Chronography of events from 1 January 1900 to 31 December 1912
Page last modified 15/5/2021
(-9999) = Day count to end of World
War Two in Europe (day zero = Tuesday).
Easter Sundays derived from https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/easter_text2b.htm
For dates from
1/1/1913 click here
1/1/1913, Wednesday (-11,815)
Film censorship began in Britain.
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12/1912, Armistice in Balkans. German Schlieffen Plan to conquer
France, then Russia, if acted on soon.
25/12/1912, Wednesday (-11,822) Italy sent troops to Albania to
suppress unrest there.
18/12/1912. Wednesday (-11,829) The Piltdown Man was discovered in Sussex, claimed to be the
fossilised skull and other remains of the earliest known European man. On
21/11/1953 it was revealed as� a hoax,
the skull was that of an orang-utan.
16/12/1912, Monday (-11,831) The Balkan Peace Conference began in
London.
8/12/1912, Sunday (-11,839) The
German Kaiser held a secret meeting with his military chiefs. It was agreed
that the Schlieffen Plan, to quickly conquer France before turning east on
Russia, should not be delayed much beyond 1914 because after that swifter
Russian mobilisation would cause a collapse of the German Eastern Front before
France fell. .
The Schlieffen Plan, named after Graf Schlieffen, Chief of the German General
Staff 1890-1905, was to attack France through Belgium, by-passing the
heavily-fortified Franco-German frontier. German troops defending this frontier
were to be reduced, possibly even allowing for French advances into Germany
here. However the German advance through Belgium would then swing eastwards to
the south west of Paris and come round to hit the French Army in the rear. Schlieffen
allowed for ten German divisions to hold the Russian front until France could
be crushed (six weeks allowed for this task); also for a British Expeditionary
Force of 100,000 to assist the French.
7/12/1912, Saturday
(-11,840) (Astronomy)
Sir George Howard Darwin, English astronomer, was born in Cambridge.
6/12/1912, Friday
(-11,841) (Egypt) �Archaeologists found a bus of Nefertiti near
the River Nile.
5/12/1912, Thursday (-11,842) Italy, Germany and Austria
renewed their Triple alliance for a further six years.
4/12/1912. Wednesday (-11,843)
Turkey concluded an armistice with Bulgaria and Serbia; Greece also ceased
fighting.
12/1912, Armistice in Balkans. German Schlieffen Plan to conquer
France, then Russia, if acted on soon.
=====================================================================================
11/1912, Albania gained independence. Suffragette petition in London.
30/11/1912, Saturday (-11,847) Bulgaria and Turkey signed an
armistice.
28/11/1912. Thursday (-11,849) Albanian independence was proclaimed and confirmed in London on
20/12/1912 in principle and the new state�s borders were confirmed on
29/7/1913. However these borders included less than half of the ethnic
Albanians.
27/11/1912. Wednesday (-11,850)
France and Spain agreed on their respective spheres of influence in
Morocco.
23/11/1912, Saturday (-11,854)
20/11/1912, Wednesday (-11,857)
Wilfred Wooller, rugby player, was born.
19/11/1912, Tuesday (-11,858) (Biology)
Rumanian-US physiologist George Emil Palade was born in Iasi, Rumania. In 1956
he discovered the that the small bodies within cells now known as ribosomes,
are mostly RNA. It was soon afterwards found that this was where the cell
manufactures proteins.
18/11/1912. Monday (-11,859) The
Serbs occupied Monastir.
16/11/1912. Saturday (-11,861) Suffragettes, who had walked from
Edinburgh to London, presented a petition to the Prime Minister.
11-16/11/1912. First
International Motor Show, at Olympia.
12/11/1912, Tuesday (-11,865)
8/11/1912. Friday (-11,869) The Greeks occupied Salonika.� This was during the First Balkan War, and
ended 482 years of Turkish occupation.
5/11/1912, Tuesday (-11,872) (1) The
British Board of Film Censors was appointed.
(2) Woodrow
Wilson was elected US President, the first Democrat President for 20 years. The
Republican vote was split between Roosevelt and Taft, allowing Wilson to win
with only 42% of the vote.
(3) Women gained the vote in the US States of Arizona,
Kansas and Wisconsin.
4/11/1912, Monday (-11,873)
Pauline Trigere, fashion designer, was born in Paris.
3/11/1912. Sunday (-11,874) (1) Turkey appealed for mediation in the war with
Italy, by the great European powers.
(2) Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay, was born.
2/11/1912, Saturday (-11,875) An explosion
on the battleship USS Vermont near Norfolk, Virginia killed 2 and injured 4.
1/11/1912. Friday (-11,876) The
Greeks occupied Samothrace.
11/1912, Albania gained independence. Suffragette petition in London.
===================================================================================
10/1912, Turkey agreed to cede Libya to Italy. Balkans, Greece,
fighting against Turkey
28/10/1912, Monday (-11,880)
Birth of Sir Richard Doll, British cancer specialist who proved the link
between cigarette smoking and cancer.
23/10/1912. Wednesday (-11,885) The Greeks routed the Turks at
Sarandaporos.
19/10/1912. Saturday (-11,889) Allied
Balkan armies invaded Turkey.
18/10/1912. Friday (-11,890) (Greece-Turkey,
Eastern
Europe, Yugoslavia)
The Ottoman Turks agreed to cede Tripoli and Cyrenaica (now Libya) to
Italy, at the Peace of Lausanne.� Greece,
Bulgaria and Serbia declared war on Turkey. The Greek Army had been
well-equipped under Venizelos, and the Turks were pushed back, to the point
where Istanbul itself was threatened; the city was only saved by bad weather
making the roads impassable and a cholera outbreak, halting military
operations.
16/10/1912, Wednesday (-11,892)
15/10/1912, Tuesday (-11,893) Turkey made peace with Italy
at Ouchy.
14/10/1912. Monday (-11,894) (1) President Roosevelt was shot and seriously
wounded by a demented man in Milwaukee.
(2) The Turks
invaded Serbia.� Greece, Serbia,
and Bulgaria issued ultimatums to Turkey demanding the demobilisation of the
Turkish Army in the Balkans.
8/10/1912. Tuesday (-11,900) Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
1/10/1912, Tuesday (-11,907)
Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia prepared to fight Turkey.
==================================================================================
9/1912, First London tube train collision. Ulster pledged to oppose
Irish Home Rule.
30/9/1912, Monday (-11,908)
Russia mobilised its forces in response to unrest in the Balkans.
29/9/1912, Sunday (-11,909) British
and French forces quelled riots on Samos, after Turkey withdrew troops from
there.��������
28/9/1912, Saturday (-11,910) A
week of rallies and speeches in Ulster ended with a pledge to defeat Home Rule.
Sir Edward Carson vowed to fight Home Rule, collecting 471,414 signatures, some
people signing in their own blood. See 9/5/1912.
23/9/1912. Monday (-11,915)
Mack Sonnett released the first Keystone Cops film.��������������������������������
21/9/1912, Saturday (-11,917) Ian McGregor, chairman of British
Steel and British Coal, was born.
19/9/1912, Thursday (-11,919) The first scheduled
international airline service began, when Count Zeppelin�s airships started a
regular service between Hamburg, Germany, and Copenhagen, Denmark, and on to
Malmo, Sweden.
5/9/1912, Thursday (-11,933)
Composer John Cage was born
4/9/1912, Wednesday (-11,934)
The first tube train collision in London, 22 were injured.
1/9/1912, Sunday (-11,937) French troops quelled an uprising in
Morocco.
===================================================================================
8/1912, China routed Tibetans. Wallenberg, saviour of Jews in WW2,
born. Albania gained autonomy.
27/8/1912. Tuesday (-11,942) Tarzan
of the Apes, by Edgar Rice Burroughs, first went into print as a magazine
serial.
26/8/1912. Monday (-11,943) (Weather) Britain�s
heaviest August rainfall on record occurred at Norwich, where six inches fell
in twelve hours. Floods in East Anglia made 10,000 homeless.
23/8/1912, Friday (-11,946)
20/8/1912, Tuesday (-11,949) (Space
exploration) US physicist Edward Mills Purcell was born in Taylorville,
Illinois. In 1951 he was among the first to observe the 21 cm line caused by
hydrogen atoms in space.
19/8/1912. Monday (-11,950) William
Booth, founder of the Salvation Army, born on 10/4/1829, died aged 83. He was
succeeded as leader of the Salvation Army on 21/8/1912 by Mr Bramwell Booth.
18/8/1912, Sunday (-11,951) The Ottoman
Empire granted autonomy to its Albanian minority, in the Scutari Vilayet (province),
capital Tirana.
17/8/1912, Saturday (-11,952)
Margaret Scriven, tennis champion, was born.
16/8/1912, Friday (-11,953)
Edward Drake, footballer, was born (died 30/5/1995).
14/8/1912, Wednesday (-11,955) Leopold Demers, Canadian Liberal
politician, was born (died 21/11/1990),
11/8/1912, Sunday (-11,958) In Morocco, Sultan Mulai Hafid
abdicated.
10/8/1912, Saturday (-11,959) The Republic of China's provisional
government enacted its election law, creating a lower house of Parliament, and
limiting voting rights to male citizens aged over 21, had two years residency
in their district, and met property and educational restrictions.
9/8/1912. Friday (-11,960) Earthquake in Constantinople,
Turkey, killed 6,000.
8/8/1912, Thursday (-11,961) The Pope issued an encyclical about abuse
of the indigenous tribes in the Putumayo region of Peru.
7/8/1912.
Wednesday (-11,962) Japan and Russia
reached agreement on their spheres of influence in Mongolia and Manchuria.
6/8/1912, Tuesday (-11,963) U.S. President Taft asked Congress to fix
maximum tolls for the Panama Canal.
5/8/1912, Monday (-11,964) In Chicago, the Progressive Party,
nicknamed the "Bull Moose" Party to rival the Republican elephant and
Democrat donkey, called itself to order as its founding convention opened at
noon.
4/8/1912, Sunday (-11,965) Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat, was born
to a wealthy family in Stockholm.� He is
famed for saving Jews scheduled for Nazi death camps by giving them Swedish
documentation, enabling them to flee to that neutral country. In 1945 he was
taken from Budapest as the Soviets occupied the city; he was suspected of
espionage and his fate has never been determined.
3/8/1912.
Saturday (-11,966) The Ottoman Turks granted Albania
limited autonomy.
2/8/1912, Friday (-11,967) Tibetans were routed by Chinese soldiers at
Lhasa.
1/8/1912, Thursday (-11,968) The Jungfrau rail tunnel, Switzerland,
7.5 km long, opened.
8/1912, China routed Tibetans. Wallenberg, saviour of Jews in WW2,
born. Albania gained autonomy.
====================================================================================
7/1912,
Immingham Docks
opened. Growing German naval threat. Friedman, economist, was born.
31/7/1912, Wednesday (-11,969) Milton Friedman, US economist and
Nobel Prize winner in 1976, was born in Brooklyn, New York.
30/7/1912, Tuesday (-11,970) In Japan, Meiji Emperor Mutsuhito
died aged 60, after a 45-year reign during which Imperial power was restored to
Japan (the Meiji Restoration). He was succeeded by his son, Yoshihito, aged 33,
who reigned until 1926.
28/7/1912.
Sunday (-11,972)
24/7/1912,
Wednesday (-11,976) Emma Cons, British social
worker and philanthropist, died at Hever, Kent (born 4/3/1838 in London).
23/7/1912,
Tuesday (-11,977) In the US, the
�Modesty League� protested against tight dresses.
22//7/1912.
Monday (-11,978) To counter the growing
German naval threat, the British Admiralty recalled warships from the
Mediterranean to begin patrols in the North Sea.
21/7/1912,
Sunday (-11,979) Second reading of the Franchise Bill,
giving all men over 21 the vote.
18/7/1912,
Thursday (-11,982)
15/7/1912.
Monday (-11,985) National Insurance, or
social payments, devised by Lloyd George, began in Britain.
14/7/1912.
Sunday (-11,986) Woody Guthrie, US folk singer, was born in
Oklahoma.
13/7/1912,
Saturday (-11,987) (Aviation)
J Vedrines, France, set a new aviation speed record of 106.12 mph.
12/7/1912,
Friday (-11,988)
12,000 Ulstermen demonstrated against Home Rule for Ireland.
11/7/1912,
Thursday (-11,989) Immingham Docks,
Lincolnshire, were opened by King George V. Construction had begun in 1906.
6/7/1912,
Saturday (-11,994) The 5th Olympic Games
opened in Stockholm.
3/7/1912,
Wednesday (-11,997) The Board of Trade
Inquiry into the Titanic disaster
found Captain Smith (who went down with his ship) guilty of negligence.
2/7/1912,
Tuesday (-11,998) Serbia allied with
Greece and Bulgaria against Ottoman Turkey, see 29/5/1912.
1/7/1912,
Monday (-11,999)
The first Royal Command Performance took place at the Palace Theatre, London,
watched by King George V and Queen Mary.
7/1912,
Immingham Docks
opened. Growing German naval threat. Friedman, economist, was born.
=====================================================================================
6/1912,
Suffragettes
issue in London. Turing, computing pioneer, was born. Enoch Powell was born.
28/6/1912,
Friday (-12,002) The suffragettes began a window-smashing
campaign at Post Offices and Labour Exchanges.
26/6/1912,
Wednesday (-12,004) The first Alexandra Day.
25/6/1912,
Tuesday (-12,005) Asquith was attacked
in the Commons over the force-feeding of
suffragettes on hunger strike in prison.
23/6/1912,
Sunday (-12,007) (1) A bridge over the Niagara Falls collapsed,
killing 47.
(2)
Alan Mathison Turing, British mathematician who invented the Turing Machine,
was born. He was the son of Julius and Sara Turing.
17/6/1912.
Monday (-12,013) Discovery of the production
of synthetic rubber on a commercial scale.
16/6/1912.
Sunday (-12,014) Enoch Powell was born in Stechford, Birmingham.
14/6/1912,
Friday (-12,016) King Frederick VIII of
Denmark died after a 6-year reign, aged 69. He was succeeded by his son, 41-year
old Christian X, who reigned until 1947.
8/6/1912.
Saturday (-12,022) In Los Angeles, Carl Lemmie founded
Universal Studios.
6/6/1912,
Thursday (-12,
024) A huge volcanic eruption began at Mount Katmai, Alaska, creating the
Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes.
======================================================================================
5/1912,
Irish Home Rule
debate continued. First motor car museum. Wilbur Wright, aviation pioneer, died.
31/5/1912.
Friday (-12,030) (1) The first motor car museum was opened in
London, at 175 Oxford Street. The oldest exhibits were an 1861 Crompton steam
car and an 1894 Bremer petrol car. In March 1914 the museum moved to the
Crystal Palace. However when the First World War broke out the space was needed
for storage; some cars were returned to their owners but others were left on
open waste ground near Charing Cross Station and allowed to disintegrate.
(2) US
marines landed in Cuba to suppress a slave revolt.
30/5/1912,
Thursday (-12,031) Wilbur Wright, older of the
two Wright Brothers who invented the airplane, died aged 45 �of typhoid fever at Dayton, Ohio. Wilbur had
become ill on 4/5/1912 while on a business trip to Boston. On 17/12/1903 Wilbur
became the second man to pilot an airplane, after his brother Orville made the
first flight.
29/5/1912, Wednesday (-12,032)
Greece signed an anti-Ottoman
alliance with Bulgaria. Serbia joined the alliance on 2/7/1912.
28/5/1912, Tuesday (-12,033)
The Titanic enquiry in the US gave a verdict of negligence.
27/5/1912, Monday (-12,034) Sam Snead, US golfer, was
born.
26/5/1912, Sunday (-12,035),
The UK was paralysed by a transport strike.
20/5/1912, Monday (-12,041)
16/5/1912, Thursday (-12,045) MPs backed a Bill that would
disestablish the Church in Wales, despite opposition by church leaders.
15/5/1912, Wednesday (-12,046) Crown
Prince Christian, brother of King Haakon VII of Norway, was proclaimed as King
Christian X of Denmark
14/5/1912, Tuesday (-12,047) August
Strindberg, playwright, died in Stockholm, Sweden.
10/5/1912, Friday (-12,051)
9/5/1912, Thursday (-12,052) In Britain the Liberal Government�s plans to
give Ireland Home Rule came closer this day when the House of Commons gave the
Home Rule Bill a second reading, voting for it by 360 votes to 266. Tory MPs
were firmly opposed and the Liberals relied on Irish Nationalist and Labour MPs
to get the Bill passed. The Parliament Act, passed in 1911, ensured
Conservative opposition in the House of Lords would not block the Bill. Ireland
might have Home Rule by 1914. However the Home Rule issue had sharpened
divisions between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland. Belfast, with its
flourishing shipbuilding industry, was now the largest city in Ireland, and
both merchants and workers there were opposed to rule from Dublin. Sir Edward
Carson, a Dublin-born Protestant, planned to recruit some 80,000 armed
volunteers to fight for Ulster to remain in the UK, see 28/9/1912.
8/5/1912, Wednesday (-12,053)
Pilot Lieutenant Samson, flying a Short S38, made the first ever take off
from a moving ship.� The HMS Hibernia,
off Weymouth, was moving at 10 knots.
7/5/1912, Tuesday (-12,054)
5/5/1912. Sunday (-12,056) The
first issue of Pravda, meaning Truth, appeared in Russia.
4/5/1912. Saturday (-12,057) The
Italians occupied the island of Rhodes, formerly held by the Ottoman Turks.
5/1912,
Irish Home Rule
debate continued. First motor car museum. Wilbur Wright, aviation pioneer, died.
====================================================================================
4/1912, Titanic sunk by iceberg. Bram Stoker died. Lena Massacre in
Russia.
30/4/1912, Tuesday (-12,061)
20/4/1912, Saturday (-12,071) Bram Stoker, Dublin-born creator of Dracula in 1897, died aged 65 in London.
19/4/1912, Friday (-12,072) The U.S. Hydrographic Office and representatives
of the steamship lines agreed that the winter time course of ships would be 270
miles south of the course taken by the Titanic, adding between 9 and 14 hours
to the trip. The new route would be 3,080 miles rather than 2,858 miles.
18/4/1912, Thursday (-12,073)
The liner Carpathia arrived in New
York, carrying survivors of the Titanic disaster.
17/4/1912, Wednesday (-12,074) The Lena massacre: Russian soldiers
fired into a crowd of gold miners, who had gone on strike in Siberia to demand
a reduction in the workday and improved food and sanitation. According to
official figures, 270 miners were killed and another 250 wounded, and the dead
were buried in a mass grave.
16/4/1912, Tuesday (-12,075) (1) The Channel was first flown by a
woman, Harriet Quimby.
(2) The Daily Herald began publication in London.
15/4/1912. Monday (-12,076)
The Titanic, steaming too fast through a sea full of icebergs, sank on her
maiden voyage. Of the 2,340
passengers and crew, 1,513 perished in the icy seas; only 732 survived. The
first lifeboat to get away was almost empty, occupied only by the director of
the line and their friends. Many first class passengers got priority over
cheaper �steerage� passengers. However there was also heroism; John Jacob Astor
stayed behind after ensuring his bride was on a lifeboat, and the band, who
played hymns as the ship sank beneath it. With 16 watertight compartments the
Titanic, 270 metres long, was considered �unsinkable� and so only had enough
lifeboat places for 1,178. Before she sailed from Southampton on 10/4/1912, an
engineer stated �God himself could not sink this ship�. Off Newfoundland, a
lookout reported an iceberg, the First Officer ordered a turn to port, and the
Titanic missed the berg, but an underwater projection of ice struck her below
the waterline, ripping open� five of the sixteen
watertight compartments. With this many compartments flooded, the ship began to
sink, flooding further compartments. Many passengers could not accept that the
ship was sinking, and only 800 only got aboard the lifeboats, and one lifeboat
was sucked under as the Titanic sank. However later theories suggest that the
real cause was poor rivets, that popped, causing a seam along the ship to split
open.
14/4/1912, Sunday (-12,077) China's President Yuan Shih-kai issued a
manifesto asking the five separate race groups in the nation to unite through
intermarriage.
13/4/1912, Saturday (-12,078)
In Britain the Royal Flying Corps, forerunner of the Royal Air Force, was
formed.
12/4/1912, Friday (-12,079) Clara Barton (born 25/12/1812 near Oxford,
Massachusetts) died at Glen Echo, Maryland. She founded the American Red Cross
in 1881, having worked in Europe with the Red Cross there to alleviate the
suffering caused by the Franco-Prussian War.
11/4/1912. Thursday (-12,080) Irish Home Rule Bill introduced to
the UK Parliament.
10/4/1912, Wednesday (-12,081) Troops were called out to quell
riots in Wigan.
9/4/1912. Tuesday (-12,082) (Ireland) Major
demonstration by 200,000 people against Irish Home Rule Bill in Belfast.
7/4/1912, Sunday (-12,084) Easter Sunday.
4/4/1912. Thursday (-12,087) (China) A Chinese republic was declared in Tibet.
1/4/1912, Monday (-12,090) (Technology)
Pyotr Nicolaievich Lebedev, Russian physicist, died in Moscow.
4/1912, Titanic sunk by iceberg. Bram Stoker died. Lena Massacre in
Russia.
====================================================================================
3/1912, Suffragette riots in London. Irish agitated for Home Rule in
Dublin. First parachute jump from a moving plane.
31/3/1912. Sunday (-12,091) (Ireland) Major
demonstration in Dublin for Irish Home Rule; 100,000 present.
30/3/1912. Saturday (-12,092) By the Treaty of� Fez, Morocco became a French protectorate.
This Treaty was terminated on 2/3/1956.
29/3/1912. Friday (-12,093) (Antarctic) Captain Robert Falcon Scott died in
his tent in Antarctica, returning from his expedition to the South Pole.
28/3/1912, Thursday (-12,094)
In the Boat Race, both Oxford�s and Cambridge�s boats sank. The race was
re-run.
27/3/1912. Wednesday (-12,095) British Labour leader and Prime
Minister 1976-1979,, James Callaghan,
was born in Portsmouth.
26/3/1912, Tuesday (-12,096) Tennessee Williams, US playwright, was
born (died 1983).
25/3/1912, Monday (-12,097) The Greek Liberal Party led by
Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos won a majority of seats in elections in
Greece.
24/3/1912, Sunday (-12,098) (Biology)
Biochemist Sidney Walter Fox was born in Los Angeles, California.
23/3/1912, Saturday (-12,099) (Space
exploration) Wernher von Braun,
German rocket scientist, was born in Wirsitz.
21/3/1912, Thursday (-12,101) (London)
The London Museum was opened, in Kensington Palace, by King George V.
17/3/1912, Sunday (-12,105) (Antarctic) Lawrence Oates died heroically during
the return journey from the South Pole. On his 32nd birthday he left
the tent, saying, �I am just going outside, and I may be some time�.
16/3/1912, Saturday (-12,106) (USA) Thelma
Nixon, wife of America�s 37th President, was born in Ely, Nevada, as
Thelma Ryan.
15/3/1912, Friday (-12,107)
Francis
Gruber, French painter, was born.
14/3/1912, Thursday (-12,108)
Clifford Bastin, footballer, was born (died 3/12/1991)
13/3/1912, Wednesday (-12,109) (Bulgaria, Greece-Turkey,
Yugoslavia)
Under Russian influence (wanting to undermine Austro-Hungary), Serbia and
Bulgaria buried their territorial rivalries for the time being (but see 29/6/1913),
and, along with Greece and Montenegro, formed the Balkan League. Originally
directed against the large multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire (which
contained many ethnic Serbs within its borders), the League redirected its
efforts against Ottoman Turkey, ultimately aiming to oust the Turks entirely
from all its European territories. Serbia and Bulgaria signed a mutual defence
pact. Balkan nationalism was on the rise. The pact also divided northern
Macedonia between them. It was assumed that southern Macedonia would be divided
between Bulgaria and Greece. On 30/5/1913 the Treaty of London divided up the
Balkans amongst the members of the Balkan League, leaving Ottoman Turkey with
only a sliver of European territory immediately west of Istanbul.
12/3/1912, Tuesday (-12,110) The
Girl Guide movement was founded in America by Juliette Gordon Low.
10/3/1912, Sunday (-12,112)
8/3/1912, Friday (-12,114) The foundation stone of
London�s County Hall was laid.
7/3/1912. Thursday (-12,115)
Henri Semiet made the first non-stop flight from London to Paris, taking
three hours.
6/3/1912, Wednesday (-12,116)
The
National Biscuit Company (now Nabisco) introduced the Oreo cookie.
5/3/1912, Tuesday (-12,117) British
police raided the offices of the Women�s Social and Political Union.
4/3/1912, Monday (-12,118) 96
women were arrested after a suffragette
raid on the House of Commons.
3/3/1912, Sunday (-12,119) Mexican
General Pascual Orozco, who had helped Francisco I. Madero win the revolution
of 1911 and become President of Mexico, declared a revolt against the Madero
government after having been denied a major role. Orozco and his followers, the
"Orozquistas", then assisted Victoriano Huerta in overthrowing Madero.
2/3/1912, Saturday (-12,120)
As
rioting broke out in response to the fall of the Manchu Dynasty in China,
Beijing was placed under martial law. Foreign troops arrived the next day to
protect the citizens of their respective nations.
1/3/1912, Friday (-12,121) (1) Suffragettes
smashed windows in the West End of London. Co-ordinated attacks by groups of
women with stones or hammers hidden under their muffs saw a trail of
destruction emerge within 20 minutes from Oxford Street to The Strand and Piccadilly;� two women also threw stones at 10 Downing
Street. 120 were arrested, including Emmeline Pankhurst. Suffragette militancy
had increased after they saw the Government grant concessions to striking railworkers
and miners, after strikes had escalated into civil disorder.
(2) The first
parachute jump from a moving plane was made, over Missouri, USA, by
Albert Berry. He jumped at 1500 feet over Jefferson Barracks, St Louis.
3/1912, Suffragette riots in London. Irish agitated for Home Rule in
Dublin. First parachute jump from a moving plane.
=====================================================================================
2/1912, Chinese Emperor abdicated. Eva Braun, mistress of Hitler, was
born.
29/2/1912, Thursday (-12,122) Military revolt in Beijing.
28/2/1912, Wednesday (-12,123) (Innovation-Military)
The Austrian, Gunter Burstyn, patented an armoured vehicle that preceded the
Tank. Although it did not have the continuous track that enabled Tanks to
traverse trenches and shell-holed ground, it did have front and rear ancillary
wheels on long pivots held above ground. These could be lowered to lever the
vehicle up and over steep edges.
14/2/1912. Wednesday (-12,137) Arizona became the 48th
state of the USA.
12/2/1912, Monday (-12,139) The Chinese Manchu dynasty came to an end when the weeping Empress,
Dowager Longyu, read out an edict of abdication on behalf of the 5-year-old
Chinese boy-Emperor, Pu-Yi. However the Imperial family were allowed to
continue to live in the Forbidden City, with a stipend of US$ 4 million a year.
11/2/1912, Sunday
(-12.140) The Niger-Chad border was delineated by the Governors-General of
French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa.
10/2/1912. Saturday (-12,141) Charles Lister. Lord Joseph Lister, surgeon
and discoverer of antiseptics, died aged 84 at Walmer, Kent.
6/2/1912, Tuesday (-12,145) Eva Braun, mistress of Adolf Hitler, was
born.
======================================================================================
1/1912, Africa National Congress formed. Irish Home Rule
rejected by Lords.
30/1/1912, Tuesday (-12,152) The UK House of Lords rejected
Irish Home Rule Bill.
20/1/1912, Saturday (-12,162) Lutske Wester, Dutch speed skater, died
(born 1870).
10/1/1912, Wednesday (-12,172) The first flying boat, designed
by Glenn Curtis, made its maiden voyage at Hammondsport, New York.
8/1/1912, Monday (-12,174) (South Africa)
The Africa National Congress (ANC) was formed in Bloemfontein, South Africa. It
was originally known as the South Africa Native National Congress (SANNC),
changing its name in 1923. Its aim was to restore the Zulu Nation, which had
been reduced to virtual slavery by the British after the war of 1879. Pixley ka
Isaka Seme was one of the founders, along with Alfred Mangena, D Montsoia and
RW Msimang.
6/1/1912. Saturday (-12,176) (USA) New
Mexico became the 47th State of the USA.
4/1/1912, Thursday (-12,178) (Geology)
Clarence Edward Dutton, US geologist, died in Eaglewood, New Jersey.
3/1/1912, Wednesday (-12,179)
The UK Cabinet was divided over votes for women.� Ulster Unionists said they would ignore Irish
Home Rule.
2/1/1912, Tuesday (-12,180)
1/1/1912. Monday (-12,181) (1) The
Republic of China was officially proclaimed.
(2) The British Post office took over the National
Telephone Company, for the sum of �12,515,264.
