Page last modifies 18 August 2023

21) Austria

Community

Area 83,871 square kilometres (land area 82,445 square kilometres)

Population, from 1910, for area within 2017 Austrian borders.

Population of Austrian Empire in 1854; 39,411,309 (650,280 square kilometres, including Hungary)

Population of Austrian Empire in 1890; 41,284,966 (622,612 square kilometres)

Population of Austrian Empire in 1900; 26,107,304 (300,200 square kilometres)

6,646,537 (1910)

6,530,000 (1923)

6,759,000 (1934)

6,652,720 (1939)

6,933,905 (1951)

7,071,000 (1960)

7,516,000 (1970) +6.3%

7,610,000 (1980) +1.3%

7,724,000 (1990) +1.5%

8,012,000 (2000) +3.7%

8,363,400 (2010) +4.4%

8,917,000 (2020) +6.6%

Ethnicity %

Ethnicity of Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1890, German, 25.0%, Hungarian 17.0%, Italian, 1.7%, Romanian, 7.0%, Jewish, 3.5%, Romany 0.4%, Slav, 45.0%

	Austrian	German	Turkish	Romanian	Yugoslav
1971			0.1		0.3
1973	93.3	3.5	0.3
1985	96.0	0.5	0.8		1.7
2001	91.1	0.9	1.6		4.0
2011	81.1	2.7	2.2
2014		2.5	1.9	0.9	3.3

Religion, %

Religion� of Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1890: Greek Orthodox, 11.0%, Jewish, 3.5%, Protestant 17.0%, Roman Catholic, 66.0%

	Christian R C	Christian Protestant	Jewish	Muslim	No religion
1870			3.9
1900	91.0	1.9	4.7	0.0	0.1
1937			2.5
1939	88.3	5.4	1.3
1947			0.2
1970	89.2	6.2	0.1	0.2	1.9
1990	84.0	6.0
2001	73.6	4.7	0.1	4.2	12.0
2016			0.1	8.0	20.0

Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1

	Fertility Rate	Birth Rate	Infant Mortality	Death Rate	% Aged Under 15	% Aged Over 65	% Urban
1800							4.4
1845		35.9		29.8			5.8
1865		35.7		29.1
1870		37.0
1880			255.0
1900		34.5	221.0	24.0	34.4		16.0
1911		24.9 (+6.1)		18.8
1933	2.3	14.4 (+0.9)	99.0	13.5
1940	2.2		68.0
1950	1.9	15.0 (+3.0)	53.0	12.0	22.8	10.4	49.0
1960	1.6	19.0 (+6.3)	37.2	12.7	22.1	12.2	64.7
1970	2.0	17.0 (+3.8)	26.0	13.2	24.6	14.0	65.3
1980	1.8	12.0 (-0.2)	14.0	12.2	20.4	15.2	65.4
1990	1.5	11.8 (+1.0)	7.5	10.8	16.9	14.9	62.3
2000	1.4	9.4 (-0.2)	4.6	9.6	16.6	15.4	60.2
2010	1.4	8.7 (-0.5)	3.5	9.2	14.7	17.8	57.4
2015	1.5	9.8 (+0.2)	3.0	9.6	14.1	18.8
2017	1.5	10.0 (+0.5)	2.9	9.5	14.2		58.1
2018			2.9		14.3	19.0	58.3

Life expectancy,

56.5 (1932); 54.5 (M), 58.5 (F)

65.7 (1952); 63.0 (M), 68.0 (F)

68.6 (1960); 65.4 (M), 71.9 (F)

69.9 (1970); 66.5 (M), 73.5 (F)

72.5 (1980); 69.0 (M), 76.1 (F)

75.6 (1990); 71.9 (M), 79.0 (F)

78.1 (2000); 75.2 (M), 81.2 (F)

80.6 (2010); 77.8 (M), 83.5 (F)

81.6 (2020); 79.3 (M), 83.9 (F)

Population of principal cities

	Graz^1	Innsbruck^2	Linz	Salzburg	VIENNA^3
300 AD					20,000
1750					169,000
1800					231,000
1850	63,176	14,000	27,000		426,000
1860				18,550
1890				24,952	1,364,550
1900	168,808	49,727	58,778	33,067	1,662,269
1939	207,739	78,395	128,195	77,170	1,766,966
1951	226,453	95,055	184,685	102,927	1,616,125
1961	237,080	100,695	195,978	108,114	1,627,566
1971	249,089	116,104
1981	243,166	117,287	199,910	139,426	1,517,154
1991	237,810	118,112	203,044	143,978	1,539,848
2001	226,244	113,392	183,504	142,662	1,550,823
2011	261,726	118,985	189,845	145,367	1,693,000
2016	280,200	130,984	200,843	150,887	1,840,226
2017					1,877,826

¹Graz, originally a Roman settlement, was given city status in 1281.� It prospered under Hapsburg rule, and was made the capital of Lower Austria in 1619.� Tourism is now a significant employer.

