Page last modified 19 August 2023

Canada � see below for individual States

Community

Area 9,984,670 square kilometres (land area 9,093,507 square kilometres)

Population,

240,000 (1800)*

433,000 (1807)

581,920 (1825)

2,436,297 (1851)

3,229,633 (1861) +32.6%

3,689,257 (1871) +14.2%

4,324,810 (1881) +17.2%

4,833,239 (1891) +11.8%

5,371,315 (1901) +11.1%

7,206,643 (1911) +34.1%

8,787,949 (1921) +21.9%

10,376,786 (1931) +18.1%

11,506,655 (1941) +10.9%

14,009,429 (1951) +21.8%

17,909,000 (1960) +27.8%

21,324,000 (1970) +19.1%

24,516,000 (1980) +15.0%

27,691,000 (1990) +13.0%

30,685,000 (2000) +10.8%

34,005,000 (2010) +10.8%

38,005,000 (2020) +11.8%

*Excluding Amerindian population

Ethnicity, %

	Asian	Black	Canadian Indigenous	European	Latin American	Mixed race
2011	14.2	2.9	4.3	76.7	1.2	0.5

Religion, %

	Christian Anglican	Christian R C	Christian United Ch Canada	Hindu	Jewish	Muslim	None
1891	13.3	42.1
1901	12.7	41.5		0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2
1941	15.2	41.7	19.2		1.5
1961	13.0	46.0	20.0
1970	11.9	46.2		0.1	1.4	0.2	3.0
1990	10.0	45.0	15.0
2001		42.6				1.9	16.5
2011	5.0	38.7	6.1	1.5	1.1	3.2	23.9

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1851				22.0			13.0
1861							16.0
1871							19.0
1881							25.0
1891							31.0
1901					34.6		37.0
1911							45.0
1921		29.3					49.0
1930			81.0	11.0			53.7
1933		21.4 (+11.7)		9.7
1940		23.0					54.3
1945			51.0
1950		28.0 (+19.0)	37.0	9.0	29.7	7.5	61.7
1960	3.8	27.5 (+19.7)	27.8	7.8	33.6	7.7	69.0
1970	2.3	17.0 (+9.8)	19.0	7.3	30.2	8.0	75.6
1980	1.7	15.5 (+8.4)	10.0	7.1	22.8	9.4	75.7
1990	1.5	15.0 (+7.6)	7.0	7.3	20.7	11.3	76.6
2000	1.5	11.0 (+3.9)	5.0	7.1	19.1	12.6	79.5
2010	1.7	10.3 (+3.1)	4.9	7.1	16.5	14.2	80.9
2015	1.6	10.9 (+3.4)	4.6	7.5	16.0	16.1	81.3
2017	1.5	10.3 (+2.8)	4.4	7.5
2018			4.3		15.9	17.2	81.4

Life expectancy,

58.7 (1928); 57.7 (M), 59.7 (F)

59.9 (1931); 59.0 (M), 60.7 (F)

64.5 (1941); 63.0 (M), 66.0 (F)

68.6 (1951); 66.3 (M), 70.8 (F)

71.1 (1960); 68.3 (M), 74.2 (F)

72.7 (1970); 69.3 (M), 76.3 (F)

75.1 (1980); 71.6 (M), 78.7 (F)

77.4 (1990); 74.3 (M), 80.7 (F)

79.2 (2000); 76.7 (M), 81.9 (F)

81.2 (2010); 79.1 (M), 83.4 (F)

82.5 (2020), 80.6 (M), 84.4 (F)

Population of principal cities

See individual provinces. National Capital, OTTAWA, see Ontario below.

Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)

	GDP, US$ million	Total GDP, % of USA	GDP per capita, US$	GDP per capita % of USA
1948	11,538	5.16	895	58.69
1956	23,000	6.42
1960	41,093	7.56	2,295	76.32
1965	53,909	7.25	2,740	71.58
1970	86,510	8.32	4,053	77.24
1975	170,960	10.46	7,359	94.10
1980	269,620	9.64	10.988	0.09
1985	355,290	8.43	13,780	75.43
1990	581,200	10.02	21,080	88.00
1995	588,070	7.95	20,143	66.99
2000	699,470	7.02	23,320	63.98
2005	1,115,200	8.52	36,190	81.68
2010	1,613,000	10.78	47,450	98.09
2015	1,553,000	8.61	43,315	77.06
2016	1,530,000	8.24	42,160	73.36

GDP by primary sector

	Agriculture % GDP	Agriculture % employed	Industry % GDP	Industry % employed	Services % GDP	Services % employed
1931		28.8
1941		24.0
1951		15.3
1960		13.0		34.0		52.0
1970		8.0
1980		6.0		29.0		66.0
1990	3.0	4.9	35.0	25.6	62.0	69.8
2010	2.0	2.0	28.0	22.0	71.0	76.0
2016	1.7		27.5		70.8

Communications

Language Official; English and French %

	Chinese	English	French
1851			36.0
1871			31.0
1901			30.7
1941		49.7	30.3
1961		59.0	28.1
1971			26.9
1991		60.5	23.8
2001	2.9	59.1	22.9
2006	3.2	58.8	21.6

Literacy

86.0% (1901)

99.0% (1980)

99.9% (1990 and after)

Physical communications � roads and railways, First steam railway opened 1836

	Roads (km)	Surfaced (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles	Railways (km)
1840						26
1847						83
1850						106
1860						3,325
1867						4,015
1870						4,213
1880						11,437
1890						21,173
1900						28,428
1910						39,817
1920						63,408
1930						67,696
1938	798,138		1,394,853			68,815
1940						68,530
1945				1,160,058		67,763
1950						69,196
1958		251,992	4,800,000	3,500,000	1,100,000	74,000
1961				4,325,682	1,156,979
1962						70,300
1975	872.071
1976				9,016,300	2.266,400
1978	890,000		12,975,449	9.744,994	2,770,798	70,300
1990	901,903	318,371	15,600,000	12,000,000	3,500,000
1998			17,988,000	13,887,000	3,626,000
2003			18,868,756	17,755,082
2008	1,042,300	415,600	20,520,000
2010			21,321,000
2013			22,334,000
2016			24,270,000

Electronic communications, �TV broadcasts began 1946; colour TV began 1966

	Telephones (landlines)	Mobile Telephones	Radios	Televisions	PCs	Internet Users
1938	1,359,417		1,104,207
1948	2,230,597		1,944,027
1950			5,070,000
1952				146,000
1956				2,300,000
1959	5,439,023
1960			8,050,000	3,930,000
1961	5,719,180			4,100,000
1971				7,610,000
1975	8,278,000
1980	9,979,000				100,000
1985		12,000			900,000
1990	15,295,820	584,000	28,461,000	17,019,000	2,900,000
1995		2,590,000	30,950,000	21,000,000	6,400,000	5,700,000
1998						6,300,000
2000	20,840,000	8,730,000	32,200,000	21,400,000	12,900,000
2005		16,600,000			22,500,000	20,000,000
2010	18,251,000	23,081,000				29,960,000
2012	18,010,000
2016	14,987,520	30,450,000				31,770,000

Tourism: Visitors to Canada,

15,043,000 (1987)

15,209,000 (1990)

16,932,000 (1995)

19,627,000 (2000)

18,771,000 (2005)

16,219,000 (2010)

17,971,000 (2015)

_____________________________________________________________________

44) Canada � Alberta

Community

Area 661,848 square kilometres (642,317 square kilometres land area)

Population,

18,075 (1881)

22,277 (1891)

73,022 (1901)

185,412 (1906)

372,919 (1911)

588,454 (1921)

731,605 (1931)

796,196 (1941)

939,501 (1951)

1,331,944 (1961)

1,627,874 (1971)

2,237,724 (1981)

2,545,553 (1991)

2,974,807 (2001)

3,645,257 (2011)

4,067,175 (2016)

4,417,000 (2020)

Nationality by birth, %,

	British	Canadian, inc indigenous	European	USA
1901	6.8	54.0	24.4	16.6

Religion, %

	Christian Anglican	Christian R C	Christian United Ch Canada	Other Protestant	Muslim	Sikh	No religion
1901		7.0		24.6
2011	3.9	24.3	7.5		3.2	1.5	31.6

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1901							25.0
1911							37.0
1921							38.0
1931							38.0
1941							38.5
1944		23.7 (+16.0)		7.7
1951							48.0
1954		31.8
1959		30.6 (+23.8)		6.8
1961							63.0
1971							73.0
1981							77.0
1991							80.0
1996							79.5
2001		11.5 (+5.6)		5.9			80.9
2005		11.9 (+6.9)		5.0			82.0
2006							82.1
2007		13.9 (+7.9)		6.0
2010	1.8		5.9				83.0
2014	1.7		5.1		18.3	11.4

Life Expectancy.