(3) Harold �Kim� Philby, the British traitor who spied
for Soviet intelligence, was born.
======================================================================================
12/1911, Amundsen beat Scott to South Pole. Aviation height record of
18,400 feet. Republican victory in China.
31/12/1911. Sunday (-12,182) Marie
Curie received her second Nobel prize, unprecedented in the history of the
award.
29/12/1911, Friday (-12,184)
Chinese revolutionary Dr Sun Yat Sen (1866-1925) became
the first President of the Republic of China.
14/12/1911. Thursday (-12,199) (1) The Norwegian explorer Roald
Amundsen beat the British team, led by Captain Scott, to the South Pole. The British relied on
motorised transport and ponies, the Norwegians on dog sleds. Captain Scott
arrived at the South Pole on 17/1/1912 to find the Norwegians had beaten him to
it. Scott set out with 11 men from Cape Evans, Antarctica, on 24/10/1911; his
motorised sledges soon broke down, and the ponies had to be shot due to the
cold. Therefore the hardest part of Scott�s journey, the part from the final
food dump (left for the return journey) to the South Pole, 240 kilometres, and
back, had to be done on foot with barely a month�s provision for the five men
attempting the journey. On the return journey blizzards slowed Scott�s team,
reducing their daily rations.
(2)
Miss Eleanor Davies Colley, MB London, became the first woman to be admitted to
the Royal College of Surgeons.
13/12/1911,
Wednesday (-12,200)
The P & O liner Delhi foundered with the Princess Royal on board, but she
and most of the other passengers on board were rescued.
12/12/1911, Tuesday (-12,201) King
George V was crowned Emperor of India, and founded the city of New Delhi, as
new capital to replace Calcutta.
11/12/1912, Monday (-12,200) (Aviation)
R Garros, France, set a new aviation record of 18,406 feet.
10/12/1911, Sunday (-12,203)
7/12/1911, Thursday (-12,206) China
abolished men�s pigtails.
6/12/1911. Wednesday (-12,207)
Russia announced that Mongolia was
a Russian protectorate.
2/12/1911, Saturday (-12,211) Chinese
Republicans captured Nanking.
12/1911, Amundsen beat Scott to South Pole. Aviation height record of
18,400 feet. Republican victory in China.
=====================================================================================
11/1911. World�s first air raid. First airmail service. Worker unrest in
South Wales.
29/11/1911, Wednesday (-12,214) The US journalist Joseph Pulitzer
died.
13/11/1911. Monday (-12,230) Bonar Law became leader of the Tory
Party, succeeding Arthur James Balfour.
12/11/1911. Sunday (-12,231) Rev. Chad Varah, founder of The
Samaritans, was born
11/11/1911. Saturday (-12,232) The British King and Queen left
Britain for the sea voyage to India. On 12/12/1911 there was a splendid
ceremony at the Delhi Durbar, at which it was announced that henceforth Delhi
would be the capital of India in place of Calcutta.
10/11/1911, Friday (-12,233)
The first regular civil airmail service began between Hounslow (London) and
Paris. Mail was surcharged at 2s 6d an ounce, of which the airline received
b2s. The high price deterred customers, and an average of only 46 letters a day
were carried.
9/11/1911, Thursday (-12,234)
A squadron of soldiers, the 18th Hussars, with rifles, patrolled the
streets of Tonypandy, south Wales, after clashes between striking miners and
the police, in which the police had been stoned.
8/11/1911, Wednesday (-12,235) Arthur Balfour, Conservative
leader, resigned.
7/11/1911, Tuesday (-12,236) (Jewish)
Walter Schlomo Gross, Jewish journalist, was born.
6/11/1911, Monday (-12,237) Madero made himself President of Mexico.
5/11/1911. Sunday (-12,238) Italy announced that it had taken from
Turkey the territories of Libya, Tripolitania, and Cyrenaica.
4/11/1911, Saturday (-12,239) Germany settled the Morocco crisis with
France. Germany agreed to allow France a free hand in Morocco, in exchange for
territory in the Congo.
3/11/1911, Friday (-12,240) Death of Norman Jay Colman, the first US
Secretary of Agriculture (born 16/5/1827).
2/11/1911, Thursday
(-12,241) Kyrle Bellew, English actor, died aged 61.
1/11/1911. Wednesday (-12,242) (1) The world�s first air raid. The
Italian, Lt Guilio Gavotti, took off from Tripoli and dropped a 2 kg bomb on
the Turks at Ain Zara, Tripolitania; he then dropped three more such bombs on
Turkish troops at Tagiura. A second air raid on Ain Zara three days later
brought a strong protest from the Turks that the Italians were contravening the
Geneva Convention, and considerable world-wide discussion ensued on the ethics
of air bombardment.
(2) The first edition of Woman�s Weekly was published. See 2/11/1903, Daily Mirror as
woman�s newspaper. See also 2/11/1924, first British crossword.
11/1911. World�s first air raid. First airmail service. . Worker unrest in
South Wales.
=====================================================================================
10/1911, First escalators on London Underground. Italy defeated Turkey
in Libya. Chinese Emperor losing power. Last horse bus in London.
31/10/1911, Tuesday (-12,243) J.J. Montgomery, 55, American aeronautical
engineer, died in a plane crash
30/10/1911, Monday (-12,244) Guided by the Regent, Prince Chun,
the Emperor Pu Yi granted China a constitution. This was to combat growing
support for the rebel Republican army of Sun Yat Sen.
29/10/1911. Sunday (-12,245) (1) First stone of the Drury Lane Theatre laid.
(2) Joseph Pulitzer, US newspaper publisher who instituted an
annual journalism prize, died.
28/10/1911, Saturday (-12,246) China's new National Assembly demanded
three reforms: a cabinet of ministers without Manchu nobility; an amnesty for
persons who committed political offences, and a permanent constitution.
27/10/1911, Friday (-12,247) After a bank robbery in
Paris, the three criminals involved made the first ever getaway in a motor car.
26/10/1911, Thursday (-12,248)
Mahalia Jackson, gospel singer, was born.
25/10/1911. Wednesday (-12,249) The last horse bus ran in London,
from London Bridge station to Moorgate Street.
24/10/1911, Tuesday (-12,250) The
advance team for Robert Scott's British Antarctic Expedition, Bernard Day, Tom
Lashly, F.J. Hooper and Teddy Evans, set off with food and supplies from Cape Evans.
Scott and his party set off on November 1
23/10/1911. Monday (-12,251) (1) First aerial reconnaissance in
warfare. The Italian Captain Piazza, during the Italian Turkish war of 1910-11,
took off from Tripoli and flew over Turkish troops camped at Aziza.
(2) Winston Churchill was appointed First
Lord of the Admiralty.
20/10/1911. Friday (-12,254) Italy defeated the Turks at Tripoli,
Libya.
18/10/1911, Wednesday (-12,256)
Wrigleys launched their Spearmint Gum in the UK. They set up a factory in
Wembley in 1927, moving to Plymouth in 1970.
11/10/1911. Wednesday (-12,263)
Earthquake in California killed 700.
10/10/1911, Tuesday (-12,264) The Imperial Manchu Dynasty, which
had ruled China since 1644, was forced to abdicate �voluntarily� and a Kuomintang
Republic was proclaimed at Wuchang, under Sun Yat-Sen.
9/10/1911, Monday (-12,265) The King George V, Britain�s
biggest battleship to date, was launched.
6/10/1911. Friday (-12,268) Barbara Castle, British Labour
politician, was born.
4/10/1911. Wednesday (-12,270) Britain�s first escalators were
introduced, connecting the District and Piccadilly lines at Earl�s Court
station in London.
10/1911, First escalators on London Underground. Italy defeated Turkey
in Libya. Chinese Emperor losing power. Lasst horse bus in London.
=====================================================================================
9/1911, Italy declared war on Turkey, after assurances of
European neutrality. Libya was invaded, also some Aegean Islands. Arab
resistance encountered.
30/9/1911. Saturday (-12,274) Italian
troops attacked the Turks in Tripoli harbour.
29/9/1911. Friday (-12,275) (Italy, Greece, N Africa) Italy
declared war on Turkey, having been assured of the neutrality of other European
countries.� The Italian Navy bombarded Preveza, and
Italian forces landed at Tripoli and in Cyrenicia. This was in retaliation for
the alleged mistreatment of Italians in Libya. The Italians expected the Arabs
to welcome them as liberators from Turkish rule, but instead the Arabs sided
with the Turks in resisting Italian rule. In May 1912 Italy invaded some
islands off Turkey, including Rhodes, to put further pressure on Turkey. Then
Italy had some unexpected good fortune when in 1912 Montenegro, Serbia,
Bulgaria and Greece started the Balkan War against Turkey, forcing the Ottomans
to surrender Libya to Italy. However Arab resistance continued and despite a
permanent Italian garrison of 50,000 troops Italian rule only covered Tripoli
and other major towns. At least, though, Italy could now claim to have its own
African colony.
24/9/1911, Sunday (12,280)
Konstantin Chernenko, Soviet politician, was born.
14/9/1911, Thursday (-12,290)
Russian Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin was assassinated when a police double
agent shot him at the opera in Kiev; he died on 18/9/1911. He had held the post
for 6 years; his predecessor managed only one year, in the turmoil of Russian
politics. He was ruthless and simply crushed any opposition, which made him
unpopular and he fell out with the Tsar, Nicholas, also his Council of
Ministers and the Duma (Parliament).
9/9/1911, Saturday (-12,295)
The first experimental airmail service in Britain began, operating between Hendon
aerodrome and Windsor, 19 miles . The service was discontinued on 26/9/1911.
6/9/1911. Wednesday (-12,298)
The British TUC condemned the use of troops in strikes.
5/9/1911, Tuesday (-12,299) The
first adult literacy school in the United States began, when Cora Wilson
Stewart, school superintendent for Rowan County, Kentucky, began what she
called the Moonlight Schools. The night classes at the county's 50 schools took
place so long as the Moon was bright enough for students to safely travel. She
had expected that 150 might come; however, 1,200 signed up.
4/9/1911. Monday (-12,300) Flooding
along China�s Yangtze River killed 100,000 people.
3/9/1911, Sunday (-12,301)
2/9/1911, Saturday (-12,302) John Peterson, boxer, was born (died
22/11/1990).
9/1911, Italy declared war on Turkey, after assurances of
European neutrality. Libya was invaded, also some Aegean Islands. Arab
resistance encountered.
====================================================================================
8/1911, Germany fortified Heligoland. UK passed Official Secrets
Bill. German naval expansion.
30/8/1911, Wednesday (-12,305)
29/8/1911, Tuesday (-12,306)
John Charnley, British surgeon, was born (died 1982)
28/8/1911, Monday (-12,307) A
heat wave sent the mortality rate in London soaring to 19 per 1,000.
27/8/1911. Sunday (-12,308) At
Hamburg the German Kaiser made his �place in the sun� speech, foreshadowing a
large increase in the German navy. Britain responded by increasing its navy,
although Anglo-German relations remained friendly.
26/8/1911, Saturday (-12,309) A heatwave killed 2,500
children in London.
24/8/1911, Thursday (-12,311)
23/8/1911, Wednesday (-12,312)
Violent anti-Semitic riots in Wales.
22/8/1911, Tuesday (-12,313)
The Mona Lisa was stolen from The Louvre, Paris.
21/8/1911, Monday (-12,314)
18/8/1911. Friday (-12,317) In
the UK, the Official Secrets Bill got Royal Assent.
17-19/8/1911. Railway strike in the UK. Armed troops were called
out to assist the police in safeguarding the nation�s food supplies. Food
convoys left main railway goods junctions under heavy guard.
16/8/1911, Wednesday (-12,319) E
F Schumacher, German economist and statistician, was born (died 1977).
15/8/1911, Tuesday (-12,320)
14/8/1911, Monday (-12,321)
South Wales miners ended their strike after 14 months.
13/8/1911, Sunday (-12,322) Rioting
broke out in Liverpool after Tom Mann and other trade unionists held mass
meetings near St George�s Hall.
12/8/1911, Saturday (-12,323)
10/8/1911, Thursday (-12,325) In the House of Lords Tory
peers abstained, thereby allowing passage of the controversial budget delayed
from a year ago. MPs salaries were now �400 a year.
9/8/1911, Wednesday (-12,326) (Aviation)
Captain Felix, France, set a new aviation record of 10,466 feet.
8/8/1911. Tuesday (-12,327) Violence
flared in Liverpool�s streets as a nationwide strike continued. The strike by
railwaymen, dockers, and other transport workers threatened a nationwide
famine, and warships stood by to help merchant ships off Liverpool to unload.
50,000 troops stood by in Liverpool.
5/8/1911, Saturday (-12,330) The entire Kowloon to Canton railway
opened.
3/8/1911. Thursday (-12,332) Aeroplanes were put to military
use, when Italian planes reconnoitred the Turkish lines near Tripoli.
1/8/1911. Tuesday (-12,334) Germany began to fortify
Heligoland, a small island in the North Sea.
8/1911, Germany fortified Heligoland. UK passed Official Secrets
Bill. German naval expansion.
=====================================================================================
7/1911, Britain began preparing for war with Germany. Georges
Pompidou was born. Aviation altitude record 10,400 feet.
28/7/1911, Friday (-12,338) The French Chief of Staff resigned
over the Dreyfus Affair.
21/7/1911, Friday (-12,345) Lloyd George, Chancellor of
the Exchequer, warned Germany not to threaten British interests in the western
Mediterranean, or Gibraltar.� See
1/7/1911.� Germany denied such ambitions,
but Britain began preparing for war with Germany.
20/7/1911, Thursday (-12,346)
20 rioters in Wales shot dead by troops.
19/7/1911, Wednesday (-12,347)
The Liver Building in Liverpool was opened.
18/7/1911, Tuesday (-12,348)
Hermann Adler, British chief rabbi (born 30/5/1839) died.
15/7/1911, Saturday (-12,351)
10/7/1911, Monday (-12,356)
Russia warned Germany that it supported France in the Morocco crisis.
9/7/1911, Sunday (-12,357) (Astronomy)
John Archibald Wheeler was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He coined the term
Black Hole to describe an object so massive not even light can escape.
8/7/1911, Saturday (-12,358) (Aviation)
M Loridan, France, set a new aviation altitude record of 10.,423 feet.
6/7/1911, Thursday (-12,360)
5/7/1911. Wednesday (-12,361)
(France)
Birth of Georges Pompidou, in Montboudif, Auvergne. He was French President
from 1969 until his death in 1974.
4/7/1911, Tuesday (-12,362) (Aviation) The
first air cargo was delivered; a box of Osram lamps.
3/7/1911, Monday (-12,363)
Joseph Hardstaff, cricketer, was born (died 1/1/1990).
2/7/1911, Sunday (-12,364) Diego
Fabbri, Italian playwright, was born in Forl�.
1/7/1911, Saturday (-12,365) (1) The Shops Act provided for a half-day holiday
for shop workers.
(2) (Morocco, France-Germany)
Germany sent the gunboat Panther to
Agadir, Morocco, to protect German commercial interests there from French
expansion in Morocco.� Britain was
concerned about Germany�s ambitions in Africa so close to Gibraltar.� See 21/7/1911.
7/1911, Britain began preparing for war with Germany. Georges
Pompidou was born. Aviation altitude record 10,400 feet.
=====================================================================================
6/1911, Coronation of King George V. Aviation speed record of 78 mph.
Suffragette protest in London.
30/6/1911, Friday (-12,366) In London, the population of
Barnet was 11,335; in 1901 it had been 3,375.
28/6/1911, Wednesday (-12,368)
Japan signed a commercial treaty with France.
23/6/1911. Friday (-12,373) Coronation
of King George V.
22/6/1911, Thursday (-12,374) Liverpool�s Liver Clock,
called �Great George�, began showing the time.
21/6/1911, Wednesday (-12,375) The
ship RMS Olympic completed its first transatlantic trip, arriving in New York
after a voyage of 5 days, 16 hours and 42 minutes.
20/6/1911, Tuesday (-12,376) Britain�s
first trolley bus ran, in Leeds.
19/6/1911, Monday (-12,377)
17/6/1911. Saturday (-12,379) In the UK, 60,000 women demonstrated
for women�s suffrage, marching through London to a meeting at the Albert Hall.
16/6/1911. Friday (-12,380) The
French army occupied Fez, in Morocco.
14/6/1911, Wednesday (-12,382)
12/6/1911, Monday (-12,384) (Aviation)
A Leblanc, France, set a new aviation speed record of 77.68 mph.
11/6/1911, Sunday (-12,385) Thomas
Price, speedway champion, was born.
10/6/1911, Saturday (-12,386)
9/6/1911, Friday (-12,387)
Carry Amelia Nation, US campaigner for abstention from alcohol, died aged 64.
8/6/1911, Thursday (-12,388)
The Birkbeck Bank, London, crashed.
7/6/1911. Wednesday (-12,389)
A severe earthquake shook Mexico City, killing over 100.
3/6/1911, Saturday (-12,392)
6/1911, Coronation of King George V. Aviation speed record of 78 mph.
Suffragette protest in London.
====================================================================================
5/1911, UK agreed to Home Rule for Ireland. Standard Oil, USA, broken
up. Titanic launched in Belfast.
31/5/1911. Wednesday (-12,396)
The Titanic was launched at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast.
30/5/1911, Tuesday (-12,397) The Indianapolis motor race
was first held.
29/5/1911, Monday (-12,398) W S
Gilbert, English poet and dramatist, died aged 75.
28/5/1911, Sunday (-12,399)
27/5/1911, Saturday (-12,400) Hubert
Humphrey, US politician, was born (died 1978).
26/5/1911, Friday (-12,401) The
German Reichstag granted the former French territory of Alsace-Lorraine its own
legislature and a large measure of autonomy.
25/5/1911, Thursday (-12,402)
(1) The Mexican dictator Portofirio Diaz was
ousted after 45 years rule.
(2) (Aviation) Britain
passed the Aerial Navigation Act, giving powers to ban hostile flights.
23/5/1911, Tuesday (-12,404) Betty Nuthall, tennis champion, was born
(died 8/11/1993).
20/5/1911, Saturday (-12,407) Edward Grace, cricketer, died (born
28/11/1841).
18/5/1911. Thursday (-12,409) The composer Gustav Mahler died of
heart disease in Austria, aged 51.
16/5/1911, Tuesday (-12,411) The
Victoria Memorial in London was unveiled.
15/5/1911, Monday (-12,412) (1) (USA) After a long legal battle the US Supreme
Court ordered that Standard Oil be broken up into 34 smaller companies,
including Mobil Oil, Chevron and Exxon. Standard Oil had become a huge monopoly
through trust agreements signed by its leader John D Rockerfeller in 1882, that
gave it control over 75% of US refining capacity, 90% of US pipelines, and 15%
of creude oil products. Standard Oil also had interests in gas, copper, iron,
steel, shipping, banks, and railroad companies. The State of Ohio challenged
this monopoly in Court , and in 1890 US Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust
Act, giving the Federal US Government the power to regulate corporate trusts
that extended across State boundaries, In the 1904 Presidential Election
Theodore Roosevelt began a trust-busting campaign, culminating in the 1911
Supreme Court decision against Standard Oil.
(2) King George V and his cousin the Kaiser reasserted
their friendship.
13/5/1911, Saturday (-12,414)
12/5/1911. Friday (-12,415) Display
of military aviation at Hendon. The Festival of Empire opened at Crystal
Palace.
11/5/1911, Thursday (-12,416)
The Mexican rebel Francisco Madero established a new capital at Ciudad Juarez.
10/5/1911, Wednesday (-12,417)
9/5/1911, Tuesday (-12,418) The British Parliament agreed
to Home Rule for Ireland.
8/5/1911, Monday (-12,419) A
direct telephone link was established between New York and Denver.
5/1911, UK agreed to Home Rule for Ireland. Standard Oil, USA, broken
up. Titanic launched in Belfast.
===================================================================================
4/1911, Author�s copyright Bill in UK. Women enfranchised in Portugal,
but not in Massachusetts.
30/4/1911, Sunday (-12,427) Women got the vote in Portugal.
16/4/1911, Sunday (-12,441) Easter Sunday. Guy Burgess, English civil servant who spied for
the Russians, was born in Devonport. He died in August 1963 in a Moscow
hospital.
8/4/1911, Saturday (-12,449) (Biology)
Melvin Calvin was born in St Paul, Minnesota, USA. In 1945 he investigated
photosynthesis in plants using carbon-14.
7/4/1911, Friday (-12,450) The House of Commons gave a
second reading to a Bill giving copyright during an author�s lifetime and for
50 years after their death.
6/4/1911, Thursday (-12,451) (Biology)
Feodor Lynen, medical researcher, was born in Munich., Germany.
5/4/1911, Wednesday (+12,452)
Gordon
Jones, actor, was born in Alden, Iowa, USA.
4/4/1911, Tuesday (-12,453) (1) The Duke of Marlborough and other former pupils
at Eton opposed the abolition of birching at the school.
(2) Massachusetts refused to give women the right to
vote.
3/4/1911, Monday (-12,458)
Japan and Britain signed a commercial treaty.
2/4/1911, Sunday (-12,459) Myrtle
Maclagan, cricketer, was born (died 11/3/1993).
=====================================================================================
3/1911, Atomic nucleus discovered. UK expanded its Navy. First woman
MP in Norway.
31/3/1911. Friday (-12,457) UK shop-workers won the fight for a
60-hour week.
28/3/1911, Tuesday (-12,460) Herve de Toulgoet, French entomologist,
was born (died 14/9/2009)
26/3/1911, Sunday (-12,462) Tennessee
Williams, US playwright, was born in Columbus, Mississippi.
25/3/1911, Saturday (-12,463) Jack
Ruby, American nightclub owner, and killer of Lee Harvey Oswald, was born as
Jack Rubenstein in Chicago (died 1967).
24/3/1911. Friday (-12,464) Denmark
abolished the death penalty.
21/3/1911, Tuesday (-12,467) Augustus Risman, rugby player, was born
(died 17/10/1994).
18/3/1911, Saturday (-12,470)
Italian Prime Minister Luzzatti resigned.
17/3/1911. Friday (-12,471) In
Norway, Anna Rogstadt took her place as the country�s first woman MP.
14/3/1911, Tuesday (-12,474)
10/3/1911. Friday (-12,478) France
adopted Greenwich Mean Time as standard time across the country.
9/3/1911, Thursday (-12,479)
The British Government announced that five more battleships were to be
built.
7/3/1911, Tuesday (-12,481) (Atomic)
New Zealand physicist Ernest Lord Rutherford (1871-1937) discovered the atomic
nucleus. He conducted an experiment in which he fired alpha particles (helium
nuclei) at a sheet of gold foil just 0.0004 mm thick, with detectors placed
around the sheet, Some particles passed through but some were deflected or even
bounced back. This suggested that atoms had a small region of strong central
resistance in a much less dense area occupied by the electrons.
1/3/1911, Wednesday (-12,487) Harry Golombek, chess player, was born
(died 7/1/1995).
3/1911, Atomic nucleus discovered. UK expanded its Navy. First woman
MP in Norway.
=====================================================================================
2/1911. Germany to expand its Army. First official airmail flight.
First Monte Carlo car rally.
24/2/1911, Friday (-12,492)
The Reichstag voted to increase the German Army by half a million men.
23/2/1911, Thursday (-12,493) Quanah
Parker, 65, Principal Chief of the Comanche Nation, died.
22/2/1911, Wednesday (-12,494)
Canada voted to remain a part of the British Empire.
21/2/1911, Tuesday (-12,495)
Japan and the US signed a commercial treaty in Washington.
20/2/1911, Monday (-12,496)
18/2/1911. Saturday (-12,498) The
first official airmail flight. Henri Pecquet flew a load of 6,000 letters and
cards 5 miles from Allahabad, India, to Naini Junction, where they were
transferred to the railway.
17/2/1911, Friday (-12,499) The
city of Lakewood, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, was incorporated.
16/2/1911, Thursday (-12,500) The first Monte Carlo car
rally started.
11/2/1911, Saturday (-12,505)
6/2/1911. Monday (-12,510) (1) Ronald
Reagan, American Republican and 40th President, was born in
Tampico, Illinois.
(2) The Labour Party elected Ramsay MacDonald as its
leader, replacing Kier Hardie.
(3) A large part of Constantinople was destroyed in a
fire.
5/2/1911, Sunday (-12,511)
Revolution in Haiti was suppressed after its leader, General Montreuil
Guillaume, was captured by government troops and shot.
4/2/1911, Saturday (-12,512) Rolls
Royce adopted the Sprit of Ecstasy
statuette on their cars, made in Derby, England.
1/2/1911, Wednesday (-12,515) HMS Thunderer, the last battleship to be built on the Thames, was
launched from the old Thames Ironworks at Silvertown.
2/1911. Germany to expand its Army. First official airmail flight.
First Monte Carlo car rally.
=====================================================================================
1/1911,� Last battleship built on the Thames.
Ecuador-Peru border dispute. Oil found in Borneo.
30/1/1911, Monday (-12,517) Jack Besford, swimmer, was born.
25/1/1911. Wednesday (-12,522) US troops were sent to Rio Grande
in the Mexican Civil War.
21/1/1911. Saturday (-12,526) The
first Monte Carlo Rally began. It was won, seven days later, by Henri Rougier
from France.
20/1/1911, Friday (-12,527)
Ecuador refused to allow the Hague Tribunal to arbitrate in its boundary
dispute with Peru.
19/1/1911, Thursday (-12,528)
18/1/1911. Wednesday (-12,529)
US pilot Eugene Ely, in a Curtiss aircraft, made the first landing on the deck
of a ship; the cruiser Pennsylvania in San Francisco Bay.
17/1/1911, Tuesday (-12,530) Sir
Francis Galton, English scientist and writer on eugenics, died aged 88.
16/1/1911, Monday (-12,531)
Major oil find in Borneo.
14/1/1911, Saturday (-12,533)
12/1/1911, Thursday (-12,535)
Thelma Kingsbury, badminton champion, was born.
11/1/1911, Wednesday (-12,536)
(1)
The Jehovah�s Witnesses released their film, The Photodrama of Creation, in New York. By the end of 1911 nine
million people had seen it, mainly in N America, Europe, Australia and New
Zealand.
(2) 18 killed
in riots in Bombay, India.
3/1/1911. Tuesday (-12,544) The siege of Sydney Street took
place when 1,000 police and soldiers besieged three anarchists suspected of
killing three policemen at a house in London�s East End. 2 Anarchists were
killed as the house caught fire; the ringleader, �Peter the Painter�, escaped.
1/1911,� Last battleship built on the Thames.
Ecuador-Peru border dispute. Oil found in Borneo.
======================================================================================
12/1910, Neon lighting first used, at Paris Motor Show. Irish Home
Rule discussed in UK.
29/12/1910, Thursday (-12,549) Reginald Doherty, tennis champion, died
(born 14/10/1872).
20/12/1910. Tuesday (-12,558) Liberals and Tories tied in the UK
general election. Liberals and Conservatives got 272 seats each (from 397
Liberal MPs). The Liberals under Herbert Asquith remained in power with the
backing of 42 Labour MPs and 84 Irish Nationalists. The Tories lost support
because their blocking of the Budget landed Britain with a �10 million debt. If
the House of Lords still blocked the Budget, Asquith threatened to create 300
new peers to ensure it passed, a measure reluctantly agreed to by King George
V. Reform of the powers of the House of Lords has now become a major political
issue. This issue sidelined Liberal policies for home rule for Wales and
Scotland. In the event, World War One also delayed home rule for Ireland.
18/12/1910. Sunday (-12,560) Mr Tom Sopwith won a �4,000 aviation
prize by flying from Eastchurch, Sheppey, to Beaumont, Belgium. He covered the
177 miles in 3 � hours.
16/12/1910, Friday (-12,562) Frederick Brown, cricketer, was born (died
24/7/1991).
11/12/1910, Sunday (-12,567) In
elections for the Greek National Assembly, supporters of Venizelos received 300
seats out of 364.
10/12/1910, Saturday (-12,568)
In the UK, the Liberal agenda included Irish Home Rule and abolition of the
House of Lords.
9/12/1910, Friday (-12,569) The Turks suppressed an Arab
uprising in Palestine.
8/12/1910, Thursday (-12,570) (Aviation)
G Legagneux, France, set a new aviation altitude record of 10,171 feet.
5/12/1910, Monday (-12,573)
A convoy of barges on the River Volga sank, killing 350 workmen.
3/12/1910. Saturday (-12,575) (1) The
first neon lighting was used, at the Paris Motor Show. In 1910, in Britain, an
Austin car, �Ascot� model, cost �420. It had 15 horsepower, and the hood,
windscreen, windshield, and headlights were extra.
(2) Mary Baker Eddy, American founder of the Christian
Scientists, died.
(3) France occupied the Moroccan port of Agadir.
