Chronography of events from 1 January 1830 to 31 December 1859
Page last
modified 11 July 2023
(-9999) = Day count to end of World
War Two in Europe (day zero = Tuesday).
Easter Sundays derived from https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/easter_text2b.htm
See also Julian
Day Count, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day
For dates from 1 January 1860 click here
Jump to:-
6
January 1860, Friday (-31,168) William
Leake, geographical writer, died (born 14 July 1777).
1 January 1860, Sunday (-31,173) Spanish
General Juan Prim y Prats (1814-70) scored a major victory over Morocco, and
captured Tetuan a month later.
====================================================================================
31 December
1859, Saturday (-31,174) (USA, Clothing) US cotton production,
mostly grown in the South, was 5.4 million bales in 1859, up from just 171,000
bales in 1810.
28 December 1859, Wednesday
(-31,177) Lord Macaulay, English Liberal MP, member of the Supreme Council
of India 1834-38 and campaigner for the abolition of slavery, died.
26 December 1859, Monday
(-31,179) Johann Hausmann, German mineralogist, died (born 22 December 1782).
22 December 1859, Thursday
(-31,183) Jean Leber, French historical writer, died (born 8 May 1780).
21 December 1859, Wednesday
(-31,184) Gustave Kahn, French poet, was born.
19 December 1859, Monday
(-31,186)
16 December 1859, Friday (-31,189)
Wilhelm Grimm, co-author with his brother Jacob of fairy tales, died in Berlin.
15 December 1859, Thursday (-31,190)
Ludwig Zimenof, Polish linguist who created the artificial language
Esperanto, was born in Bialystock.
8
December 1859, Thursday, (-31,197) Thomas
de Quincy, English author, died (born 15 August 1785).
5
December 1859, Monday (-31,200) Admiral
Jellicoe, British naval commander, was born in Southampton, son of a sea
captain.
2 December 1859, Friday (-31,203) John Brown,
American anti-slavery campaigner, was hanged for treason at Charlestown, West
Virginia. In 1856 Brown and his sons
murdered five pro-slavery settlers in a raid on Kansas. He wanted to found a
republic in the Appalachians for runaway slaves and abolitionists. On 16 October
1859 Brown and 21 armed men attacked Harpers
Ferry, seized the federal arsenal and occupied the town. Federal troops
under General Lee recaptured the town; wounding Brown and killing 10 of his
men. In the north of the USA Brown was
hailed as a martyr but the south saw him as a traitor.
1 December 1859, Thursday (-31,204)
Alfred Rethel, German historical painter, died in Dusseldorf (born 1816 in Aix
la Chapelle)
===================================================================================
28
November 1859, Monday (-31,207) Washington
Irvine, US writer, died (born 3 April 1783).
25 November 1859, Friday (-31,210)
The London Irish Volunteer Rifles was formed.
24 November 1859. Thursday (-31,211)
Charles Darwin, born 12 February 1809, published The Origin of the Species.
23 November 1859, Wednesday (-31,212) Billy the Kid, or William
Bonney, was shot dead by Sheriff Pat Garrett.
22 November 1859, Tuesday (-31,213)
Cecil James Sharp, British author, was born in London (died 23 June� 1924 in London)
21
November 1859, Monday (-31,214)
20 November 1859, Sunday (-31,215) Mountstuart Elphinstone, Indian
statesman, died (born 1779)
19 November 1859, Saturday (-33,216)
Russian composer Mikhail Ippolitov Ivanov was born in Gatchina.
16
November 1859, Wednesday (-31,219) William
Spalding, British author, died in St Andrews (born 22 May 1809 in Aberdeen)
12 November 1859, Saturday (-31,223) French acrobat Jules Leotard
performed the first circus trapeze act at the Cirque Napoleon, Paris, wearing
the famous costume named after him.
11 November 1859. Friday (-31,224) The
city of Buenos Aires, which broke away from the Argentine Federation in 1853,
was compelled to rejoin today.
10 November 1859, Thursday (-31,225) A peace treaty signed at
Zurich ended the war between France, allied to Piedmont, and Austria. The
effects of the treaty were crucial in the unification of Italy. Under its
terms, Lombardy passed from Austria to Piedmont, with the exception of the
Quadrilateral forts (see 24 June� 1859)
which were retained by Austria. Piedmont compensated France 60 million lire for
the cost of the war with Austria. Plebiscites were held in various territories
to determine which State they would join.
7
November 1859, Monday (-31,228) The
railway from Cannock to Rugeley opened.
====================================================================================
23 October 1859, Sunday (-31,243) President
Justo Jose de Urquiza decided to use force against Bartolome Mitre, leader of
independent Buenos Aires (see 1854). This day Urquiza was victorious at the Battle
of Cepeda, against Mitre.
22 October 1859, Saturday (-31,244) Spain
declared war on Morocco, after Muslim attacks on the Spanish enclave of Ceuta.
The Spanish Prime Minister, Leopoldo O�Donnell (1809-67) used the pretext of
damages suffered by Spanish citizens in Ceuta, which he alleged that the
Moroccan Sultan had failed to offer compensation for. O�Donnell took charge of
the war, adssembling a large 40,000-strong army, but his battle� plans were flawed. He landed his army at
disadvantageous locations, became bogged down by the use of poor roads, and
suffered losses from cholera. However see 1 January 1860.
20
October 1859, Thursday (-31,246)
John Dewey, US educator, was born in Burlington, Vermont.
17 October 1859, Monday (-31,249)
German composer Louis Spohr died in Kassel.
16 October 1859, Sunday (-31,250) John
Brown, American slavery abolitionist, with 21 followers, seized the US armoury
at Harper�s Ferry.� He was later hanged
for this, see 2 December 1859.
14
October 1859, Friday (-31,252) Paul
Chevillard, French composr, was born in Paris (died 30 May 1923 in Chatou)
12
October 1859, Wednesday (-31,254)
Robert Stephenson, English
railway and civil engineer, died in London.
9
October 1859, Sunday (-31,257) Alfred
Dreyfus, French army office noted for the �Dreyfus Treason Affair�, was born in
Alsace to Jewish parents.
5 October 1859, Wednesday (-31,261) Henry
Prince of Battenberg was born (died 20 January 1896).
4 October 1859, Tuesday (-31,262) Death of German publisher Karl Baedeker, whose travel guides
became famous.
3 October 1859, Monday (-31,263) John
Mason, US politician, died (born 18 April 1799).
1
October 1859, Saturday (-31,265) John
James, English religious writer, died (born 6 June 1785).
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28
September 1859, Wednesday (-31,268)
Karl Ritter, German geographical writer, died in Berlin (born 7 August 1779 in
Quedlinburg)
17 September 1859, Saturday (-31,279) Frank
Adams, Canadian geologist (died 29 December 1942) was born.
16 September 1859, Friday (-31,280) Lake
Nyasa was discovered by David Livingstone.
15 September 1859. Thursday (-31,281)
Railway engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel died at Westminster. He was
born on 9 April 1806, in Portsmouth.
10
September 1859, Saturday (-31,286) Thomas
Nuttall, English botanist, died in St Helens, Lancashire (born in Settle,
Yorkshire, 5 January 1786)
3 September 1859, Saturday (-31,293) Jean
Jaures, French Socialist leader, was born.
2 September 1859, Friday (-31,294) (Space)
The Carrington Event. A massive solar flare hit the Earth, causing the Aurora
to be seen as far south as the Caribbean, and as far north as Santiago, Chile.
Telegraph lines and machines were disrupted by the energy surge. The event is
named after amateur astronomer Richard Carrington, who first spotted the solar
flare.
==================================================================================
31
August 1859, Wednesday (-31,296)
The Cambrian Railways line from Newtown to Llanidloes, Wales, opened to
passengers.
28 August 1859, Sunday (-31,299) James
Hunt, English writer, died (born 19 October 1784).
27 August 1859. Saturday (-31,300) The world�s first oil
well was drilled at Titusville, Pennsylvania, by Edwin Drake of Seneca Oil. Oil had been known
in this area for 300 years. It used to seep from the ground and was used for
curing many ailments from blindness to rheumatism, colds, coughs, sprains, and
baldness. It was also skimmed from creeks and used for lighting, although it
gave off a foul smell when burned. Chemists turned the oil into a better
lighting fuel. Drake drilled down 69 feet and got a steady flow of 25 barrels a
day from his well. By the end of the year the well once called �Drake�s Folly�
had produced 2,000 barrels, and other prospectors joined in the search for more
oil.
23 August 1859, Tuesday
(-31,304) The first hotel elevator was installed in the 6 storey building of Fifth
Avenue Hotel, New York.
18
August 1859, Thursday (-31,309)
Antonio d�Antoni, Italian composer, died in Trieste (born 25 June 1801 in
Palermo)
10
August 1859, Wednesday (-31,317) Sir
George Thomas Staunton, Orientalist writer, died (born near Salisbury 26 May
1781)
2
August 1859, Tuesday (-31,325) Horace
Mann, US educatiuonalist writer, died (born 4 May 1796).
==================================================================================
30
July 1859, Saturday (-31,328) Henry
Lunn, champion skier, was born (died 18 March 1939).
28
July 1859, Thursday (-31,330) Mary
Anderson, US actress, was born in Sacramento, California.
17
July 1859, Sunday (-31,341) Luis
Munoz Rivera was born. He made great efforts in securing autonomy for Puerto
Rico, first from Spain and then from the USA.
14 July 1859, Thursday (-31,344) Petrus
Borel, French writer, died in Algeria.
13 July 1859, Wednesday (-31,345) Rufus
Choate, US lawyer, died (born 1 October 1799).
12 July 1859.
Tuesday (-31,346) (1)
William Goodale patented the paper bag manufacturing machine.
(2) Robert
Stephenson, engineer, died.
11 July 1859, Monday (-31,347) Big
Ben, Westminster, first starting chiming the hours.