² Innsbruck was the Roman colony of Veldidena; its present name derives from its bridge over the River Inn.� Innsbruck is at the crossing point of several trade routes across the Alps, and grew rapidly as it industrialised in the 18^th and 19^th centuries; tourism is important today.

³Vienna: a Celtic settlement existed here, which became the Roman garrison town of Vindobona.� By the 12^th century the city was called Wien.� In 1278 the Habsburgs made it the capital of the Holy Roman Empire; it became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.� In 1529 Vienna successfully resisted a siege by Ottoman Turkey; Vienna became the turning point where the advance of Islam into Christian Europe was halted.� When the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dismantled �in 1918 after World War One, Vienna was left as the over-large capital of a small country, Austria.

Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values) , *Figures for the Austro-Hungarian Empire

	GDP, US$ million	Total GDP, % of USA	GDP per capita, US$	GDP per capita % of USA
1914*	3,000*		57*
1948	2,560	1.15	368	24.13
1955	3,400	0.95
1965	7,035	0.95	1,487	38.85
1970	14,970	1.44	2,014	38.38
1975	39.350	0.00	5,203	66.53
1980	80,110	2.87	10,625	84.34
1985	67,490	1.60	9,001	49.27
1990	162,680	2.80	21,001	87.67
1995	235,600	3.18	29,252	97.29
2000	190,350	1.91	23,581	64.69
2005	304,500	2.33	38,242	86.31
2010	379,000	2.53	46,657	96.45
2015	377,000	2.09	43,665	77.69
2016	386,000	2.08	44,177	76.87

GDP by primary sector

	Agriculture % GDP	Agriculture % employed	Industry % GDP	Industry % employed	Services % GDP	Services % employed
1910*		55.0
1960		24.0		46.0		30.0
1970		15.0
1980		9.0		37.0		55.0
1990	3.2	7.5	37.0	35.0	60.0	56.0
2000			33.2	29.0	65.0	67.0
2010	1.5	5.5	29.4	27.5	69.1	67.0
2015		0.7		25.3		74.0
2016	1.3		28.1		70.6

*Austro-Hungary

Communications

Language, Official; German

	Croat	German	Slovene	Turkish
1948		98.0
1990	1.8	94.0	2.0
2002		92.0		2.3

Literacy,

79.6% (1900)

99.9% (1960 and after)

Physical communications � roads

	Roads (km)	Motor vehicles	Cars	Commercial Vehicles
1936	85,442
1948	90,400		50,307	7,411
1950			51,300	47,000
1956		256,000	187,900
1959		858,295	337,421	70,924
1962			603,544	86,780
1968		2,059,399	1,053,321	107,392
1977	106,180		1,965,250	155,844
1980		3,384,492		195,000
1988	107,503		2,748,000	234,600
1998			3,782,544	300,726
2008	110,778	4,676,000	4,245,600	372,600
2010	112,634	4,847,000
2013		5,076,000	4,641,000
2015			4,748,000

Railways; First railway opened 1827 (Budwies to Trojanov, later extended to Linz), using horse traction. First steam railway opened 1838.

Length, kilometres (within borders of post-1945 Austria), e = electrified

279 (1840)

605 (1850)

1,037 (1860)

2,004 (1870)

3,574 (1880)

4,416 (1890)

5,583 (1900)

6,665 (1910)

21,880 (1905)*

7,036 (1920)

7,169 (1930)

7,165 (1940)

6,773 (1950)

6,442 (1960) (27.5%e)

6,459 (1980) (46.0% e)

6,350 (1990) (52.1% e)

6,138 (2000) (54.0% e)

6,399 (2010) (57.9% e)

5,800 (2016) (61.3%e)

*1905 figure for the whole of Austria as within its 1905 borders.

Urban metro systems,

Vienna, Opened 1976

69.8 km (2005)

83.3 km (2015)

Electronic communication , TV broadcasting began 1956

	Telephones (landlines)	Mobile Telephones	Radios	Televisions	PCs	Internet Users
1938	281,790		630,000
1948			892,058
1950			1,319,000
1951	412,394
1959	653,413		1,944,442	112,536
1960			1,977,000
1961	750,309		2,040,000	290,000
1968	1,242,785		2,071,458	1,129,165
1976			2,185,000	1,772,000
1980	2,191,030		2,300,000
1985		9,762
1988					300,000
1990	3,223,161	73,700	4,755,000	3,650,000	500,000
1995		383,500�	4,990,000	4,000,000	1,300,000
1997			6,080,000	4,250,000
1998						442,000
2000	3,997,000	6,117,000			2,900,000
2005	3,795,000	8,160,000			4,996,000	4,000,000
2010	3,245,000	12,241,000				6,143,000
2016	3,567,000	14,270,000
2017						7,273,000

Tourism: Visitors to Austria,

5,000,000 (1960)

10,886,237 (1974)

11,748,000 (1977)

13,879,024 (1980)

19,011,000 (1990)

17,173,000 (1995)

17,982,000 (2000)

19,952,000 (2005)

21,941,000 (2010)

26,719,000 (2015)