12/1910, Neon lighting first used, at Paris Motor Show. Irish Home
Rule discussed in UK.
====================================================================================
11/1910, First aeroplane take off from a ship. Suffragette protest in
London. Dr Crippen was hanged.
23/11/1910, Wednesday (-12,585) The American Dr Hawley Crippen
was hanged in London�s Pentonville Prison for the murder of his wife, Cora.
20/11/1910, Sunday (-12,588) (Mexico) Francisco
Madero began a rebellion against the corrupt and repressive regime of Porfirio
Diaz.
19/11/1910, Saturday (-12,589)
Alessandro Mussolini, father of the Italian dictator, died, aged 56.
18/11/1910, Friday (-12,590) (Women�s Rights) Black Friday, when 119 suffragettes stormed
the House of Commons. Mrs Mary Clarke, sister of Emmeline Pankhurst, and
Cecelia Wolsey Haig both died as a result of this incident, The enxt day
Winston Churchill ordered that charges against 100 women from this episode be
dropped.
14/11/1910. Monday (-12,594) (1) There
were more than 100 arrests when suffragettes tried to storm the House of
Commons.
(2) Pilot Eugene Ely, in a Curtiss biplane, made the
first take-off from a ship, the US light cruiser Birmingham, at anchor in
Chesapeake Bay.
8/11/1910, Tuesday (-12,600)
Fulke Walwyn, champion jockey, was born (died18/2/1991).
7/11/1910,
Monday (-12,601) Leo Tolstoy, author of
War and Peace and Anna Karenina, died.
2/11/1910,
Wednesday (-12,606)
=====================================================================================
10/1910,
End of
Portuguese monarchy. Dr Crippen convicted. Aviation record of 9,711 feet
altitude.
31/10/1910,
Monday (-12,610) (Aviation)
R Johnston, USA, set a new aviation altitude record of 9,711 feet.
30/10/1910.
Sunday (-12,609) Henri Durant, Swiss founder of the Red
Cross in 1863, died.
29/10/1910,
Saturday (-12,610) A J Ayer, British philosopher, was born
(died 1989).
26/10/1910,
Wednesday (-12,613)
23/10/1910,
Sunday (-12,616) Vajiravudh (1881-1925) was crowned Rama VI,
King of Thailand.
22/10/1910.
Saturday (-12,617) American born Dr Hawley Harvey
Crippen was convicted at the Old Bailey of poisoning his wife Belle Elmore. The
trial began on 18/10/1910. Born in Michigan, USA, Crippen achieved notoriety as
a poisoner. He graduated from Michigan University, and married. He then moved
to England where he worked as a dentist and medicine salesman. After a party at
his home in Holloway, London, on 31/1/1910, he poisoned his wife. The police
began inquiries after he brought a young typist, Ethel Le Neve, to live in the
house. The couple fled, and the remains of Crippen�s wife Belle were found in
the cellar on 14/7/1910. Crippen was caught after the captain of the ocean
liner Montrose radioed a message
about two suspicious passengers to Scotland Yard. He was arrested on SS
Montrose on 31/7/1910, with Ethel dressed as a boy. He was charged on
29/8/1910. This was the first time radio had been used to track down a
criminal. Crippen was hanged on 23/11/1910 at Pentonville Prison, still
protesting his innocence.
21/10/1910,
Friday (-12,618)
20/10/1910,
Thursday (-12,619) (Maritime)
The Titanic�s sister ship, RMS Olympic, was launched from the Harland and Wolf
shipyard in Belfast. She didn�t sink, earning the nickname �Old Reliable�.
19/10/1910,
Wednesday (-12,620) (Astronomy)
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian astronomer, was born in Lahore. In 1931 he
predicted that white dwarf stars can only exist if their mass is below 1.4x the
Sun, now known as the Chandrasekhar�s Limit.
18/10/1909, Tuesday
(-12,621) Francis Lathrop, US artist, died (born 22/6/1849).
17/10/1910,
Monday (-12,622) Julia Howe, US author, died
(born 27/5/1819).
10/10/1910, Monday (-12,629)
3/10/1910, Monday (-12,636) (Portugal) A
revolution in Portugal ousted King Manoel II after a 2-year reign. The monarch,
set up in 1128, ended. He and his mother left for England, where he died in
1932, and Portugal became a Republic under 67-year-old Teofilo Braga, on
7/10/1910.
2/10/1910, Sunday (-12,637) (Space
Exploration) The asteroid Interamnia, seventh largest in the Solar
System (300 km in diameter) was discovered by Italian astronomer Vincenzo
Cerulli from an observatory in Teramo.
1/10/1910, Saturday (-12,638) (1) (Railway
Tunnels) The Ricken rail tunnel, Switzerland, 8.603 km long, opened on
the Wattwil-Uznach line.
(2) Bonnie Parker, US outlaw of the
Bonnie and Clyde duo, was born in Rowena, Texas.
(3) The line from the tip of Kowloon, Hong Kong, to the
Sino-British border opened, see 5/8/1911.
10/1910,
End of
Portuguese monarchy. Dr Crippen convicted. Aviation record of 9,711 feet
altitude.
======================================================================================
9/1910, First scheduled aviation service. First crossing of
Alps by plane. Outboard motor patented.
30/9/1910, Friday (-12,639) US terrorist J.B. McNamara
planted a time bomb in a passage beneath the headquarters of the Los Angeles
Times newspaper, with 16 sticks of dynamite set to explode after working hours.
Two other bombs were placed outside the homes of the Times owner and the
secretary of the Merchants and Manufacturers Association. The bomb outside the
Times building detonated shortly after 1:00 a.m. on Saturday, triggering an
explosion of natural gas lines and setting a fire that killed 20 newspaper
employees.
29/9/1910, Thursday (-12,640) US artist Winslow Homer died at his
studio in Maine.
23/9/1910, Friday (-12,646) (Aviation)
First crossing of the Alps by aeroplane.
19/9/1910, Monday (-12,650)
Nellie Halstead, athlete, was born.
17/9/1910, Saturday (-12,652) A
London doctor stated that if lunacy kept increasing at the current rate, the
sane would be outnumbered by the insane within 40 years.
16/9/1910, Friday (-12,653) (Innovation)
Ole Evinrude patented the outboard motor.
12/9/1910. Monday (-12,657) The
world�s first policewoman, Alice Stebbins Wells, formerly a social worker,
joined the Los Angeles Police.
7/9/1910, Wednesday (-12,662) William
Hunt, English artist, died (born 2/4/1827).
9/1910, First scheduled aviation service. First crossing of
Alps by plane. Outboard motor patented.
======================================================================================
8/1910, Montenegro seceded from Turkey. Talking movies
demonstrated. Florence Nightingale died.
29/8/1910, Monday (-12,671) Dr Crippen was charged with murder.
28/8/1910. Sunday (-12,672) (Eastern Europe,
Turkey)Montenegro
declared independence from Turkey under King Nicholas I, 69, who ruled for 9
years.
27/8/1910. Saturday (-12,673) (1) Thomas Edison, in New Jersey, demonstrated
talking movie pictures for the first time in his New Jersey laboratory. He used
a device that was part phonograph, part camera, to record sounds and pictures
simultaneously. He predicted that moving pictures with sound in colour would
soon be possible.
(2) Mother Teresa of Calcutta, who dedicated her life to
the relief of the poor in India, was born in Skopje (Yugoslavia), of Albanian
parents.
26/8/1910, Friday (-12,674) (Medical)
William James, US psychologist, was born in Chocorua, new Hampshire.
24/8/1910, Wednesday (-12,676)
22/8/1910. Monday (-12,678) Japan
formally annexed Korea.
21/8/1910, Sunday (-12,679) First
meeting of the Greek National Assembly (officially opened by the King on
14/9/1910).
17/8/1910, Wednesday (-12,683)
14/8/1910, Sunday (-12,686) A fire at the World
Exhibition, Brussels, destroyed some paintings.
13/8/1910. Saturday (-12,687) Florence
Nightingale, born 12/5/1820, died in London aged 90. See 16/3/1908, 29/11/1907,
and 4/11/1854.
12/8/1910, Friday (-12,688) Yusof
bin Ishak, first President of Singapore 1965�70, was born in Perak State (died
1970)
11/8/1910.
Thursday (-12,689)
Mr Drexel set a new aviation altitude record, reaching 6,750 feet in
a Bleriot monoplane.
3/8/1910.
Wednesday (-12,697) Muslim Druzes
killed 100 Jews in Palestine.
8/1910, Montenegro seceded from Turkey. Talking movies
demonstrated. Florence Nightingale died.
=====================================================================================
7/1910,
Aviation
altitude record of 6,200 feet. Dr Crippen arrested.
31/7/1910,
Sunday (-12,700) The murderer Dr Crippen was arrested
aboard the SS Montrose just before docking in Quebec.� He was the first criminal to be captured by
the use of wireless.
27/7/1910.
Wednesday (-12,704) (Greece) Turkey
threatened Greece with war if it accepted Cretan representatives in Parliament.
12/7/1910,
Tuesday (-12,719) (Road Travel)
Charles Stewart Rolls, aviator and co-founder of Rolls Royce, died at an
air crash in Bournemouth.
11/7/1910, Monday (-12,720) (Newspapers)
Henry Dexter, founder of American News Company, died.
10/7/1910, Sunday (-12,721) Johann Galle, German astronomer who made the
first observation of the planet Neptune, died.
9/7/1910, Saturday (-12,722) (Aviation)
Walter Brookins set a� new aviation
altitude record of 6,175 feet. By flying over a mile high, he won a prize of
US$ 5,000.
8/7/1910, Friday (-12,723) Alexander Burgener, 65, Swiss mountaineer, died
in an avalanche
7/7/1910, Thursday (-12,724) (Aviation)
H Latham, France set a new aviation altitude record of 4,540 feet.
6/7/1910, Wednesday (-12,725) The city of Redmond, Oregon, was
incorporated.
5/7/1910, Tuesday (-12,726) (Railways)
The St Moritz to Tirano railway, Italy, opened.
4/7/1910.
Monday (-12,727) Russia recognised Japanese occupation of
Korea in return for a free hand in Manchuria.
3/7/1910, Sunday (-12,728) (USA) Esau Jenkins,
African-American educator was born (died 1972).
2/7/1910, Saturday (-12,729) Frederick Furnivall, English writer, died
(born 4/2/1825),
1/7/1910.
Friday (-12,730) South Africa became a
dominion of the British Empire.
7/1910,
Aviation
altitude record of 6,200 feet. Dr Crippen arrested.
====================================================================================
6/1910,
Alaska Gold
Rush. Aerial reconnaissance trialled. Captain Scott travelled to Antarctica.
28/6/1910.
Tuesday (-12,733) Westminster Cathedral,
Catholic, was consecrated.
23/6/1910,
Thursday (-12,738) Jean Anouilh, French
dramatist, was born (died 1987).
22/6/1910, Wednesday (-12,739)
John Hunt, leader of the successful expedition to climb Everest in 1953,
was born.
20/6/1910, Monday (-12,741)
19/6/1910. Sunday (-12,742) Father�s Day was instituted in the
USA.
18/6/1910, Saturday (-12,743) The city of Glendale, Arizona, was
incorporated.
17/6/1910, Friday (-12,744) The United States Lighthouse Service was
created as federal agency to regulate lighthouses throughout the nation. The
office of the Commissioner was transferred to the United States Coast Guard in
1935.
16/6/1910, Thursday (-12,745) A cloudburst in Hungary added to existing
flood waters, killing 800 people in villages in the Kronstadt district, another
180 in Temesvar and 100 in Moldava.
15/6/1910, Wednesday (-12,746) Captain Scott set out on his
ill-fated second expedition to the South Pole, on the ship Terra Nova.
14/6/1910, Tuesday (-12,747) The University of the Philippines Los
Ba�os was opened as a college of agriculture, with 50 students taught by Dr.
Edwin Copeland.
13/6/1910, Monday (-12,748) Mary Whitehouse, General Secretary
of the National Viewers and Listeners Association, was born.
12/6/1910, Sunday (-12,749) Torrential rains caused floods throughout
central Europe. The Ahr River overflowed in Germany, killing 200 people around
Oberammergau.
11/6/1910, Saturday (-12,750) Jacques Cousteau, French underwater
explorer who invented the aqualung, was born in Saint Andre, Gironde, France.
10/6/1910, Friday (-12,751) Sir Charles Hardinge, British Under
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, was appointed as the Viceroy of India,
succeeding the Earl of Minto.
9/6/1910, Thursday (-12,752)
The first trials of aircraft reconnaissance. During a record-breaking2 � hour,
145 km, flight from Camp de Chalons, Mourmelon, to Vincennes, Captain
Marconnet, squeezed between the pilot and the engine, took aerial photographs
of the territory below.
7/6/1910, Tuesday (-12,754)
5/6/1910, Sunday (-12,756) Death of American short-story
writer O. Henry (real name William Sydney Porter).
4/6/1910, Saturday (-12,757) Christopher
Cockerell, who invented the amphibious hovercraft, was born in Cambridge.
3/6/1910, Friday (-12,758) Ecuador and
Peru withdrew their troops from the border between the two nations as the first
step in the mediation of their dispute.
2/6/1910. Thursday (-12,759)
Mr C S Rolls flew from Dover to Calais and back without landing in France,
taking 90 minutes for the whole return journey.
1/6/1910, Wednesday (-12,760) The
first white settlements on the banks of Alaska's Iditarod River were made when
a steamer brought gold prospectors to within 13 km of a gold strike. By August,
there were two towns, each with 2,000 people: Iditarod and Flat.
6/1910,
Alaska Gold
Rush. Aerial reconnaissance trialled. Captain Scott travelled to Antarctica.
=====================================================================================
5/1910, UK House of Lords curbed. Union of South Africa formed.
31/5/1910. Tuesday (-12,761) (1) The colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal,
the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony united to form the Union of South
Africa, see 31/5/1902.
(2) Lord Baden Powell�s sister, Agnes, announced the
formation of the Girl Guides.
(3) Elizabeth Blackwell, English-born American doctor,
the first woman to gain an MD degree in 1849, from Geneva College, New York
State, died. Despite hostility during her education and career, she succeeded
in opening up the field of medicine to women. She retired to Hastings, UK,
where she died.
29/5/1910, Sunday (-12,763)
27/5/1910, Friday (-12,765) Robert
Koch, German bacteriologist and Nobel Prize Winner who discovered the
tuberculosis bacillus, died.
26/5/1910, Thursday (-12,766)
Pope Pius X issued the encyclical Editio
Saepe. This angered many German Protestants because of its derogatory
comments about Luther and the Reformation. On 11/6/1910, after protests by
Prussia, the Pope expressed regrets over the encyclical and ordered bishops in
Germany to stop circulating it.
18/5/1910. Wednesday (-12,774) (1) The first Air Traffic Conference opened in
Paris.
(2) The Earth passed through the tail of Halley�s Comet;
some people feared disaster.
12/5/1910, Thursday (-12,780)
Dorothy Hodgkin, British chemist, was born (died 1994).
11/5/1910, Wednesday (-12,781)
An explosion at a coal mine in Whitehaven cut off 132 men underground. They had
to be abandoned; in fact none of them probably survived the explosion anyway.
10/5/1910, Tuesday (-12,782) In
Britain the House of Commons resolved that the House of Lords should have no
power to veto money Bills, limited power to postpone other Bills, and that the
maximum lifetime of a Parliament should be reduced from seven to five years.
8/5/1910, Sunday (-12,784)
6/5/1910. Friday (-12,786) Accession
of King George V, 44, to the British throne. His coronation was on 22/6/1911.
He succeeded Edward VII, who died aged 68, from pneumonia. The funeral of
Edward VII was on 20/5/1910.
5/5/1910. Thursday (-12,787)
(Earthquake)
Earthquake in Nicaragua killed 500.
4/5/1910. Wednesday (-12,788)
Lloyd George introduced a National Health Insurance Bill.
3/5/1910, Tuesday (-12,789) (Medical)
Howard Taylor Ricketts, US pathologist, died in Mexico City from the typhus he
caught whilst researching the disease.
1/5/1910, Sunday (-12,791) The National Association for the Advancement
of Coloured People (NAACP) was launched. It was an organisation of
African-American Liberals; it published Crisis,
edited by W E B Du Bois.
5/1910, UK House of Lords curbed. Union of South Africa formed.
=======================================================================================
4/1910, First flight London-Manchester. Aviation speed record of 48
mph.
28/4/1910. Thursday (-12,794)
(Aviation)
M Paulham flew from London to Manchester, winning the Daily Mail prize of
�10,000 for the first person to accomplish this.
27/4/1910, Wednesday (-12,795)
In Britain the �People�s Budget� was passed again� by the Commons; after three hours of debate
it was also passed by the Lords, and received Royal Assent.
26/4/1910, Tuesday (-12,796)
Bjornstjerne Bjornson, Norwegian writer, died (born 8/12/1832).
25/4/1910, Monday (-12,797)
King Albert I opened the World Exhibition in Brussels.
24/4/1910, Sunday (-12,798) Sidney
Lee, billiards champion, was born (died 10/11/1988).
23/4/1910, Saturday (-12,799) (Aviation) H
Latham, France, set a new aviation speed record of 48.21 mph.
22/4/1910, Friday (-12,800) Norman
Steenrod, US mathematician (algebraic topology), was born in Dayton, Ohio (died
1971)
21/4/1910. Thursday (-12,801)
Mark Twain, American author, died in Reading, Connecticut, aged 74.
16/4/1910, Saturday (-12,806)
12/4/1910, Tuesday (-12,810) Sir
Robert Giffen, Scottish economics writer, died (born 1837)
11/4/1910, Monday (-12,811) (Australia)
Labour won the Australian general elections.
8/4/1910, Friday (-12,814)
5/4/1910. Tuesday (-12,817) France
banned kissing on its railways, because it caused delays.
(2) (Railways) A
Trans-Andean railway from Mendoza, Argentina to Los Andes, Chile was completed.
4/4/1910, Monday (-12,818) The
first Commons reading of a Bill to abolish the Lords� power of veto.
3/4/1910, Sunday (-12,819) While in
Rome, former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt announced that he would not meet
with Pope Leo XIII because of the Vatican's request that Roosevelt not meet
first with local Methodists. In March, former Vice-President Charles W.
Fairbanks declined an audience for the same reason.
2/4/1910. Saturday (-12,820) A
German scientist made artificial rubber.
4/1910, First flight London-Manchester. Aviation speed record of 48
mph.
======================================================================================
3/1910, Neon lighting patented. Hollywood chosen as film studio
location. First seaplane flew.
31/3/1910, Thursday (-12,822) Jean Moreas, French poet, died (born
15/4/1856).
28/3/1910. Monday (-12,825) The
first seaplane took off, from near Marseilles. Called the Hydravion, it was
designed by Frenchman Henri Fabre. It flew 1,650 feet.
27/3/1910. Sunday (-12,826) Easter Sunday. Mount Etna in Italy
erupted.
26/3/1910, Saturday (-12,827) (Aviation)
Plans for Aeropolis, an aerodrome at le Bourget, Paris, were announced.
25/3/1910, Friday (-12,828) Magda
Olivero, Italian opera soprano, was born in Saluzzo (died 2014)
24/3/1910, Thursday (-12,829)
Noel Murless, horse racing champion, was born (died 9/5/1987).
20/3/1910, Sunday (-12,833)
17/3/1910, Thursday (-12,836) James Dear, rackets champion, was born
(died 7/11/1981).
15/3/1910, Tuesday (-12,838) Stanley Brogden, rugby player, was born.
11/3/1910, Friday (-12,842) A dam burst in The Rhondda,
Wales, sweeping away 500 children; 494 were rescued.
10/3/1910. Thursday (-12,843)
(1) D W Griffith made the first Hollywood film. He
discovered an obscure location near Los Angeles called Hollywood where the
light was very good, for shooting the film Old
California; the film industry then took off rapidly here.
(2) The world�s first night aeroplane flight was made, in
Argentina by Aubrun.
9/3/1910, Wednesday (-12,844) Madame.
Ekaterina Breshkovskaya, 66, sometimes referred to as the "Grandmother of
the Russian Revolution" was convicted on charges of conspiracy and
sentenced to exile in Siberia, but her co-defendant Nikolai Tchaikovsky was
acquitted.
8/3/1910. Tuesday (-12,845) The
French Baroness de Laroche became the first woman pilot.
7/3/1910, Monday (-12,846) (Electricity)
Neon lighting was patented by Georges Claude. Neon was only discovered in 1898.Other
gases can be added to give different colours; a trace of argon makes blue
light, and adding helium makes white or yellow light.
=====================================================================================
2/1910, China occupied Tibet. Boy Scouts founded in USA. Polonium
isolated.
23/2/1910. Wednesday (-12,858) The Dalai Lama and several noted Tibetans fled from Lhasa to India, as
Chinese troops occupied Tibet.
21/2/1910, Monday (-12,860) Douglas
Bader, World War Two fighter pilot and squadron leader, was born in London.
20/2/1910, Sunday (-12,861)
Egypt�s Christian PM, Butros Ghali, was assassinated by a Nationalist.
19/2/1910. Saturday (-12,862)
Manchester United played their first Football League match at their new
stadium, Old Trafford
16/2/1910. Wednesday (-12,865) Madame Curie succeeded in
isolating one tenth of a milligram of Polonium, which was more radioactive than
Radium. She named the element after her native Poland.
9/2/1910, Wednesday (-12,872) J
L Monod, French biochemist, was born (died 1976).
8/2/1910. Tuesday (-12,873) W
Boyce founded the Boy Scout movement in America.
5/2/1910, Saturday (-12,876)
2/2/1910, Wednesday (-12,879) The British army was
concerned about a possible shortage of horses if war should break out with
Germany.
1/2/1910. Tuesday (-12,880) Britain�s
first Employment Exchanges were set up. The 80 Exchanges were flooded by people
seeking work.� See 1/1/1910.
======================================================================================
1/1910, China abolished slavery. UK�s first juvenile courts. German
re-armament disturbed Britain.
31/1/1910. Monday (-12,881) (1) Britain and Russia intervened as political
unrest shook Iran.
(2) Dr Hawley Harvey Crippen poisoned his wife Belle
Elmore, music hall singer, then cut her in small pieces and buried her in the
cellar. See 22/10/1910. Telling suspicious friends of Elmore that she had gone
to America, Dr Crippen brought secretary Ethel Le Neuve, 27, into his house as
his lover.
(3) China abolished slavery. In 1906 Chou Fu, Viceroy at
Nanking, called on the Emperor of China to abolish slavery. At that time all
Chinese citizens had to belong to one of four classes. These were 1) the
Bannermen (ruling class, 2) Free Chinese subjects, 3) Outcasts, 4) Slaves;
there were severe penalties for not fulfilling the duties of their class. Fu�s
recommendations were finally accepted in 1910, despite opposition from Manchu
nobles. However the former slaves were still compelled to live in their
master�s households for the rest of their lives, although as �free labourers�.
26/1/1910. Wednesday (-12,886) Thousands fled their homes in
Paris as the Seine flooded. The river rose 8 metres above normal, causing 400
million Francs damage (over Euro 1 billion in 2015 prices).
15/1/1910. Saturday (-12,897) UK General Election. German
rearmament, the power of the Lords, and Irish Home Rule were major issues. The
Liberals won with a reduced majority of 275 seats, against Labour with 40, the
Irish nationalists with 82, and the Unionists with 273 seats.
7/1/1910. Friday (-12,905) (Aviation)
H Latham, France, set a new aviation altitude record of 3,281 feet.
4/1/1910, Tuesday (-12,908) The first Juvenile Courts in
Britain opened in London.
1/1/1910, Saturday (-12,911) Britain passed the Labour
Exchange Act, see 1/2/1910.
======================================================================================
12/1909, First aeroplane flight of over 100 miles; a;ltitude record of
1,486 feet. Ireland was promised self-rule.
31/12/1909, Friday (-12,912) (1)
Henry Ferguson made the first aeroplane flight from Irish soil, at Hillsborough
near Belfast.
(2) New York�s Manhattan Bridge opened; it cost US$ 31
million to build.
30/12/1909, Thursday (-12,913) The first aeroplane flight of
over 100 miles was made.
23/12/1909. Thursday (-12,920) Prince Albert took the oath of
fidelity of the Belgian constitution and became King Albert I of Belgium. He
was born on 8/4/1875 at Brussels.� He
died from a fall whilst rock climbing at Namur on 17/2/1934.
20/12/1909, Monday (-12,923)
The first cinema opened in Ireland, the Volta in Dublin.
19/12/1909, Sunday (-12,924) Juan Gomez seized power in Venezuela.
18/12/1909, Saturday (-12,925) (Aviation) Albert
Kimmerling became the first pilot in South Africa.
17/12/1909, Friday (-12,926)
Albert I, 34, succeeded his uncle Leopold II as King of Belgium, who died,
aged 74, this day. Leopold II had ruled for nearly 41 years and amassed great personal
wealth from his exploitation of the Congo. Albert I ruled until 1934.
16/12/1909, Thursday (-12,927)
US marines forced the resignation of President Jose Zelaya of Nicaragua.
15/12/1909, Wednesday (-12,928) (Companies)
The first Radisson Hotel was opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The 16 story
building was constructed by heiress Edna Dickerson and had 425 rooms. By 2009,
there were 420 Radisson hotels worldwide.
14/12/1909, Tuesday (-12,929) Frederick Greenwood, English writer, died
(born 4/1830).
13/12/1909, Monday (-12,930) (Marine) Sir
Alfred Jones, British ship owner, died (born 1845).
12/12/1909, Sunday (-12,931) Armand Boni, Flemish poet and writer, was born
in Antwerp, Belgium (died 1991)
11/12/1909, Saturday (-12,932) Ludwig Mond, British chemist, died (born
7/3/1839).
10/12/1909, Friday (-12,933)
Herbert Asquith, British Prime Minister, promised self-rule for Ireland in a
speech at the Royal Albert Hall.
7/12/1909, Tuesday (-12,936)
A proclamation was read on the steps of the Royal Exchange, London, announcing
the creation of the self-governing Union of South Africa.
1/12/1909, Wednesday (-12,942) (Aviation)
H Latham, France, set a new aviation altitude record of 1,486 feet.
12/1909, First aeroplane flight of over 100 miles; a;ltitude record of
1,486 feet. Ireland was promised self-rule.
======================================================================================
11/1909, First UK Woolworths store opened. USA to use Hawaii as
forward base against Japan. Maternity leave instituted in France. British House
of Lords vetoed leftist Budget, causing political deadlock.
30/11/1909, Tuesday (-12,943) The House of Lords threw out
a Budget by Liberal Chancellor Lloyd George they considered too left-wing.
Prime Minister Herbert Asquith now faced a General Election. The controversial
Budget proposed taxing the highest 10,000 earners with incomes over �5,000 a
year in Britain an extra 6d in the � income tax, over and above the rate of 1
shilling 2d in the � paid by all earners above �2,000 a year, a rise from 1
shilling in the �. Unearned income was also to be taxed at 1s 2d in the �. Death
duties were to be doubled. The tax money would fund rearmament and old age
pensions. The Tories described the Budget as a tax on the propertied classes.
On 3/12/1909 King Edward VII dissolved Parliament, and taxes on alcohol,
tobacco and cars were suspended as no Budget had been passed. For half a
century it had been accepted that the unelected Lords could not veto a money
Bill from the elected Commons, but the Tories argued this Bill had too many
non-financial measures to come under this rule.
29/11/1909, Monday (-12,944) John
Brown, boxer, was born (died 15/3/1971)
28/11/1909, Sunday (-12,945) In France, a law was passed
giving pregnant women 8 weeks maternity leave.
23/11/1909, Tuesday (-12,950) (Sea, canal)
The New Kings Dock at Swansea opened.
18/11/1909, Thursday (-12,955) Richard Gilder, US poet, died (born
8/2/1844).
16/11/1909, Tuesday (-12,957) The first aviation enterprise in the world
was founded. It was the Deutsche Luftschiffahrts AG, better known as DELAG.
14/11/1909. Sunday (-12,959) The
US President, William Taft, announced that a naval base would be built on
Hawaii at Pearl Harbour to protect the US from attack from Japan.
13/11/1909, Saturday (-12,960)
Two bombs were thrown at the Viceroy of India, The Earl of Minto.
5/11/1909. Friday (-12,968) The first Woolworth store opened in Britain, in Lord Street,
Liverpool.
2/11/1909, Tuesday (-12,971) William Frith, English painter, died (born
9/1/1819).
=======================================================================================
10/1909, First commercial airline began, using airships. Universities
in Ireland founded.
31/10/1909, Sunday (-12,973) (1) The
National University of Ireland, Dublin, came into being.
(2) Queens University, Belfast, came into being.