10 July 1859,
Sunday (-31,348) The Treaty of Villafranca was signed,
see 24 June� 1859. The war between France
(allied with Piedmont) and Austria was finally concluded by the peace treaty
signed at Zurich on 10 November 1859.
8 July 1859, Friday (-31,350) King Oskar I of Sweden died aged 60 after a
15-year reign. He was succeeded by his 33-year-old son who reigned as Charles
XV until 1872.
6 July 1859,
Wednesday (-31,352) Queensland,
Australia, was formed into a separate colony.
5 July 1859,
Tuesday (-31,353) Charles Cagniard de la Tour,
French inventor, died (born 31 March 1777).
3 July 1859, Sunday (-31,355)
1 July 1859,
Friday (-31,357) (1) The port city of Nagasaki was opened to
foreign commerce, according to the provisions of the Treaty of Edo.
(2)
The first mail was transported by balloon. John Wise and three others piloted
their machine the 812 miles between St Louis, Missouri, and Henderson, New York
State, in 19 hours and 40 minutes.
====================================================================================
30 June� 1859, Thursday (-31,358) The great tightrope walker,
Charles Blondin, crossed Niagara Falls in eight minutes.� He traversed a rope 1100 feet long, 160 feet
above the water.� This was the first
crossing of Niagara on a tightrope.
29
June 1859, Wednesday
(-31,359)
28 June� 1859, Tuesday (-31,360) The first dog show in the UK took
place at Newcastle on Tyne Town Hall, with 60 entries split between two
classes, Pointers and Setters.
27 June 1859, Monday
(-31,361) US composer Mildred Hill was born in Louisville, Kentucky.
24 June� 1859, Friday (-31,364) At the Battle of Solferino,
Lombardy, Italy, the French under Napoleon III allied to Piedmont defeated the
Austrians. However the victory was costly for the French. Napoleon III knew
that his armies must next face the Austrians at the �Quadrilateral�, the four
fortresses of Legnano, Mantua, Peschiera and Verona, where the Austrians had
retreated northwards to, and opposition to the French would increase in this
region. Within France, the war against Austria was becoming unpopular as army
casualties, and deaths from a typhus epidemic within the ranks, mounted. The
war was expensive to France. There was also the question of what Britain might do,
being opposed to the extension of French power in Italy. Prussia�s intentions,
with its 400,000 strong army, were also uncertain. Therefore Napoleon, without
consulting his Piedmont ally, signed the Treaty of Villafranca, see 10 July 1859.
21
June 1859, Tuesday
(-31,367) Henry Ossawa Tanner, artist, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
18 June� 1859,
Saturday (-31,370) Lord Palmerston became Prime
Minister.
12 June� 1859, Sunday (-31,376) (Medical)
Jacob Bell, pharmaceutical chemist, died (born in London 5 March 1810).
11 June� 1859, Saturday (-31,377) Clemens Metternich, Austrian
statesman, died.
7 June� 1859,
Tuesday (-31,381) David Cox, English painter, died
(born 29 April 1783).
5 June� 1859, Sunday (-31,383) (Newspapers)
Gamaliel Bailey, US journalist, died (born in New Jersey 3 December 1807).
4 June� 1859, Saturday (-31,384) Battle of Magenta; France defeated
Austrian forces and captured Milan.
2 June� 1859, Thursday (-31,386)
==================================================================================
31 May 1859,
Tuesday (-31,388) Big Ben on the Houses of Parliament
started telling the time.
30 May 1859,
Monday (-31,389)
Battle of Palestro; Austria defeated by Piedmont.
22
May 1859. Sunday (-31,397) Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies, died
(born 12 January 1810).
20 May 1859, Friday (-31,399) Italian Wars of independence,
Austria defeated by Piedmont.
19 May 1859, Thursday (-31,400) Dame
Nellie Melba, Australian singer, was born.
18 May 1859, Wednesday (-31,401) (Geology)
Geophysicist Harry Reid was born in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. He showed that
earthquakes were caused when rocks either side of fault lines moved; previous
theories suggested that the earthquakes caused the faults, not the other way
round.
17
May 1859, Tuesday (-31,402)
16 May 1859, Monday (-31,403)
Horace Hutchinson, golfer, was born (died 28 July 1932).
15 May 1859, Sunday (-31,404)
Pierre Curie, French scientist, was born in
Paris. He was the son of a physician.
14 May 1859, Saturday (-31,405) Joseph
Sturge, English politician, died in Birmingham (born 1793)
13 May 1859, Friday (-31,406) Denison
Olmstead, US scientific writer, died n New Haven, Connecticut (born in 18 July
1791 in East Hartford, Connecticut)
12 May 1859, Thursday (-31,407)
(Italy) France declared war on Austria, in the Piedmont War.
8
May 1859, Sunday (-31,411) (Italy) The
Austrians were defeated by the Italians at Casale.
5 May 1859, Thursday (-31,414) Charles
Leslie, English painter, died (born 19 October 1794).
4 May 1859, Wednesday (-31,415)
The Cornwall railway opened through to Truro, making a through rail route from
London to Penzance.
3 May 1859, Tuesday (-31,416) France
declared war on Austria.
2 May 1859, Monday (-31,417) Jerome
K Jerome, author, was born at Walsall.
1
May 1859, Sunday (-31,418)
==================================================================================
30 April 1859, Saturday (-31,419) Sergei
Aksakov, Russian writer (born 20 September 1791) died.
29 April 1859, Friday (-31,420) Dionysius
Lardner, Irish scientific writer, died (born 3 April 1793).
28
April 1859, Thursday (-31,421)
27 April 1859, Wednesday (-31,422) George
Doane, US religious writer, died (born 27 May 1799).
26 April 1859, Tuesday (-31,423) The
Austro-Piedmontese war began. Piedmont was backed by France, who was more
interested in weakening Austria than in the ambitions of Piedmont.
25 April 1859. Monday
(-31,424) Construction of
the 100 mile Suez Canal began. Constructed by both Egyptian and French companies, under the direction
of Ferdinand de Lesseps, it opened on 17 November 1869. It was 163 km long and
had a minimum width of 60 metres. In 2000, some 25,000 ships used this canal.
24 April 1859, Sunday (-31,425) Easter
Sunday
23 April 1859, Saturday (-31,426) Austria issued an ultimatum
to Piedmont to disarm. This followed an agreement between France and Piedmont
to ally against Austria. This agreement was strengthening the power of Italy
(see 14 January 1858) and was a significant threat to the southern flank of
Austria. See also 3 May 1859.
22
April 1859, Friday (-31,427)
21 April 1859, Thursday (-31,428) Carl
Nagelsbach, German scholarly writer, died (born 28 March 1806).
20 April 1859, Wednesday (-31,429) Charles Dicken�s novel A Tale of Two Cities was published.
18 April 1859, Monday (-31,431)
Tantia Topi, Indian rebel leader during theIndian Mutiny, was executed by the
Briitsh.
16
April 1859, Saturday (-31,433) Alexis
Tocqueville, French politician, died in Cannes (born 29 July 1805 in Verneuil
14
April 1859, Thursday (-31,435)
Sydney Morgan, British authoress, died.
11
April 1859, Monday (-31,438) In
Mexico, Liberal forces under Santos Degollado were defeated by the
Conservatives at Tacubaya.
8
April 1859, Friday (-31,435)
Edmund Husserl, philosopher, was born.
==================================================================================
29
March 1859, Tuesday (-31,451)
Herman Bemberg, French composer, was born in Paris (died 21 July 1931 in Berne)
26
March 1859, Saturday (-31,454) Alfred
Edward Housmam, poet, was born.
22
March 1859, Tuesday (-31,458) Major
earthquake at Quito, 5,000 killed.
12
March 1859, Saturday (-31,468)
Wagner�s Prelude to Tristan and Isolde was first performed, in Prague.
10 March 1859, Thursday (-31,470) Kenneth
Grahame, children�s writer, was born.
9 March 1959, Wednesday (-31,471)
(Italy) Piedmont called up its reserve troops, to fight Austria.
7
March 1859, Monday (-31,473) The
USA�s Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was upheld by the Supreme Court in the case of
Ableman v. Booth, which reversed the Wisconsin Court ruling of 1854.
1
March 1859, Tuesday (-31,479) Kent
County Cricket Club was founded at Maidstone.
=================================================================================
27
February 1859, Sunday (-31,481) Friedrich
Bleek, German scholar, died (born in Holstein 4 July 1793).
21 February 1859, Monday (-31,487) (1) Viscount Palmerston left office as Prime
Minister.
(2) George
Lansbury, British Labour politician and party leader, was born near Lowestoft,
Suffolk.
19 February 1859, Saturday (-31,489) Svante August Arrhenius, Swedish physicist
and chemist, was born near Uppsala.
17 February 1859, Thursday (-31,491)
French forces took Saigon, Vietnam.
15 February 1859, Tuesday (-31,493) (Britain)
Frederick William Hervey, Fifth Earl of Bristol, died (born 2 October 1769).
14 February 1859, Monday (-31,494) (1) Oregon became the 33rd state of the
USA.
(2) The railway reached St Joseph, Missouri River, USA.
13 February 1859, Sunday (-31,495) Sir Edward Walter founded the
Corps of Commissionaires for the employment of ex-soldiers.
10
February 1859, Thursday (-31,498) Ib
the Ibdian Mutiny, General Horsford defeated the Begum of Oude and Nana Sahib.
5
February 1859, Saturday (-31,503) Alexander
Cuza was nominated as Prince of Walachia by the Assembly at Bucharest See 17
January 1859. This united the two principalities with Cuza as Prince Alexander
John I; however such a union was forbidden by the Congress of Paris (18 October
1858). The Sultan of Turkey did not recognise this Union until 23 December 1861,
when the State of Romania was formally proclaimed.
1
February 1859, Tuesday (-31,507)
Victor Herbert, cellist and conductor, was born.