75.0 (1980)

77.8 (1990)

79.4 (2000)

81.2 (2010)

Population of principal cities,

	Calgary^1	EDMONTON^2
1900	3,800	2,500
1910	53,500	30,000
1941	88,904	93,817
1950		161,000
1956	200,450
1960		318,000
1971	403,319	438,152
1981	591,857	521,205
1991	710,677	616,741
2001	951,395 MA	937,845 MA
2011	1,160,000 MA	812,200
2016	1,392,600 MA	1,321,400 MA

¹Calgary was founded in 1875 as a fort for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Calgary saw rapid expansion after the railway arrived in 1884.�

²Fort Edmonton was built by the Hudson�s Bay Company in 1794 on a site 40 kilometres downriver from the present city.� Fort Edmonton was destroyed by the Indians in 1807, and the present settlement was founded in 1819, as a fur-trading station.� The discovery of oil and gas in the area in 1947 led to Edmonton�s rapid growth since then

Communications

Language, %

	Chinese	English	French	German	Punjabi
2006	3.0 MT	79.0 MT	1.9 MT	2.6 MT	1.1 MT

Physical communications � roads and railways, First railway reached Calgary in 1883

	Roads (km)	Surfaced (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles	Railways (km)
1904						1,050
1945	130,561					9,314
1980	148,785	12,931				10,958
1981			1,897,924	1,123,174
1992		21,208	1,875,212	1,467,732		10,234
1997		23,146	1,962,789	1,549,662		8,395
2002			2,296,748
2003						7,136
2005	184,300		2,459,926
2015
2016			3,500,200

Urban metro systems (kilometres)

Calgary

29.2 (1992)

32.7 (2002)

35.7 (2005)

58.5 (2015)

Edmonton (opened 1978)

9.0 (1978)

9.0 (1980)

12.3 (1992, 2002)

24.3 (2015)

Electronic communications

Telephones,

87,975 (1944)

1,215,168 (1980)

1,526,252 (1992)

1,904,038 (1997)

1,998,366 (2002)

_____________________________________________________________________

45) Canada � British Columbia

Community

Area 944,735 square kilometres (925,186 square kilometres land area)

Population,

55,000 (1851)

51,524 (1861)

36,247 (1871)

65,954 (1881)*

92,767 (1891)

179,000 (1901)

392,500 (1911)

524,582 (1921)

694,263 (1931)

817,861 (1941)

1,165,210 (1951)

1,629,000 (1961)

2,184,600 (1971)

2,714,900 (1981)

3,282,061 (1991)

3,907,738 (2001)

4,400,057 (2011)

5,071,000 (2019)

*Including ca. 25,000 Amerindians.

Ethnicity

	Chinese	Amerindian
1901	7.1%	12.2%
1941	5.8%	3.0%

Religion, %

	Buddhist	Christian Protestant	Christian R C	Hindu	Jewish	Muslim	None
1901		55.9	18.8
1991	1.1	41.9	18.3	0.6	0.5	0.8	30.0
2001	2.2	31.4	17.2	0.8	0.5	1.5	35.1

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1861							0.0
1871							6.0
1881							18.0
1891							38.0
1901							50.0
1911							48.0
1921							53.0
1931							43.0
1941							46.0
1944		20.4 (+10.0)		10.4
1951							32.0
1959		25.5 (+16.4)		9.1
1961							27.0
1971							24.0
1981							22.0
1991							20.0
2001							15.0
2003		9.7 (+2.7)		7.0
2005		9.6 (+2.5)		7.1
2007		9.7 (+2.5)		7.2
2011	1.4		3.8				14.0
2014	1.4		4.3		14.6	17.0

Life Expectancy.