26/10/1909, Tuesday (-12,978)
Ahn Jung-geun, a Korean nationalist and independence activist, shot dead
Hirobumi Ito, the Japanese colonial governor of Korea, on a station platform at
Harbin.
22/10/1909. Friday (-12,982) Elise Deroche, who used the
self-created title Baronne de la Roche, became the first woman to fly solo.
21/10/1909, Thursday (-12,983)
Halley�s Comet was sighted from Cambridge Observatory, UK.
20/10/1909, Wednesday (-12,984)
19/10/1909, Tuesday (-12,985) Cesare Lombroso, Italian
criminological writer, died.
18/10/1909, Monday (-12,986) (Aviation)
Comte de Lambert, France, set a new aviation altitude record of 984 feet.
16/10/1909, Saturday (-12,988) The first commercial airline
began. Count Zeppelin�s Deutsche
Luftschiffahrt Aktiengesellschaft, or Delag, flew airships between the
major German cities.
6/10/1909, Wednesday (-12,998)
Dudley Buck, US composer, died (born 10/3/1839).
2/10/1909. Saturday (-13,002) The
first Rugby match at Twickenham was played � Harlequins versus Richmond.
=======================================================================================
9/1909, First Boy Scout Rally. British suffragettes on
hunger strike, being force-fed.
28/9/1909. Tuesday (-13,006) London confirmed that suffragettes
were being force-fed.
20/9/1909, Monday (-13,014) The South Africa Act received
the Royal Assent.
18/9/1909, Saturday (-13,016) Kwame
Nkrumah, Ghana�s first Prime Minister, was born in Ankroful. He was President
from independence in 1957 until an army coup sent him into exile in Guinea in
1966.
14/9/1909, Tuesday (-13,020)
Peter Scott, yachtsman, was born (died 29/8/1989).
11/9/1909, Saturday (-13,023) Halley�s Comet was first
observed, at Heidelberg.
9/9/1909, Thursday (-13,025) (Railways) Edward Harriman, US rail magnate who
turned the Union Pacific Railway around from near-bankruptcy in 1898, died
(born 25/5/1848).
4/9/1909. Saturday (-13,030) The
first Boy Scout rally took place at Crystal Palace, south London. The Boy Scout
movement was begun in 1908 by Baden Powell; he set up a Scout camp for 20 boys
on Brownsea Island in 1908. In 1910 the Scout movement spread to the USA, and
became so successful that in 1911 Baden-Powell left the army to develop it; the
Scout movement received a Royal Charter in 1912.
9/1909, First Boy Scout Rally. British suffragettes on
hunger strike, being force-fed.
=======================================================================================
8/1909, Riots in Barcelona. New aviation speed, height,
records set. Severe floods in Mexico.
30/8/1909, Monday (-13,035) Floods in Mexico killed 1,400.
29/8/1909, Sunday (-13,036) (Aviation)
H Latham, France, set a new aviation altitude record of 509 feet.
26/8/1909, Thursday (-13,039)
24/8/1909, Tuesday (-13,041) (Aviation)
Bleriot set a new aviation speed record of 46.18 mph.
23/8/1909, Monday (-13,042) (Aviation)
G Curtiss, USA, set a new aviation speed record of 43.38 mph.
22/8/1909, Sunday (-13,043) 5 US workers died in steel industry
riots.
18/8/1909, Wednesday (-13,047) Sir Theodore Martin,
British author, died (born 16/9/1816).
16/8/1909, Monday (-13,049) The Conservative leader Arthur Balfour argued that giving equal rights to
South African Black people would undermine White civilization.
11/8/1909, Wednesday (13,054)
The first SOS signal was sent, by wireless.
8/8/1909, Sunday (-13,057) William
Voce, cricketer, was born (died 6/6/1984).
6/8/1909, Friday (-13,059) Adalbert Merx, German
scholarly writer, died (born 2/11/1838).
5/8/1909, Thursday
(-13,060) Patrick Prendergast, champion jockey, was born (died 20/6/1980).
3/8/1909, Tuesday (-13,062)
2/8/1909. Monday (-13,063) (Aviation) The US military accepted its first heavier-than-air flying
machine, built by the Wright Brothers.
1/8/1909, Sunday
(-13,064) (Spain)
End of the �Tragic Week� in Barcelona; from 26/7/1909 over 100 civilians had
been killed and many buildings destroyed in rioting in Barcelona.
=======================================================================================
7/1909, Bleriot flew across the English Channel. Russia
invaded northern Persia.
30/7/1909, Friday (-13,066) (1) (Britain)
Northcote Parkinson, British author, historian and journalist, best known for
stating Parkinson�s Law that work expands to fill the time available, was born.
(2) (Earthquake)
Earthquake in Mexico; Acapulco destroyed.
27/7/1909, Tuesday (-13,069)
(South
Africa) MPs gave the South African Union Bill its second reading, but
deplored the fact that the Bill would deny the Black population the right to
vote.
26/7/1909, Monday (-13,070) (Spain) A general
strike began in Barcelona, lasting until 26/9/1909. There was rioting across
Catalonia.
25/7/1909. Sunday (-13,071) (Aviation) Louis Bleriot became the first man to
fly across the English Channel.� He flew
from Les Barques near Calais to Northfall Meadow near Dover Castle, covering 26
miles in 43 minutes.� Aged 37, born on
1/7/1872 in Cambrai, France, Bleriot won �1,000 for his flight, in a plane
designed by himself, a prize awarded by the Daily Mail for the first person to
perform this feat. Bleriot died in August 1936.�
The British now realised that the Channel was less of a defensive
barrier than it used to be.
24/7/1909, Saturday (-13,072) (France)
Aristide Briand became French PM.
18/7/1909, Sunday (-13,078) Don Carlos, claimant to the Spanish throne,
died (born 30/3/1848).
16/7/1909, Friday (-13,080) (Iran) Ali
Kuh Khan, leader of the Bakhtari tribe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhtiari_people
deposed Ali Shah, the Shah of
Persia. The Russian Army then invaded northern Persia, occupying the city of
Tabriz, ostensibly on behalf of the deposed Shah. They antagonised the
Bakhtari. Ali Kuh Khan replaced the Shah with his son, 12-year-old Ahmad.
13/7/1909, Tuesday (-13,083) Dorothy Round, tennis champion, was born
(died 12/11/1982).
11/7/1909, Sunday (-13,085) Simon Newcomb, US astronomer, died (born
12/3/1835).
8/7/1909, Thursday (-13,088) Gaston
Galliffet, French General, died (born 23/1/1830).
7/7/1909, Wednesday (-13,089) (Railway
Tunnels) The Tauern rail tunnel, Austria, 8.551 km long, opened on the
Bad Gastein-Spittal line.
6/7/1909, Tuesday (-13,090)
(Russia) Andrei
Gromyko, President of the USSR, was born near Minsk, to a peasant family.
2/7/1909, Friday (-13,094) �Fritz
Haber succeeded in sustaining his ammonia production process for 5 hours,
proving that it could produce commercial quantities of ammonia.
7/1909, Bleriot flew across the English Channel. Russia
invaded northern Persia.
=====================================================================================
6/1909, French naval expansion. Suffragette protest in London.
Germany to use Zeppelins in military.
29/6/1909. Tuesday (-13,097) 120
suffragettes arrested outside
the Houses of Parliament, London.
28/6/1909, Monday (-13,098)
Jackie Berg, boxer, was born (died 22/4/1991).
26/6/1909. Saturday (-13,100) King Edward VII opened the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
24/6/1909, Thursday (-13,102) Sarah Jewett, US novelist, died (born
3/9/1849).
20/6/1909, Sunday (-13,106) The German Army adopted the Zeppelin as its
first air arm.
12/6/1909. Saturday (-13,114) Natal
voted for union with South Africa.
11/6/1909. Friday (-13,115) Earthquake
killed 60 in Provence, France.
10/6/1909, Thursday (-13,116)
Edward Hale, US author, died (born 3/4/1822).
9/6/1909, Wednesday (-13,117)
7/6/1909. Monday (-13,119) France
joined the arms race by announcing it was to spend �120 million on new naval
ships.
6/6/1909, Sunday (-13,120) Isaiah
Berlin, Russian-British political philosopher, was born.
1/6/1909, Tuesday (-13,125) The Seattle World Fair opened.
=====================================================================================
5/1909, First electric washing machine patented. Edwin Land, inventor
of Polaroid camera, was born.
27/5/1909, Thursday (-13,130) (Clothes,
Fashion) The first electric washing machine, the Thor was patented by Alva
Fisher for the Hurley Washing Machine Company.
26/5/1909, Wednesday (-13,131) Sir Matthew Busby, footballer, was born
(died 20/1/1994).
25/5/1909, Tuesday (-13,132) Stewart Morris, yachting champion, was
born (died 4/2/1991).
24/5/1909, Monday (-13,133) (Education,
University) Bristol University received a Royal Charter.
23/5/1909, Sunday (-13,134)
US police broke up a lecture given by the anarchist Emma Goldman.
18/5/1909, Tuesday (-13,139) Frederick Perry, tennis champion, was born
(died 2/2/1995).
15/5/1809, Saturday (-13,142)
8/5/1909, Saturday (-13,149)
Friedrich von Holstein, German statesman, died (born 1837)
7/5/1909, Friday (-13,150) Edwin
Land, American inventor of the Polaroid lens and the instant camera, was born
in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
4/5/1909, Tuesday (-13,153)
======================================================================================
4/1909, Young Turks seized power. Catalytic converter patented for
cars. Liberal UK Budget shifted tax burden to wealthy.
30/4/1909, Friday (-13,157)
(Netherlands)
Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, was born to Princess Wilhelmina.
29/4/1909. Thursday (-13,158)
A radical budget presented by the Liberal government of Britain, under
David Lloyd-George, chancellor of the Exchequer, angered the Tories. It
contained provisions for a new �supertax� of 6d in the pound on the 10,000
people in Britain with incomes of over �5,000 a year, to pay for old age
pensions and re-armament. The standard rate of income tax remained at 9d in the
pound for income up to �2,000 and one shilling per pound for income above that.
Luxury taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and petrol also rose. The idea was to shift
taxation from the workers as producers of wealth to its possessors, the wealthy
bosses.
28/4/1909, Wednesday (-13,159) (Aviation)
The Aerial League of Australia held its first meeting.
27/4/1909, Tuesday (-13,160) (Turkey)
Mehmed V (1844-1918) succeeded his father, Abdul Hamid II (born 1842, died
1918; Sultan from 1876 � 1909) as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
26/4/1909, Monday (-13,161)
Marcus Dods, Scottish religious writer, died (born 1834).
25/4/1909, Sunday (-13,162) Jaroslav
Doubrava, composer, was born in Chrudim, Czech Republic (died 1960)
24/4/1909, Saturday (-13,163) The
Turkish Army coup of 13/4/1909 was suppressed, and its leaders executed.
23/4/1909. Friday (-13,164) Moslem
fanatics backed by the sultan massacred
at least 30,000 Armenians.
22/4/1909, Thursday (-13,165) In Westminster a Bill was introduced
to abolish censorship in plays.
20/4/1909, Tuesday (-13,167)
19/4/1909. Monday (-13,168) Turkey
recognised Bulgarian independence. On 27/4/1909, Germany, Austria, and Italy
also recognised Bulgarian independence.
18/4/1909, Sunday (-13,169) Joan
of Arc was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church; she was canonised in 1920.
17/4/1909, Saturday (-13,170) The
first patent for a catalytic converter on a car internal combustion engine was
filed by Michel Frenkel, a French chemist. He used a ceramic honeycomb with 30g
of platinum; modern convertors use the same principle but with a thinner
lighter metal honeycomb and only need 3g of platinum, rhodium or palladium.
Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are catalysed with extra oxygen into carbon
dioxide and water.
13/4/1909, Tuesday (-13,174) Army insurrection in Constantinople. The
First Army Corps deposed Hussein Hilmi Pasha. See 24/4/1909.
11/4/1909, Sunday (-13,176) Easter
Sunday.
10/4/1909. Saturday (-13,177) British
forces landed at Tabriz, Iran, as famine caused fears of unrest.
9/4/1909, Friday (-13,178) The
first closed-top double-decker buses ran in Britain, in Widnes. In London there
were police restrictions against roofed-in upper decks and such buses did not
run there until 2/10/1925.
7/4/1909, Wednesday (-13,180)
6/4/1909.� Tuesday (-13,181) Commander Peary of the USA became
the first person to reach the North Pole, with a Black assistant, Matthew
Henson, and four Eskimos.. It was his sixth attempt in 15 years.
5/4/1909, Monday (-13,182) The
Aerial League of the British Empire was founded, to promote British superiority
in the air.
4/4/1909, Sunday (-13,183)
The Young Turk, Mahmud Shevket, entered Constantinople, and imposed his will on
the National Assembly and the Old Turks.
3/4/1909, Saturday (-13,184) Pascual
Cervera, Spanish Admiral, died (born 18/2/1839).
4/1909, Young Turks seized power. Catalytic converter patented for
cars. Liberal UK Budget shifted tax burden to wealthy.
======================================================================================
3/1909, Selfridges, London, opened. UK concerned at German naval
expansion, Port of London Authority formed.
30/3/1909, Tuesday (-13,188) New York�s Queensboro Bridge opened; it
cost US$ 17 million to build.
26/3/1909, Friday (-13,192)
Martin Hodgson, rugby player, was born (died 19/7/1991).
25/3/1909, Thursday (-13,193)
Egypt imposed press censorship, to control the Nationalists.
24/3/1909, Wednesday (-13,194)
Clyde Barrow, one of the Bonnie and Clyde outlaws, was born in Toledo,
Texas.
23/3/1909, Tuesday (-13,195) John
Davidson, British writer, died (born 11/4/1857).
21/3/1909, Sunday (-13,197)
Reginald McKenna, First Lord of the Admiralty, caused dismay in the House of
Commons when he stated that the UK Government had underestimated Admiral von
Tirpitz�s programme to expand the German navy.
19/3/1909, Friday (-13,199) Britain�s first international
aircraft exhibition opened.
18/3/1909, Thursday (-13,200) Henry
Longhurst, golfing champion, was born (died 21/7/1978).
17/3/1909, Wednesday (-13,201)
16/3/1909, Tuesday (-13,202) The first meeting of the Port
of London Authority.
15/3/1909. Monday (-13,203) The
new Selfridges (American-owned) store
opened on a 6 acre site in Oxford Street, London.
4/3/1909, Thursday (-13,214) William Taft was inaugurated as US
President.
===================================================================================
2/1909, UK naval expansion, No more children to live in workhouses.
Colour films first shown.
28/2/1909, Sunday (-13,218)
Professor Linus Pauling, American chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize winner,
was born.
26/2/1909, Friday (-13,220)
Artist Emmanuel Poire, pseudonym Caran D�Ache (lead pencil), born 1858, died.
25/2/1909, Thursday (-13,221) (Atomic)
Lev Andreevich Artsimovich, Soviet physicist, was born in Moscow. He developed
the Tokamak fusion design.
24/2/1909. Wednesday (-13,222)
(1) Serbia made demands on Austria for
Bosnia-Hercegovina.
(2) Colour films were shown to the public for the first
time, in Brighton.
21/2/1909, Sunday (-13,225) Ferdinand I of Bulgaria visited Russia to
obtain the financial aid he needed to pay Ottoman Turkey an indemnity for
Bulgarian independence.
17/2/1909. Wednesday (-13,229) (1) A Royal Commission on Britain�s Poor Laws
said no more children should live in workhouses. In urban areas, up to a third
of older people also died in Poor Law institutions, which included children�s
homes, infirmaries and lunatic asylums as well as workhouses. The Old Age
Pension, which started on 1/1/1909, should ease the financial destitution of
poorer older people.
(2) Geronimo, the last Apache chief to surrender, died at his ranch on an
Oklahoma reservation, aged 90.
13/2/1909, Saturday (-13,233) (Turkey)
In Turkey, Kiamil Pasha, 76-year-old Ottoman Grand Vizier, was deposed and
replaced by Hussein Hilmi Pasha.
9/2/1909. Tuesday (-13,237) In
London a court ruled that a woman could not have a divorce even if her husband
had deserted her.
8/2/1909, Monday (-13,238) The
UK Government announced that six more Dreadnought battleships were to be built
for the Navy.
7/2/1909, Sunday (-13,239)
2/1909, UK naval expansion, No more children to live in workhouses.
Colour films first shown.
=====================================================================================
1/1909, Old Age Pensions now paid in UK, to over 70s. Magnetic South
Pole located. U Thant born. Tennessee prohibited alcohol.
25/1/1909, Monday (-13,252) Leone Kingsbury, badminton champion, was
born.
22/1/1909, Friday (-13,255) U
Thant, diplomat and Secretary General to the United Nations, was born in
Pantanaw, Burma.
21/1/1909. Thursday (-13,256)
Tennessee adopted alcohol prohibition.
18/1/1909. Monday (-13,259) New Zealand brewers abolished
barmaids and banned women from buying alcohol in bars.
16/1/1909. Saturday (-13,261) The magnetic south pole was found by
Sir Ernest Shackleton, who was knighted later the same year.
12/1/1909. Tuesday (-13,265) Turkey
accepted Austria�s offer of 2.5 million Turkish Pounds for Bosnia-Hercegovina.
11/1/1909. Monday (-13,266) Four
murderers were publicly guillotined in northern France.
5/1/1909. Tuesday (-13,272) (1)
Hindus and Moslems rioted in Calcutta.
(2) The Colombian Government formally recognised
Panamanian independence.
1/1/1909. Friday (-13,276) In
Britain, men and women over 70 began to draw Old Age Pensions.� The rate
was 5 shillings (25p) a week.� See
7/5/1908.
1/1909, Old Age Pensions now paid in UK, to over 70s. Magnetic South
Pole located. U Thant born. Tennessee prohibited alcohol.
=====================================================================================
12/1908, Chinese child-Emperor Pu-Yi acceded. Wiesenthal, Nazi-hunter,
was born. New aviation flight length record of 2hours 20 minutes.
31/12/1908, Thursday (-13,277)
(1)
Wilbur Wright set a new aeroplane flight duration time of 2 hours 20 minutes.
(2) Simon Wiesenthal,
noted hunter of Nazi war criminals, was born; he died in 2005.
30/12/1908, Wednesday (-13,278)
29/12/1908, Tuesday (-13,279) Dr
Magnus Pyke, nutritional scientist, was born.
28/12/1908. Monday (-13,280) An
earthquake killed more than 75,000 people in Messina, Sicily, over half the
population. This was the most violent earthquake ever recorded in Europe.
24/12/1908, Thursday (-13,284)
In Paris, President Armand Fallieres opened the first international aviation
show.
22/12/1908. Tuesday (-13,286) In
New York, Katie Mulcaney became the first woman arrested under a new law
prohibiting women from smoking in public.
21/12/1908, Monday (-13,287) The Port of London Authority
was constituted.
20/12/1908, Sunday (-13,288)
19/12/1908, Saturday (-13,289) (Aviation)
Port Aviation, the world�s first aerodrome, wad completed, 12 miles from Paris.
18/12/1908, Friday (-13,290) Wilbur Wright became the
first man to attain the height of 360 feet in a plane.
17/12/1908, Thursday (-13,291) Birth of US chemist Willard
Frank Libby, who developed radio-carbon dating.
14/12/1908, Monday (-13,294)
10/12/1908. Thursday (-13,298)
(1) Ernest Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize
for his work on radioactivity and the atom.
(2) In Britain, the National Farmers Union was founded.
9/12/1908, Wednesday (-13,299)
Germany introduced restrictions on the hours that women and children could work
in factories.
7/12/1908, Monday (-13,301) (Military)
Major explosion at the Dum Dum arsenal in India, killing some 50 Indian
workmen. It was here in around 1898 that �Dum Dum� bullets were first
manufactured by the British. They have a hollow nose and so expand on impact,
causing a more serious wound than ordinary bullets. These bullets were used by
the Russians against Japan in 1904/5, and after protests by Japan the Second
Hague Convention subsequently banned their use. This convention was signed by
most States, but not the UK or USA.
2/12/1908. Wednesday (-13,306)
In China, the child emperor Pu Yi
succeeded to the throne, aged 2. His father, the Regent Prince Chun,
held the real power.� Pu Yi was forced to
abdicate in 1912 aged 5 as Republican forces gained strength in China.
1/12/1908, Tuesday (-13,307) Italy demanded that Austria
pay compensation for the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, see 7/10/1908.
12/1908, Chinese child-Emperor Pu-Yi acceded. Wiesenthal, Nazi-hunter,
was born. New aviation flight length record of 2hours 20 minutes.
======================================================================================
11/1908, UK naval expansion. Charles Forte, hotelier, was born.
Austria sent troops to Serbian border.
29/11/1908, Sunday (-13,309)
28/11/1908. Saturday
(-13,310) The Court of Appeal in Britain ruled that Unions could not use
their funds for political purposes. Many Labour MPs depended on sponsorship by
the Unions.
27/11/1908, Friday (-13,311) Jean
Gaudry, French geological writer, died (born 16/9/1827).
26/11/1908, Thursday (-13,312)
Charles (Lord) Forte, hotelier, was born.�
He opened Newport Pagnell services on the M1 in 1959, and died in 2007.
25/11/1908, Wednesday (-13,313) (Christian) The Christian Science Monitor began
publication at Boston, USA.
23/11/1908, Monday (-13,315)
20/11/1908, Friday (-13,318) Joe
McAvoy, boxer, was born (died 20/11/1971).
19/11/1908, Thursday (-13,319) A court in St Petersburg was
adjourned when the prosecuting council refused to deal with Russia�s first
female barrister.
18/11/1908, Wednesday (-13,320) Imogene
Coca, American actress, was born (died 2001)
17/11/1908, Tuesday (-13,321)
Sir
Henri Joly de Lotbiniere, Canadian politician, died (born 5/12/1829).
16/11/1908, Monday (-13,322) (Christian) Soeur Emmanuelle, French nun who
gave much aid to the poor in Egypt and Turkey, was born (died 2008)
15/11/1908. Sunday (-13,323) (1) Death
of the Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi, at 37 years of age. Her suspicious demise
(she was not unhealthy) greatly reduced the chances of a smooth transition to a
constitutional monarchy in China.
(2) Austria
sent troops to the Serbian frontier.
14/11/1908, Saturday (-13,324)
Joseph McCarthy, US politician and lawyer noted for his purge against
Communists, was born in Grand Chute, Wisconsin.
13/11/1908, Friday (-13,325) C
Vann Woodward, US historian, was born (died 1992).
12/11/1908, Thursday (-13,326)
John Watson, polo champion, died.
11/11/1908, Wednesday (-13,327)
9/11/1908, Monday (-13,329) Britain�s
first woman Mayor, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, was elected, at Aldeburgh,
Suffolk.
8/11/1908, Sunday (-13,330) (Electrical)
William Edward Ayrton, English electrical physicist, (born 14/9/1847 in London)
died in London.
7/11/1908, Saturday (-13,331)
The British Navy launched its biggest battleship to date, the HMS Collingwood.
6/11/1908, Friday (-13,332) A cotton workers strike in
Lancashire ended after seven weeks with the workers accepting a pay cut.
3/11/1908. Tuesday (-13,335) William Howard Taft, Republican
candidate, was elected 27th President of the USA.
1/11/1908, Sunday (-13,337) Edward Caird, British religious writer, died
(born 22/3/1835).
11/1908, UK naval expansion. Charles Forte, hotelier, was born.
Austria sent troops to Serbian border.
=====================================================================================
10/1908, Austria annexed Bosnia Hercegovina. Suffragette demonstration
in London. UK unemployment emergency.
28/10/1908, Wednesday (-13,341) Enver Hoxha, Stalinist dictator of
Yugoslavia from the end of World War Two till his death in 1985, was born.� He declared the country atheist in 1967.
25/10/1908, Sunday (-13,344) Lewis
Campbell, British classical scholar (born 3/9/1830) died.
24/10/1908. Saturday (-13,345) The
suffragettes Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter Christabel were jailed.
23/10/1908, Friday (-13,346) (Science)
Pavel E Cherenkov, physicist, was born in St Petersburg, Russia.
21/10/1908. Wednesday (-13,348) (1) The
Prime Minister of Britain, Herbert Asquith, announced emergency measures to
deal with unemployment.� The jobless were
to be recruited into the Post Office, the dockyards, and the Army Special
Reserve.
(2) (Aviation, Women�s Rights)
Over London the suffragettes made the first ever leaflet raid, hiring an
airship and throwing out leaflets demanding �Votes for Women!�.
16/10/1908, Friday (-13,353) (1) The first powered aeroplane flight in Britain,
at Farnborough, piloted by the American Samuel Franklin Cody. He flew 1,390
feet in 27 seconds.
(2) A new harbour at Dover was opened as part of a national
system of defence.
15/10/1908, Thursday (-13,354)
The Royal College of Surgeons decided to allow women to obtain the Licence in
Dental Surgery.
14/10/1908, Wednesday (-13,355) (USA) George
Harold Brown, US engineer, was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
13/10/1908, Tuesday (-13,356) Daniel
Gilman, US educational writer, died (born 6/7/1831)
12/10/1908, Monday (-13,357)
9/10/1908, Friday (-13,360)
Jacques Tati, French comedian who created Monsieur Hulot�s Holiday, was born.
8/10/1908. Thursday (-13,361) The Wind in the Willows, Kenneth
Grahame�s children�s book, was published. It was still in print in 2001.
7/10/1908. Wednesday (-13,362)
(East Europe,
Greece-Turkey)
Austria annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina, taking advantage of instability
within the Ottoman Empire. Though formally part of the Ottoman Empire, its
Serb-Croat population favoured union with Serbia. Other European countries were
shocked at Austria�s move. Serbia was especially angry that Serbs in the region
had not got autonomy. However Russia agreed with Austria not to oppose this
annexation in return for Austria supporting the opening of the Dardanelles to
Russian warships. Turkey accepted cash compensation for the loss of Bosnia and
Hercegovina on 12/1/1909. See 1/12/1908.
6/10/1908. Tuesday (-13,363) Crete
declared itself independent of Turkey and joined Greece.
5/10/1908. Monday (-13,364) (East Europe,
Greece-Turkey)
Prince Ferdinand declared Bulgaria independent of Ottoman Turkey;
Bulgaria had been under Ottoman rule since the late 1300s.� Russia wanted Turkey weak so as not to block
its plans for expansion.
10/1908, Austria annexed Bosnia Hercegovina. Suffragette demonstration
in London. UK unemployment emergency.
=====================================================================================
9/1908, First plane crash fatality. Night shift banned for children
aged under 14.
29/9/1908. Tuesday (-13,370) In Switzerland, the international
conference on worker�s rights banned night shifts for children under 14.
24/9/1908, Thursday (-13,375) Persons over 70 in Britain began
applying for pensions, see 1/1/1909.
18/9/1908, Friday (-13,381) (Railways)
The railway from Oroya to Huanco opened.
17/9/1908. Thursday (-13,382)
(Aviation)
The first plane crash fatality
occurred when a passenger of Orville Wright died.� The fatality was Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge,
of the US signal corps, and the accident happened near Fort Meyer, Virginia,
when a propeller broke in mid-flight and the plane plunged 150 foot to the
ground.
16/9/1908. Wednesday (-13,383)
(Road
Traffic) Buick and Oldsmobile merged to form General Motors.
15/9/1908, Tuesday (-13,384) John
Collins, English literary critic, died (born 26/3/1848).
14/9/1908, Monday (-13,385)
Clayton
Moore, actor, was born in Chicago, Illinois.
13/9.1908, Sunday (-13,386) (Germany)
In Germany the Social Democrats staged a rally at Nuremberg.
12/9/1908, Saturday (-13,387) (Britain) Winston
Churchill married Clementine Hosier.
10/9/1908, Thursday (-13,389)
8/9/1908, Tuesday (-13,391)
Emrys Lloyd, champion fencer, was born (died 28/6/1987).
7/9/1908, Monday (-13,392) (Britain) Frederick
Blayes, English classical scholar, died in Southsea (born Hampton Court Green
29/9/1818).
5/9/1908, Saturday (-13,394)
1/9/1908, Tuesday (-13,398) (Railways)
The Hejaz railway opened between Damascus and Medina � see railways,
Saudi Arabia, 1864, for more details.
9/1908, First plane crash fatality. Night shift banned for children
aged under 14.
=====================================================================================
8/1908, Model T Ford mass production began. King Leopold I of Belgium
handed over Congo to State.
31/8/1908, Monday (-13,399) (Railways)
The Haifa to Derraa railway opened. It closed in 1949.
27/8/1908, Thursday (-13,403)
(USA) Lyndon
Baines Johnson, American Democrat and 36th President, was born in
Johnson City, Texas.
25/8/1908, Tuesday (-13,405) Henri Becquerel, French scientist
who studied radioactivity, died (born 1852).