===================================================================================
27
January 1859, Thursday (-31,512)
Kaiser Wilhelm II was born in Potsdam, near Berlin. He was the son of the
German Emperor and the grandson of Queen Victoria.
21 January 1859, Friday (-31,518)
Henry Hallam, English historical writer, died (born 21 January 1859).
20 January 1859, Thursday (-31,519) Elisabeth
Arnim, German authoress, died in Berlin (born 4 April 1785 in Frankfort am Main).
17
January 1859, Monday (-31,522) Alexander
Cuza was nominated as Prince of Moldavia by the Assembly at Jassy. See 5
February 1859.
15
January 1859, Saturday (-31,524) Andrew
Black, Scottish baritone singer, was born in Glasgow (died 15 Septemnber 1920
in Sydney, Australia)
11 January 1859, Tuesday (-31,528) George Curzon, English statesman, was
born.
9 January 1859, Sunday (-31,530)
Carrie Chapman, suffragette, was born.
6
January 1859, Thursday (-31,533)
Henry E Dixey, US actor, was born in Boston (died 25 February 1943)
1 January 1859, Saturday (-31,538) (Italy) French Emperor Napoleon III
warned the Austrian Ambassador of possible French military action against
Austria, in the Piedmont War.
====================================================================================
27
December 1858, Monday (-31,543)
Alexandre Boely, French composer, died in Paris (born 19 April 1785 in
Versailles)
25
December 1858, Saturday (-31,545) James
Gadsden, US diplomat, died (born 15 May 1788).
23 December 1858, Serbian Prince Alesandr Karageorgevic was deposed,
aged 52, after a weak 16-year reign. He was succeeded by 79-year-old Milos
Obrenovoc, who had been deposed in 1839, amd now ruled until his death in 1860.
22 December 1858, Wednesday (-31,548) Composer
Puccini was born in Lucca, Italy.
20
December 1858, Monday (-31,550)
18 December 1858, Saturday (-31,552) Henri
Blanchard, French composer, died in Paris (born 9 April 1791 in Bordeaux)
17 December 1858, Friday (-31,553) The
Geologists Association, London was formed. The newly constructed railway cuttings
and tunnels had stimulated the science.
16 December 1858, Thursday (-31,554) (Medical)
Physician Richard Bright died in London, England.
13
December 1858, Monday (-31,557)
10 December 1858, Friday (-31,560) (Italy)
Having obtained Russian approval, Napoleon III of France signed a scecret
treaty of support with Count Cavour, PM of Piedmont.
9 December 1858, Thursday (-31,561) (Canada)
Robert Baldwin, Canadian statesman, died; born in York (now Toronto), 12 May 1804
3
December 1858, Friday (-31,567) Joseph
Durocher, French geologist, died (born 31 May 1817).
====================================================================================
25 November 1858, Thursday (-31,575)
Alfred Capus, French author, was born.
24 November 1858, Wednesday (-31,576) (Railways-social,
Britain)
A legal case in Dorset caused the UK
Parliament to standardise time to GMT across the country. A judge in a land
case in Dorset ruled against a man who had failed to turn up for a 10.00 am
case, at 10.06. Two minutes later he turned up and claimed he was on time, by
the station clock of his home town, Carlisle in Cumbria. At that time all towns
set their clocks by their own, local, noon, meaning accurate rail timetables
were problematic. By 1850 the rail companies all used London time, adding to
confusion as provincial clocks often had two minute hands, one for local time,
one for London time. The case was re-tried, and in 1880 Parliament ordered the
entire country to keep Greenwich Mean Time.
23 November 1858, Tuesday (-31,577)
The General Medical Council held its first meeting in London.
17
November 1858, Wednesday (-31,583) Robert
Owen, social reformer, died in Newtown, Montgomery, Wales (born 14 May 1771 in
Newtown)
11
November 1858, Thursday (-31,589)
(Christian, music) Alessandro Moreschi, last castrato singer, was born near
Rome.
9 November 1858, Tuesday (-31,591) The
New York Symphony Orchestra gave its first concert.
8 November 1858, Monday (-31,592) (Mathematics)
George Peacock, mathematician, died in Ely, England
4
November 1858, Thursday (-31,596)
Francis Benson, English actor, was born in Tunbridge Wells.
1 November 1858, Monday (-31,599) Queen Victoria was
proclaimed ruler of India. The East
India Company, formed in 1600 to exploit trade with the East, but accused of
imperial abuse from the early 1700s, was abolished and administration of
India was transferred to the British crown. Misconduct by the East India
Company had been partially curbed by the Regulating Act (1773) and Pitt�s India
Act (1784). The Indian Mutiny broke the
Company�s power, British influence being totally regained with the conquest of
Lucknow in March 1858.
====================================================================================
31 October 1858, Sunday (-31,600) Sir
William Reid, Scottish writer, died in London (born 25 April 1791 in Fifeshire)
27
October 1858, Wednesday (-31,604)
Theodore Roosevelt, American
Republican and 26th President, was born in New York City, the
son of a port officer. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the
Russo-Japanese war.
23
October 1858, Saturday (-31,608)
Augustarello Affre, French tenor, was born in St Chinian (died 27 December 1931
in Cagnes sur Mer)
13 October 1858, Wednesday (-31,618) John
Brown, Scottish religious writer, died (born 12 July 1784).
12 October 1858, Tuesday (-31,619)
Painter Ando Hiroshige died in Edo, Japan, aged 61.
10
October 1858, Sunday (-31,621) Karl
August Varnhagen von Ense, German writer, died in Berlin (born 21 February 1785
in Dusseldorf)
7
October 1858, Thursday (-31,624)
Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia was certified insane, and his brother,
61-year-old Wilhelm, was made Regent.
====================================================================================
24
September 1858, Friday (-31,637)
Allan Steel, cricketer, was born (died 15 June 1914)
17 September 1858, Friday (-31,644)
Robert William Vonnoh, US painter, was born in Hartford, Connecticut.
16 September 1858, Thursday (-31,645) Andrew Bonar Law, UK Prime
Minister, was born.
12
September 1858, Sunday (-31,649) Fernand
Khnopff, Belgian painter, was born.
9
September 1958, Thursday (-31,652)
Walter George, athlete, was born (died 4 June�
1943).
1 September 1858, Wednesday (-31,660) (Chemistry)
Karl Auer, later Baron von Welsbach, was born in Vienna, Austria. In 1885 he
discovered that what was thought to be one chemical element was in fact two. He
named these neodymium (�new twin) and praseodymium (�green twin�) for the
colour of its spectrum.
===================================================================================
31 August 1858, Tuesday (-31,661) (Vietnam)
French forces under Admiral Rigault de Genouilly attacked the Vietnamese city
of Tourane, to use it as a military base. The city fell to the French on 2
September 1858.
24
August 1848, Tuesday (-31,668)
15 August 1858, Sunday (-31,677) Emma
Calve, French soprano singer, was born in Decazeville (died 6 January 1942 in
Millau)
14 August 1858, Saturday (-31,678) George
Combe, Scottish phrenologist, died (born 21 October 1788)
11 August 1858, Wednesday (-31,681)
The summit of the Eiger, in the Swiss Alps, was reached for the first time, by
Charles Barrington of Bray, Ireland.
7 August 1858, Saturday (-31,685) (Canada)
Ottawa was selected as capital of Canada.
5 August 1858, Thursday (-31,687)
The first transatlantic cable was completed, by Sir Charles Tilston Bright
(1832 � 1888), and opened by Queen Victoria and President Buchanan. See 7
September 1866.
4 August 1858, Wednesday (-31,688) Liberal
forces in Mexico, outgunned by the Conservatives who were supported by the
church and the wealthy, established a capital at the Mexican port of Vera Cruz.
The US Government favoured the Liberal faction.
3 August 1858, Tuesday (-31,689) John
Speke, 31, English explorer, discovered Lake Victoria, source of the Nile.
2 August 1858, Monday (-31,690) (1) The Government of India
transferred the East India Company to the British Government.
(2) British Columbia was constituted a British Colony; it
became part of the Dominion of Canada in 1871.
(3) Under the Medical Act, UK
doctors were now required to be registered.
===================================================================================
31
July 1858, Saturday (-31,692)
30 July 1858, Friday
(-31,693) Charles Bambridge, English footballer, was born (died 8 November 1935).
29 July 1858, Thursday
(-31,694) The Treaty of Edo was signed between Japan and the USA. This
extended US trading rights gained under the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) and
further opened up Japan to Western influence.
28 July 1858. Wednesday (-31,695)
The first use of fingerprinting.
William Herschel, a British civil servant in India, took the entire palm print
of a Bengali hired to surface roads, to ensure that he did not back out of the
contract.
26
July 1858, Monday (-31,697)
Thomas William Garrett, cricketer for Australia, was born in Wollongong, New
South Wales (died 6 August 1943 in Sydney).
23 July 1858, Friday (-31,700)
In Britain, the Oath of Allegiance was modified so as to allow Jews to sit in
Parliament.
21 July 1858, Wednesday (-31,702) Maria Christina, Queen-Regent of Spain,
widow of Alphonso XII and mother of Alphonso XIII, was born.
16
July 1858, Friday (-31,707)
Belgian composer Eugene ysaye was born in liege.
14 July 1858, Wednesday (-31,709)
The suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst
was born in Manchester, as Emmeline Goulden.
13 July 1858, Tuesday (-31,710) US
anthropologist Robert Culin was born in Philadelphia (died 8 April 1929)
12
July 1858, Monday (-31,711)
10 July 1858, Saturday (-31,713) (France,
Italy)
Napoleon III of France secretly met Count Cavour at Plombieres. The two agreed
to jointly attack Austria.
9 July 1858, Friday (-31,714)
Framz Boaz, anthropologist, was born,
7
July 1858, Wednesday (-31,716) (Communications) Work began on
laying the first transatlantic cable.
2 July 1858. Friday (-31,721) Czar
Alexander II of Russia ordered all serfs working on imperial land to be freed.
