Page last modified 20 August 2023
7) Angola
Community
Area 1,246,700 square kilometres (land area 1,246,700 square kilometres)
Population, change on previous decade.
2,970,000 (1900)
3,738,010 (1940)
4,145,000 (1950) +10.9%
5,463,000 (1960) +31.8%
7,682,000 (1970) +40.1%
8,930,000 (1980) +16.2%
12,171,000 (1990) +36.3%
16,440,000 (2000) +35.1%
23,369,000 (2010) +42.1%
32,866,000 (2020) +40.6%
90% of Angola�s Portuguese population returned to Portugal just before Angola gained independence in 1975
Ethnicity, %
|
|
Ambundu |
Bakongo |
Mixed |
Ovibundu |
White |
|
2010 |
25.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
37.0 |
1.5 |
Religion, %
|
|
Animist |
Christian Protestant |
Christian R C |
Islam |
|
1900 |
99.4 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
|
|
1940 |
70.0 |
7.8 |
22.0 |
|
|
1950 |
51.0 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
1970 |
20.0 |
17.8 |
61.4 |
|
|
1990 |
20.0 |
|
66.0 |
|
|
2010 |
18.0 |
25.0 |
55.0 |
1.5 |
Birth and death rates Below replacement rate = 2.1
|
|
Fertility Rate |
Birth Rate |
Infant Mortality |
Death Rate |
% Aged Under 15 |
% Aged Over 65 |
% Urban |
|
1940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.4 |
|
1950 |
|
50.0 (+15.0) |
231.0 |
35.0 |
41.2 |
3.0 |
6.0 |
|
1960 |
7.5 |
49.0 (+18.2) |
|
30.8 |
45.8 |
2.5 |
11.2 |
|
1970 |
6.5 |
48.0 (+20.5) |
173.0 |
27.5 |
46.3 |
2.6 |
15.0 |
|
1980 |
7.2 |
53.0 (+29.0) |
170.0 |
24.0 |
47.4 |
2.6 |
24.3 |
|
1990 |
7.0 |
53.0 (+30.0) |
144.0 |
23.0 |
48.3 |
2.6 |
37.1 |
|
2000 |
6.8 |
50.0 (+32.1) |
122.9 |
17.9 |
47.4 |
2.4 |
50.1 |
|
2010 |
5.4 |
42.0 (+31.5) |
75.4 |
10.5 |
47.3 |
2.3 |
59.8 |
|
2015 |
5.8 |
42.3 (+33.7) |
57.8 |
8.7 |
47.1 |
2.3 |
|
|
2017 |
5.6 |
41.2 (+32.8) |
53.4 |
8.4 |
47.0 |
|
64.8 |
|
2018 |
|
|
51.6 |
|
46.8 |
2.2 |
65.5 |
Life expectancy,
35.0 (1940)
33.2 (1960); 31.8 (M), 34.7 (F)
37.0 (1970); 35.5 (M), 39.0 (F)
40.5 (1980); 38.8 (M), 42.3 (F)
41.7 (1990); 39.6 (M), 43.9 (F)
47.1 (2000); 44.8 (M), 46.5 (F)
58.1 (2010); 55.5 (M), 60.9 (F)
61.2 (2020); 58.5 (M), 64.1 (F)
Population of principal cities, 1,000s MA = Metropolitan Area
|
|
Benguela1 |
Huambo2 |
Lobito3 |
LUANDA4 |
|
1904 |
|
|
0.15 |
24 |
|
1940 |
14 |
|
5 |
61 |
|
1950 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
1960 |
|
|
32 |
225 |
|
1970 |
41 |
62 |
59 |
475 |
|
1983 |
155 |
203 |
150 |
800 |
|
1990 |
|
|
|
1,500 |
|
2000 |
|
|
|
2,340 |
|
2005 |
|
|
208 |
2,800 |
|
2008 |
|
325 |
|
|
|
2010 |
513 MA |
|
|
5,172 MA |
|
2014 |
|
666 MA |
324 |
6,000 MA |
1Founded as a fort town by the Portuguese in 1587, Benguela became a major port for the export of slaves to Brazil and the Caribbean.
2Formerly Nova Lisboa, Huambo is named after the African Wambo Kingdom.
3Lobito was founded in 1905 as a port city.
4Luanda was founded in 1576 by the Portuguese, as a transhipment point for slaves being sent to Brazil. Luanda became the capital in 1627.
Wealth, Since 2005 the average GDP per head has grown strongly due to oil exports; oil accounted for some 85% of GDP in 2009.� Diamond exports are also significant.� However this mineral wealth remains concentrated in the hands of a small minority and many Angolans remain poor.