23/8/1908, Sunday (-13,407) The Battle of Marrakesh. Abd-al-Aziz IV,
Sultan of Morocco, was defeated by his elder brother, Mulay Hafid, who had been
proclaimed Sultan in May.
19/8/1908, Wednesday (-13,411)
King Leopold II of Belgium, under
pressure from other European monarchs, handed over control of the Belgian Congo
(Congo Free State), later known as Zaire, to the Belgian State. Leopold had
ruled the region autocratically for 24 years. The region had been explored by
Henry Stanley, the expedition financed by a European consortium headed by King
Leopold. This consortium sought to make financial gains from the Congo�s
agricultural and mineral wealth, including ivory, rubber and palm oil. Trade
agreements were made with the Congo�s tribal leaders and by 1884 Leopold
claimed the colony as a personal possession. The rest of Europe consented to
this claim. However by the 1890s Leopold saw fit to treat the Congo�s
inhabitants as he liked; slavery was introduced, many brutalities were
committed and under his rule the Congo population fell to 8 million, an estimated
drop of 70%. The Brussels parliament agreed to pay Leopold 120 million Francs
for the territory, and it became the Belgian Congo until independence in 1960.
18/8/1908, Tuesday (-13,412) (Biology)
English plant pathologist Frederick Charles Bawden was born in North Tawton.
17/8/1908, Monday (-13,413)
15/8/1908, Saturday (-13,415) Winston Churchill announced
his engagement to Clementine Hosier.
14/8/1908, Friday (-13,416) (1) An airship blew up over London, killing one
person.
(2) The first international
beauty contest was held at the Pier Hippodrome, Folkestone, Kent.
Contestants included six English, three French, one Irish, and one Austrian.
12/8/1908, Wednesday
(-13,418) (Price,
Roads,
USA) The Model T Ford began rolling off the
production line. Priced at US$ 825, the cost was kept low by mass production
using standardised parts. Instead of one man assembling an entire car, each
worker preformed just one task as the car moved along a conveyor belt. By this
production line method, the time to assemble a car was cut from 14 hours to 2.
To motivate his workforce, Henry Ford raised wages from US$ 2.34 for a 9 hour
day to US$ 5 for an 8 hour day. Productivity improvements meant Ford could
reduce the car�s price to US$ 300. Over 15 million Model Ts were built and by
the time production ceased in 1927 half the cars in the US were Fords.
10/8/1908, Monday (-13,420) Louise Moulton, US poet, died.
6/8/1908, Thursday (-13,424)
The British Admiralty stated that the new battleships being built by the
Germans would be the most heavily armed in the world.
5/8/1908, Wednesday (-13,425) Harold Holt, Australian Prime
Minister 1966-7 who backed US intervention in Vietnam and sent Australian
troops there, was born.
4/8/1908, Tuesday (-13,426) (USA) William
Boyd Allison, US legislator, died in Dubuque, Iowa (born 2/3/1829 in Perry, Ohio).
1/8/1908, Saturday (-13,429)
8/1908, Model T Ford mass production began. King Leopold I of Belgium
handed over Congo to State.
=======================================================================================
7/1908, Rebellions against Turkish Sultan, Young Turk movement.
Tungaska explosion in Siberia, FBI established in USA. London Olympic Games at
White City.
26/7/1908, Sunday (-13,435) (1) The Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI,
was established in Washington DC. Before this date the US Department of Justice
often called on Secret Service �operatives� to help in its investigations.
These operatives were well trained and dedicated but expensive. They reported
not to the Attorney General but to the chief of the Secret Service. Bonaparte
created a special agents force, to report not to the chief of the Secret
Service but to the Chief Examiner, Stanley Finch, later head of the FBI. This
force of 34 agents later became a permanent part of the Department of Justice.
(2) Salvadore Allende,
President of Chile 1970-3, was born.
25/7/1908, Saturday
(-13,436) William Bowes, cricketer, was born (died 5/9/1987).
24/7/1908, Friday (-13,437) Sultan Abdulhamid II, ruler
of the Ottoman Empire, was forced to implement reforms by the Young Turk
(Jonturkler) Movement. This included the reinstatement of the 1876 constitution
and the recall of Parliament, both suspended under the Sultan�s autocratic
rule. The Young Turk Movement began in 1889 when a group of medical students at
the Istanbul Academy started a campaign to overthrow the Sultan. The Movement
spread to other colleges, and the authorities tried to suppress it; they exiled
many Young Turks to Paris, where they continued to plan for a revolution.
16/7/1908, Thursday (-13,445) Fire at Moorgate tube station.
13/7/1908, Monday (-13,448) (1)
An explosion 1,000 x greater than Hiroshima flattened 80 million trees over 800
square miles near the River Tungaska, Siberia.�
It is thought to have been a meteor or comet.
(2) The 4th Olympic games opened at the
newly-built White City stadium in west London. The Games were originally
scheduled for Rome, but Italy was facing financial issues, including costs
arising from a 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius (7/4/1906).� The Finnish team made a political point by
refusing to carry the Russian flag; the Olympic Committee refused to allow them
to carry their own flag, so they marched flagless. Also some athletes with
Irish Republican sympathies refused to compete in the British team.
10/7/1908, Friday (-13,451) (1) The British announced the deployment of a new
torpedo, with a four mile range and a speed of four knots.
(2) Britain passed the Invalid and Old Age Pensions Act,
giving non-contributory pensions for those over 70. See 1/1/1909.
9/7/1908, Thursday (-13,452) (Sea and Canal)
The Royal Edward Dock, Avonmouth, Bristol opened.
8/7/1908. Wednesday (-13,453)
The German Navy was catching up in strength with the British, according to
the 'World Navy List'.
5/7/1908, Sunday (-13,456) Jonas Lie, Norwegian novelist, died
(born 6/11/1833).
3/7/1908, Friday (-13,458) In Ottoman Turkey, Major
Ahmed Niyazi revolted against the provincial authorities, under the autocratic
rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II. The rebellion quickly spread to other army
divisions, forcing concessions by the Sultan.
2/7/1908, Thursday (-13,459) Thurgood
Marshall, US lawyer, was born (died 1993)
7/1908, Rebellions against Turkish Sultan, Young Turk movement.
Tungaska explosion in Siberia, FBI established in USA. London Olympic Games at
White City.
======================================================================================
6/1908, UK suffragette protests. London�s Rotherhithe Tunnel opened.
30/6/1908. Tuesday (-13,461) (Women�s�
Rights) Suffragettes attempted to present a petition to the UK Prime
Minister. When he refused, windows at his residence were broken.
25/6/1908, Thursday
(-13,466) The railway from Guayaquil, on the Pacific,� to Quito fully opened. Construction began in
1871.
24/6/1908, Wednesday (-13,467)
Grover Cleveland, American Democrat, �22nd and 24th President,
between 1865 and 1897, died in Princeton, New Jersey.
23/6/1908, Tuesday (-13,468)
Mohammed Ali Shah of Persia mounted a successful coup with the help of the
Cossack brigade; he then imposed martial law in Tehran.
22/6/1908, Monday (-13,469)
Six Black people accused of murder were lynched in the USA.
21/6/1908, Sunday (-13,470) (1) A crowd
of 230,000 in Hyde Park demonstrated for votes for women.
(2) Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer, died at
Lyubensk.
17/6/1908, Wednesday (-13,474) Edward Phelps, rowing champion, was born
(died 1/11/1983).
13/6/1908, Saturday (-13,478) (Women�s�
Rights) Suffragettes staged a march from The Embankment to the Albert
Hall.
12/6/1908. Friday (-13,479) London's
Rotherhithe Tunnel opened.� It runs between Rotherhithe and Stepney.
11/6/1908, Thursday (-13,480) (Poland) Georg Adler, Polish economist,
died.
10/6/1908, Wednesday (-13,481)
The Gravehals rail tunnel, Norway, 5.5 km long, opened.
9/6/1908, Tuesday (-13,482)
King Edward VII of Britain met Tsar Nicholas II of Russia at Reval, Russia. The
Tsar agreed to introduce social reform in Macedonia (which was still nominally
under Ottoman Turkish control).
6/6/1908. Saturday (+13,485) France passed a law decreeing that
divorce was automatic after three year�s separation.
4/6/1908. Thursday (-13,487) An attempt was made to assassinate
Major Alfred Dreyfus.
2/6/1908, Tuesday (-13,489) (Britain) Sir Redvers Buller, British General,
died (born 1839).
1/6/1908, Monday (-13,490) Louis
Frechette, French Canadian poet, died (born 16/11/1839).
6/1908, UK suffragette protests. London�s Rotherhithe Tunnel opened.
=====================================================================================
5/1908, Old Age Pensions introduced in UK. White City Franco-British
Exhibition opened. Oil found in Persia.
31/5/1908, Sunday (-13,491) Sir John
Evans, British archaeological writer, died (born 17/11/1823).
28/5/1908, Thursday (-13,494) Ian Fleming, creator of James
Bond, was born in London.
26/5/1908. Tuesday (-13,496) (1) Significant oil fields were found in Persia
(Iran), the first oil strike in the Middle East.
(2) The US
State of North Carolina introduced Prohibition,
banning alcohol.
24/5/1908, Sunday (-13,498) Tom
Morris, golfer, died (born 17/6/1821)).
23/5/1908, Saturday (-13,499)
Famine in Uganda killed 4,000.
22/5/1908, Friday (-13,500) W G
Hoskins, English historian, was born (died 1992)
16/5/1908, Saturday (-13,506) The UK launched its first diesel
submarine, called D-1, from Barrow in Furness.
14/5/1908, Thursday (-13,508) The Franco-British exhibition opened on 200 acres of
land at Wood Lane, north of Shepherd�s Bush, London. The site, called White
City, was served by an extension of the Central Line from Shepherds Bush. The
Prince of Wales opened the exhibition, which was also used for the 1908 Olympic
Games.
11/5/1908, Monday (-13,511) The
foundation stone of the Liver Building, Liverpool, was laid.
10/5/1908. Sunday (-13,512) Mother�s
Day was first celebrated in the USA.
9/5/1908, Saturday (-13,513) Mary
Goldsmith, US ceramicist, was born (died 2007).
8/5/1908, Friday (-13,514)
Ludovic Halevy, French author, died (born 1/1/1834).
7/5/1908. Thursday (-13,515) Old Age Pensions
were introduced in Britain, at 5
shillings (25p) a week, by Prime Minister Asquith, for people over 70.� A married couple would get 7 shillings 6d. Only
those earning under ten shillings a week �were eligible. See 1/1/1909.� At this time, renting a single room cost 2s
6d a week, a half cwt (25kg) of coal cost 6d, 4 loaves of bread cost 6d, a
quarter lb (110g) of tea cost 6d, a quart of milk cost 3d, a half lb of sugar
cost 1d, 7lbs of potatoes cost 3d, 1lb of cheese cost 2d, and a half lb of meat
cost 3d.� Total cost, 5 shillings.
5/5/1908, Tuesday (-13,516) Albert Lapparent, French geologist died.
5/1908, Old Age Pensions introduced in UK. White City Franco-British
Exhibition opened. Oil found in Persia.
=====================================================================================
4/1908, Territorial Army founded. Tel Aviv founded by Jewish
settlers. Roosevelt ordered end to racial segregation on US trains. Herbert
Asquith became UK PM
19/4/1908, Sunday (-13,533) Easter Sunday.
13/4/1908, Monday (-13,539)
Floods in China killed 2,000.
12/4/1908, Sunday (-13,540) Herbert Asquith was appointed
Prime Minister, replacing Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, who had resigned through
ill-health. David Lloyd George became Chancellor of the Exchequer.
11/4/1908, Saturday
(-13,541) Tel Aviv, Israel, was founded by 60 settlers.
8/4/1908. Wednesday (-13,544) In the US, President Roosevelt issued an
injunction allowing Black people to use the same train carriages as Whites in
the South.
5/4/1908, Saturday (-13,547) (Britain) Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, English
Prime Minister, died (born 7/9/1836).
2/4/1908, Thursday (-13,550) The destroyer HMS Tiger collided with the cruiser HMS Berwick near the Isle of Wight, killing
35 sailors.
1/4/1908, Wednesday
(-13,551) The Territorial Army was
officially founded, as the Territorial Force, by Lord Haldane.
=====================================================================================
3/1908, First air passenger flight over Paris. German
Dreadnought battleship launched.
24/3/1908, Tuesday
(-13,559) John Colvin, Governor of the North-West Provinces of India, died.
21/3/1908, Saturday (-13,562) (1) Frenchman Henri Farman piloted the world�s
first passenger flight, over Paris.
(2) Abraham Maslow, US psychologist, was born (died
1970).
16/3/1908. Monday (-13,567) Florence Nightingale, aged 87, was awarded the Freedom of the City of
London. Born in 1820 to a middle class family in Derbyshire, she became
interested in hygienic care for the sick after visiting a German religious
hospital in 1850 which specialised in hygiene and care. In 1854 she was
disturbed by terrible reports of the conditions in military hospitals there.
She took 37 nurses and arrived at the hospital at Scutari, arriving on
4/11/1854. The military did not at first take her seriously, but her
determination won through and she reduced the hospital�s death rate from 42% to
just 2%. After the Crimean War she trained nurses in London and worked to
improve the care for the sick.
12/3/1908, Thursday (-13,571) Edmondo de Amicis, Italian writer,
died
in Bordighera (born 21/10/1846 in Oneglia).
7/3/1908, Saturday (-13,576)
Germany launched its first Dreadnought battleship.
4/3/1908. Wednesday (-13,579) The whip was banned as a means of
corporal punishment in US schools.
1/3/1908, Sunday (-13,582) John
Adrian, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, died.
=====================================================================================
2/1908, Helium liquefied. Suffragette protests in London. Limit on
Japanese migration to USA.
29/2/1908, Saturday (-13,583) Onnes, a Dutch scientist in
Leyden, announced he had liquefied helium.
26/2/1908, Wednesday (-13,586) Johann Kirchhoff, German scholarly
writer, died.
24/2/1908. Monday (-13,588) Japan
and the USA agreed to limit Japanese migration to the US. President Roosevelt
was concerned at working-class migration into the US following an influx of
Chinese coolies. Chinese migration began to fall from its peak of 107,000 a
year; Japanese migration only began more recently and in 1900 there were only
25,000 Japanese in the whole of the USA.
23/2/1908, Sunday (-13,589) Sir
William McMahon, Australian Liberal and 25th Prime Minister, was
born.
22/2/1908, Saturday (-13,590)
21/2/1908, Friday (-13,591) Harriet
Hosmer, US sculptor, died (born 9/10/1830).
20/2/1908, Thursday (-13,592)
The Russian General Stossel was sentenced to death for surrendering to the
Japanese.
13/2/1908, Thursday (-13,599) Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was
encouraging anti-Semitism.
11/2/1908, Tuesday (-13,601) (Women�s�
Rights) Suffragettes attempted to force entry to the House of Commons.
10/2/1908, Monday
(-13,602) Mustapha Kamal of Egypt died.
9/2/1908, Sunday
(-13,603)
8/2/1908. Saturday (-13,604) Czar
Nicholas II ordered Russian troops to the Iranian border after Turkey made
incursions into Iran.
7/2/1908, Friday (-13,605) In
Britain the Liberal newspaper Tribune
ceased publication.
4/2/1908, Tuesday (-13,608)
1/2/1908, Saturday (-13,611) (Portugal) Carlos
I, King of Portugal, was assassinated along with his son, Prince Luiz, by
soldiers after a failed revolution. He was succeeded by his 18-year old younger
son, Manoel II.
======================================================================================
1/1908, Boy Scouting growing. Suffragette protest in London. Teller,
inventor of Hydrogen Bomb, was born.
31/1/1908, Friday (-13,612) (Medical)
Karl von Voit, physiologist, was born in Munich, Germany.
30/1/1908. Thursday (-13,613) Mohandas Ghandi, who led a campaign
against the requirement for all Asian people to register, was released from a
South African prison by General Smuts.
28/1/1908, Tuesday (-13,615)
27/1/1908, Monday (-13,616)
Austria announced plans to build a railway south towards Salonika, to assist
trade and extend Austro-Hungarian political influence.
26/1/1908, Sunday (-13,617) The
first Boy Scout troop was registered, in Glasgow.
25/1/1908, Saturday (-13,618) Louise
de la Ramee, English novelist (pen name Ramee) died aged 67.
24/1/1908, Friday (-13,619)
Edward
MacDowell, US composer, died (born 18/12/1861).
23/1/1908, Thursday (-13,620) A 7,000 mile telegraph line
from Britain to India began operations.
22/1/1908. Wednesday (-13,621)
The British Labour Party decided to adopt Socialism.
20/1/1908, Monday (-13,623)
17/1/1908, Friday (-13,626) (Women�s�
Rights) Suffragettes raided 10 Downing Street, London, during a Cabinet
meeting.
16/1/1908. Thursday (-13,627)
The first issue of Scouting For Boys, Baden-Powell�s fortnightly journal of
the scouting movement, was published.
15/1/1908, Wednesday (-13,628)
Edward Teller, who invented the Hydrogen Bomb, was born in Budapest.
14/1/1908, Tuesday (-13,629) Holger
Drachmann, Danish poet, died (born 9/10/1846).
10/1/1908, Friday (-13,633)
9/1/1908, Thursday (-13,634)
Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer and philosopher, was born (died
1986).
8/1/1908, Wednesday (-13,635)
Count Von Zeppelin announced plans to build an airship capable of carrying 100
people.
7/1/1908, Tuesday (-13,636)
Sir Frederick Gibberd, town planner who designed Harlow New Town, was born
(died 1984).� He also designed Didcot
power station (1968), the Intercontinental Hotel at Hyde Park Corner, London (1975),
Liverpool�s Catholic cathedral (1967), and the Regent�s Park Mosque (1977).
6/1/1908, Monday (-13,637)
2,000 textile workers went on strike in Oldham, Lancashire.
5/1/1908, Sunday (-13,638) (Crime) Serious
prisoner mutiny at Dartmoor Prison; several warders injured.
3/1/1908, Friday (-13,640)
2/1/1908, Thursday (-13,641)
John Knight, English landscape painter, died.
1/1/1908. Wednesday (-13,642)
The US state of Georgia introduced prohibition,
banning alcohol.
1/1908, Boy Scouting growing. Suffragette protest in London. Teller,
inventor of Hydrogen Bomb, was born.
====================================================================================
12/1907, Unrest in India. Lord Kelvin, physicist, died.
31/12/1907. Tuesday (-13,643) 167
Duma (Parliament) deputies jailed for treason in Russia. See 14/10/1907.
26/12/1907, Thursday (-13,648)
The first session of the Indian National Congress was halted after clashes
between moderates and extremists.
23/12/1907, Monday (-13,651) Pierre Janssen, French astronomer, died
(born 22/2/1824).
17/12/1907, Tuesday (-13,657) Lord Kelvin, physicist and inventor, died.
16/12/1907, Monday (-13,658) The US sent a fleet of 16 battleships on a
round-the-world tour, to demonstrate the military might of the USA.
15/12/1907, Sunday (-13,659) The new
Shah of Persia attempted to depose the new liberal Chief Minister. However,
popular protests forced him to reverse this move.
14/12/1907, Saturday (-13,660)
In St Petersburg, 38 soldiers were sentenced to life imprisonment for
surrendering to the Japanese at Port Arthur.
13/12/1907, Friday (-13,661)
The liner Mauretania ran aground at
Liverpool.
12/12/1907, Thursday (-13,662) Dinizulu, King of the Zulus,
surrendered to the British; a Zulu rebellion had been triggered by the
imposition of a poll tax.
11/12/1907, Wednesday (-13,663) Fire destroyed the Parliament buildings
at Wellington, New Zealand.
10/12/1907. Tuesday (-13,664) Rudyard Kipling was awarded the
Nobel Prize for literature, the first time it had been awarded to an English
writer.
9/12/1907, Monday (-13,665) (Electrical) Noel Walton Bott, pioneer of wave
energy for electrical power, was born. (died 7/6/1996)
8/12/1907, Sunday (-13,666)
King Oscar II of Sweden died, aged 78, after a 35-year reign; he also ruled
Norway until 1905. His eldest son, Gustav V, 49, became King, and ruled until
1950.
7/12/1907, Saturday (-13,667) The first congress of the Egyptian
Nationalist movement, under Mustafa Kamil.
6/12/1907, Friday (-13,668) The USA suffered its worst mine
disaster.� 361 died at Monongah, West
Virginia.
3/12/1907, Tuesday (-13,671)
12/1907, Unrest in India. Lord Kelvin, physicist, died.
=====================================================================================
11/1907, Suffragette protests in London. Helicopter prototype built.
29/11/1907. Friday (-13,675) Florence
Nightingale, aged 87, the �Lady with the Lamp�, was presented with the Order of
Merit by Edward VII for her work during the Crimean War, see 4/11/1854.
28/11/1907, Thursday (-13,676)
Alberto Moravia, Italian novelist, was born (died 1990).
27/11/1907, Wednesday (-13,677)
Eric Brook, footballer, was born (died 29/3/1965).
20/11/1907, Wednesday (-13,684)
17/11/1907, Sunday (-13,687) Sir
Francis McClintock, British Arctic explorer, died (born 8/7/1819).
16/11/1907. Saturday (-13,688) (1)
Suffragettes shouted down Herbert Asquith, Chancellor of the Exchequer, at a
meeting in Warwickshire. An Act was passed in 1907 allowing women to sit as
councillors, but they still lacked the vote. Despite divisions within the
Women�s Social and Political Union, with some members seeing Mrs Pankhurst as
too domineering, the campaign for female suffrage continued unabated.
(2) Oklahoma
was admitted as the 46th State of the USA.
15/11/1907, Friday (-13,689)
Moncure Conway, author, died in Paris (born 17/3/1832 in Virginia, USA).
14/11/1907, Thursday (-13,690)
The Third Duma met in Russia; it sat until 1912. Elected on a restricted
franchise, it suppressed revolutionary activities.
13/11/1907, Wednesday (-13,691) In France, Mr Paul Cornu
built a prototype helicopter, or �direct lifter� as he called it. It rose 4
feet into the air and stayed there for 60 seconds.
1/11/1907, Friday (-13,703) The first women councillors were elected in
England, in local elections.
=====================================================================================
10/1907, International Court of Justice for The Hague. Territorial
Army planned, Lusitania broke transatlantic crossing speed record
29/10/1907, Tuesday (-13,706) Gerald
Massey, English poet, died (born 29/5/1828).
28/10/1907, Monday (-13,707)
Thomas Hampson, athlete, was born (died 4/9/1965).
26/10/1907, Saturday (-13,709) The UK�s �Territorial Army was conceived by the
Secretary of State for War, Richard Haldane.
24/10/1907, Thursday (-13,711) (Earthquake)
Severe earthquake hit Calabria, southern Italy.
21/10/1907, Monday (-13,724) George Bodley, English architect, died in
Water Eaton, Oxford (born 1827).
18/10/1907, Friday (-13,717) (1) Plans were announced for an International
Court of Justice, to be set up in The Hague.
(2) Wireless
telegraphy began between the USA and Ireland.
14/10/1907, Monday (-13,721) Third parliament (Duma) formed in St
Petersburg. See 31/12/1907.
11/10/1907, Friday (-13,724) The
British luxury liner Lusitania broke the record for crossing the
Atlantic by 11 hours 46 minutes, making the crossing to New York in just 4
days, 19 hours, and 52 minutes. With 1,200 passengers and 650 crew, she
averaged 24 knots.
10/10/1907, Thursday (-13,725)
Demonstrations and strikes in Budapest, Hungary, as Parliament opened there,
demanding universal adult suffrage.
6/10/1907, Sunday (-13,729) Henry Brampton, English judge, died in London
(born in Hitchin 14/9/1817).
4/10/1907, Friday (-13,731) Riots in India were blamed on a
visit by UK MP Kier Hardie to the colony
2/10/1907, Wednesday (-13,733) Johann Mojsisovics, geological writer,
died (born 18/10/1839).
=======================================================================================
9/1907, The Lusitania crossed the Atlantic in a record 5 days.
Britain�s first military airship flew.
26/9/1907, Thursday (-13,739) New Zealand became a dominion. It
had become a colony of Britain in 1840. A series of wars between the British
and the native Maoris ended with peace in the 1870s. Full independence was
achieved in 1947.
21/9/1907, Saturday (-13,744) (Namibia) Morenga
was killed in a brief battle with British forces. He had escaped back into
Namibia in 8/1907, causing alarm on both sides of the frontier, but then
returned to British-controlled territory. A British task force was sent to
arrest him and he died in an exchange of fire in the Kalahari Desert.
13/9/1907, Friday (-13,752) The British ocean liner
Lusitania arrived in New York on her maiden voyage, having crossed the Atlantic
in a record 5 days, at average speed 23 knots.
12/9/1907, Thursday (-13,753)
Louis Macneice, Irish poet, was born (died 1963).
10/9/1907, Tuesday (-13,755) Britain�s first military airship
flew successfully at Farnborough.
7/9/1907, Saturday (-13,758) Bogdan
Hasdeu, Romanian scholarly writer, died (born 1836).
6/9/1907, Friday (-13.,759)
Donald Hume, badminton champion, was born (died 3/5/1986)
4/9/1907, Wednesday (-13,761) Edward Greig, Norwegian composer, died in Bergen.
9/1907, The Lusitania crossed the Atlantic in a record 5 days.
Britain�s first military airship flew.
======================================================================================
8/1907, Smoking suspected of being hazardous. Docks unrest in
Belfast. Anglo Russia France d�tente.
31/8/1907, Saturday (-13,765) (Britain, Russia, France-Germany)
The UK and Russia agreed an entente, defining spheres of influence in Persia,
Tibet, and Afghanistan.� There was an
implicit agreement that Britain would not allow Russia to control the Bosporus,
and the entente opened up the London money markets to Russia, allowing it to
recover from the Japanese defeat of 1904/5. France was also part of this
agreement, forming a Triple Entente
to contain the newly unified Prussian-dominated Germany.
30/8/1907, Friday (-13,766) (Computing)
John William Mauchly was born in Cincinatti, Ohio. In 1946, along with John
Prosper Eckert, he completed ENIAC, the first all-purpose computer.
13/8/1907, Tuesday (-13,783) (1) An Anglo-Russian agreement
recognised Afghanistan as an independent Kingdom; a Republic since 1973.
(2) Two civilians were killed by British troops in
Belfast. The docks strike in Belfast had been called by James Larkin the
dockworkers union leader in May 1907, in response to pay rates as low as 10
shillings a week, and he had urged mill workers to join the strike. A local
magistrate, Major Martin Thackeray, attempted to read the Riot act to a crowd
of 500 strikers who were throwing stones at police, but he had to admit he was
inaudible. Four soldiers were injured by stones. Unrest grew and on 11/8/1907 a
police van was ambushed on Grosvenor Road. A crowd of 2,000 gathered and
attacked a barracks. The Government sent in 2,600 soldiers as well as 80
cavalry and 500 police. Some soldiers smashed doors and windows of homes.
Whilst stationed to protect workers in the Catholic Falls Road area, soldiers
shot dead a woman looking for her child and a man returning from his work.
10/8/1907, Saturday (-13,786)The world�s longest and hardest motor race,
from Beijing to Paris, ended with victory by Prince Borghese of Italy, who
completed the 8,000 mile course in 62 days. He faced desert, swamps, mountains,
a bushfire, and a Belgian policeman who stopped him for speeding.
4/8/1907, Sunday (-13,792)
The French navy bombarded the Moroccan port of Casablanca, after anti-Western
demonstrations there.
3/8/1907, Saturday (-13,793) Kaiser
Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II met at Swinemunde to discuss the Baghdad
Railway.
2/8/1907, Friday (-13,794) Dr Herbert Tidswell, a Devon
GP, spoke out at a meeting of the British Medical Association about the
undesirability of allowing children to smoke. He claimed smoking could cause
cancer, but other doctors were unconvinced that moderate smoking was dangerous.
8/1907, Smoking suspected of being hazardous. Docks unrest in
Belfast. Anglo Russia France d�tente.
=====================================================================================
7/1907, US set up world�s first air force. Brooklands motor race
track opened. Boy Scout camp opened at Poole.
30/7/1907, Tuesday (-13,797) British troops sent in to quell
rioting in Belfast.
27/7/1907, Saturday (-13,800) Molly Phillips, figure skater, was born
(died 15/12/1994).
25/7/1907. Thursday (-13,802) (1) Sir
Robert Baden-Powell�s experimental camp, to test the feasibility of scouting,
was set up on Brownsea Island, near Poole; 20 boys attended. The Boy Scout�s
association was created on 29/7/1909.�
The camp closed for the winter on 9/8/1907.
(2) Japan made Korea a protectorate. The Korean Emperor
Kojong (I T�ae Wang) who had ruled since 1864 abdicated 19/7/1907, aged 55
under pressure from Japan, who was occupying Korea.