1 July 1858. Thursday (-31,722)
Charles Darwin first presented his
theory of evolution, to the Linnean Society.
====================================================================================
29
June� 1858, Tuesday (-31,724) The Treaty of Tientsin ended the
Anglo-Chinese War. China agreed to open up more ports to trade.
24
June� 1858, Thursday (-31,729) Jean Laguerre, French politician, was
born.
19 June� 1858, Saturday (-31,734) George Alexander, English actor, was born
in Reading.
18 June� 1858, Friday (-31,735)
Charles Darwin received a letter from Alfred Russell Wallace, who had
formulated a theory of evolution through survival of the fittest. This was
close to Darwin�s ideas in his as yet unpublished Origin of the Species.
17
June� 1858, Thursday (-31,736)
16 June� 1858, Wednesday (-31,737) (1) In a
speech at Springfield, Illinois, US Senate candidate Abraham Lincoln said the slavery
issue had to be addressed. He declared �a house divided against itself cannot
stand�.
(2) Gustav V, King of Sweden from 1907 to 1950, was born
the son of Oscar II.
15 June �1858, Tuesday (-31,738)
Christians were massacred in Jeddah.
12
June� 1858, Saturday (-31,241) Sir Henry Johnston, British colonial
administrator, was born.
10
June� 1858, Thursday (-31,243) (Biology)
Robert Brown, botanist, died (born 21 December 1773)
3
June� 1858, Thursday (-31,750) Edward Moxon, British poet, died.
2
June� 1858, Wednesday (-31,751) G B Donati, Italian astronomer,
discovered the comet now named after him.
=====================================================================================
28
May 1858, Friday (-31,756) Russia under Czar Alexander
II acquired from China large swathes of territory, over which they generally
already had de facto control. These included land to the north of the Amur
River and east of thye Ussuri River, to the Pacific coast, also land between
Lake Baikal and the present-day frontier woth western Choina and the NW
Mongolian frontier. Russia was exploiting the weakness of the Chinese State at the
time, with both Eng;land and France waging war against it. This was the Treaty
of Aigun. It was signed by a local Chinese Commander, in the city of Aigun,
locsate edon the Amur River. However the Manchu Dynasty refused to recognise
this Treaty. Then, further incursions into China by the English and French,
even to the looting of the Forbidden City, also the Taiping Rebellion, gave
China little choice but to sign the Treaty of Peking, on 14 November 1860,
affirming the transfer of territories form China to Russia.
17 May 1858, Monday
(-31,767) Ebenezer Henderson, Scottish religious writer, died (born 17
November 1784)
15 May 1858, Saturday
(-31,769) The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, opened for the thrd
time, having twice burnt down.
12 May 1858, Wednesday
(-31,772) Horatio Walker, US artist, was born in Ontario, Canada.
11 May 1858, Tuesday (-31,773) Minnesota
became the 32nd state of the USA.
8
May 1858, Saturday (-31,776)
Heinrich Berte, Hungarian composer, was born in Galgocz (died 25 August 1924 in
Vienna)
4 May 1858, Tuesday (-31,780) Aime
Bonpland, botanist, died (born in La Rochelle 22 August 1773).
3 May 1858, Monday (-31,781) Julien Brizeux, poet, died
(born 12 September 1803)
====================================================================================
28
April 1858, Wednesday (-31,786)
Johannes Muller, German anatomist, died.
24 April 1858, Saturday (-31,790) William
Gregory, chemistry writer, died (born 25 December 1803).
23 April 1858, Friday (-31,791)
Frank Osmond Carr, British composer, was born in Uxbridge (died 29 August 1916
in Uxbridge)
22 April 1858, Thursday (-31,792)
Robert Stephen Rintoul, British journalist who founded The Spectator, died (born 1787 in Perthshire)
20
April 1858, Tuesday (-31,794)
17 April 1858, Saturday (-31,797) James
Dunfermline, British statesman, died (born 7 November 1776).
16 April 1858, Friday (-31,798) Johann
Cramer, English composer, died (born 24 February 1771)
12
April 1858, Monday (-31,802)
Michel Brenet, French musicologist, was born in Luneville (died� 4 November 1918 in Paris)
10
April 1858, Saturday (-31,804) Big
Ben, the bell inside the famous Westminster clock, was cast in Whitechapel,
London. The bell, weighing 13 � tons, was named after Sir Benjamin Hall,
Commissioner for Works, who was a large tall man nicknamed �Big Ben�.
8 April 1858, Thursday (-31,806)
Anton Diabelli, Austrian composer, died in Vienna (born 5 September 1781 in
Mattsee, near Salzburg)
7 April 1858, Wednesday (-31,807)
Davis Dewey, US economics writer, was born.
6 April 1858, Tuesday (-31,808)
Charles Bennett, US scholarly writer, was born in Providence, Rhode Island.
4 April 1858, Sunday (-31,810) Easter Sunday
=====================================================================================
31 March 1858, Wednesday (-31,814) China gave in to British and
French demands for trade concessions.
30 March 1858, Tuesday (-31,815)
William de Wolf Hopper, US actor, was born in New York (died in Kansas City,
Missouri, 23 September 1935)
26
March 1858, Friday (-31,819) William
Thomas Smedley, US artist, was born in Pennsylvania.
20 March 1858, Saturday (-31,825) Johannes Gossner, German preacher and
philanthropist, died (born 14 December 1773).
18 March 1858, Thursday (-31,827) Rudolf Diesel, inventor of the diesel engine, was born in Paris.
16
March 1858, Tuesday (-31,829) Christian
Nees von Esenbeck, botanical writer, died (born 14 February 1776).
13
March 1858, Saturday (-31,832) Felice
Orsini, Italian revolutionary, was executed for his part in the assassination
attempt on Napoleon III in Paris.
11 March 1858, Thursday (-31,834) (India) William Hodson, British cavalry
leader, was killed during the attack on Begum Kotee, Lucknow.
10 March 1858, Wednesday (-31,835) Nathaniel
William Taylor, US religious writer, died in Connecticut (born 23 June 1876 in
Connecticut)
4
March 1858, Thursday (-31,841)
Commodore Perry, US naval officer, died in NHew York City.
===================================================================================
26 February 1858, Friday (-31,847)
Thomas Tooke, English economics writer, died in London
24 February 1858, Wednesday (-31,849)
Arnold Dolmetsch, musicologist, was born in Le Mans (died 28 February 1940 in
haslemere)
21
February 1858. Sunday (-31,852) (1) The
first electric burglar alarm was installed by Edwin T Holmes of Boston
Massachusetts.
(2) Corinth, Greece, was destroyed by an earthquake.
16
February 1858, Tuesday (-31,857) Georg
Creuzer, German historical writer, died (born 10 March 1771).
14 February 1858, Sunday (-31,859) Carl
Marr, US artist, was born.
13 February 1858, Saturday (-31,860) Explorers
John Hanning Speke and Richard Francis Burton became the first Europeans to see
Lake Tangynika.
11
February 1858. Thursday (-31,862)
At Lourdes, a 14 year old
peasant girl, Bernadette Soubirous, claimed to have seen a vision of a lady
surrounded by light in a grotto.
1 February 1858, Monday (-31,872) (Aviation)
Englishman William Dean made the first balloon ascent in Australia, flying for
seven miles over Melbourne.
===================================================================================
31 January 1858, Sunday (-31,873) The
liner Great Eastern, 692 feet long,
with five funnels, built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and John Scott Russell, was
launched at Millwall Docks, London, three months behind schedule.
30 January 1858, Saturday (-31,874)
The Halle Opera in Manchester, England, gave its
first public concert.
28 January 1858, Thursday (-31,876) Herbert Adams, US sculptor (died 21 May .1945)
was born.
25 January 1858, Monday (-31,879) �The
Wedding March�, by Felix Mendelssohn, became popular at weddings after it was
played at the marriage of Queen Victoria�s daughter, Victoria, to Friedrich of
Prussia.
24 January 1858, Sunday (-31,880)
Constance Naden, English author, was born (died 23 December 1889).
23 January 1858, Saturday (-31,881) Luigi
Lablache, French-Italian singer, died (born 6 December 1794).
22 January 1858, Friday (-31,882) Beatrice Webb, founder member
of the Fabian Society, was born.
19
January 1858, Tuesday (-31,885)
Eugene Brieux, French dramatist, was born.
15 January 1858, Friday (-31,889)
Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett, English actress, died (born 1812).
14 January 1858, Thursday (-31,890) An Italian assassin threw a
bomb at French Emperor Napoleon III and Empress Eugenie as they drove to the
Paris Opera. The bomb, thrown by Felici Orsini, missed its target but killed
eight bystanders and injured 100. Orsini planned the attack in London, causing
anti-British sentiment in France. Napoleon III, now convinced of the magnitude
of nationalist sentiment in Italy, invited Count Cavour to the spa town of
Plombieres in the Vosges Mountains where the Plombieres Agreement of July 1858 was worked out. This Agreement
provided that Piedmont would provide 100,000 men along with 200,000 French to
fight Austria. After victory against Austria, three kingdoms would be set up in
Italy. Northern Italy would include Lombardy, Romagna, Sardinia and Venetia.
Central Italy would include Tuscany and the Duchy of Parma; the Papal lands however
would continue under the rule of the Pope. Thirdly, southern Italy, the Kingdom
of the Two Sicilies, would be ruled by Luciano Murat, if its current ruler, Ferdinand
II, abdicated. A secret agreement of 24 January 1859 between France and
Piedmont provided that both would respect the sovereignty of the Pope.
12 January 1858, Tuesday (-31,892) Robert Crewe, English statesman, was born.
6 January 1858, Wednesday (-31,898)
Benjamin Davies, English organist, was born in Pontardawe, near Swansea (died28
March 1943 in Bath)
5 January 1858, Tuesday (-31,899) Joseph
Radedtsky, Austrian Field-Marshal and national hero, died in Milan aged 91.