76.0 (1980)

78.1 (1990)

80.3 (2000)

82.1 (2010)

Population of principal cities, MA = Metropolitan Area

	Vancouver^1	VICTORIA^2
1881		5,925
1891	14,000
1901	26,133	20,816
1941	351,491 MA	75,218 MA
1946		87,400 MA
1950	543,000 MA	105,000� MA
1960	763,000 MA	148,000 MA
1970	990,000 MA	193,000 MA
1976	1,166,348 MA	218,250 MA
1991	1,602,502 MA	287,897 MA
1996	1,831,665 MA	304,290 MA
2001	1,986,965 MA	311,902 MA
2006	2,116,581 MA	330,088 MA
2010	2,197,000 MA
2016	2,463,431 MA	367,770 MA

¹Vancouver was founded in 1865.� It is named after Captain George Vancouver, who sailed into Burrard Inlet (now the site of Vancouver) in 1792.� The railway reached Vancouver in 1887.

²Victoria was founded as Fort Victoria in 1843 by the Hudson Bay Company

Communications

Language, %

	Chinese	English	Filipino	French	German	Punjabi
2006	8.5 MT	71.5 MT	1.3 MT	1.4 MT	2.2 MT	4.0 MT

Physical communications � roadand railways; The Canadian Pacific Railway reached British Columbia in 1885, ending the States relative isolation from the rest of Canada.

	Roads (km)	Surfaced (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles	Railways (km)
1907						2,619
1943						6,160
1981	42,399	19,538				7,891
1991	43,637	21,584	1,470,251	1,470,251	512,759	6,800
2001	42,440	23,710	1,765,000	1,765,000	581,000	6,880
2003			1,829,000	1,829,000	589,000
2007			1,995,000	1,995,000	664,000
2016			3,130,500

Urban metro systems, kilometres

Vancouver Metro, (opened 1985)

29.0 (2000)

50.0 (2004)

79.6 (2015)

Electronic communications

Telephones,

173,011 (1944)

960,728 (1968)

1,900,000 (1980)

2,000,000 (1991)

2,500,000 (1997)

Mobile telephones

800,000 (2000)

_____________________________________________________________________

46) Canada � Manitoba

Community

Area� 647,797 square kilometres (553,556 square kilometres land area)

Population,

25,000 (1870)

65,954 (1881)

152,506 (1891)

254,947 (1901)

610,118 (1921)

700,139 (1931)

729,744 (1941)

776,541 (1951)

921,686 (1961)

988,245 (1971)

1,031,000 (1981)

1,091,942 (1991)

1,208,268 (2011)

1.369,000 )2019)

Religion, %

	Buddhist	Christian	Hindu	Jewish	Muslim	Sikh	No Religion
2001	0.5	68.7	0.3	1.2	0.3	0.5	18.3

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1871							4.0
1881							16.0
1891							27.0
1901							28.0
1911							43.0
1921							43.0
1931							45.0
1941							44.1
1944		21.9 (+12.7)		9.2
1951							57.0
1959		25.8 (+17.4)		8.4
1961							64.0
1971							69.0
1981							71.0
1991							72.0
2002		12.4 (+3.8)		8.6			72.0
2005		11.8 (+3.2)		8.6
2007		12.4 (+4.0)		8.4
2010	1.9		6.7				72.0
2014	1.8		6.2		18.7	14.6

Life Expectancy.

75.3 (1980)

77.4(1990)

78.0 (2000)

79.9 (2010)

Population of principal cities

WINNIPEG, The name of Winnipeg derives from the Cree Indian words for �murky water�, referring to the Red River on which it stands.� Founded by the French explorer La Verendrye as a fur trading post called Fort Rouge in 1763, the city was soon abandoned.� In the early 1800s a fort, Fort Gibraltar, was erected here by the North

West Company.� This fort was renamed Fort Garry, and incorporated as the town of Winnipeg in 1873.� The city developed rapidly after the railway came in 1881

241 (1871)

1,861 (1873)

6,000 (1881)

25,642 (1891)

42,340 (1901)

90,216 (1906)

135,430 (1916)

221,960 (1941)

257,000 (1966)

619,544 (2001)

694,668 (2006)

705,250 (2016)

Metropolitan area,

290,540 (1941)

344,000 (1950)