19/7/1907, Friday (-13,816) Kojong, Emperor of Korea for 43 years, aged
55, abdicated under pressure from the Japanese, who were occupying his country.
15/7/1907, Monday (-13,812) London�s
first electric buses began operating, between Victoria and Liverpool Street.
Unfortunately the electric bus industry was riddled with swindlers promising
false returns to investors, and petrol and diesel buses took over.
14/7/1907, Sunday (-13,813) (Chemistry)
Sir William Henry Perkin, English chemist, died in Sudbury, Middlesex.
11/7/1907, Thursday (-13,816) Leonard Harvey, boxer, was born (died
28/11/1976).
8/7/1907, Monday (-13,819) Sophus Bugge, Norwegian scholarly writer, died
(born 5/1/1833)
6/7/1907. Saturday (-13,821) Brooklands motor racing track, near Weybridge, Surrey, opened. It
closed in 1939.
4/7/1907, Thursday (-13,823) Ernst Fischer, German philosophical
writer, died (born 23/7/1824).
1/7/1907, Monday (-13,826)
The US established the world�s first air force.� The aeronautical division of the US Army�s
Signal Office was set up under the command of Captain Chandler. The force
consisted of one officer, one NCO, and one enlisted man. It had one aircraft,
which had to be capable of flying for one hour at 36 mph. The biplane was
delivered to Fort Meyer, Virginia, for test flights in August 1908. It crashed
in September 1908 and a new Wright Flyer was ordered. This was delivered on
2/8/1909. By 1914 the US air force had just 6 planes.
7/1907, US set up world�s first air force. Brooklands motor race
track opened. Boy Scout camp opened at Poole.
=====================================================================================
6/1907, Russian parliament dissolved. Frank Whittle (jet engine) was
born. Persil went on sale.
17/6/1907, Monday (-13,840) (Road)
Brooklands, the world�s first motor racing circuit, opened at Weybridge,
Surrey. The circuit is 3.75 miles long.
16/6/1907. Sunday (-13,841) The
Russian parliament (Duma) was dissolved by Tsar Nicholas II on grounds of
treason after reactionary parties attempted to force concessions. An electoral
reform in Russia increased the representation of the propertied classes, and
reduced the representation of national minorities.
14/6/1907, Friday (-13,843) (1) Norway gave women the vote (General
Elections).
(2) The UK
Government announced a Bill to curb the House of Lords.
11/6/1907, Tuesday (-13,846) Clovis Hugues, French poet, died (born
3/11/1851).
7/6/1907, Friday (-13,850) Sir
Carl Douglas Aarvold, rugby union player, was born (died 17/3/1991).
6/6/1907. Thursday (-13,851)
(1) Persil washing powder went on sale for the
first time, in Dusseldorf, Germany.
(2) The British
Government said it would never leave India.
1/6/1907, Saturday (-13,856) Sir Frank Whittle, inventor of jet
propulsion, was born in Coventry.
=======================================================================================
5/1907, Denmark adopted the Metric System. Spain allied with Britain
and France, threat from Germany. Nairobi capital of Kenya. First female MPs in
Finland. First Isle of Man TT Race.
28/5/1907, Tuesday (-13,860) The
first Isle of Man TT motorcycle race was held. The average speed of the
winner was 38 mph.
27/5/1907, Monday (-13,861)
Rachel Louise Carson, marine biologist and US author, author of Silent Spring,
was born.
26/5/1907, Sunday, (-13,862) John
Wayne, actor, was born.
25/5/1907. Saturday (-13,863) (1) In Finland, the world�s first Parliament with
women members opened.
(2) The first 24-hour motor race, the Endurance Derby,
was held in Philadelphia. The winning car covered a distance of 791 miles.
21/5/1907, Tuesday (-13,867) Sir Joseph Fayrer, English physician, died
(born 6/12/1824).
19/5/1907, Sunday (-13,869) (Britain)
Sir Benjamin Baker, British engineer, died in Pangbourne, Berkshire (born
1840).
18/5/1907, Saturday (-13,870)
John
Ingram, Irish scholarly writer, died (born 7/7/1832).
16/5/1907, Thursday (-13,872) (1) Nairobi
was chosen as capital of British East Africa (Kenya) because of its location on
the Mombasa-Uganda railway.
(2) Spain signed the Cartagena Pact with Britain and
France, to counter a perceived German threat to annex the Balearic and Canary
Islands.
14/5/1907, Tuesday (-13,874)
Muhammad Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan, was born (died 1974).
13/5/1907, Monday (-13,875)
Daphne du Maurier, English novelist, was born in London.
6/5/1907, Monday (-13,882) John Watson, writer, died (born 3/11/1850).
4/5/1907, Saturday (-13,884) Denmark made the use of the metric system
of weights and measures compulsory, for official use by 1910 and for the
general public by 1912.
2/5/1907, Thursday (-13,886) (1) Rioting in Rawalpindi and East
Bengal, India.
(2) King Edward VII of Britain met the French President
in Paris.
======================================================================================
4/1907, Japan returned Manchuria to China. Channel Tunnel project
aborted.
30/4/1907, Tuesday (-13,888) King Edward VII of Britain visited Rome
and The Vatican.
25/4/1907, Thursday (-13,893)
The UK�s Channel Tunnel Bill was defeated because of War Office opposition
and lack of popular support.
24/4/1907, Wednesday (-13,894) Winston Churchill, Colonial
Under-Secretary, was made a Privy Councillor.
17/4/1907, Wednesday (-13,901)
A record all time high of 11,747 immigrants arrived at Ellis Island, New York,
this day.
15/4/1907. Monday (-13,903) Japan
handed Manchuria back to China under the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the
Russo-Japanese war.
14/4/1907, Sunday (-13,904) Francois Duvalier, Haitian
President and dictator, was born.
8/4/1907, Monday (-13,910) Britain and France� confirmed the independence of Siam
(Thailand).
5/4/1907, Friday (-13,913) Malcolm MacColl, religious writer, died.
3/4/1907. Wednesday (-13,915) Russia reported that 20 million
people were starving in the worst famine on record.
======================================================================================
3/1907, Ghandhi began civil disobedience campaign in India. First
commercially-produced aircraft. UK rejected female enfranchisement.
31/3/1907, Sunday (-13,918) Easter
Sunday.
30/3/1907, Saturday (-13,919) The first commercially
produced aircraft was delivered to its purchaser, marking the start of the
world�s aviation industry. Paris sculptor Leon Delagrange ordered the biplane
from Voisin Freres, Billancourt, France.
29/3/1907, Friday (-13,920) A
train derailed near Colton, California; 26 were killed and about 100 injured.
26/3/1907, Tuesday (-13,923)
23/3/1907, Saturday (-13,926) (Medical) Daniele
Bovet was born in Neuch�tel, Switzerland. In 1936 he discovered the
effectiveness of sulphanilamide in treating streptococci.
22/3/1907, Friday (-13,927) (1) 75 suffragettes jailed in Britain for refusing
to pay fines.
(2) Mohandas Ghandi 1869-1948)
started a civil disobedience campaign in South Africa.� He was campaigning against a rule that all
Indians in South Africa had to be finger-printed and carry an ID certificate at
all times.� Ghandi had spoken to the
British Colonial Secretary, Winston Churchill, whom assured Ghandi he disagreed
with this law. However Transvaal was soon to become self-governing so this
reassurance was of little significance.�
The Transvaal jailed Ghandi, when he refused to comply with the new
rules, but he was soon more of a problem to them inside jail than out.� Jan Smuts, Attorney General for Transvaal,
had secret discussions with Ghandi, a compromise was reached, and Ghandi
released.
18/3/1907, Monday (-13,931) Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist, died
in Paris (born in Paris 29/10/1827).
15/3/1907, Friday (-13,934) The
Finns elected their first woman MP; in Britain, women still had not got the
vote.
14/3/1907, Thursday (-13,935)
The US President forbade Japanese labourers from entering the USA.
13/3/1907, Wednesday (-13,936)
John Holden, marathon runner, was born.
12/3/1907, Tuesday (-13,937) Dorrit
Hoffleit, US astronomer, was born (died 2007)
11/3/1907, Monday (-13,938) (Bulgaria) The Bulgarian Prime Minister was
assassinated by a disaffected youth, who had been dismissed from a post in one
of the country�s agricultural posts.
10/3/1907, Sunday (-13,939) Francisco
Orlich Bolmarcich, Costa Rican President 1962 to 1966, was born.
9/3/1907, Saturday (-13,940) John
Alexander Dowie, Scottish evangelist and faith healer (born 25/5/1847 in Edinburgh,
Scotland) died in Chicago, Illinois.
8/3/1907, Friday (-13,941) Keir
Hardie�s Women�s Enfranchisement Bill was defeated in the House of Commons.
6/3/1907, Wednesday (-13,943)
5/3/1907, Tuesday (-13,944) Second
Parliament (Duma) met in St Petersburg.
4/3/1907, Monday (-13,945) (Atomic)
Soviet physicist Vladimir Iosifovich was born in Zhitomir, Ukraine. In 1945 he
designed an improved particle accelerator.
1/3/1907, Friday (-13,948)
3/1907, Ghandhi began civil disobedience campaign in India. First
commercially-produced aircraft. UK rejected female enfranchisement.
======================================================================================
1/1907, Suffragette protest at Westminster. Panama Canal to be built
by US Army. UK naval expansion.
28/2/1907, Thursday (-13,949) Britain�s Royal Navy ordered
three more Dreadnought warships.
27/2/1907, Wednesday (-13,950) London�s Central
Criminal Court (The Old Bailey) was opened on the site of Newgate Prison, by
King Edward VII.
26/2/1907. Tuesday (-13,951) President Roosevelt put the US army in charge
of building the Panama Canal.
24/2/1907, Sunday (-13,953)
22/2/1907, Friday (-13,955) The first taxi cabs with
meters began operating in Britain.
21/2/1907, Thursday (-13,956) W
H Auden, English poet, was born.
20/2/1907, Wednesday (-13,957) (Chemistry)
Ferdinand Frederic Henri Moissan died, probably as a result of his experiments
with fluorine, see 1886.
16/2/1907, Saturday (-13,961) Giosue Carducci, Italian poet (born
27/7/1836) died.
13/2/1907, Wednesday (-13,964) A large crowd of suffragettes
stormed the Houses of Parliament as they attempted to hand a petition to the
Government. It took a battalion of mounted police five hours to subdue the
demonstration; 57 suffragettes were arrested, including Emmeline and Christine
Pankhurst, but 15 of them did manage to enter the Commons.
12/2/1907, Tuesday (-13,965)
In the UK, the Liberal Government put Home Rule for Ireland on the agenda,
along with better public housing.
11/2/1907, Monday (-13,966) (London)
Explosion at the chemical research department, Woolwich Arsenal, caused much
damage.
7/2/1907, Thursday (-13,970) George Goschen, British statesman, died
(born 10/8/1831).
2/2/1907, Saturday (-13,975) Walter Donaldson, snooker champion, was
born (died 24/5/1973).
1/1907, Suffragette protest at Westminster. Panama Canal to be built
by US Army. UK naval expansion.
======================================================================================
1/1907, Famine in China, anti-clerical laws in France. First US
Amerindian Senator.
29/1/1907, Tuesday (-13,979) Charles Curtis became U.S. Senator for
Kansas, the first Indigenous American to become a Senator.
28/1/1907, Monday (-13,980) 164 miners died in a pit explosion
at Saarbrucken, Germany.
27/1/1907, Sunday (-13,981) Albert Arthur Roberts, English footballer for
Southampton, was born..
26/1/1907, Saturday (-13,982) Henry Field, US author, died (born 3/4/1822).
25/1/1907, Friday (-13,983) Rene Pottier, French racing cyclist, died
aged 27.
24/1/1907, Thursday (-13,984) Alexander Russell Alger, US soldier and
politician (born 27/2/1836 in Lafayette, Ohio) died in Washington DC.
23/1/1907, Wednesday (-13,985) In the UK, Lloyd George advocated
reducing the power of the House of Lords.
22/1/1907, Tuesday (-13,986) In London, a strike by music hall
artists disrupted theatre performances.
21/1/1907, Monday (-13,987) Toivo Kauppinen, Finnish writer, was born.
20/1/1907, Sunday (-13,988) Agnes Clerke, English astronomer, died (born
10/2/1842).
19/1/1907, Saturday (-13,989) Captain Henry Singleton Pennell, English
soldier who received the Victoria Cross, died.
16/1/1907, Wednesday (-13,996) Alfred Shaw, cricketer, died.
14/1/1907. Monday (-13,994) (Earthquake)
Major quake hit Kingston, Jamaica. Most of the city was destroyed and over
1,000 died. On 22/1/1907 the islands British Governor rejected an offer of food
and medical aid from the US navy.
12/1/1907, Saturday (-13,906) Adolf
Hilgenfeld, German religious writer, died (2/6/1823).
11/1/1907, Friday (-13,997)
Pierre Mendes-France, French politician, was born (died 1982)
10/1/1907, Thursday (-13,998)
Austria passed a Bill giving the vote to all males aged 24 and over.
8/1/1907, Tuesday (-14,000) Persian Shah Muzaffar ud-Din died aged 54
after a weak reign of 11 years. He was succeeded by his 35-year-old son who reigned
until 1909 as Mohammed Ali.
3/1/1907, Thursday (-14,005) (Russia)
The Prefect of St Petersburg was assassinated at the Institute of Experimental
Medicine.
2/1/1907, Wednesday (-14,006)
Anti-clerical laws in France forbade the crucifix in schools.
1/1/1907, Tuesday (-14,007) In
China, 4 million people were starving due to heavy rains and crop failure.
1/1907, Famine in China, anti-clerical laws in France. First US
Amerindian Senator.
=====================================================================================
12/1906, First purpose-built cinema. Muslim league founded in India.
Suffragette protests in London jail.
30/12/1906, Sunday (-14,009) (India)
In India the Muslim League was founded, to call for separate Muslim areas and
counter the Pan-Indian ideals of the Indian National Congress. The separate
Muslim electoral areas were delivered under the Indian Councils Act of 1909.
Ultimately this paved the way for the Partition of India in 1947.
26/12/1906, Wednesday (-14,013) (Science)
German physicist Ernst August Friedrich Ruska was born in Heidelberg.
25/12/1906,
Tuesday (-14,014) Suffragettes in London�s
Holloway Prison refused Christmas meals.
24/12/1906, Monday (-14,015) (Maritime)
the first radio programme aimed at seamen was broadcast from the US coast.
19/12/1906. Wednesday (-14,020) (Russia) Birth
of Leonid Brezhnev.� He was born in Kamenskoye (now Dneprodzerzhinsk),
in the Ukraine.
14/12/1906. Friday (-14,025) The
German navy acquired its first submarine, the U1.
13/12/1906, Thursday (-14,026) A
revolt of the Centre Party in the German Reichstag opposed spending on colonial
wars. Von Bulow dissolved the Reichstag; in subsequent elections the Socialists
lost ground.
12/12/1906, Wednesday (-14,027) In South Africa, the
Transvaal was given autonomy with White male suffrage.
9/12/1906, Sunday (-14,030) Ferdinand Brunetiere, French writer, died
(born 19/7/1849).
6/12/1906, Thursday (-14,033)
Self-government was granted to Transvaal and the Orange River Colony.
5/12/1906, Wednesday (-14,034) Russian Admiral Niebogatov
went on trial, accused of surrendering ships to the Japanese.
4/12/1906, Tuesday (-14,035) (Medical) Robert
Wallace Wilkins was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1950 he developed the
use of reserpine for the treatment of high blood pressure.
3/12/1906, Monday (-14,036) (Football)
AC Torino football club was founded.
2/12/1906, Sunday (-14,037) (Sound)
Hungarian-US physicist Peter Mark Goldmark was born in Budapest. In 1948 he
developed the first long-playing record in the USA.
1/12/1906. Saturday (-14,038) The
world�s first purpose-built picture palace, the Cinema Omnia Pathe, opened in
Paris.
12/1906, First purpose-built cinema. Muslim league founded in India.
Suffragette protests in London jail.
======================================================================================
11/1906, Pankhurst, suffragette, released from prison, First balloon
crossing of Alps.
30/11/1906, Friday (-14,039) (Britain)
The Prince of Wales opened the new Cotton Exchange in Liverpool.
26/11/1906, Monday (-14,043)
US President Theodore Roosevelt returned to the USA from Central America,
becoming the first American President to travel abroad whilst in office. On his
17-day trip aboard the US battleship Louisiana he visited Puerto Rico then went
on to Panama to see how the construction of the Panama Canal was progressing.
22/11/1906, Thursday (-14,049)
Stolypin introduced agrarian reforms in Russia.
21/11/1906, Wednesday (-14,048) In Glasgow, a man died when
200,000 gallons of hot whisky burst out of vats.
20/11/1906. Tuesday (-14,049) Charles
Rolls and Henry Royce formed the car company Rolls Royce Ltd.
17/11/1906, Saturday (-14,052) Hugh Edwards, Olympic rower, was born (died
21/12/1972).
15/11/1906, Thursday (-14,054) Japan launched what was then the
world�s largest battleship, the Satsuma.
12/11/1906, Monday (-14,057) (Aviation)
A Santos-Dumas of France set an aviation speed record of 25.65 mph.
11/11/1906, Sunday (-14,058) (Aviation)
The first balloon crossing of the Alps. A balloon piloted by Murillo and Cresti
lifted off from Milan and passed over Mont Blanc, highest peak of the Alps.
9/11/1906, Friday (-14,060) (Education-Schools)
Dorothea Beale died (born 21/3/1831), As Principal of Cheltenham Ladies College
(opened 1854) from 1858, she did much to improve its standing, and new
buildings were erected there from 1873 onwards.
6/11/1906. Tuesday (-14,063) Sylvia
Pankhurst, suffragette, released
from prison.
5/11/1906, Monday (-14,064) (Space
exploration) Fred Lawrence Whipple was born in Red Oak, Indiana. In
1949 he suggested that comets are �dirty snowballs� consisting of water ice and
ammonia ice with rock dust.
2/11/1906. Friday (-14,067) Jewish revolutionary Leon Trotsky
was exiled for life to Siberia.
11/1906, Pankhurst, suffragette, released from prison, First balloon
crossing of Alps.
=======================================================================================
10/1906, SOS as distress signal. Pictures transmitted by telegraph.
Cezanne died. Suffragettes jailed in London.
30/10/1906, Tuesday (-14,070) Gathorne Cranbrook, British statesman, died
(born 1/10/1814).
25/10/1906, Thursday (-14,075)
Georges Clemenceau became PM in France.
24/10/1906. Wednesday (-14,076)
11 suffragettes were jailed
for demonstrating in London, after refusing to pay �10 fines, or even
acknowledge the court. Prison achieved martyrdom for the women.
23/10/1906, Tuesday (-14,077)
Women suffragettes demonstrated in the outer lobby of the House of Commons. 10
were arrested and charged the following day.
22/10/1906, Monday (-14,078) (1)
The painter Paul Cezanne died in Aix en Provence, France (born 19/1/1839).
(2) Elise Deroche became the first woman to fly solo.
20/10/1906, Saturday (-14,080)
18/10/1906, Thursday (-14,082) (Chemistry)
Friedrich Konrad Beilstein, Russian chemist, died in St Petersburg.
17/10/1906. Wednesday (-14,083)
First transmission of a picture by telegraph.
16/10/1906. Tuesday (-14,084) British
New Guinea became part of Australia.
12/10/1906, Friday (-14,088)
9/10/1906. Tuesday (-14,091) Death
of Joseph Glidden in the USA; he invented barbed wire.
8/10/1906, Monday (-14,092) Karl
Nessler demonstrated first 'permanent wave' for hair in London
7/10/1906, Sunday (-14,093) The Shah opened the Persian
Assembly.
6/10/1906, Saturday (-14,094)
Auguste
Himly, French historical writer, died (born 28/3/1823).
5/10/1906. Friday (-14,095) In
Russia, 1,000 prisoners a day were being exiled to Siberia.
4/10/1906, Thursday (-14,096) Johannes
Post, Dutch WW2 resistance fighter, was born in Hollandscheveld, Drente,
Netherlands (died 1944)
3/10/1906. Wednesday (-14,097)
SOS was established as an international distress signal, at the Berlin
Radio Conference, replacing the earlier CDQ call sign, sometimes wrongly explained
as Come Damn Quick.
2/10/1906, Tuesday (-14,098) John
Humphreys Whitfield, British scholar of Italian language & literature, was born
in Wednesbury, England (died 1995).
1/10/1906, Monday (-14,099) The
Karawanken rail tunnel, between Austria and Yugoslavia, 8 km long, opened.
10/1906, SOS as distress signal. Pictures transmitted by telegraph.
Cezanne died. Suffragettes jailed in London.
======================================================================================
9/1906, Jews massacred in Poland.
23/9/1906, Sunday (-14,107) Charles Smirke, champion jockey, was born
(died 20/12/1993).
20/9/1906, Thursday (-14,110)
(1) The Mauretania,
Atlantic passenger liner, was launched.
(2) In China, an imperial edict ordered the end of the
use of heroin within 10 years.
19/9/1906, Wednesday (-14,111) (Medical)
Ernst Chain was born in Berlin, Germany. Along with Howard Florey (born
Adelaide, Australia, 24/9/1908) he developed, in 1940, the use of penicillin as
an antiobiotic.
17/9/1906, Monday (-14,113) Senor Pedro Montt, President-elect, took up
office in Chile.
9/9/1906. Sunday (-14,121) 100 Jews massacred in Siedlce, Poland.
=======================================================================================
8/1906, Socialist attacks on Russians in Poland. Concerns about noisy
road traffic.
30/8/1906, Thursday (-14,131)
A new express rail service linking Cork and Waterford with London via the new
ports of Rosslare and Fishguard was inaugurated.
28/8/1906, Tuesday (-14,133) John Betjeman, poet, was born (died 1984).
26/8/1906, Sunday (-14,135) Eugen Gura, German singer, died (born 1824).
24/8/1906, Friday (-14,137)
Kidney transplants were carried out on dogs, at a medical conference in
Toronto, Canada.
16/8/1906. Thursday (-14,143)
(Chile, Earthquake) Severe
earthquake killed 3,000 in Valparaiso, Chile. 100,000 were left homeless.
15/8/1906, Wednesday (-14,146) �Bloody Wednesday� in Poland.
80 people were killed in terrorist attacks by socialists against Russian
occupation of the country. Pilsudsky had visited Japan in 1904 and secured
their backing in the fight against Russia; Japan was fighting Russia in the Far
East.
13/8/1906, Monday (-14,148) Pearl Craigie, US novelist, died (born
3/11/1867).
9/8/1906,� Thursday (-14,152) The Boer War Commission reported
that corruption and incompetence in conducting the war cost Britain over �1
million.
8/8/1906 Wednesday (-14,153)
Churchill and others protested at the excessive noise made by motor
traffic.
4/8/1906, Saturday (-14.157) The Italian liner Silvio was wrecked off Spain; 200 drowned.
1/8/1906, Wednesday (-14,160)
The new Belfast City Hall was opened.
8/1906, Socialist attacks on Russians in Poland. Concerns about noisy
road traffic.
======================================================================================
7/1906, Rail speed trials ceased after crash. Dreyfus exonerated in
France. Zulu surrender in South Africa.
23/7/1906, Monday (-14,169) 1,000
Zulu rebels surrendered to British troops in South Africa.
22/7/1906, Sunday (-14,170) Captain
Dreyfus was formally reinstated in the French Army and given the Legion of
Honour.
21/7/1906, Saturday (-14,171) In
Russia, the Duma (Parliament) was dissolved and martial law set up. The Cadets
withdrew to Finland where they issued the Viborg manifesto, calling on Russians
to refuse to pay taxes.
19/7/1906, Thursday (-14,173) (South Africa)
Alfred Beit, South African financier, died.
15/7/1906, Sunday (-14,177) A Commons Commission recommended
providing school meals, and a separate Ministry for Wales.
12/7/1906, Thursday (-14,180) In France, Captain Dreyfus was
rehabilitated after being publicly disgraced 11 years earlier over spying and
treason charges.� Dreyfus had been
imprisoned on Devil�s Island.
9/7/1906, Monday (-14,183) The
Wochein rail tunnel, Yugoslavia, 6.5 km long, opened.
8/7/1906, Sunday (-14,184) Philip
Johnson, architect, was born in Cleveland, Ohio.
7/7/1906, Saturday (-14,185) Britain�s
first hot air balloon race.
6/7/1906, Friday (-14,186) Christopher
Langdell, US legal writer, died (born 22/5/1826).
4/7/1906, Wednesday (-14,188)
2/7/1906, Monday (-14,190) (Astronomy)
German physicist Hans Bethe was born in Strasbourg. In 1938 he proposed that
stellar fusion of hydrogen into helium was how the Sun produced energy.
1/7/1906, Sunday (-14,191) (1) A
train crash at Salisbury, UK, caused by excessive speed. Speed limits were now
rigorously enforced and rail speed record attempts now ceased.
(2) A loaf of
bread cost 5d (2p).� A pound of beef cost
8d (3p).� The average weekly wage was 19
shillings (95p).
======================================================================================
6/1906, Simplon rail tunnel completed. German naval expansion,
Lusitania launched. First Grand Prix race.
29/6/1906, Friday (-14,193) (USA) US
Congress passed a Bill creating the Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado.
26/6/1906, Tuesday (-14,196) The first Grand Prix took place at Le Mans. The race was over 12 laps of
a 65-mile triangular circuit at Le Mans.�
The race was won by Hungarian Ference Szisz, driving a Renault at an
average speed of 63 mph.
23/6/1906,
Saturday (-14,199) A deputation demanding votes for
women, representing 500,000 women, met the British Prime Minister.
22/6/1906,
Friday (-14,200)
US President Roosevelt sued John D Rockerfeller�s Standard Oil Company for
operating a monopoly.
21/6/1906.
Thursday (-14,201) The Russian
Parliament, the Duma, was exiled. On 23/6/1906 it called on Russians to refuse
to pay taxes.
20/6/1906,
Wednesday (-14,202)
Catherine Cookson, British writer, was born.
14/6/1906,
Thursday (-14,208)
In the UK, a Parliamentary Bill was proposed to ban women from dangerous sports
after a woman died in a parachuting accident.
10/6/1906,
Sunday (-14,212) The SOS distress signal was used for
the first time, when the Cunard liner Slavonia was wrecked off the
Azores.
7/6/1906.
Thursday (-14,215) The Lusitania, the world's biggest liner,
was launched in Glasgow.
6/6/1906,
Wednesday (-14,216) Paris Metro Line 5 was
inaugurated with a first section from Place d'Italie to the Gare d'Orleans
(today known as Gare d'Austerlitz).
5/6/1906,
Tuesday (-14,217) Germany decided to
build more battleships.
4/6/1906,
Monday (-14,218) Britain, France and Italy
guaranteed the independence of Ethiopia.
3/6/1906,
Sunday (-14,219) Walter Robins, cricketer, was born (died
12/12/1968)
2/6/1906,
Saturday (-14,220).Betty Uber, badminton champion, was born
(died 30/4/1983).
1/6/1906,
Friday (-14,221) (Railway
Tunnel) The Simplon I rail tunnel, 20.5 km long, linking Switzerland
and Italy, opened.
6/1906, Simplon rail tunnel completed. German naval expansion,
Lusitania launched. First Grand Prix race.
=======================================================================================
5/1906,
Russian Duma
first met, land redistributed to peasants, universal male suffrage in Russia.
31/5/1906,
Thursday (-14,222) Michael Davitt, dedicated
Irish Nationalist, died (born 25/3/1846).
29/5/1906,
Tuesday (-14,224)
28/5/1906.
Monday (-14,225) (Russia) The
Russian government decided to redistribute 25 million acres of land to
peasants.
27/5/1906,
Sunday (-14,226) Henry Hibbs, footballer, was born (died
23/4/1984).
26/5/1906.
Saturday (-14,227) The rebuilt Vauxhall Bridge over the
Thames was reopened.
25/5/1906, Friday (-14,228)
24/5/1906. Thursday (-14,229)
Czar Nicholas II granted universal male suffrage but refused an amnesty for
political prisoners as suggested by the Duma.
23/5/1906, Wednesday (-14,230)
Norwegian poet Henry Ibsen died.
22/5/1906, Tuesday (-14,231) The last British troops left the Dominion of
Canada.
19/5/1906, Saturday (-14,234) Joao Franco became Prime Minister of Spain,
with dictatorial powers.
16/5/1906, Wednesday (-14,237) (Namibia) Morenga
was interned by the British. He had been pursued by Germans across the frontier
into British-colonised territory and wounded, but he escaped from the Germans.
The British classerd him as a political refugee and refused German calls for
his extradition.
12/5/1906, �Saturday (-14,241) The Russian Duma and the Tsar
disputed over the release of political prisoners.