4 January 1858, Monday (-31,900) Elizabeth
Felix, French actress, died near Nice (born 28 January 1821 in Aargau,
Swittzerland)
3
January 1858, Sunday (-31,901)
2 January 1858, Saturday (-31,902) John
Forbes Royle, British botanist, died in Acton, London (born 1799 in Cawnpore)
1 January 1858, Friday (-31,903) (Britain) John
Britton, English antiquary died (born 7 July 1771).
====================================================================================
15
December 1857, Tuesday (-31,920)
Death of Sir George Cayley, the �Father of British Aeronautics�
11
December 1857, Friday (-31,924)
Francois Castil-Blaize, French composer, died in Paris (born 1 December 1784 in
Cavaillon)
9
December 1857, Wednesday (-31,926)
Edgar Smith, US actor, was born in Brooklyn, New York (died 2 January 1936 in
Atlantic City, New Jersey)
6
December 1857, Sunday (-31,929)
3
December 1857, Thursday (-31,932)
Joseph Conrad, writer, was born.
=====================================================================================
30
November 1857, Monday (-31,935) Bobby
Abel, cricketer, was born (died 10 December 1936).
26 November 1857, Thursday (-31,939) The
Legislative Assembly in Victoria, Australia, proclaimed universal� male suffrage, the first in Australia.
25 November 1857, Wednesday (-31,940) (Race
Equality) Anti-slavery campaigner James Birney died in Perth Amboy, New
Jersey (born in Danville, Kentucky 4 February 1792).
24 November 1857, Tuesday (-31,941) (India) Sir Henry Havelock, British soldier,
died in India.
23 November 1857, Monday (-31,942)
George Smythe, English journalist, died.
22 November 1857, Sunday (-31,943) George
Gissing, English novelist, was born (died 28 December 1903).
19
November 1857, Thursday (-31,946) Albert
Harkness, US scholarly writer, was born.
17
November 1857, Tuesday (-31,948)
Rosa Lucile Caron, French soprano singer, was born in Monerville, Seine et Oise
(died 9 April 1930 in Paris)
2
November 1857, Monday (-31,963) Paul
Hervieu, French novelist, was born,
====================================================================================
28
October 1857, Wednesday (-31,968) Louis
Cavaignac, French General, died (born 15 October 1802)
24
October 1857, Saturday (-31,972) A
group of Cambridge University Old Boys formed the first Football Club, in
Sheffield.
10
October 1857, Saturday (-31,986) The
Nationalist Irish Republican Brotherhood, whose members were known as Fenians,
was founded in New York. Its aim was the
ending of British rule in Itreland.
7
October 1857, Wednesday (-31,989) Louis
McLane, US politician, died (born 28 May 1786)
2 October 1857, Friday (-31,994)
Martinus Theunis Steyn, last President of the Orange Free State, was born in
Winburg, in Orange Free State. His rule ended with the Boer War in 1902.
1 October 1857, Thursday (-31,995)
Marjorie Kennedy-Fraser, Scottish composer, was born in Perth (died 22 November
1930 in Edinburgh)
====================================================================================
30 September 1857, Wednesday (-31,996)
Hermann Sudermann, German dramatist, was born in East Prussia.
25
September 1857, Friday (-32,001) The
British lifted the siege of Lucknow,
ending the Indian Mutiny.
23 September 1857, Wednesday (-32,003) John
Nicholson, administrator im British India, died (born 11 December 1822).
22 September 1857, Tuesday (-32,004) Daniele
Manin, Venetian statesman, died (born 13 May 1804).
20
September 1857, Sunday (-32,006) The
British recaptured Delhi from Indian mutineers.
18 September 1857, Friday (-32,008)
Blanche deschamps-Jehin, French contralto singer,� was born in Lyons (died June 1923 in Paris)
17 September 1857, Thursday (-32,009) (Space
Exploration) Russian physicist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was born in
Izhevsk. In 1985 he proposed the use of liquid-fuelled rockets to propel vehicles
into space.
16 September 1857, Wednesday (-32,010) The tune Jingle Bells by James Pierpoint was copyrighted under its original
title One Horse Open Sleigh. In 1965
it became the first song to be broadcast from space.
15 September 1857, Tuesday (-32,011) William
Howard Taft, American Republican and 27th President, was born in
Cincinnati.
13 September 1857, Sunday (-32,013)
Birth of William Snaveley Hershey, US
chocolate manufacturer who built the world�s largest chocolate factory. He
also established the Hershey Foundation, to promote education.
11 September 1858, Friday (-32,015) The Mountain Meadows Massacre in Utah. 135
migrants on the Fancher wagon train were ambushed, and nearly all killed, by
Pahute Indians; however the Indians were acting under instructions from the
Mormon leader, Brigham Young.
8 September 1857, Tuesday (-32,018) Jean Boissonade, French scholarly writer, died
(born in Paris 12 August 1774).
6 September 1857, Sunday (-32,020) (Science)
Johann Salomo Schweigger, physicist, died in Halle, Germany
5 September 1857, Saturday (-32,021) Auguste
Comte, French philosopher and sociologist, founder of Positivism, died.
===================================================================================
30
August 1857, Sunday (-32,027) The
first railway in Argentina opened, Parque to Floresta.
27
August 1857, Thursday (-32,030) Rufus
Griswold, US writer, died (born 15 February 1815).
19 August 1857, Wednesday (-32,038)
Edgar D�Abernon, British diplomat, was born.
18 August 1857, Tuesday (-32,039) Work began on the 7.5 mile Mont Cenis rail
tunnel under the Alps, linking France and Italy.
12 August 1857, Wednesday (-32,045) Sir John Coode, geologist, died (born 7
June� 1787)
10 August 1857, Monday (-32,047) John Croker, British author, died (born 20
December 1780)
8
August 1857, Saturday (-32,049) Cecile
Chaminade, French composer, was born in Paris (died 18 April 1944 in Monte
Carlo)
5
August 1857, Wednesday (-32,052) Charles
Blomfield, English cleric, died (born in Bury St Edmunds 29 May 1786)
3
August 1857, Monday (-32,054) Eugene
Sue, French novelist, died in Annecy, Savoy (born 20 January 1804 in Paris)
1
August 1857, Saturday (-32,056) Charles
Turner, English engraver, died (born 1773 in Woodstock)
===================================================================================
29
July 1857, Wednesday (-32,059) Thomas
Dick, Scottish writer on astronomy, died (born 24 November 1774).
25 July 1857, Saturday (-32,063)
Nathaniel Goodwin, US actor, was born.
24 July 1857, Friday (-32,064)
Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish aiuthor, was born in Fredericia.
21
July 1857, Tuesday (-32,067)
17 July 1857, Friday (-32,071) In Spain, education for all children aged
from 6 to 9 became compulsory.
16 July 1857, Thursday (-32,072) Pierre
Beranger, French songwriter, died (born in Paris 19 August 1780).
15 July 1857, Wednesday (-32,073) Karl
Czerny, Austrian composer, died (born 21 February 1791).
11
July 1857, Saturday (-32,077) Alfred
Binet, psychologist who invented the IQ test, was born.
9
July 1857, Thursday (-32,079)
Robert Blum, US artist, was born in Cincinnatti, Ohio, (died in New York City 8
June� 1903).
4
July 1857, Saturday (-32,084) Sir
Henry Lawrence, British colonial administrator in India, died (born 28
June� 1806).
2 July 1857, Thursday (-32,086) The
siege of Lucknow began.
1 July 1857, Wednesday (-32,087)
The Leicester to Hitchin railway opened, enabling Midland Railway trains to
reach London on the Great Northern line to Kings Cross.
===================================================================================
30 June 1857, Tuesday (-32,088) Alcide
Orbigny, French palaeontologist, died near St Denis (born 6 September 1802)
29
June 1857, Monday (-32,089)
27 June 1857, Saturday (-32,091) (Sudan)
Sir Rudolf Slatin, Anglo-Austrian soldier and explorer in Sudan, was born near
Vienna (died 1907)
26 June� 1857, Friday (-32,092) The first investiture ceremony of
Victoria Crosses took place, in Hyde Park. 67 servicemen were awarded.
21
June 1857, Sunday (-32,097) Louis
Jacques Thenard, French chemist, died in Paris (born 4 May 1777 in Aube)
19
June 1857, Friday (-32,099)
Francis Job Short, English engraver, was born in Stourbridge, Worcestershire.
8
June� 1857, Monday (-32,110) Douglas Jerrold, English writer, died (born
3 January 1803).
4 June� 1857, Thursday
(-32,114) In the Indian Mutiny, the
British garrison of Kanpur (Cawnpore)
in Uttar Pradesh, northern India, came under siege by Indian rebels against
British rule. After a three-week siege the British, under Sir Hugh Wheeler,
were promised safe passage to Allahabad, on thatched barges. However as they
departed the barges were fired upon, and set ablaze. The survivors were
transferred to a house called the Bibighar, where they were massacred on 15
July 1857 by Indian rebels. 197 died.
2 June� 1857, Tuesday
(-32,116) Sir Edward Elgar, British composer, was born in Broadheath,
near Worcester, the son of a music seller and organist.
==================================================================================
31 May 1857, Sunday (-32,118) Pope Pius XI was born.
30 May 1857, Saturday (-31,119)
Anti-British mutiny at Oudh, India.
28
May 1857, Thursday (-32,121)
Jean Hyde de Neuville, French politician, died (born 24 January 1776).
24 May 1857, Sunday (-32,125) Richard
Mansfield, US actor, was born (died 30 August 1907).
23 May 1857, Saturday (-32,126) Augustin
Cauchy, mathematician, died (born 21 August 1789)
12
May 1857, Tuesday (-32,137) The
New York Infirmary for Women and Children opened in New York.
