0 |
|
1952 |
|
30.0 (+19.0) |
82.0 |
11.0 |
36.2 |
4.5 |
56.5 |
|
1963 |
5.3 |
35.0 (+26.7) |
42.0 |
8.3 |
36.2 |
4.8 |
59.0 |
|
1970 |
4.0 |
27.0 (+20.3) |
38.0 |
6.7 |
37.6 |
5.8 |
60.3 |
|
1980 |
1.9 |
16.0 (+10.1) |
17.0 |
5.9 |
31.7 |
7.8 |
68.1 |
|
1990 |
1.8 |
17.0 (+10.0) |
11.0 |
7.0 |
23.2 |
8.8 |
73.4 |
|
2000 |
1.6 |
12.4 (+5.3) |
6.8 |
7.1 |
21.8 |
9.8 |
75.3 |
|
2010 |
1.6 |
11.0 (+3.7) |
4.7 |
7.3 |
17.3 |
12.5 |
76.6 |
|
2015 |
1.7 |
11.0 (+3.1) |
4.1 |
7.9 |
16.6 |
13.9 |
76.9 |
|
2016 |
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
14.3 |
|
|
2017 |
1.6 |
10.4 (+2.3) |
3.8 |
8.1 |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
3.7 |
|
16.2 |
15.2 |
77.0 |
Life expectancy,
59.2 (1952); 58.0 (M), 61.0 (F)
63.9 (1960); 62.3 (M), 65.6 (F)
69.9 (1970); 68.3 (M), 71.5 (F)
73.8 (1980); 72.2 (M), 75.6 (F)
74.6 (1990); 72.8 (M), 76.6 (F)
76.6 (2000); 74.7 (M), 78.6 (F)
78.9 (2010); 76.9 (M), 81.1 (F)
78.9 (2020); 76.9 (M), 80.9 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s
|
|
Camaguey |
Guantanamo |
HAVANA1 |
Holguin |
Santa Clara |
Santiago De Cuba |
|
1791 |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
|
1811 |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
|
1841 |
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
|
1899 |
|
28 |
253 |
|
|
40 |
|
1907 |
30 |
|
297 |
|
|
45 |
|
1919 |
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
|
1931 |
|
|
543 |
|
|
|
|
1938 |
138 |
68 |
569 |
141 |
100 |
107 |
|
1943 |
|
|
676 |
|
|
118 |
|
1953 |
110 |
|
785 |
|
77 |
163 |
|
1960 |
191 |
125 |
1,750 |
|
|
166 |
|
1970 |
198 |
|
1,751 |
|
|
278 |
|
1980 |
251 |
170 |
1,925 |
191 |
173 |
351 |
|
1990 |
283 |
200 |
2,000 |
228 |
194 |
405 |
|
2002 |
302 |
208 |
2,201 |
270 |
210 |
423 |
|
2009 |
|
|
2,141 |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
322 |
217 |
|
346 |
242 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
2,106 |
|
|
431 |
1Havana was founded in 1515 by the Spaniard Diego de Velazquez, and was declared the capital in 1607.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values).