11/6/1906, Friday (-14,242)
Isvolsky became Russian Foreign Secretary.
10/5/1906. Thursday (-14,243)
The first Russian Parliament, or Duma, met in St Petersburg. There was
deadlock as the Cadet�s party opposed the Fundamental Laws.
8/5/1906, Tuesday (-14,245) The US allowed Alaska to elect a delegate
to Congress; they arrived in December.
6/5/1906,
�Sunday (-14,247) (1) British soldiers killed 60 Zulus at Durban.
(2)
Tsar Nicholas II promulgated the Fundamental Law of the Russian Empire,
reaffirming autocratic rule.
5/5/1906,
Saturday (-14,248) In Russia, Count Witte was replaced by the
more conservative Ivan Goremykin.
5/1906,
Russian Duma
first met, land redistributed to peasants, universal male suffrage in Russia.
====================================================================================
4/1906,
Large earthquake
hit San Francisco. Vesuvius erupted. Lord Haw Haw was born.
30/4/1906,
Monday (-14,253)
28/4/1906,
Saturday (-14,255) (Mathematics)
Austrian-US mathematician Kurt Godel was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia.
27/4/1906.
Friday (-14,256) China reluctantly
granted Britain control of Tibet, following the occupation of the capital Lhasa
by British troops.
24/4/1906,
Tuesday (-14,259) Nazi collaborator
William Joyce, or �Lord Haw Haw�, was born in Brooklyn, New York City.
21/4/1906,
Saturday (-14,262) The Great Fire of San Francisco,
started by the earthquake on 18/4/1906, ended.
20/4/1906,
Friday (-14,263) An Australian wombat, the
oldest known marsupial, died in London Zoo aged 26.
19/4/1906,
Thursday (-14,264) Pierre Curie, French
scientist who discovered Radium, was run over and killed in Paris.
18/4/1906.
Wednesday (-14,265) (Earthquake,
USA) Major earthquake hit San Francisco. Over 1,000 people were killed and large fires
threatened upmarket homes on Nob Hill, after the water mains were destroyed in
the quake. Overall, 3,000 acres of the city were devastated. The fire did more
damage than the quake, it took 3 days to bring the blaze under control and 490
blocks were destroyed.
17/4/1906.
Tuesday (-14,266) The British Labour
Party called for universal female suffrage.
15/4/1906,
Sunday (-14,268) Easter Sunday.
13/4/1906,
Friday (-14,270) Samuel Beckett, Irish
playwright, was born.
11/4/1906,
Wednesday (-14,272) (Japan)
Having occupied Taiwan since the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, Japan now appointed
military commander Sakuma Samata to �control and pacify� the island�s indigenous
population. Tribal land was confiscated and entire villages forcibly relocated;
resistance was countered by collective punishment. Villages were bombed and hit
with nerve gas, And concentration camps set up behind electrified fences.
9/4/1906,
Monday (-14,274) The Labour leader Hugh
Gaitskell was born in London.
8/4/1906,
Sunday (-14,275) D Auguste, the first recorded Alzheimer's
victim, died (born 1850).
7/4/1906.
Saturday (-14,276) (1) The
Conference of Algecieras ended.
(2)
Mount Vesuvius erupted, destroying the town of Ottaiano. Hundreds died. Over
105 were killed when the church of San Guiseppe collapsed in Naples.� The weight of ash killed many more as roofs
collapsed.
6/4/1906,
Friday (-14,277) Poet Laureate, John Betjeman, was born in London.
5/4/1906,
Thursday (-14,278) Kaiser Wilhelm II of
Germany dismissed Count Friedrich Holstein, a key advisor in the Foreign
Department, ending fears of a German war with France over Morocco.
4/4/1906,
Wednesday (-14,279) Elections were held for
the first Duma (Parliament) in Russia.
4/1906,
Large earthquake
hit San Francisco. Vesuvius erupted. Lord Haw Haw was born.
=======================================================================================
3/1906,
Tsarist powers
curbed; Russian miners rebelled. British Empire growing. Adolf Eichmann born.
23/3/1906,
Friday (-14,291) Thomas Harris, US poet and preacher, died.
20/3/1906.
Tuesday (-14,294) Russian army officers
were killed by soldiers in a mutiny at Sevastopol, Crimea.
19/3/1906,
Monday (-14,295) Adolf Eichmann, German Nazi
responsible for the execution of millions of European Jews during World War II,
was born in Solingen.
18/3/1906, Sunday (-14,296)
16/3/1906, �Friday (-14,298) Japanese railways were
nationalised.
15/3/1906, Thursday
(-14,299) Alfred Jones, Canadian politician, died (born 9/1824).
14/3/1906.
Wednesday (-14,300) The British
Parliament accepted the principle of old age pensions.
13/3/1906,
Tuesday (-14,301) Susan B Anthony,
American pioneer of women�s suffrage, died aged 86.
11/3/1906,
Sunday (-14,303) 1,200 miners died in a pit explosion
in northern France.
9/3/1906,
Friday (-14,305) David Smith, sculptor, was
born (died 1965).
8/3/1906.
Thursday (-14,306) The British
government stated that the British Empire covered 11.5 million square miles, one
fifth of the world�s land area, and had a population of 400 million, a quarter
of the world total. The Empire had grown by a third in the last 25 years.
7/3/1906.
Wednesday (-14,307) Finland extended
suffrage to all tax paying men and women aged over 24.
6/3/1906,
Tuesday (-14,308) An avalanche at Roger�s Pass
in the US buried a train. By the time the train was dug out, 62 people had
died.
2/3/1906,
Friday (-14,312) Tsar Nicholas II ceded
some power to the Russian Parliament.
3/1906,
Tsarist powers
curbed; Russian miners rebelled. British Empire growing. Adolf Eichmann born.
=======================================================================================
2/1906,
Kellogg�s cereal
company founded. Dreadnought launched. Pu-Yi, last Chinese Emperor, was born.
27/2/1906, Tuesday (-14,315) Samuel Langley, aviation
pioneer, died (born 22/8/1834).
19/2/1906.
Monday (-14,323) The American, William Kellogg,
formed the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company of Michigan to market to the
public the breakfast cereal he had invented as a health food for mental
patients 30 years earlier with his
brother John Kellogg. John, a Seventh Day Adventist, had claimed the new food
would curb the sex drive but the latest adverts failed to mention that.
18/2/1906, Sunday
(-14,324) Britain launched its first Dreadnought battleship. They were a
key part of UK naval strategy in World War One; they were named after a naval
ship of Francis Drake�s time.
16/2/1906,
Friday (-14,326) Vera Menchick, chess
champion, was born (died 26/6/1944).
14/2/1906, Wednesday (-14,328)
54 were arrested as suffragettes fought police outside the British Parliament.
12/2/1906, Monday (-14,330) Earthquake in Taiwan, 1,228 killed.
10/2/1906,
Saturday (-14,332)
Britain launched the revolutionary new battleship Dreadnought.� She made every other warship obsolete,
outgunning and outranging them all. Her new steam turbine propulsion made her much faster
than older ships. This marked the start
of a keen naval arms race between Britain and Germany. Germany now
realised that the latest class of battleships were too big to pass through the
Kiel Canal. The Russo-Japanese War
demonstrated the need for such battleship innovation, as naval battles were now
fought at long range, using torpedoes, and torpedo boats therefore had to be
destroyed at a distance with accurate long-range artillery.
9/2/1906,
Friday (-14,333) Paul Laurence Dunbar, poet
and novelist (born 27/6/1872 in Dayton, Ohio) died of tuberculosis. Son of a
former slave, his poetry did much to describe the everyday lives of Black Americans.
8/2/1906,
Thursday (-14,334) Birth of Chester Carlson,
who invented the photocopier.
7/2/1906.
Wednesday (-14,335) Pu Yi, last Emperor of China, was born in
Beijing.
5/2/1906, Monday (-14,337)
4/2/1906,
Sunday (-14,338)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian who was part of the group who tried to
assassinate Adolf Hitler, was born.
3/2/1906.
Saturday (-14,339) Japan decided to double the size of
its navy by 1908.
2/2/1906.
Friday (-14,340) 530 injured in Paris
in dispute over Church property.
1/2/1906,
Thursday (-14,341) The Government
dropped plans for a fast motor road between London and Brighton.
2/1906,
Kellogg�s cereal
company founded. Dreadnought launched. Pu-Yi, last Chinese Emperor, was born.
====================================================================================
1/1906,
Von Moltke head
of German military. Move to Left in UK elections.
31/1/1906,
Wednesday (-14,342) (Earthquake)
Magnitude 8.9 earthquake hit the Colombia and Ecuador coasts.
29/1/1906, Monday (-14,344) Christian IX of Denmark died, aged 87. He
was succeeded by his son, Frederick VIII, aged 62, who ruled until 1912.
27/1/1906.
Saturday (-14,346) The River Thames caught fire as oil
on the surface ignited.
22/1/1906,
Monday (-14,351) George Holyoake, English
writer, died (born 13/4/1817).
17/1/1906,
Wednesday (-14,356) In France, Clement
Fallieres was elected president, through the influence of Georges Clemenceau.
16/1/1906.
Tuesday (-14,357) The Algecieras
Conference � see 28/8/1904.
15/1/1906,
Monday (-14,358) Aristotle Onassis,
Greek shipping tycoon, was born in Smyrna, Turkey.
14/1/1906,
Sunday (-14,359) Nelson Tarleton, boxer, was born (died
12/1/1956)
13/1/1906,
Saturday (-14,360) (Technology)
Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist, died in St Petersburg.
12/1/1906,
Friday (-14,361) The Liberals won a landslide
victory in the British general elections. Labour under Keir Hardie also made
gains. The Liberals had 399 seats, up from 184 in the 1900 election. The
Conservatives retained 156 seats, down from 402. Labour gained 29 seats; a
secret Liberal-Labour pact gave the Labour candidate a free run against the
Tories in key constituencies. Labour�s share of the vote was just 4.8%, but
this was treble their 1900 share. In December 1905 the new Liberal Government
got the Trades Disputes Bill passed by the (Conservative-dominated) House of
Lords, reversing the House of Lords ruling
in the Taff Vale case (1901), which had meant trades unions were liable for
losses to the employer caused by strikes.
9/1/1906,
Tuesday (-14,364)
3/1/1906,
Wednesday (-14,370) (Astronomy)
William Wilson Morgan was born in Bethesda, Tennessee, USA. He first
demonstrated that the Milky Way galaxy has a spiral structure, like M31.
2/1/1906.
Tuesday (-14,371) (1) New
French Darraq racing car set a speed record of 108 mph.
(2)
The Sultan of Brunei agreed to hand over administration of Brunei to the
British.
1/1/1906,
Monday (-14,372) (1)
General Von Moltke was made head of the German armed forces.
(2)
In Britain the Lunacy Commission reported that on this date 121,979 persons were
certified as insane.
1/1906,
Von Moltke head
of German military. Move to Left in UK elections.
=====================================================================================
12/1905,
Plot to kill
Russian Tsar uncovered. Amundsen completed exploration of Arctic. Motor
ambulance service started in London. Australia passed the Aborigines Act. First
beauty contest in Britain.
30/12/1905, Saturday (-14,374) A revolt in Moscow was brutally
suppressed.
24/12/1905.
Sunday (-14,380) The US industrialist Howard Hughes was born.
23/12/1905,
Saturday (-14,381) (1) (Australia)
Australia passed the Aborigines Act. It provided for the removal of indigenous
Australian children aged under 6, and their �integration� into White society
through education and work placements � usually menial labour, in practice.
(2) The
final of the earliest known beauty contest in Britain was held at Newcastle on
Tyne.
21/12/1905,
Thursday (-14,383)
20/12/1905,
Wednesday (-14,384) Henry Harland, US author,
died (born 3/1861 in St Petersburg).
19/12/1905.
Tuesday (-14,385) London County Council
set up a motorised ambulance service for traffic accident victims.
16/12/1905, Saturday (-14,388)
The first civilian motor ambulance was delivered to the South West Ambulance
Station of the Metropolitan Asylums Board. Built to order by James and Browne
of 395 Oxford Street London for �465, it was used to transport scarlet fever
patients from their homes to isolation hospitals, from 11/2/1906.
14/12/1905, Thursday (-14,390) UK Trade Unions called for universal suffrage, an eight hour
working day, and old age pensions.
12/12/1905, Tuesday (-14,392) Francois Meurice, French
dramatist, died (born 7/2/1818).
11/12/1905, Monday (-14,393) (USA) Edward Atkinson, US economist, died in Boston (born 10/2/1827 in Brookline,
Massachusetts).
10/12/1905, Sunday (-14,394) (Women�s Rights)
Austrian pacifist and writer Bertha von Suttner became the first woman to be
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
9/12/1905, Saturday (-14,395)
In France, the Church and State were legally separated.
8/12/1905, Friday (-14,396) Charles Cushing, American composer, was born
in Oakland, California (died 1982)
7/12/1905.
Thursday (-14,397) Russian
revolutionaries occupied the fortress at Kiev, Ukraine.
6/12/1905, Wednesday (-14,398)
Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen landed at Fort Egbert, Alaska, after a 2 �
year exploration of America�s arctic coast.
5/12/1905.
Tuesday (-14,399) The roof of Charing
Cross Station collapsed, killing six people.
4/12/1905, Monday (-14,400) British Prime Minister Arthur Balfour
resigned.
3/12/1905,
Sunday (-14,401) British troops quelled a riot at Georgetown,
British Guyana.
2/12/1905, Saturday (-14,402) Osvaldo
Pugliese, Argentine composer, was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina (died 1995)
1/12/1905, Friday (-14,403)
20 Russian army officers and 230 guards were arrested at St Petersburg after a
plot to kill the Tsar was uncovered.
12/1905,
Plot to kill
Russian Tsar uncovered. Amundsen completed exploration of Arctic. Motor
ambulance service started in London. Australia passed the Aborigines Act. First
beauty contest in Britain.
======================================================================================
11/1905,
Namibia
rebellion against Germans. Jews persecuted in Russia, which imposed martial law
in Poland.
30/11/1905, Thursday (-14,404) (Aviation)
The Aero Club of America was formed in New York City.
29/11/1905, Wednesday (-14,405) Marcel Lefebvre, French Roman Catholic Bishop,
was born (died 1991)
28/11/1905.
Tuesday (-14,406) (1)
Austria gained universal suffrage.
(2) Sinn
Fein was founded in Dublin by Arthur Griffith.
23/11/1905,
Thursday (-14,411) (Medical) Sir
John Burdon-Sanderson, physiologist, died (born 21/12/1828).
19/11/1905,
Sunday (-14,415)
The British steamer Hilda was wrecked off St Malo killing 128.
18/11/1905.
Saturday (-14,416) Prince Carl of Denmark was chosen to
be King Haakon VII of Norway.
16/11/1905, Thursday (-14,418)
14/11/1905,
Tuesday (-14,420) Robert Whitehead, who
invented the naval torpedo in 1866, died in Berkshire.
13/11/1905, Monday
(-14,421) Clarence Hearn, Australian footballer, was born (died 1/4/1981).
12/11/1905,
Sunday (-14,422) (1) Russia imposed martial law in Poland
(2) In the UK, Queen
Alexandra launched an appeal for the unemployed.
10/11/1905, Friday (-14,424)
8/11/1905.
Wednesday (-14,426) In Odessa, Russia,
1,000 Jews were killed when a mob of 50,000 went on the rampage stabbing Jewish
men, women, and children.
7/11/1905,
Tuesday (-14,427) (Finland)
Russia gave in to the Finnish General Strike, and restored conditions to as
pre-1899.
5/11/1905,
Sunday (-14,429)
3/11/1905,
Friday (-14,431) (Namibia)
In Namibia, Hendrik Witboi, Chief of the Hottentots, who had actually helped
Germany suppress the Bondelzwart rebellion (10/1903) but who subsequently fell
out with the German administrators, died aged 75. His son and successor, Samuel
Isaac, now surrendered to the Germans. However a rebel Hottentot faction then
emerged under Morenga, who continued guerrilla warfare against the colonisers.
2/11/1902,
Thursday (-14,432) (Medical)
Rudolf Albert von Kolliker, Swiss anatomist and physiologist, died in Wurzburg,
Bavaria.
1/11/1905.
Wednesday (-14,433) Police closed
George Bernard Shaw�s play, Mrs Warren�s Profession, because of its portrayal
of prostitution.
11/1905,
Namibia
rebellion against Germans. Jews persecuted in Russia, which imposed martial law
in Poland.
=====================================================================================
10/1905,
UK women
agitating for vote. Strikes and disorder spread across Russia. Norway and
Sweden separated. Aspirin went on sale in the UK.
30/10/1905.
Monday (-14,435) (1) Aspirin went on sale in the UK for the first
time.
(2) (Russia) Czar
Nicholas II of Russia, on advice from Sergei Yulevitch Witte, issued a decree
to turn his country from an absolute aristocracy into a semi-constitutional
monarchy in an attempt to quell growing popular unrest, issuing the October
Manifesto. However by the end of 1906 Czar Nicholas, with the opposition divided
as to the acceptability of his reforms, was able to resume autocratic rule
again.
28/10/1905, Saturday
(-14,437) Michael Dragomirov, Russian military writer, died (born 8/11/1830).
26/10/1905.
Thursday (-14,439) (Scandinavia)
Norway and Sweden ended their union. King Oscar II of Sweden formally
abdicated the crown of Norway.
25/10/1905,
Wednesday (-14,440) (1) (Russia) The
first meeting of the Soviet (Council) of Workers Deputies met in St Petersburg.
There was widespread disorder across Russia, with a train strike preventing the
British Ambassador leaving St Petersburg.
(2) (Britain) Lord
Roseberry called for a future Liberal Government to challenge the power of the
House of Lords.
24/10/1905,
Tuesday (-14,441)
23/10/1905,
Monday (-14,442) (Science)
Swiss-US physicist Felix Bloch was born in Zurich, In 1927 he proved that some
electrons could travel through a crystal array without being scattered.
22/10/1905,
Sunday (-14,443) (Astronomy)
Karl Jansky was born in Norman, Oklahoma. In 1931 his experiments with an
improvised radio aerial led to the birth of radio astronomy. Some radio
emissions were found to be coming from the Milky Way.
21/10/1905,
Saturday (-14,444) (1) (Russia) A
railway strike began in Russia, which became nation-wide by 25/10/1905. By the
end of October this had become a general strike across Russia.
(2)
(Rail Travel)
A 110 km line of gauge 0.75 metres opened from Famagusta (Cyprus) via Nicosia
to Morphou. It closed on 31/12/1951.
18/10/1905,
Wednesday (-14,447)
(Road traffic)
Kingsway and Aldwych, London, opened.
14/10/1905.
Saturday (-14,451) The suffragettes Emmeline Pankhurst
and Annie Kenney opted to go to prison for seven days rather than pay a fine
for assaulting a policeman. The assault was at a political meeting at the Free
Trade Hall in Manchester, where a leading Liberal politician, Sir Edward Grey,
was making a speech.
13/10/1905,
Friday (-14,452) Sir Henry Irving, the first
British actor to receive a knighthood, gave his final performance in Bradford,
Yorkshire, before collapsing and dying in the arms of his dresser at the
Midland Hotel.
5/10/1905. Thursday (-14,460) (Aviation) Orville
Wright became the first man to fly an aircraft for 38 minutes. He flew in a
24.5 mile circular course at Dayton, Ohio.
3/10/1905, Tuesday (-14,462) Jose Heredia, French poet, died (born
22/11/1842).
10/1905,
UK women
agitating for vote. Strikes and disorder spread across Russia. Norway and
Sweden separated. Aspirin went on sale in the UK.
======================================================================================
9/1905,
Russo-Japanese
war ended; Japan acquired Sakhalin. Einstein published his Special Theory of
Relativity.
28/9/1905,
Thursday (-14,467) (Atomic)
Albert Einstein published what is now known as his Special Theory of
Relativity. This argued that light travelled at a constant speed for all
observers regardless of position or motion, that e = mc2, and that time slowed
down as one approached lightspeed.
25/9/1905,
Monday (-14,470) Jacques Cavaignac, French
politician, died (born 21/5/1853).
19/9/1905,
Tuesday (-14,476) (1)
Britain and Germany held simultaneous war manoeuvres.
(2)
(Children)
Doctor Thomas Barnardo, who set
up over 112 homes for deprived children from 1867, died aged 60 at Surbiton, SW London.
18/9/1905.
Monday (-14,477) Greta Garbo, the
Swedish shop-girl who became a famous film star, was born.
16/9/1905,
Saturday (-14,479)
15/9/1905, Friday (-14,480) Patrick O�Callaghan, athlete (hammer
throwing) was born (died 1/12/1991).
14/9/1906, Thursday (-14,481) George McVeagh, Irish hockey, tennis,
cricket and squash player, was born (died 5/6/1968)
13/9/1905, Wednesday (-14,482) Rene Goblet, French politician, died
(born 26/11/1828).
12/9/1905, Tuesday (-14,483) Boris Arapov, Russian composer, was born
in St. Petersburg, Russia (died 1992)
11/9/1905,
Monday (-14,484) Figures were released
showing rural lunacy on the rise; this was attributed to the tedium of living
in the countryside.
10/9/1905, Sunday (-14,485) Pete Browning, American baseball player, died
aged 44.
9/9/1905.
Saturday (-14,486) (Earthquake)
Severe earthquake killed thousands in Calabria, Italy.
8/9/1905, Friday (-14,487)
In Britain, 1,997,000 people now belonged to Trades Unions.
7/9/1905, Thursday (-14,488) John
Whitley, British air-marshal was born (died 1997)
6/9/1905, Wednesday (-14,489) Karl Heigel, German novelist, died (born
25/3/1835).
5/9/1905.
Tuesday (-14,490) (1) The Treaty of Portsmouth (New Hampshire)
was signed, ending the Russo-Japanese war. Japan acquired south Sakhalin
from Russia, also the Russian leasehold territories in South Manchuria. Russia also recognised Japanese dominance
in Korea, which led to Japan formally annexing Korea as a colony in 1910.
Russia refused to pay any indemnities, sparking angry demonstrations in Tokyo.
This Treaty marked the start of Japanese expansion into China, which aroused
unease in Washington.
(2)
Hundreds died in clashes between Armenians and Tartars.
4/9/1905, Monday (-14,491)) (Africa)
Pierre Paul Brazza, French explorer of Africa and founder of the French Congo
(Brazzaville), died (born 26/1/1852).
3/9/1905, Sunday (-14,492) (Atomic)
Physicist Carl David Anderson was born in New York City, USA. In 1932 he
discovered the positron, a positively-charged antimatter version of the
electron. This proved correct the 1928
prediction of Paul Dirac (1902-1984), that negative-energy particles
corresponding to our positive energy ones should exist.
2/9/1905.
Saturday (-14,493) Russia suffered its worst famine
since 1891.
1/9/1905,
Friday (-14,494)
9/1905,
Russo-Japanese
war ended; Japan acquired Sakhalin. Einstein published his Special Theory of
Relativity.
=======================================================================================
8/1905,
Russia-Japan
peace terms. Battleship Potemkin mutineers sentenced. Booth Salvation Army
crusade
30/8/1905,
Wednesday (-14,496) (Canada)
Alberta was constituted a province of Canada, created out of part of the North
West Territories.
29/8/1905.
Tuesday (-14,497) Russia and Japan
agreed peace. An armistice was arranged for 31/8/1905. A peace treaty was
signed between Russia and Japan on 5/9/1905 at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA.
25/8/1905,
Friday (-14,501)
The mutineers from the battleship Potemkin
were sentenced. Eight were condemned to death. Heavy taxation, Russia�s defeat
by Japan, and the Czar�s opposition to constitutional government were causing
resentment.
22/8/1905, Tuesday (-14,504) David Monro, English
classical writer, died (born 16/11/1836).
13/8/1905,
Sunday (-14,513) A referendum in Norway found 80%
agreed with the separation from Sweden.
12/8/1905,
Saturday (-14,514)
Under Russian direction a pogrom of Jews occurred in Bialystock, Poland; 38
were killed and over 200 wounded.
11/8/1905,
Friday (-14,515) (Biology)
Austrian-American biochemist Erwin Chargaff was born in Czernowitz. He
demonstrated in the 1940s that for DNA the number of adenine and thymine bases,
and the number of cytosine and guanine bases, were equal. This was an important
clue to the structure of DNA.
8/8/1905,
Tuesday (-14,518) (Women�s Rights) The
Magazine Good House Keeping reported
that three out of every four wives had to beg their husbands for more money;
the Daily Mail, progressively, asked
men to consider how they would feel in this situation.
1/8/1905,
Tuesday (-14,525)
The founder of the Salvation Army, General William Booth, began a 2,000 mile
crusade round Britain.
8/1905,
Russia-Japan
peace terms. Battleship Potemkin mutineers sentenced. Booth Salvation Army
crusade
=======================================================================================
7/1905,
Einstein�s
Theory of Relativity. Potemkin crew
surrendered to Romania. First railway in Togo opened, Sakhalin surrendered to
Japan. Abortive Russo-German defence treaty.
31/7/1905.
Monday (-14,526) The Russian governor
of Sakhalin Island surrendered to the Japanese.
29/7/1905,
Saturday (-14,528) Dag Hammarskjold, Swedish
Secretary-General of the United Nations, was born in Jonkoping.
24/7/1905,
Monday (-14,533)
(Germany,
Russia)
Kaiser William II of Germany and Czar Nicholas II of Russia signed the Treaty
of Bjorko at a meeting in Finland. This proposed a mutual defence pact between
the two countries if either was attacked by another European power. However the
Russian Foreign Office opposed the Treaty because it threatened Russia�s
relationship with France, upon whom Russia was dependent for aid. The German
Chancellor, Von Bulow also opposed the Treaty, and Franco-German tension over
the Morocco crisis left the Treaty dead in the water.
22/7/1905, Saturday (-14,535) Ralph Lingen, British civil
servant, died.
18/7/1905,
Tuesday (-14,539) (Railways)
The first railway in Togo opened; from Lome 45 km to Anecho.
16/7/1905.
Sunday (-14,541) Commander Peary of the USA set out on
his second expedition to the North Pole.
12/7/1905,
Wednesday (-14,545) (Britain)
In Britain, the Princess of Wales gave birth to a son, Prince John.
11/7/1905,
Tuesday (-14,546)
124 miners died in a pit disaster in Glamorgan, south Wales.
10/7/1905,
Monday (-14,547) A UK Parliamentary
reshuffle meant 22 fewer Irish MPs.
9/7/1905,
Sunday (-14,548) (London)
Large Labour demonstration in Hyde Park, London.
8/7/1905.
Saturday (-14,549)
The crew of the battleship Potemkin surrendered to
the Romanians after a mutiny. Romania refused to extradite them back to Russia
because it said the mutiny was a political act. The mutiny began as the
battleship was watching the rioters in the city of Odessa. A sailor complained
about bad food and was shot. The crew mutinied, on 27/6/1905, and threw the
captain and several officers overboard; the remaining 8 officers joined the
mutiny. A steamer laden with coal was seized and the coal transferred to the
Potemkin.
3/7/1905. Monday (-14,554) Russian troops killed more than
6,000 people in Odessa to restore order after a general strike.
1/7/1905,
Saturday (-14,556) (1) The
Colonial Office considered a plan to relocate Britain�s �surplus population� in
various parts of the Empire.
(2)
Albert Einstein propounded the Theory of Relativity.
7/1905,
Einstein�s
Theory of Relativity. Potemkin crew
surrendered to Romania. First railway in Togo opened, Sakhalin surrendered to
Japan. Abortive Russo-German defence treaty.
=====================================================================================
6/1906,
Norway
independent from Sweden. AA founded in London. Strikers fired upon in Russia
and Poland.
29/6/1905. Thursday (-14,558) The inaugural meeting of the
Automobile Association took place at the Trocadero Restaurant in London,
attended by 50 motorists.
27/6/1905, Tuesday (-14,560) Mutiny on the Russian battleship Potemkin,
see 8/7/1905.
23/6/1905, Friday (-14,564) Tsar Nicholas II broke his promise
regarding an elected assembly.
21/6/1905, Wednesday (-14,566) Jean Paul-Sartre, French
dramatist and novelist, was born in Paris.
19/6/1905.
Monday (-14,568) The world�s first all
motion picture cinema opened in Pittsburgh. For 10 cents admission there was a
film, Poor But Honest, followed by The Baffled Burglar, accompanied by a
melody on the� harp by Madame Durocher.
18/6/1905,
Sunday (-14,569) A
group of striking textile workers from Lodz, Poland, were fired upon by
Cossacks and soldiers, killing five. This led to several days of rioting, in
which (official figures) 151 were killed, including 55 Poles, 79 Jews and 17
Germans. The Polish middle classes feared more unrest and over the next year
some 33,000 applied for passports to emigrate from Poland.