10
May 1857. Sunday (-32,139) Outbreak of the Indian
(Sepoy) Mutiny in Meerat. On 6 May 1857, 85 men of the 90-strong 3rd
Cavalry Regiment in Meerut had refused to bite off the greased and of the new
cartridges for Lee Enfield rifles, which they claimed contained both pig and
cow fat, so offending both Muslims and Hindus. The British had 24 hours warning of the mutiny but refused to take the
threat seriously. The Indian mutineers seized Delhi on 11 May 1857.
5
May 1857, Tuesday (-32,144)
Heinrich Berte, Austro-Hungarian composer, was born in Galgocz (died 23 August
1924 in Vienna)
2 May 1857, Saturday (-32,147) French inventor Felix du
Temple patented designs for an aircraft with a retractable undercarriage.
1 May 1857, Friday
(-32,148) (Nicaragua) Nicaraguan President William Walker
surrendered to the US Navy. He was wanted for confiscating railway property in
Nicaragua belonging to a company owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt. Eventually he
was executed by the USA in 1860.
==================================================================================
27 April 1857, Monday (-32,152) The Longchamps
horseracing track opened in the Bois de Bolougne, Paris.
22 April 1857, Wednesday (-32,157)
The Parliament in South Australia first opened.
21 April 1857, Tuesday (-32,158)
Paul Dresser, US composer, was born in Terre Haute, Indiana (died 30/11906 in
New York)
20 April 1857, Monday (-32,159) West African Muslim leader Al Hajj Uman besieged
the French fort at Medine, Senegal.
18 April 1857, Saturday (-32,161)
Clarence Darrow, US attorney famous for h9s part in the Scopes �Monkey Trial�,
was born.
12 April 1857, Sunday (-32,167)
Easter Sunday
11 April 1857, Saturday
(-32,168) John Davidson, British writer, was born (died 23 March 1909).
5
April 1857, Sunday (-32,174) (Bulgaria)
Alexander of Battenberg, First Prince of Bulgaria, was born (died 23 October 1893).
1 April 1857, Wednesday
(-32,178) (Railways)
The railway from Charleston to Memphis, USA, opened.
====================================================================================
31 March 1857, Tuesday
(-32,179) Edouard Rod, novelist, was born in Nyon, Switzerland (died
Jamuary 1910)
26 March 1857, Thursday
(-32,184) John Kemble, English scholarly writer, died.
23
March 1857, Monday (-32,187) The first passenger
lift was installed in a department store, in the 5-storey building of E V
Haughwout and Co on Broadway, New York. The elevator system cost US$ 300.
21 March 1857, Saturday
(-32,189) (Earthquake)
Earthquake in Japan killed 107,000.
20 March 1857, Friday
(-32,190) (Geology) Ours Dufrenoy, French
geologist, died (born 5 September 1792).
16 March 1857, Monday (-32,194)
Charles Firth, British historical writer, was born.
8 March 1857, Sunday (-32,202) In
revenge for the killing of several Sioux by a White trader, a band of Sioux
under Chief Inkpaduta this day raided a newly built White settlement near
Spirit Lake, northwestern Iowa. They killed 32 people and took 4 mpore captive.
The Sioux were pursued by troops from Fort Ridgeley, Minnesota, but they failed
to catch them.
7 March 1857, Saturday (-32,203) (Medical)
Julius Wagner von Jauregg was born in Wels, Austria. In 1927 he was awarded the
Nobel prize for his treatment of some forms of paralysis using malaria inoculation
to induce the fever.
6 March 1857, Friday (-32,204) The
United States Supreme Court, in the Dredd Scott Decision, decreed seven to two
that 1) it was unconstitutional for Congress to outlaw slavery in the United
States, and 2) that no slave could claim US citizenship. Dredd Scott was a
slave owned by Elizabeth Blow of Missouri (a slave State), who was subsequently
sold to John Emerson, an army surgeon who took Scott to the free State of
Illinois, and later to Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was outlawed by the
Missouri Compromise of 1820. In 1838 Emerson took Scott back to Missouri. Scott
was in fact set free by his Abolitionist �owners�. The Dredd Scott Decision
only served to inflame the slave/Abolitionist dispute further and probably
hastened on the US Civil War.
5 March 1857, Thursday (-32,205)
4 March 1857, Wednesday (-32,206)
By the Treaty of Paris, Afghanistan�s independence was recognised by Britain
and France, and forced upon Persia.
3 March 1857, Tuesday (-32,207) Britain and France declared war on China,
using the killing of a missionary as a pretext.
=====================================================================================
28
February 1857. Saturday (-32,210) British
and French troops ended their occupation of Piraeus, which began on 26 May 1854.
26
February 1857, Thursday (-32,212)
Charles Monroe Sheldon, US writer, was born.
24
February 1857, Tuesday (-32,214) The
first shipment of perforated postage stamps was received by the US Government.
22
February 1857, Sunday (-32,216) Robert Baden-Powell, British army
officer and founder of the Boy Scouts movement in 1908, was born in London, the
son of an Oxford Professor.
18
February 1857, Wednesday (-32,220)
Francis Ellesmere, English politician, died (born 1 January 1800).
16 February 1857, Monday (-32,222)
Elisha Kane, US geographical writer, died.
15 February 1857, Sunday (-32,223) Russian
composer Mikhail Glinka died in Berlin.
12
February 1857, Thursday (-32,226)
Robert Peel, cricketer, was born (died 12 August 1941).
7
February 1857, Saturday (-32,231) Alfred
Lyttelton, cricketer, was born (died 5 July 1913).
2
February 1857, Monday (-32,236)
Charles Davis, US landscape painter, was born.
=====================================================================================
25 January 1857, Sunday (-32,244) Albert
Schwegler, German religious writer, died (born in Wurttemberg 10 February 1819)
24 January 1857, Saturday (-32,245) Calcutta (Kolkata) University was founded.
23 January 1857, Friday (-32,246) (Geology)
Andrija Mohorovicic was born in Volosko, Yugoslavia. In 1909 he discovered the
boundary in the Earth�s crust 30 km down where earthquake waves change. This
Mohorovicic Discontinuity is the boundary between the crust and mantle.
20
January 1857, Tuesday (-32,249) The
Wiltshire Somerset & Weymouth Railway was extended to Weymouth.
11
January 1857. Sunday (-32,258) Birth
of Henry Gordon Selfridge,
founder of Britain�s first large department store. Also on this day was born
the champion jockey Fred Archer.
7
January 1857, Wednesday (-32,262)
The London Central Omnibus Company began running a London bus service. See 30 August 1860.
5
January 1857, Monday (-32,264)
David Bispham, US baritone singer, was born in Philadelphia (died 2 October
1921 in New York)
1 January 1857, Thursday (-32,268)
===================================================================================
28 December 1856, Sunday (-32,272)
Woodrow Wilson, American Democrat and 28th
President 1913-21, was born in Staunton, Virginia, the son of a Presbyterian
Minister.
23 December 1856, Tuesday (-32,277)
James Buchanan Duke, US industrialist, was born in Durham, North Carolina (died
10 October 1925 in New York).
22 December 1856, Monday (-32,278) Frank B Kellogg, US
politician, was born.
18
December 1856, Thursday (-32,282)
Sir Joseph John Thomson, discoverer of the electron, was born in Cheetham
Hill near Manchester.� He was the son of
a bookseller.
16
December 1856, Tuesday (-32,284) Narcisse
Achille Salvandy, French politician, died (born in Gers 11 June 1795)
13
December 1856, Saturday (-32,287) Abbott
Lowell, US educationalist writer, was born.
8
December 1856, Monday (-32,292)
(Alcohol) Theobald Mathew, Irish Temperance preacher, died (born 10 October
1790).
1 December 1856, Monday (-32,299) First
railway in Sweden opened; Gothenburg to Jonsered and Malmo to Lund.
=====================================================================================
29 November 1856, Saturday (-32,301) (Cartography)
Frederick Beechey, English explorer and cartographer, died (born in London 17
February 1796).
23
November 1856, Sunday (-32,307) Joseph
Hammer-Purgstall, German orientalist writer, died (born 9 June 1774).
9
November 1856, Sunday (-32,321) John
Clayton, US politician, died (born 24 July 1796).
4 November 1856, Tuesday (-32,326)
Ernest Crosby, US writer, was born (died 1907).
3 November 1856, Monday (-32,327)
Marcelino Menendez y Pelayo, Spanish scholarly writer, was born.
2 November 1856, Sunday (-32,328) Samuel
Hoar, US lawyer, died (born 18 May 1778)
1 November 1856, Saturday (-32,329) Britain
declared war on Persia, after Persia invaded Afghanistan to try and recover
Herat. In 1/1857 Britain seized the port of Bushehr, and Persia sued for peace
in 3/1857. Britain made no demands on Persia except that it withdraw from all
Afghan territory.
=====================================================================================
31
October 1856, Friday (-32,330)
29 October 1856, Wednesday (-32,332) (Science) Paul Curie, physicist, was born.
28 October 1856, Tuesday (-32,333) First railway in Portugal opened; Lisbon to
Carregado, 39 km.
27 October 1856, Monday
(-32,334) Kenyon Cox, US painter, was born in Ohio.
24 October 1856, Friday (-32,337) Pieter
Melvill van Carnbee, Dutch cartographer of the East Indies, died (born 20 May 1816)
19 October 1856, Sunday (-32,342) George
Adam Smith, Scottish religious writer, was born in Kolkata.
12 October 1856, Sunday (-32,349) Richard
Guyon, General in the Hungarian Revolutionary Army, died
9 October 1856, Thursday (-32,352) (Geology)
Charles Beecher, UA palaeontologist, was born in Dunkirk, New York (died 14
February 1904).
====================================================================================
30 September 1856, Tuesday (-32,361)
Joseph Reinach, French author, was born in Paris.
28 September 1856, Sunday
(-32,363) Franz Movers, German religious writer, died (born 17 July 1806).
27 September 1856, Saturday
(-32,364) Karl Peters, German explorer of Africa, was born in Neuhaus.