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1948 |
1,550 |
0.69 |
296 |
19.41 |
|
1956 |
2,000 |
0.56 |
|
|
|
1966 |
2,500 |
0.31 |
320 |
7.72 |
|
1970 |
5,693 |
0.55 |
653 |
12.45 |
|
1975 |
13,027 |
0.80 |
1,380 |
17.65 |
|
1980 |
19,912 |
0.71 |
2,024 |
16.07 |
|
1985 |
22,920 |
0.54 |
2,273 |
12.44 |
|
1990 |
28,645 |
0.49 |
2,700 |
11.27 |
|
1995 |
30,430 |
0.41 |
2,790 |
9.28 |
|
2000 |
30,565 |
0.31 |
2,740 |
7.52 |
|
2005 |
42,643 |
0.33 |
3,780 |
8.53 |
|
2010 |
64,328 |
0.43 |
5,675 |
11.73 |
|
2015 |
80,656 |
0.45 |
7,050 |
12.54 |
|
2016 |
87,100 |
0.47 |
7,600 |
13.22 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
39.0 |
|
22.0 |
|
39.0 |
|
1970 |
|
30.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
14.0 |
23.0 |
53.2 |
29.0 |
32.8 |
48.0 |
|
2000 |
6.4 |
|
39.6 |
25.0 |
56.7 |
27.0 |
|
2010 |
4.2 |
20.0 |
27.2 |
19.4 |
72.9 |
60.6 |
|
2013 |
|
18.0 |
|
10.0 |
|
72.0 |
|
2016 |
3.9 |
|
22.0 |
|
74.8 |
|
Communications
Language Official, Spanish
Literacy
43.3% (1899)
56.6% (1907)
70.0% (1946)
75.0% (1959)
95.0% (1980)
95.5% (1985); 95.7% (M), 95.1% (F)
95.7% (1995); 96.2% (M), 95.3% (F)
96.8% (2000); 96.9% (M), 96.7% (F)
99.8% (2010); 99.8% (M), 99.8% (F)
99.8% (2015); 99.9% (M), 99.8% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1944 |
|
|
|
22,256 |
13,488 |
|
1949 |
|
2,800 |
|
|
|
|
1952 |
|
|
|
86,464 |
37,215 |
|
1956 |
|
|
190,000 |
139,100 |
|
|
1960 |
|
|
|
173,538 |
46,786 |
|
1962 |
13,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
1965 |
|
|
265,700 |
|
|
|
1975 |
31,024 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
|
8,800 |
|
|
|
|
1997 |
|
|
|
172,500 |
156,000 |
|
2000 |
60,858 |
29,820 |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
410,000 |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
430,000 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
435,000 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
463,000 |
|
|
|
2014 |
|
|
600,000 |
|
|
Railways First railway opened 1837
|
|
Length km (public lines) |
% electrified |
Sugar plantation lines |
|
1900 |
2,500 |
|
|
|
1943 |
4,872 |
|
4,627 |
|
1962 |
5,942 |
|
12,067 |
|
1965 |
5,976 |
|
12,135 |
|
1978 |
5,325 |
|
9,441 |
|
1988 |
4,820 |
3.0 |
7,743 |
|
2000 |
4,807 |
3.1 |
7,162 |
|
2005 |
4,066 |
|
7,162 |
|
2010 |
3,789 |
4.6 |
4,533 |
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1950
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1938 |
49,908 |
|
125,000 |
|
|
|
|
1942 |
68,483 |
|
250,000 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
575,000 |
|
|
|
|
1958 |
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
1960 |
170,092 |
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
1961 |
208,217 |
|
1,300,000 |
500,000 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1978 |
|
|
2,100,000 |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
220,000 |
|
2,600,000 |
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
336,650 |
|
3,650,000 |
1,770,000 |
|
|
|
1992 |
|
234 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
1,940 |
3,850,000 |
2,500,000 |
|
|
|
1997 |
|
|
3,900,000 |
2,640,000 |
60,000 |
|
|
2000 |
488,600 |
6,536 |
5,320,000 |
2,800,000 |
135,000 |
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
|
|
12,000 |
|
2005 |
|
134,500 |
|
3,000,000 |
377,000 |
190,000 |
|
2010 |
1,195,000 |
1,003,000 |
|
|
|
1,606,000 |
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,100,000 |
|
2016 |
1,322,000 |
3,987,900 |
|
|
|
4,334,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Cuba, Note effects of Cuban missile crisis
1962
280,000 (1957)
15,000 (1971)
65,000 (1976)
149,000 (1982)
200,000 (1985)
327,000 (1990)
742,000 (1995)
1,741,000 (2000)
2,261,000 (2005)
2,507,000 (2010)
3,491,000 (2015)
(1) Mainly from Canada