13/6/1905,
Tuesday (-14,574) (Greece)
Theodoros Delyanni, Greek statesman, born 1826, was murdered in revenge for the
strict measure shad had taken against gambling houses.
7/6/1905.
Wednesday (-14,580) Norway declared independence from Sweden (see 4/11/1814).� Since the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Norway
had been a self-governing subject of the Swedish Crown. In 1905 the provincial
parliament voted to cut off relations with Sweden, and a plebiscite backed the move
by 386,208 to 184 votes. In 1397 Margaret I succeeded in uniting Denmark,
Norway and Sweden. In 1527 Gustav I cancelled that union, and Norway was ruled
by Denmark until 1814, when it was ceded to Sweden under the Treaty of Kiel.
Calls for Norwegian independence grew, especially after the adoption of
universal suffrage in 1898.
6/6/1905,
Tuesday (-14,581) Theophile Delcasse, French
Foreign Minister since 1898, resigned under pressure from Germany.
4/6/1905,
Sunday (-14,583)
3/6/1905.
Saturday (-14,584) Cossacks charged at rioting crowds
in St Petersburg.
2/6/1905,
Friday (-14,585) (Road
travel) The Royal Mail horse drawn parcel post coach from London to
Brighton was replaced by a faster motor coach service.
6/1906,
Norway
independent from Sweden. AA founded in London. Strikers fired upon in Russia
and Poland.
====================================================================================
5/1905,
Russian fleet
annihilated by Japanese. Anti-Semitic riots in Warsaw.
27/5/1905.
Saturday (-14,591)
The Russian fleet was annihilated by the Japanese at the Battle of Tsushima. Tsar Nicholas II had sent a
fleet of 38 ships on an 18-month voyage from the Baltic to the Far East,
including 7 battleships and 6 cruisers. This was met in the Tsushima Straits by
Admiral Togo who commanded a fleet of similar size. Battle began on the
afternoon of the 27 May and recommenced at dawn on the 28th. All but
3 of the 38 Russian ships were sunk or captured; Japanese losses were just 3
torpedo boats. The Russian fleet was too late to save Port Arthur in any case,
which had surrendered to Japan on 2/1/1905. Along with the humiliating defeat
at Mukden (10/3/1905) the Tsar now had to accept a humiliating treaty allowing
extensive Japanese territorial gains in northern China. The rest of the world now had to accept Japan as a major power,
although until 1854 Japan had been a feudal state closed to the rest of the
world.
25/5/1905,
Thursday (-14,593) Europe�s first
flight by a heavier-than-air machine.
24/5/1905,
Wednesday (-14,594) Anti-Semitic riots
in Warsaw, many Jews killed.
23/5/1906,
Tuesday (-14,595) Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian
poet, died (born 20/3/1828).
18/5/1905,
Thursday (-14,600) Hedley Verity, cricketer,
was born (died 31/7/1943).
16/5/1905,
Tuesday (-14,602) Bob Hope, US comedian, was
born.
12/5/1905,
Friday (-14,606) A Bill to give British
women the right to vote failed; it was talked out of time. Under Parliamentary
rules, a Bill is lost if MPs are still debating it when the House is due to
adjourn.
1/5/1905,
Monday (-14,617) In talks lasting until the 5th
May, Paul Rouvier, French Prime Minister, failed to settle the Moroccan
Question with Germany.
======================================================================================
4/1905,
30/4/1905,
Sunday (-14,618) (Russia) Tsar
Nicholas II guaranteed freedom of conscience and freedom of worship in Russia.
29/4/1905,
Saturday (-14,619)
Rudolf Schwartz, Viennese conductor who survived the Nazi concentration camps
to become conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra, was born.
28/4/1905, Friday
(-14,620) Fitzhugh Lee, US cavalry General, died (born 19/11/1835).
26/4/1905,
Wednesday (-14,622)
24/4/1905,
Monday (-14,624) (Crime,
Punishment) China �de-barbarised� its death penalty procedure. By
Imperial Edict, the body was no longer cut up and the head exhibited for public
view.
23/4/1905,
Sunday (-14,625) Easter Sunday.
20/4/1905,
Wednesday (-14,628) The pillory was abolished
in the US State of Delaware.
9/4/1905,
Sunday (-14,639) A judge decided the public had no
right of way to Stonehenge.
4/4/1905,
Tuesday (-14,644) An earthquake in
Lahore, India, killed over 10,000 people.
3/4/1905,
Monday (-14,645) Joseph Jefferson, US actor,
died (born 20/2/1829).
2/4/1905,
Sunday (-14,646) The Simplon Railway Tunnel officially
opened.
1/4/1905,
Saturday (-14,647) (Africa)
The Victoria Falls Bridge (Zimbabwe � Zambia) was completed.
=====================================================================================
3/1905,
Russians
defeated by Japanese at Mukden, Russia compensated UK for Dogger bank incident.
UK increased army budget. Chelsea Football Club, London, founded. German attempt to
humiliate France in Morocco backfired.
31/3/1905,
Friday (-14,648)
(Britain,
France-Germany,
Morocco)
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany arrived in Tangier, Morocco, to give a speech in
favour of Moroccan independence. This
was intended to humiliate France, who saw Morocco as their own protectorate,
and to test the closeness of the Franco-British entente. Germany intended
to subsequently �grant France limited control in Morocco�, a move supposed to
bring France closer to Germany and away from Britain. However Germany was surprised by the forcefulness with which British
Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey backed France; Germany was further isolated
from France, Britain and hence Russia too. This event paved the way for the
Agadir crisis of 1911.
30/3/1905,
Thursday (-14,649) President Roosevelt
was asked to mediate in the Far East war between Japan and Russia.
27/3/1905,
Monday (-14,652)
26/3/1906,
Sunday (-14,653) William Nevett, horse racing champion, was
born (died 9/5/1992).
25/3/1905,
Saturday (-14,654) Robert Howland, athletics (shot put), was
born (died 7/3/1986).
24/3/1905, Friday (-14,655) Jules Verne, French
science fiction writer, died in Amiens aged 77.
23/5/1905, Thursday
(-14,656) Mary Livermore, US social campaigner and writer, died (born
19/12/1821).
20/3/1905,
Monday (-14,659)
17/3/1905,
Friday (-14,662) Joseph Hawley, US politician,
died (born 31/10/1826).
16/3/1905,
Thursday (-14,663) Elisabeth Flickenschildt,
German actress, was born in Hamburg, Germany (died 1977)
15/3/1905,
Wednesday (-14,664)
Fierce storms in Cornwall killed 23 as winds reached 100 mph.
14/3/1905, Tuesday (-14,665) (Football)
Chelsea football club, London, was founded.
12/3/1905,
Sunday (-14,667)
10/3/1905,
Friday (-14,669) The Japanese defeated the 200,000 strong Russian
army at Mukden.
9/3/1905,
Thursday (-14,670)
Russia agreed to pay �65,000 compensation for the Dogger Bank incident of
1904.
7/3/1905, Tuesday (-14,672) Auguste Lambermont, Belgian
statesman, died (born 25/3/1819).
3/3/1905,
Friday (-14,676) Czar Nicholas II
agreed to form a Consultative Assembly.
2/3/1905,
Thursday (-14,677) (Britain)
Dr Gore was installed as the first Bishop of Birmingham.
1/3/1905,
Wednesday (-14,678) Britain announced
that spending on the navy was to increase by 350%.
3/1905,
Russians
defeated by Japanese at Mukden, Russia compensated UK for Dogger bank incident.
UK increased army budget. Chelsea Football Club, London, founded. German attempt to
humiliate France in Morocco backfired.
=======================================================================================
2/1905,
Japanese
besieged Vladivostok.
28/2/1905,
Tuesday (-14,679) George Boutwell, US
statesman, died in Groton, Massachusetts (born in Brookline, Massachusetts
28/1/1818).
23/2/1905,
Thursday (-14,684) The Rotary Club was
founded by Paul Harris and others, in offices in Dearborn, Chicago.
19/2/1905,
Sunday (-14,688)
The Japanese began fighting the Russians for control of Mukden.
18/2/1905,
Saturday (-14,689) Jay Cooke, US financier, died (born
10/8/1821).
17/2/1905,
Friday (-14,690) (1)
A typhus outbreak occurred in
London�s East End.
(2) Grand Duke
Sergei was killed in Moscow by an assassin�s bullet.
15/2/1905,
Wednesday (-14,692) Harold Arlen, musician,
was born in New York.
13/2/1905,
Monday (-14,694) The Japanese laid siege to Vladivostock.
11/2/1905,
Saturday (-14,696) 11 Frenchmen landed in Crystal
Palace from a hot air balloon after crossing the Channel.
10/2/1905.
Friday (-14,697) The state of Wisconsin
passed a tax on bachelors aged over 30.
9/2/1905,
Thursday (-14,698)
In Britain, the Board of Education called for greater thrift amongst
schoolchildren.
7/2/1905,
Tuesday (-14,700)
2/2/1905,
Thursday (-14,705) The Russian writer
Maxim Gorky was released from prison.
1/2/1905,
Wednesday (-14,706)
The General Strike that began in Warsaw (27/1/1905) now spread to Czestochowa
and the Dabrowa Basin.
2/1905,
Japanese
besieged Vladivostok.
======================================================================================
1/1905,
Trans-Siberian
Railway opened. Bloody Sunday in St Petersburg. Warsaw workers uprising.
31/1/1905,
Tuesday (-14,707)
27/1/1905,
Friday (-14,711)
A General Strike began in Warsaw in support of socialism and workers� rights.
The army was brought in to suppress the strike and 29 companies of infantry
along with 5 squadrons of cavalry and 4 Cossack companies killed (official
figures) 64 strikers, a further 29 dying of their wounds later. In fact some
200 were killed and 270 wounded.
26/1/1905.
Thursday (-14,712) The world�s largest
diamond was found at the Premier Mines in Pretoria, South Africa, by Captain
Wells. The Cullinan Diamond
weighed over one and a quarter pounds.
25/1/1905,
Wednesday (-14,713)
Czar Nicholas II promised reforms.
24/1/1905,
Tuesday (-14,714)
22/1/1905. Sunday (-14,716)
Bloody Sunday in St Petersburg when 140,000 striking
workers were fired on and 105 killed as they marched on the Winter Palace to
protest peacefully at Tsar Nicholas II�s regime. The workers movement had begun
on 16/1/1905 as a local strike but soon grew to encompass over 100,000 workers.
They planned to present to the Tsar a petition calling for universal suffrage,
equality for all classes, an 8-hour day, civil liberties and release of
political prisoners. The workers were led by priest Georgi Gapon. Workers in St
Petersburg elected a �Soviet� (�Council� in Russia), to debate matters such as
pay and working conditions. This event
sparked the Russian Revolution.
21/1/1905,
Saturday (-14,717) Christian Dior, French designer, was
born in Granville.
20/1/1905,
�Friday (-14,718) Herbert Bowden, British
politician, was born.
19/1/1905.
Thursday (-14,719) 75,000 Russian
workers went on strike amid growing civil disturbances, and anti-monarchist
sentiments, fuelled by defeats by Japan.
17/1/1905,
Tuesday (-14,721)
16/1/1905,
Monday (-14,722)
In Russia the Putilov Works was hit by a strike in support of four workers who
had been dismissed. See 22/1/1905.
15/1/1905,
Sunday (-14,723)
Edward Teller, who developed the Hydrogen Bomb in 1952, was born to Jewish
parents in Budapest.
14/1/1905,
Saturday (-14,724) Ernst Abbe, German physicist (born 1840)
died in Jena.
13/1/1905,
Friday (-14,725) Robert Gifford, US painter, died
(born 23/12/1840).
12/1/1905, Thursday (-14,726)
11/1/1905,
Wednesday (-14,727) The price of a
third class transatlantic liner ticket was �6.
10/1/1905, Tuesday
(-14,728) Clemence Michel, French anarchist, died.
7/1/1905,
Saturday (-14,731)
The US Senate approved the first government appointment of a Black man, as head
of South Carolina Customs Services.
1/1/1905.
Sunday (-14,737) (1)
Russians defending Port Arthur finally capitulated to the Japanese; the effort
had cost the lives of 60,000 Japanese troops.
(2)
The Trans-Siberian railway officially
opened. Its aim was to facilitate trade between Russia and China. Furs,
grain, and cattle from Siberia would be traded for tea, silk, and cotton from
China.
1/1905,
Trans-Siberian
Railway opened. Bloody Sunday in St Petersburg. Warsaw workers uprising.
======================================================================================
12/1904,
London
Metropolitan Railway electrified. Russian peasants revolt. Irish
State-subsidised theatre.
29/12/1904,
Thursday (-14,740)
28/12/1904,
Wednesday (-14,741)
The first weather reports by wireless telegraphy were published in London.
27/12/1904,
Tuesday (-14,742)
The Abbey Theatre in Dublin opened, on the site of the former Mechanics
Institute in Abbey Sttreet; the first State subsidised theatre in the world.
The Irish State saw the theatre as a focus for nationalist literature and
drama.
26/12/1904,
Monday (-14,743)
After months of unrest and riots in Russia, Tsar Nicholas II made decrees to
improve the lot of the peasants.
25/12/1904,
Sunday (-14,744) (Science)
German-Canadian physicist Gerhard Hertzberg was born in Hamburg, Germany. In
1971 he was awarded the Nobel prize for his work on the geometry of molecules
in gases.
15/12/1904,
Thursday (-14,754)
In London, British politician Joseph Chamberlain called for curbs on immigration;
he said they were responsible for crime and disease.
13/12/1904.
Tuesday (-14,756) London�s Metropolitan
Railway went electric.
6/12/1904,
Tuesday (-14,763) Arthur Hobhouse, English
Judge, died (born 10/11/1819).
5/12/1904.
Monday (-14,764) The Japanese destroyed the Russian fleet at
Port Arthur.
5/12/1904,
Sunday (-14,765)
2/12/1904,
Friday (-14,767) Ann Gilbert, US actress, died
(born 21/10/1821).
1/12/1904,
Thursday (-14,768) The Great World
Fair, at St Louis, USA, closed, having had millions of visitors from all over
the world.
12/1904,
London
Metropolitan Railway electrified. Russian peasants revolt. Irish
State-subsidised theatre.
=====================================================================================
11/1904,
The Mirror
newspaper founded. Worker uprising in Poland. Japan defeating Russia. Economic
downturn in UK. Roosevelt won 2nd term in USA.
30/11/1904,
Wednesday (-14,769) The Japanese made
headway against the Russians at Port Arthur, at the cost of 12,000 casualties.
29/11/1904,
Tuesday (-14,770) A large increase in unemployment in
Britain. Over 520,000 people in England and Wales were on Poor Relief, more
than at any time since 1888, and a further 250,000 were reduced to living in
workhouses, an 11% increase on 1903. Low wages meant a third of the population
at or below the poverty line. Half the population of Scotland and a sixth of
Londoners lived more than two people to a room.
28/11/1904,
Monday (-14,771) Rebels in South West Africa
were beaten by the Germans, see 3/10/1904.
25/11/1904,
Friday (-14,774)
22/11/1904, Tuesday (-14,777) (Atomic)
Hannes Alfven of Sweden was born. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for
work in plasma physics.
21/11/1904, Monday (-14,778)
A typhoon off Mindanao, The Philippines, rendered 30,000 people homeless.
20/11/1904, Sunday (-14,779) Alexandra
Danilova, Russian ballerina, was born in Petergof, Russia (died 1997)
19/11/1904, Saturday (-14,780) Hans von Hopfen, German poet, died (born
3/1/1835).
18/11/1904, Friday (-14,781) (1) In Poland the illegal Polish Peasant Union
(Polski Zwiazek Ludowy, PZL) was formed. It demanded a political voice for the
workers and peasants.
(2) Gold was
discovered in Rhodesia.
17/11/1904,
Thursday (-14,782) First UK underwater
voyage of a submarine was made, under the Solent from Southampton to the Isle
of Wight.
16/11/1904, Wednesday (-14,783) Nnamdi
Azikiwe, 1st President of Nigeria (1963-66), was born in Zungeru, (died 1996)
15/11/1904, Tuesday (-14,784) Tilly
Losch, Austrian actress, was born in Vienna, Austria (died 1975)
14/11/1904, Monday (-14,785) Michael Ramsey, 100th Archbishop
of Canterbury, was born (died 1988)
13/11/1904, Sunday (-14,786) In
the Plac Gryzbowski, Warsaw, a serious worker uprising took place. In clashes
with the police and army, 6 were killed, 27 wounded and hundreds arrested.
8/11/1904.
Tuesday (-14,791) US President Theodore
Roosevelt won a second term in
the elections.
4/11/1904, Friday (-14,795) Benjamin de Costa, US historical writer, died
(born 10/7/1831).
2/11/1904.
Wednesday (-14,797) The British
newspaper The Mirror was founded by Alfred
Harmsworth. Originally sold as a woman�s paper for 1d, it was subsequently
relaunched as the Daily Illustrated Mirror and retailed at � d.
1/11/1904,
Tuesday (-14,798)
George Bernard Shaw�s play John Bull�s Other Island had its premier.
11/1904,
The Mirror
newspaper founded. Worker uprising in Poland. Japan defeating Russia. Economic
downturn in UK. Roosevelt won 2nd term in USA.
=======================================================================================
10/1904,
The Dogger Bank
Incident, as the Russo-Japanese War began. The radio valve was invented. New York subway
opened.
31/10/1904.
Monday (-14,799) The radio valve was
invented by John Fleming at London University.
27/10/1904.
Thursday (-14,803) The first section of the New York subway
opened. Trains ran from City Hall to Broadway and 145th Street.
24/10/1904, Monday (-14,806), Four French officers were charged
with lying in the Dreyfus case.
22/10/1904,
Saturday (-14,808) The �Dogger Bank� incident nearly
caused war between Britain and Russia. The Russian Baltic fleet sank two Hull
trawlers on the Dogger bank. The Russian Commander, Admiral Rozhdestvensky,
later claimed he thought they were Japanese torpedo boats, sent under false
flags to attack, but there was widespread disbelief and indignation in Britain.
The Russians were fearful of Japanese attack and on edge, guns ready; they
suddenly found themselves surrounded by a flotilla of small boats. However when
they realised their mistake they did not stop to help but steamed off into the
night. The people of Hull were furious and demanded the British navy chase
after the Russians to �teach them a lesson�. Only French diplomatic
intervention prevented the incident from escalating further. The Russian fleet
was on its way to fight the Japanese navy in the Pacific.� Russia expressed regret and provided
compensation.
15/10/1904, Saturday (-14,815) George, King of Saxony, died,.
13/10/1904,
Thursday (-14,817)
Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud published his Interpretation of Dreams.
12/10/1904,
Wednesday (-14,818)
The Polish Archbishop, Wincenty Popiel, condemned socialism as being subversive
of all institutions.
10/10/1904.
Monday (-14,820) Kurdish tribesmen
massacred Armenians in Turkey.
8/10/1904,
Saturday (-14,822) (Chemistry)
Alexander Winkler, German chemist, died in Dresden.
7/10/1904,
Friday (-14,823)
Isabella Bird Bishop, the first woman to be admitted to the Royal Geographical
Society of London, died today aged 73. A sickly child, the family doctor
advised her to travel and she did, widely, firstly to the western USA. Her last
trip aboard was to Morocco in 1901. She established missionary hospitals in
India and China.
6/10/1904,
Thursday (-14,824)
4/10/1904,
Tuesday (-14,826)
Death of French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, designer of the Statue of
Liberty.
3/10/1904.
Monday (-14,827) France and Spain
agreed that northern Morocco was recognised as a Spanish zone of influence.
2/10/1904,
Sunday (-14,828) (Namibia) In Namibia, Von Trotha, exasperated by
his lack of success at containing the Herero guerrilla warfare, issued a
general order to shoot all Herero, armed or not, men women and children. He
later modified this and ordered his soldiers to fire �over the heads of� women
and children. Many Herero fled across the border to British-colonised
territory.
1/10/1904,
Saturday (-14,829) (Atomic)
Austrian-British physicist Otto Robert Frisch was born in Vienna. He developed
the fission theory, in 1939, for the bombardment of uranium by neutrons.
10/1904,
The Dogger Bank
Incident, as the Russo-Japanese War began. The radio valve was invented. New York subway
opened.
======================================================================================
9/1904,
Britain gained
influence in Tibet, and shut Russia out. Air-conditioning patented, US army rejected
heavier-than-air flying machines.
30/9/1904,
Friday (-14,830) George Hoar, US politician, died
(born 29/8/1836).
26/9/1904,
Monday (-14,834) Lafcadio Hearn, writer on
Japan, died (born 27/6/1850).
20/9/1904.
Tuesday (-14,840) The US Army rejected
heavier than air flying machines.
16/9/1904,
Friday (-14,844) (Innovation)
Willis Carrier filed US patent no. 808897 for air conditioning. The basic idea
of air conditioning had been known since Roman times, when it was noted that
cool vapour rose from water thrown on hot stones. In 1902 a Brooklyn printer,
Sackett-Williams, told Carrier that he had a problem with changing heat and
humidity altering the colours unpredictably on his printing. Willis Carrier
designed the first air conditioning unit, which weighed 30 tons. Dust control
was added in 1906.
7/9/1904,
Wednesday (-14,853)
A treaty between the UK and Tibet gave Britain trading posts in Tibet and a
promise that the Dalai Lama would not cede territory to a foreign power such as
Russia. See 2/8/1904.
1/9/1904,
Thursday (-14,859) (Canada)
Earl Grey was appointed Governor-General of Canada.
9/1904,
Britain gained
influence in Tibet, and shut Russia out. Air-conditioning patented, US
armyrejected heavier-than-air flying machines.
=======================================================================================
8/1904,
British
domination over Tibet. Anglo French agreement over North Africa spheres of
influence.
29/8/1904,
Monday (-14,862) The 3rd Olympic Games
opened in St Louis, Missouri.
28/8/1904.
Sunday (-14,863) A treaty was concluded in London whereby France would allow the British
freedom of action in Egypt in return for the British allowing the French a free
hand in Morocco. For many years the nominally independent Sultanate of
Morocco had been losing power as it became increasingly dependent on French, Spanish,
and German business and subsidies for financial security. In October 1904 the
French also concluded a secret treaty with the Spanish. This disturbed Emperor
Wilhelm II of Germany who saw his country being squeezed out of North Africa.
Wilhelm II therefore landed at Tangier on 31 March 1905. The sultan sided with
the Germans and serious friction with the French resulted. On 161/1906 the
Algecieras Conference was held. German claims were backed by Austria whilst
French claims were backed by Britain. Germany failed to curb France�s
privileged position in Morocco. See 8/4/1904.
26/8/1904,
Friday (+-14,865) Joseph Hulme, footballer,
was born (died 27/9/1991).
24/8/1904,
Wednesday (-14,867) The Chinese leader, Deng
Xiaoping, was born in Sichuan Province.
20/8/1904,
Saturday (-14,871)
17/8/1904,
Wednesday (-14,874)
In the UK, the Postmaster General reported that postcard usage increased by 25%
in 1903.
16/8/1904,
Tuesday (-14,875) Britain protested to
Russia about attacks on neutral merchant shipping.
14/8/1904,
Sunday (-14,877)
12/8/1904,
Friday (-14,879) William Renshaw, tennis
champion, died (born 3/1/1861).
11/8/1904,
Thursday (-14,880) (Namibia) The
Herero of Namibia were defeated by the Germans at Hamakari. Survivors were
driven into the Kalahari Desert where waterholes had been poisoned. The Herero
were reduced from a population of 80,000 to around 15,000. Survivors were
placed in slave labour camps.
7/8/1904,
Sunday (-14,884)
Ralph Johnson Bunche, who became the first Black person to hold an important
position at the US State Department, was born. He helped found the United
Nations and won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the 1949 Arab-Israeli
truce.
4/8/1904.
Thursday (-14,887) The first Atlantic
weather forecast was received by radio telegraph.
3/8/1904,
Wednesday (-14,888)
Tibet�s religious leader, the Dalai Lama, fled Lhasa as Lord Curzon�s forces
entered the city.
2/8/1904,
Tuesday (-14,889) The British had faced
resistance by Tibetans against colonial expansion.� On this day the British, successful against
Tibet, entered Lhasa. See 7/9/1904. Britain was concerned about growing Russian
influence over Tibet. In May 1904 the last serious Tibetan resistance, in the
Karo Pass, had been overcome. 3,000 Tibetans had taken up position behind a
wall connecting two forts fired on advancing British, Sikh and Ghurkha forces.
However the Sikhs outflanked the Tibetans whilst the Ghurkhas climbed a
precipice to fire down on them. The Tibetans fled, leaving 400 dead.
1/8/1904,
Monday (-14,890) Birth of American
jazzman Count Basie.
8/1904,
British
domination over Tibet. Anglo French agreement over North Africa spheres of
influence.
=====================================================================================
7/1904,
Trans-Siberian
Railway completed. Ice cream cone now sold. Liverpool Anglican Cathedral begun.
30/7/1904,
Saturday (-14,892)
28/7/1904,
Thursday (-14,894)
In Poland the Interior Minister, Plehve, was assassinated by the socialist
revolutionary, Sazonov.
27/7/1904,
Wednesday (-14,895) Anton Dolin, English
ballet dancer, was born in Sussex.
26/7/1904,
Tuesday (-14,896) Eugene Davy, rugby player,
was born in Dublin.
25/7/1904,
Monday (-14,897)
23/7/1904,
Saturday (-14,899) The first ice cream cone was commercially
sold, by Charles Menches in Missouri. See 13/12/1903.
22/7/1904,
Friday (-14,900) Wilson Barrett, playwright, died
(born in Essex 18/2/1846).
21/7/1904,
Thursday (-14,901) The Trans-Siberian Railway was finally
completed. The 4,607 miles of track took 13 years to lay.
20/7/1904,
Wednesday (-14,902) (Sea
and Canal) The new Kings Dock at Swansea was inaugurated.
19/7/1904,
Tuesday (-14,903)
17/7/1904, Sunday (-14,905) The
foundation stone of the Anglican Liverpool Cathedral was laid by King Edward
VII.
16/7/1904, Saturday (-14,906) Islands
of Manu'a group (Samoa) were ceded to the US by their chiefs.
15/7/1904, Friday (-14,907) (Light)
Pavel Chenenkov was born in Voronezh, Russia. In 1934 he discovered that a
particle travelling at close to the speed of light in a vacuum through a liquid
or transparent solid travels faster than the speed of light in that medium,
light is emitted. This is now known as Cherenkov radiation.
14/7/1904, Thursday (-14,908) Paul Kruger, leader of the
Boer Republic of Transvaal during the Boer War, died.
13/7/1904, Wednesday (-14,909)
12/7/1904, Tuesday (-14,910) Britain and Germany signed a
five-year treaty, to resolve disputes through arbitration rather than by
military means.
11/7/1904, Monday (-14,911) Frederic
Huntington, US religious writer, died (born 28/5/1819).
7/7/1904, Thursday (-14,915) James Cagney, film director, was born in
New York.
5/7/1904, Tuesday (-14,917) The composer Edward Elgar was
knighted.
4/7/1904. Monday (-14,918) Work began on the 40 mile-long Panama
Canal.� It opened on 15/8/1914.
3/7/1904. Sunday (-14,919) The
Hungarian-born Zionist Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) died in Vienna.� He was a journalist, and the founder of
Zionism.� He rejected territories such as
Uganda for a Jewish homeland, insisting on Palestine.
2/7/1904, Saturday (-14,920)
Russian playwright, Anton Chekhov, born 17/1/1860 in Taganrog, died in Germany
whilst being treated for tuberculosis.
1/7/1904, Friday (-14,921)
The third Olympic Games opened in St Louis, USA.
7/1904,
Trans-Siberian
Railway completed. Ice cream cone now sold. Liverpool Anglican Cathedral begun.
=====================================================================================
6/1904, Heavy Japanese defeat on Russia. Roosevelt nominated for
further term..
29/6/1904, Wednesday (-14,923)
26/6/1904. �Sunday (-14,926) Japanese forces inflicted a heavy defeat on the Russians at Telissu.
25/6/1904, Saturday (-14,927)
Wilhelm Jordan, German poet and novelist, died.
24/6/1904, Friday (-14,928)
23/6/1904, Thursday (-14,929)
US President Roosevelt was nominated by his party for a further term.
22/6/1904, Wednesday (-14,230) The
Cape to Cairo railway opened.
9/6/1904, Thursday
(-14,943) (1) First meeting of the Ladies Automobile Club.
(2) First concert by the London Symphony Hall.
3/6/1904, Friday (-14,949) (USA) Robert Keep, US educator, died (born
26/4/1844).
====================================================================================
5/1904, Rolls Royce founded. Dali was born. Japan Russia War
continued.
26/5/1904, Thursday (-14,957) G