462,000 (1960)

469,000 (1970)

578,000 (1976)

623,000 (1986)

652,355 (1991)

667,209 (1996)

671,274 (2001)

778,500 (2016)

Communications

Physical communications � road and railways

	Roads (km)	Surfaced (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles	Railways
1992	17,964
1993						4,470
1997	18,500
1998			777,222	446,415
2003				498,880		5,650
2016			857,000

Electronic communications

	Telephones (landlines)	Mobile Telephones	Radios	Televisions	PCs	Internet Users
1992	713,500
2002		230,000				115,000

_____________________________________________________________________

47) Canada � New Brunswick

Community

Area 72,098 square kilometres (71,450 square kilometres land area)

Population,

30,000 (1810)

156,162 (1840)

193,800 (1850)

252,047 (1861)

321,233 (1881)

321,263 (1891)

331,120 (1901)

387,876 (1921)

408,219 (1931)

457,401 (1941)

515,697 (1951)

597,936 (1961)

635,000 (1971)

696,493 (1981)

723,900 (1991)

729,498 (2001)

751,171 (2011)

776,827 (2019)

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1851							14.0
1861							13.0
1871							18.0
1881							18.0
1891							15.0
1901							23.0
1911							28.0
1921							32.0
1931							32.0
1941							31.0
1944		29.1 (+18.0)		11.1
1951							42.0
1959		27.9 (+19.9)		8.0
1961							46.0
1971		19.9 (+12.0)		7.9			57.0
1981							51.0
1991							48.0
2002		9.8 (+1.0)		8.8			50,0
2005		9.2 (-0.1)		9.3
2007		9.3 (+0.7)		8.6
2010	1.6		3.4				48.0
2014	1.6		4.1		14.6	18.3

Life Expectancy.

74.5 (1980)

77.3 (1990)

78.9 (2000)

80.7 (2010)

Population of principal cities, MA = Metropolitan Area

	FREDERICTON	Moncton	St John^1
1881			26,127
1891	6,502	8,765	39,179
1901	7,117	9,026	40,711
1941	22,763	22,763	51,741
1956			86,015 MA
1976	45,248	55,934	85,956 MA
1996	78,950 MA	113,491 MA	125,705 MA
2001	81,246 MA	117,727 MA	122,678 MA
2006	85,688 MA	126,424 MA	122,389 MA
2016	105,688 MA	144,810 MA	126,202 MA

¹St John stands on the estuary of the St John River, which was named� by Samuel de Champlain because he discovered this river on the Feast of St John the Baptist, 1604.

Communications

Language Official, English and (since 1993) French,

	Canadian Indigenous	Chinese	English	French	Korean
2011	0.4 MT	0.3 MT	65.6 MT	31.9 MT	0.3 MT

Physical communications � roads

	Roads (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles	Railways (km)
1941					2,940
1945	20,208
1979			250,388	95,010
1991			312,312
1998		442,283		131,841
2002		549,061	370,990	147,149
2005	21,423
2016		584,500

Electronic communications

Telephones,

447,721 (1991)

542,887 (1996)

_____________________________________________________________________

48) Canada � Newfoundland

Community

Area 405,212 square kilometres (373,872 square kilometres land area)

Population,

1.750 (1650)

2,280 (1676)

7,000 (1763)

20,000 (1804)

60,000 (1832)

75,094 (1836)

124,288 (1857)

122,252 (1861)

161,374 (1861)

168,958 (1874)

202,100 (1891)

217,037 (1901)

284,872 (1935)

318,177 (1945)

361,416 (1951)

457,853 (1961)

522,000 (1971)

567,681 (1981)

568,474 (1991)

512,930 (2001)

514,536 (2011)

521,542 (2019)

Religion, %

	Christian Protestant	Christian R C	No religion
2011	57.3	35.8	6.2

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1934		28.3 (+17.0)		11.3
1951							43.0
1959		33.0 (+25.9)		7.1
1961							51.0
1971							57.0
1981							59.0
1991							54.0
2002		8.9 (+0.7)		8.2			58.0
2005		8.6 (-0.2)		8.8
2007		8.8 (-0.1)		8.9
2010	1.6		5.3				59.0
2014	1.5		6.2		14.4	17.7

Life Expectancy.

