Page last modified 21 August 2023
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Community
Area 51,197 square kilometres (land area 51,187 square kilometres)
Population,
1,568,092 (1895)
1,591,036 (1900)
2,323,555 (1931)
2,720,000 (1951)
3,226,000 (1960)
3,761,000 (1970) +16.6%
4,180,000 (1980) +11.1%
4,463,000 (1990) +6.8%
3,751,000 (2000) -17.7%
3,722,000 (2010) -16.6%
3,281,000 (2020) -10.7%
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Bosnian |
Croat |
Serb |
|
1981 |
|
18.4 |
32.0 |
|
2000 |
48.0 |
|
|
|
2013 |
48.4 |
14.6 |
32.7 |
Religion, %
|
Year |
Christian; Roman Catholic |
Christian; Orthodox |
Muslim |
No religion |
|
1900 |
21.1 |
42.4 |
34.6 |
|
|
1990 |
17.0 |
33.0 |
44.0 |
|
|
2013 |
15.0 |
31.0 |
51.0 |
1.0 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1960 |
3.8 |
31.5 (+21.8) |
|
9.7 |
38.0 |
3.4 |
19.1 |
|
1970 |
2.9 |
23.6 (+116.7) |
|
6.9 |
35.0 |
4.5 |
27.2 |
|
1980 |
2.1 |
17.0 (+10.7) |
|
6.3 |
28.7 |
5.8 |
35.5 |
|
1984 |
|
|
26.2 |
|
|
5.5 |
37.3 |
|
1990 |
1.7 |
14.8 (+7.1) |
16.1 |
7.7 |
24.1 |
6.6 |
39.2 |
|
2000 |
1.4 |
8.0� ( -0.3) |
8.7 |
8.3 |
20.7 |
11.0 |
42.4 |
|
2010 |
1.1 |
7.0 (-2.9) |
6.0 |
9.9 |
15.7 |
13.9 |
45.6 |
|
2015 |
1.3 |
9.1 (-1.8) |
5.3 |
10.9 |
15.2 |
15.7 |
47.2 |
|
2017 |
1.3 |
8.3 (-2.9) |
5.1 |
11.2 |
14.8 |
|
|
|
2018 |
|
|
5.0 |
|
14.8 |
16.5 |
48.2 |
Life expectancy,
60.3 (1960); 58.7 (M), 61.9 (F)
66.1 (1970); 64.0 (M), 68.2 (F)
70.2 (1980); 67.6 (M), 73.0 (F)
70.8 (1990); 67.4 (M), 74.3 (F)
74.2 (2000); 71.8 (M), 76.9 (F)
75.8 (2010); 73.3 (M), 78.4 (F)
77.5 (2020); 75.0 (M), 80.0 (F)
Population of principal cities, MA = Metropolitan Area
SARAJEVO, Founded by the Turks in 1429, when they captured the 14th century castle commanding the Miljacka Gorge.� In 1880 it became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia-Herzegovina.� In June 1914 the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand here precipitated the First World War.� Many refugees fled Sarajevo during the fighting in the early 1990s.
38,083 (1900)
78,173 (1931)
136,283 (1953)
220,000 (1965)
529,021 (1991)
380,000 (2003)
392,000 (2009)
413,593 (2013) MA
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1994 |
1,256 |
.02 |
318 |
1.15 |
|
1995 |
1,880 |
0.03 |
485 |
1.61 |
|
2000 |
5,350 |
0.05 |
1,461 |
4.01 |
|
2005 |
10,500 |
0.08 |
2,968 |
6.70 |
|
2010 |
17,164 |
0.11 |
4,612 |
9.53 |
|
2015 |
16,173 |
0.09 |
4,574 |
8.14 |
|
2016 |
16,560 |
0.09 |
4,709 |
8.19 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1900 |
|
88.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1998 |
16.0 |
|
28.0 |
|
56.0 |
|
|
2004 |
11.9 |
|
27.5 |
|
60.6 |
|
|
2010 |
10.1 |
20.5 |
25.0 |
32.6 |
64.3 |
47.0 |
|
2013 |
|
19.0 |
|
30.0 |
|
51.0 |
|
2016 |
7.8 |
|
26.8 |
|
65.4 |
|
Communications
Language, %, Official; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
|
|
Bosnian |
Croat |
Serbian |
|
2013 |
52.9 MT |
14.6 MT |
30.8 MT |
Literacy
85.0% (1981)
87.0% (1995); 97.0% (M), 77.0% (F)
94.6% (2003); 98.4% (M), 91.1% (F)
96.7% (2010); 99.0% (M), 94.4% (F)
98.5% (2015); 99.5% (M), 97.5% (F)
Physical communications � roads and railways
|
|
Roads (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
Railways Length, km |
% electrified |
|
1990 |
21,168 |
|
437,000 |
59,000 |
1,040 |
81.3 |
|
1996 |
21,900 |
|
96,182 |
9,783 |
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
|
1,032 |
75.5 |
|
2005 |
22,419 |
605,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
22,926 |
805,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
970,000 |
|
|
965 |
58.6 |
|
2015 |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
|
Electronic communications, �TV began 1956
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1995 |
|
|
840,000 |
|
|
|
|
1997 |
302,900 |
|
940,000 |
|
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
900,000 |
411,000 |
|
100,000 |
|
2002 |
1,239,000 |
748,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
1,594,000 |
|
1,100,000 |
|
806,400 |
|
2007 |
|
2,450,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
998.600 |
3,257,000 |
|
|
|
1,422,000 |
|
2012 |
878.000 |
|
|
|
|
2,050,000 |
|
2016 |
744,991 |
3,404,000 |
|
|
|
2,677,500 |
Tourism: Visitors to Bosnia-Herzegovina,
115,000 (1997)
171,000 (2000)
217,000 (2005)
365,000 (2010)
678,000 (2015)