25 September 1856, Thursday (-32,366)
24 September 1856, Wednesday
(-32,367) Henry Hardinge, British colonial Governor-General of India, died
(born 30 March 1785).
23 September 1856, Tuesday
(-32,368) William Archer, English writer, was born in Perth.
20 September 1856, Saturday (-32,371) John
Brown, Scottish writer, died (born 23 February 1817)
12 September 1856, Friday (-32,379)
William Sharp, Scottish poet, was born in Paisley (died 12 December 1905)
2 September 1856, Tuesday
(-32,389) Jeremiah Jenks, US economist, was born.
1 September 1856, Monday
(-32,390) The Frome to Yeovil railway opened.
===================================================================================
27
August 1856, Wednesday (-32,395)
The first Australian parliamentary election held by secret ballot took
place in Victoria, Australia.
25 August 1856, Monday (-32,397) William
Clarke, cricketer, died (born 24 December 1798)
24 August 1856, Sunday (-32,398) William
Buckland, geologist, died (born 12 March 1784)
21
August 1856, Thursday (-32,401)
19 August 1856, Tuesday (-32,403) (Chemistry)
Charles Frederic Gerhardt, chemist, died
18 August 1856, Monday (-32,404) Condensed
milk was patented.
17 August 1856, Sunday (-32,405) Constant
Prevost, French geologist, born 4 June� 1787,
died.
15 August 1856, Friday (-32,407) Kier Hardie, Labour leader, was born
near Holytown, Lanarkshire.� He helped
found the Labour Party.
8 August 1856, Friday (-32,414)
Thomas Guthrie, English novelist, was born.
7 August 1856, Thursday (-32,415)
The Ayr to Dalmellington railway opened to passengers.
6
August 1858, Wednesday (-32,416)
5 August 1856, Tuesday (-32,417) Robert
Lucas de Pearsall, English composer, died (born 14 March 1795)
4 August 1856, Monday (-32,418)
Isaac Weld, Irish topographical writer, died (born 15 March 1774).
3 August 1856, Sunday (-32,419) London was divided into
postal districts to speed up the mail delivery.
1
August 1856, Friday (-32,421)
===================================================================================
31 July 1856, Thursday (-32,422)
John Henry Hodges, cricketer for Australia, was born in Collingwood, Victoria
(died 22 April 1899 in Sydney)
30 July 1856, Wednesday (-32,423)
Viscount Richard Burdon Haldane (British Army) was born.
29 July 1856, Tuesday (-32,424) Robert
Schumann, German composer, died in an asylum near Bonn.
26
July 1856, Saturday (-32,427) George Bernard Shaw, playwright, was
born in Dublin. A failed novelist, he was 36 when his first play, Widower�s
Houses, was performed.
22
July 1856, Tuesday (-32,431)
Charles St John, English author, died near Southampton (born 3 December 1809)
12
July 1856, Saturday (-32,441) Natal
was made a British colony.
10 July 1856, Thursday (-32,443)
Nikola Tesla was born.� His father,
the Reverend Milutin Tesla, was a Greek Orthodox priest, and his mother Duka
Mandic was the daughter of a priest who made handcraft tools.
9 July 1856, Wednesday (-32,444) (Science)
Amedeo Avogadro, Count of Quarenga, died in Turin, Italy
2
July 1856, Wednesday (-32,451) Thomasine
Gyllembourg, Danish writer, died (born 9 November 1773).
===================================================================================
30
June� 1856, Monday (-32,453) The Salisbury to Warminster railway opened.
22
June� 1856, Sunday (-32,461) Henry Haggard, English novelist was born.
11
June� 1856, Wednesday (-32,472) Friedrich Hagen, German scholarly
writer, died (born 19 February 1780).
====================================================================================
31
May 1856, Saturday (-32,483) Easter
Sunday. Daniel Sharpe, English geologist, died (born in Marylebone, London 6
April 1806)
27
May 1856, Tuesday (-32,487) At
Fort Lane, where the Oregon indigenous Americans were supposed to formally
surrender to the US Army (after attacks by White settlers on their villages in
the Red River area of Oregon through 1855, to seize their lands), the Indians
instead attacked the soldiers. The next day (28/5) US reinforcements arrived
and the Indians fled. However within a month they had surrendered and were
herded into Pacific Coast Reservations.
24
May 1856, Saturday(-32,490) (USA)
Slavery Abolitionist John Brown led a raid on pro-slavery men at Pottawaomie
Creek, Kansas.
22 May 1856, Thursday (-32,492) James
Gates Percival, US poet, died in Wisconsin (born 15 September 1795 in
Connecticut)
21 May 1856, Wednesday (-32,493) The
town of Lawrence, Kansas, was sacked by a pro-slavery mob who wanted to pack the
Kansas Legislature with pro-slavers, inspired by Stephen A Douglas.
6 May 1856, Tuesday
(-32,508) (1) Sigmund Freud,
Austrian pioneer of psychoanalysis, was born in Freiburg, Moravia.
(2) Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer, was born in
Cresson Springs, Pennsylvania.
3
May 1856, Saturday (-32,511)
Adolphe Adam, French composer (born 24 July 1803) died.
==================================================================================
25 April 1856, Friday (-32,519) Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, or Lewis Carroll,
met the young Alice Liddell, who was the inspiration for his Alice books.
24 April 1856, Thursday (-32,520)
Philippe Petain, French Army Marshall, was born in Cuchy a la Tour.
23 April 1856, Wednesday (-32,521)
Arthur Hadley, US economics writer, was born.
22 April 1856, Tuesday
(-32,522) The first railway bridge to cross the Mississippi River opened
between Rock Island, Illinois and Davenport, Iowa. Boat operators on the
Mississippi mounted an unsuccessful legal challenge, claiming that the bridge
was a nuisance.
21 April 1856, Monday (-32,523) The
Adelaide to Port Adelaide railway, Australia, opened.
18
April 1856, Friday (-32,526)
Aldershot Camp was publically inaugurated by Queen Victoria.
15
April 1856, Tuesday (-32,529)
Jean Moreas, French poet, was born (died 31 March 1910).
11
April 1856, Friday (-32,533) Arthur
Shrewsbury, cricketer, was born (died 19 May 1903).
7 April 1856, Monday (-32,537) The
Perth to Dunkeld railway opened.
6 April 1856, Sunday (-32,538) Adolphe
Monod, French religious writer, died (born 21 January 1802).
==================================================================================
30
March 1856, Sunday (-32,545) (Russia,
Finland)
The Treaty of Paris ended the Crimean War. Russia agreed to demilitarise
the Black Sea, demolishing its naval bases at Sevastopol and three other locations. It also renounced its claim
to protect the Holy Places in Palestine.�
Russia ceded a part of Bessarabia, forcing it back from the Danube River.
The Treaty also stipulated that the Aland
Islands should not be fortified, by the army or navy. This allayed British
fears over threats to its trade in the Baltic, see Russia-1854.
23
March 1856, Sunday (-32,552) Easter
Sunday
20 March 1856, Thursday
(-32,555) Frederick Winslow Taylor,
the inventor of modern scientific time-management, was born.
9 March 1856, Sunday
(-32,566) (Chemistry)
Edward Goodrich Acheson was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, USA. In 1891 he
discovered a process for making carborundum (silicon carbide), a material
almost as hard as diamond.
8 March 1856, Saturday
(-32,567) Tom Roberts, painter, was born.
7 March 1856, Friday
(-32,568)
6 March 1856, Thursday
(-32,569) The Maryland Agricultural College, now University of Maryland,
received its Charter.
5 March 1856, Wednesday (-32,570) London�s Covent Garden Opera
House was destroyed by fire.
1
March 1856, Saturday (-32,574)
==================================================================================
28 February 1856, Thursday (-32,576)
Marie Brema, English mezzo singer, was born in Liverpool (died 22 march 1925 in
Manchester)
27 February 1856, Wednesday (-32,577)
Agnes Duclaux, English poet, was born.
24
February 1856, Sunday (-32,580) Nicolas
Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician, died (born 2 November 1793)
22
February 1856, Friday (-32,582) The
Sacramento to Folsom railway, California, 35.4 km, opened.
18 February 1856, Monday (-32,586)
Abdul Mejid, the Ottoman Sultan, issued the Hatt-i-Humayun Edict. This
guaranteed full civic rights for his Christian subjects, abolished torture and
reformed prisons. These reforms were effectively forced upon the Sultan by the
western European Allies.
17 February 1856, Sunday (-32,587) John
Braham, English vocalist, died.
15
February 1856. Friday (-32,589)
Birth of Emil Kraepelin, pyschiatrist who differentiated schizophrenia and
,manic-depressive illness.
13
February 1856, Wednesday (-32,591) The
Annexation of Awadh (Oudh) by the British East India Company. The loss of
rights by hereditary landowners caused resentment which contributed to the
Indian Mutiny.
10
February 1856, Sunday (-32,594) Sir
William Henry Sleeman, British colonial administrator in India, died (born 8
August 1788 in Stratton, Cornwall)
7
February 1856, Thursday (-32,597) The
Tasmanian Parliament became the first in the world to pass legislation (Electoral
Act 1856) providing for elections by a secret ballot.
1
February 1856, Friday (-32,603) Russia
agreed to preliminary peace conditions for ending the Crimean War.
==================================================================================
29 January 1856, Tuesday (-32,606) Queen
Victoria instituted the Victoria Cross,
Britain�s highest military decoration. Awarded for conspicuous bravery or great
devotion to duty. The award was backdated to 1854 to cover the Crimean War; on 26 June 1856 62 men
were given the Victoria Cross for deeds during this war. The VC has been
awarded 1,354 times since then, to 2002, but has only been given posthumously
since 1920. It has been awarded only 11 times since 1945, the last 2 being in
the Falklands War of 1982. The medal is made of metal from Russian guns
captured in the Crimean War.
28 January 1856, Monday (-32,607)
Reuben Archer Torrey, US evangelist, was born in Hoboken, New Jersey.