Wealth; Gross Domestic Product (nominal values)
|
|
GDP, US$ million |
Total GDP, % of USA |
GDP per capita, US$ |
GDP per capita % of USA |
|
1958 |
261 |
0.07 |
|
|
|
1966 |
|
|
170 |
4.10 |
|
1970 |
2,750 |
0.26 |
492 |
9.38 |
|
1975 |
2,690 |
0.16 |
413 |
5.28 |
|
1980 |
5,430 |
0.19 |
776 |
6.16 |
|
1985 |
6,910 |
0.16 |
790 |
4.32 |
|
1990 |
10.280 |
0.00 |
1,028 |
4.29 |
|
1995 |
5,040 |
0.07 |
441 |
1.47 |
|
2000 |
8,740 |
0.09 |
665 |
1.82 |
|
2005 |
28,000 |
0.21 |
1,444 |
3.26 |
|
2010 |
85,310 |
0.57 |
3,529 |
7.30 |
|
2012 |
102,962 |
0.57 |
3,696 |
6.58 |
|
2016 |
89,633 |
0.48 |
3,111 |
5.41 |
GDP by primary sector
|
|
Agriculture % GDP |
Agriculture % employed |
Industry % GDP |
Industry % employed |
Services % GDP |
Services % employed |
|
1960 |
|
69.0 |
|
12.0 |
|
19.0 |
|
1970 |
|
78.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
|
74.0 |
38.7 |
16.0 |
|
|
|
1990 |
9.7 |
73.8 |
47.7 |
|
42.6 |
16.7 |
|
2000 |
8.1 |
85.0 |
65.2 |
15.0 |
24.0 |
|
|
2008 |
9.6 |
|
65.8 |
|
24.6 |
|
|
2011 |
10.2 |
|
61.4 |
|
28.4 |
|
Communications
Language %, Official;
Portuguese
|
|
Kikongo |
Kimbundu |
Luanda |
Umbundi |
|
1986 |
11.0 |
27.0 |
13.0 |
38.0 |
|
2012 |
|
25.0 |
|
37.0 |
Literacy
3.0% (1970)
15.0% (1975)
24.0% (1983); 36.0% (M), 19.0% (F)
41.0% (1991); 49.0% (M), 32.0% (F)
67.4% (2001); 82.9% (M), 54.2% (F)
71.1% (2015); 82.0% (M), 60.7% (F)
Physical communications � roads
|
|
Roads (km) |
Surfaced (km) |
Motor vehicles |
Cars |
Commercial Vehicles |
|
1940 |
35,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
1970 |
|
5,900 |
|
|
|
|
1973 |
|
|
|
127,300 |
35,700 |
|
1976 |
|
|
|
146,863 |
39,270 |
|
1988 |
|
|
167,000 |
|
41,000 |
|
2001 |
51,429 |
|
|
|
44,000 |
|
2005 |
|
|
332,000 |
|
|
|
2010 |
76,629 |
19,156 |
720,000 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
803,000 |
581,500 |
|
Railways; First railway opened 1886, Lobito to Cambuela, 12 kilometres; extended 22 kilometres to Benguela in 1906.� Much of the railway system was damaged during the civil war, but since 2000 a restoration programme has been underway.
Length, kilometres
185 (1890)
364 (1900)
950 (1910)
1,241 (1920)
2,355 (1930)
2,342 (1940)
2,430 (1950)
2,665 (1960)
3,852 (1980)
2,761 (2010)
2,852 (2014)
Electronic communications TV began 1973
|
|
Telephones (landlines) |
Mobile Telephones |
Radios |
Televisions |
PCs |
Internet Users |
|
1930 |
|
|
4,000 |
|
|
|
|
1945 |
1,371 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
11,000 |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
|
|
53,000 |
|
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
116,000 |
|
|
|
|
1978 |
29,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
36,000 |
|
140,000 |
|
|
|
|
1984 |
|
|
|
21,000 |
|
|
|
1990 |
70,000 |
|
260,000 |
57,000 |
|
|
|
1993 |
|
1,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
1995 |
|
2,000 |
370,000 |
80,000 |
|
|
|
1997 |
|
|
|
|
8,000 |
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,500 |
|
2000 |
64,900 |
25,200 |
730,000 |
|
15,000 |
30,000 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
27,000 |
41,000 |
|
2003 |
|
|
|
582,100 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
1,094,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
114,300 |
|
|
|
|
550,000 |
|
2009 |
|
8,109,000 |
|
|
|
606,700 |
|
2010 |
|
8,909,000 |
|
|
|
675,000 |
|
2012 |
303,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
304,493 |
13,001,000 |
|
|
|
2,622,400 |
|
2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,951,000 |
Tourism: Visitors to Angola,
67,000 (1990)
9,000 (1995)
51,000 (2000)
209,956 (2005)
425,000 (2010)
592,000 (2015)