Page
last modified 19 August 2023
Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan)
Community
Area 143,998 square kilometres (land area 130,168 square kilometres)
Population,
28,673,000 (1900)
45,000,000 (1950)
48,013,000 (1960) +6.7%
64,250,000 (1970) +33.8%
79,640,000 (1980) +24.0%
103,172,000 (1990) +29.5%
127,658,000 (2000) +23.7%
147,575,000 (2010) +11.6%
164,689,000 (2020) +11.6%
Ethnicity & Religion, �%
|
|
Bengali |
Buddhist |
Christian |
Hindu |
Muslim Sunni |
|
1900 |
|
0.5 |
0.1 |
32.7 |
65.6 |
|
1948 |
|
|
|
|
77.1 |
|
1961 |
|
|
|
20.0 |
|
|
1970 |
96.5 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
16.5 |
82.2 |
|
1981 |
98.0 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
12.1 |
86.6 |
|
1990 |
|
|
|
|
85.0 |
|
2001 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
87.0 |
|
2010 |
98.0 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
12.1 |
86.6 |
Minority tribes and Rohingya Muslim refugees fleeing persecution in Myanmar reside in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Large numbers of Rohingya refugees arrived from Myanmar in 2017.
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1950 |
|
47.0 (+23.0) |
180.0 |
24.0 |
37.2 |
4.1 |
8.5 |
|
1960 |
6.7 |
49.5 (+29.2) |
174.9 |
20.3 |
41.9 |
2.7 |
5.1 |
|
1970 |
6.9 |
49.5 (+30.5) |
145.0 |
19.0 |
44.9 |
2.7 |
7.6 |
|
1980 |
6.4 |
44.0 (+30.0) |
130.0 |
14.0 |
44.8 |
3.1 |
14.9 |
|
1990 |
4.5 |
36.0 (+25.7) |
97.0 |
10.3 |
42.3 |
3.1 |
19.8 |
|
2000 |
3.1 |
27.0 (+20.0) |
64.0 |
7.0 |
37.1 |
3.8 |
23.6 |
|
2010 |
2.2 |
20.0 (+14.4) |
39.1 |
5.6 |
32.1 |
4.7 |
30.5 |
|
2015 |
2.1 |
19.3 (+14.0) |
29.7 |
5.3 |
29.4 |
5.0 |
34.3 |
|
2017 |
2.1 |
18.5 (+13.2) |
26.5 |
5.3 |
28.2 |
|
35.9 |
|
2018 |
|
|
25.1 |
|
27.7 |
5.2 |
36.6 |
Life expectancy,
36.6 (1950); 38.0 (M), 35.0 (F)
45.8 (1960); 45.5 (M), 46.1 (F)
47.5 (1970); 47.4 (M), 47.6 (F)
53.5 (1980); 53.3 (M), 53.7 (F)
58.4 (1990); 58.1 (M), 58.8 (F)
65.3 (2000); 65.0 (M), 65.7 (F)
70.2 (2010); 69.0 (M), 71.5 (F)
72.7 (2020); 71.0 (M), 74.7 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Chittagong |
DHAKA1 |
Khulna |
Narayanganj |
Rajshahi |
|
1800 |
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
1850 |
|
60* |
|
|
|
|
1872 |
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
1890 |
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
1900 |
|
127 |
|
|
|
|
1950 |
290 |
322 |
|
|
|
|
1961 |
364 |
557 |
|
|
|
|
1970 |
492 |
1,132 |
468 |
443 |
|
|
1981 |
1,392 |
3,440 |
646 |
|
254 |
|
1991 |
2,041 |
6,1052 |
877 |
|
517 |
|
2001 |
2,942 |
9,673 |
1,173 MA |
1,133 |
651 |
|
2011 |
4,009 MA |
14,251 MA |
1,636 MA |
2,200 MA |
879 MA |
|
2015 |
|
18,898 MA |
|
|
|
1Dhaka, founded in the 1st century AD,� is named after the Hindu goddess of fertility, Durga. It declined because of the silting of its port, as the river shifted, and also due to the British colonial policy of promoting textiles production in Manchester over Bangladeshi textiles industry. A slow recovery followed as the railway and a new college revived the economy.