74.8 (1980)

76.1 (1990)

77.3 (2000)

79.6 (2010)

Population of principal cities,

	Corner Brook	Mt Pearl	ST JOHNS^1
1834			15,000
1901			29,594
1935	6,374		39,886
1945	8,713		62,823
1956	23,225		77,991 MA
1961		2,785
1971		7,211
1976	22,198		143,390 MA
1981		11,543
1986	22,719		162,000 MA
1991	22,410	23,689	171,859 MA
2001	20,103	24,964	172,918 MA
2006	20,083	24,671
2016	31,917 MA	22,957	205,955 MA

¹St Johns was founded in 1583 by the Englishman Humphrey Gilbert.� Marconi received the first successful transatlantic radio broadcast at St Johns in 1901, and Alcock and Brown made the first successful transatlantic flight from St Johns in 1919.

Communications

Literacy

75% (1901). Most illiteracy was amongst the older inhabitants.

Physical communications � roads and railways First railway opened 1884

	Roads (km)	Surfaced (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles	Railways
1890						185
1900						929
1910						993
1920						1,459
1930						1,459
1938	11,515					1,349
1946						1,218
1976		5,249				1,458
1993		6,356				576
1994			322,652	216,760
2002				261,842
2005			366,716
2007	19,250	10,595		266,716		646
2016			390,600

Electronic communications

Telephones,

7,800 (1937)

252,642 (1979)

262,856 (1993)

_____________________________________________________________________

49) Canada � Northwest Territories

Community

Area

3,426,320 square kilometres (pre-1999)

1,346,106 square kilometres (post- 1999)

Population,.�

48,000 (1871)

56,446 (1881)

98,967 (1891)

20,129 (1901)*

6,507 (1911)**

8,143 (1921)

9,316 (1931)

12,028 (1941)

16,004 (1951)

22,998 (1961)

34,805 (1971)

45,741 (1981)

57,649 (1991)

64,402 (1996)

37,360 (2001)***

41,462 (2011)

44,826 (2019)

*Territory ceded to Yukon

**Territories ceded to Alberta and Saskatchewan

***Population reduction due to reassignment of some territory to Nunavut in 1999

Religion, %

	Christian Anglican	Christian R C	Christian United Ch Canada	No religion
2001	14.9	46.7	6.0	17.4

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1941							0.0*
1951							17.0
1959		47.1 (+34.3)		13.8
1961							39.0
1971							48.0
1981							48.0
1991							37.0
1996							43.0
2003		14.5 (+10.3)		4.2
2005		16.3 (+0.2)		16.1
2007		16.1 (+11.8)		4.3
2010	2.0		1.4				54.0
2014	1.9		6.2		21.4	6.6

*According to Statistics Canada, the urbanisation rate for NorthWest Territories was 0% from 1851 to 1941 inclusive.

Life Expectancy.

75.0 (2000)

77.8 (2010)

Population of principal cities

YELLOWKNIFE, Founded in 1935, when gold was discovered in the area.� Yellowknife became the State capital in 1967, and saw large population growth in the 1970s as governmental responsibility for Northwest Territories moved here from Ottawa

3,741 (1966)

9,918 (1979)

11,753 (1986)

15,179 (1991)

16,541 (2001)

18,700 (2006)

19,569 (2016)

Communications

Physical communications � roads

	Roads (km)	Surfaced (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles
2000			27,703	21,630	1,881
2005			28,212	23,184
2016			26,950

_____________________________________________________________________

50) Canada � Nova Scotia

Community

Area 55,284 square kilometres (53,338 square kilometres land area)

Population,

67,515 (1806)

202,578 (1838)

276,117 (1851)

330,857 (1861)

387,800 (1871)

440,572 (1881)

450,523 (1891)

459,116 (1901)

523,837 (1921)

512,846 (1931)

577,962 (1941)

642,584 (1951)

737,007 (1961)

788,965 (1971)

857,100 (1981)

899,942 (1991)

908,007 (2001)

921,727 (2011)

971,400 (2019)

Religion, %

�	Christian Anglican	Christian Baptist	Christian Protestant	Christian R C	Muslim
1871	14.0	19.0	27.0	26.0
2001	13.0			37.0	0.9

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1