2Besides organic population growth, boundary extensions to Dhaka raised its population by over one million in the 1980s.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values) About a third of Bangladesh is flooded annually during the monsoon rains; this hinders economic development.
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1960 |
4,274 |
0.79 |
89 |
2.96 |
|
1965 |
5,906 |
0.79 |
106 |
2.77 |
|
1970 |
8,892 |
0.86 |
138 |
2.63 |
|
1975 |
19,448 |
1.19 |
161 |
2.06 |
|
1980 |
18,138 |
0.65 |
175 |
1.39 |
|
1985 |
22,278 |
0.53 |
215 |
1.18 |
|
1990 |
30,740 |
0.53 |
289 |
1.21 |
|
1995 |
37,940 |
0.51 |
328 |
1.09 |
|
2000 |
51,270 |
0.51 |
405 |
1.11 |
|
2005 |
69,442 |
0.53 |
460 |
1.04 |
|
2010 |
115,279 |
0.77 |
758 |
1.57 |
|
2011 |
195,078 |
1.08 |
1,210 |
2.15 |
|
2016 |
221,415 |
1.19 |
1,359 |
2.36 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
87.0 |
|
3.0 |
|
10.0 |
|
1970 |
|
81.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
53.6 |
75.0 |
11.0 |
14.0 |
39.0 |
15.0 |
|
1990 |
|
65.0 |
14.0 |
11.0 |
|
|
|
2010 |
18.4 |
47.0 |
28.7 |
13.0 |
52.9 |
40.0 |
|
2016 |
14.8 |
|
28.8 |
|
56.5 |
|
Communications
Language, Official; Bengali (Bangla), English also widely spoken
Bengali, 97.0% (1990); 98.0% (2010)
Literacy
22.0% (1960)
25.8% (1980); 37.3% (M), 13.2% (F)
32.5% (1985); 43.0% (M), 22.0% (F)
38.0% (1995); 49.0% (M), 26.0% (F)
41.1% (2000); 50.3% (M), 31.4% (F)
53.5% (2010); 58.7% (M), 48.0% (F)
72.8% (2016); 75.6% (M), 69.9% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1976 |
|
|
|
20,000 |
9,370 |
|
1980 |
46,533 |
4,076 |
|
32,800 |
|
|
1984 |
|
|
|
|
20,779 |
|
1986 |
89,000 |
|
60,000 |
|
|
|
1998 |
195,000 |
|
|
57,068 |
42,523 |
|
2003 |
239,226 |
22,726 |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
432,000 |
158,100 |
168,700 |
|
2010 |
|
|
538,000 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
Railways, kilometres
2,738 (1955)
2,883 (1980)
2,745 (1990)
2,706 (2000)
2,622 (2010)
2,460 (2014)
Electronic communications, TV broadcasts began 1964 (colour
from 1980)
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1969 |
|
|
531,000 |
|
|
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
1975 |
60,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 |
89,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
95,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 |
|
|
750,000 |
83,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
218,000 |
|
4,855,000 |
525,000 |
|
|
|
1992 |
|
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
2,500 |
5,600,000 |
700,000 |
|
|
|
1997 |
|
|
6,150,000 |
|
30,000 |
7,500 |
|
2000 |
491,300 |
279,000 |
6,400,000 |
2,000,000 |
200,000 |
100,000 |
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
1,650,000 |
300,000 |
|
2005 |
|
9,000,000 |
|
14,500,000 |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,500,000 |
|
2010 |
|
68,650,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2012 |
962,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
772,369 |
126,391,000 |
|
|
|
28,500,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Bangladesh,
40,600 (1973)
64,942 (1974)
64,162 (1980)
145,634 (1985)
115,000 (1990)
156,000 (1995)
199,000 (2000)
208,000 (2005)
303,000 (2010)
125,000 (2014)