22
January 1856, Tuesday (-32,613)
Walter Gay, US artist, was born.
12 January 1856, Saturday (-32,623) Henry
Goulburn, English statesman, died (born 19 March 1784)
11 January 1856, Friday (-32,624) Friedrich
Schneidewin, German scholarly writer, died in Gottingen (born 6 June 1810 in
Helmstedt)
6
January 1856, Sunday (-32,629) Robert
Bochsa, French composer, died in Sydney, Australia (born 9 August 1789 in
Montmedi)
4
January 1856, Friday (-32,631)
Pierre David, sculptor, died (born 12 March 1789)
1 January 1856, Tuesday (-32,634)
===================================================================================
31
December 1855, Monday (-32.635) Karl
Hermann, German scholarly writer, died (born 4 August 1804).
26
December 1855, Wednesday (-32,640) August
Follen, German poet, died (born 21 January 1794).
20
December 1855, Thursday (-32,646) Thomas
Cubitt, English builder, died (born 25 February 1788)
18
December 1855, Tuesday (-32,648)
Jacques Charles Francois Sturm, French mathematician, died in Paris (born 29
September 1803 in Geneva)
15 December 1855, Saturday (-32,651)
Maurice Bouchor, French poet, was born in Paris.
14 December 1855, Friday (-32,652)
Henry Trotere (Trotter), British composer, was born in London (died 10 April 1912)
11
December 1855, Tuesday (-32,653)
Julian Edwards, British composer, was born in Manchester (died 5 September 1910
in Yonkers, New York)
==================================================================================
23
November 1855, Friday (-32,673) Mexico
enacted the Ley (Law) Juarez, removing the privelige of clergy to be tried
solely by ecclesiastical courts, and a similar privelige enjoyed by the
military was also removed. The clergy protested, and s9okme church property was
confiscated by thye State; this confiscation was subsequently partially
reversed.
17 November 1855, Saturday (-32,679) The
Scottish explorer David Livingstone discovered, on the River Zambezi, a large
waterfall. He called it the Victoria Falls.
16 November 1855, Friday (-32,680)
Josef Lauff, German poet, was born.
15 November 1855, Thursday (-32,681)
Frank Kidson, British folk song collector, was born in Leeds (died 7 November 1926
in Leeds)
11
November 1855, Sunday (-32,685) Earthquake
hit Edo (now Tokyo), Japan. 6,700 were killed.
3
November 1855, Saturday (-32,693) Francois
Rude, French sculptor, died (born in Dijon 4 June 1784)
1
November 1855, Thursday (-32,695)
Guido Adler, Czech-German musicologist, was born in Moravia (died 15 February
1941 in Vienna)
==================================================================================
30
October 1855, Tuesday (-32,697)
Lord Desborough, Olympics administrator, was born (died 9 January 1945).
22
October 1855, Monday (-32,705) Sir
William Molesworth, English politician, died.
17 October 1855, Wednesday
(-32,710) Henry Bessemer
patented a steel-making process.
15 October 1855, Monday (-32,712) Desire Batton, French
composer, died in Versailles (born 2 January 1798 in Paris)
5 October 1855, Friday (-32,722) Sir Thomas Mitchell, Scottish
explorer of Australia, died (born 16 July 1792).
1 October 1855, Monday (-32,726) (Africa)
Edward Flegel, German explorer of Africa, was born (died 11 September 1886)
===================================================================================
30 September 1855, Sunday (-32,727) Edward Solomon, British composer, was born in
London (died 25 January 1895 in London)
28
September 1855, Friday (-32,729) George Brush, US painter, was born.
26
September 1855, Wednesday (-32,731) (Railways)
The first railway in New South Wales opened, Sydney to Parramatta.
24 September 1855, Monday (-32,733) General Carrera, provisional
President of Mexico, proved too centralist and was replaced by Alvarez.
18 September 1855, Tuesday (-32,739) Robert Horton, British
divine, was born.
13 September 1855, Thursday (-32,744) Johann
Engelhardt, German religious writer, died (born 12 November 1791).
12 September 1855, Wednesday (-32,745) Simon Napoleon Parent,
Canadian politician, was born in Quebec province.
11 September 1855, Tuesday (-32,746) During the Crimean
War, the Russian Black Sea port of Sevastopol fell to Anglo-French forces after an 11 month siege.
The Russians demolished the fort as they abandoned it. However the Allies were
unable to occupy the port facilities before winter set in and British troops
faced a second winter in the Crimea.
9
September 1855, Sunday (-32,748) Houston
Chamberlain, writer, was born in Portsmouth (died 9 January 1927 in Bayreuth).
6
September 1855, Thursday (-32,751)
Julius L Stewart, US artist, was born in Philadelphia.
3
September 1855, Monday (-32,754) (London)
The last Bartholomews fair was held in London. It was first held on 24 August 1133.
It grew to be a huge national market, the main centre for cloth sales in
England. However by the 1850s it had become a magnet for thieves and muggers,
and the event was disapproved of by the upper classes in London.
====================================================================================
30 August 1855, Thursday (-32,758)
Feargus Edawrd O�Connor, Irish Chartist, died (born 1794).
29 August 1855, Wednesday (-32,759) An
accident on the Camden and Amboy Railway near Burlington, New Jersey, USA,
killed 21 and injured 75.
18
August 1855, Saturday (-32,770) Abbott
Lawrence, US statesman, died (born 16 December 1792).
16
August 1855, Thursday (-32,772) Battle
of Chermaia, in the Crimean War; the Russians were defeated by a combined force
of British troops and Piedmontese soldiers sent by Count Cavour of Savoy.
11
August 1854, Saturday (-32,777) Macedonio
Melloni, Italian physicist, died (born 11 April 1798).
3
August 1855, Friday (-32,785)
Henry Bunner, US writer, was born (died 11 May 1896).
======================================================================================
30
July 1855, Monday (-32,789)
Georg Wilhelm von Seimens, German industrialist, was born.
25
July 1855, Wednesday (-32,794)
Tony Hart, comedian, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts (died in Worcester 4
November 1891)
21
July 1855, Saturday (-32,798) Daniel
Atterbom, Swedish poet, died.
18
July 1855, Wednesday (-32,801) Samuel
Rogers, English poet, died in London (born 30 July 1763 in Newington Green,
London
8 July 1855, Sunday (-32,811) Sir
William Edward Parry, British explorer of the Arctic, died.
7 July 1855, Saturday (-32,812) (Earthquake)
Earthquake in northern Persia killed 40,000 people.
4
July 1855. Wednesday (-32,815)
New York became the 13th state to ban the production or sale of
alcoholic beverages.
1 July 1855, Sunday (-32,818) A labourer�s wage was 3s 9d a
week.� More skilled workers such as
bricklayers, carpenters, and masons earned 6s 8d a week, and engineers got 7s
6d a week.� 2lb (0.9 kg) bread cost 4d,
as did 2 to 4 pints of beer (depending on quality).
===================================================================================
30 June� 1855, Saturday (-32,819) In
Britain, the Newspaper Stamp Tax was abolished.
29 June� 1855, Friday (-32,820) The Daily Telegraph was first
published, in London.� The first editor
was Alfred Bate Richards.
28 June� 1855, Thursday (-32,821) Lord Raglan, British Army officer
and commander of the expeditionary force in the Crimea, died.
24
June� 1855, Sunday (-32,825) Johann Flugel, German writer, died (born 22
November 1788).
11
June� 1855, Monday (-32,838) The last market for live animals was held
at Smithfield, London. Thereafter live animals were traded further north, at
Copenhagen Fields. Central London Meat Market (Smithfield) was begun in 1862
and opened for meat trading in 1868.
2 June� 1855, Saturday (-32,847) Thomas Gaisford, English scholarly writer, died
(born 22 December 1779).
1 June� 1855, Friday (-32,848) The railway from Gloucester via Ross to
Hereford opened.
=====================================================================================
31
May 1855, Thursday (-42,849)
30 May 1855, Wednesday (-42,850) Marshall
Brooks, athletics (high jump) was born (died 5 January 1944)
29 May 1855, Tuesday (-42,851)
Percy Smythe, writer, died.
24
May 1855, Thursday (-42,856)
Sir Arthur Wing Pinero, English dramatist, was born in London
21
May 1855, Monday (-42,859)
Emile Verhaeren, Belgian poet, was born near Antwerp.
13
May 1855, Sunday (-42,867) Teresa
Belloc, Italian trenor singer, died (born 2 July 1784)
10
May 1855, Thursday (-42,870) The
Bunsen Burner was invented by German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.
=====================================================================================
30
April 1855, Monday (-32,880) Sir
Henry Bishop, composer, died (born in London 18 November 1786)
18
April 1855, Wednesday (-32,892)
(alcoholic drinks) The classification of the wine estates of Bordeaux,
according to quality of wine produced, was agreed.
16
April 1855, Monday (-32,894)
(Internat)
The Declaration of Paris was signed.
11
April 1855, Wednesday (-32,899)
London�s first six �pillar boxes� were installed, and were painted green.
8 April 1855, Sunday (-32,902)
Easter Sunday
2 April 1855, Monday
(-32,908) George Greenough, English geologist, died (born 18 January 1778).
1 April 1855, Sunday
(-32,909) Icelandic trade was made completely free, open to anybody, not
just Danish citizens.
====================================================================================
31 March 1855, Saturday (-32,910) Charlotte
Bronte, oldest of the three literary sisters, died during pregnancy.
30 March 1855, Friday (-32,911) Afghan leader Dost Mohammed
signed a peace treaty ending 12 years of hostility with Britain. This
agreement, the Treaty of Peshawar, was intended to thwart a Persian occupation
of Afghanistan.
26
March 1855, Monday (-32,915) Jean
Lacretelle, historical writer, died (born 3 September 1766).
21
March 1855, Wednesday (-32,920) (Denmark) Trade between the Faroe Islands and the
rest of the world was opened to all. Until this date this trade had been a
monopoly, first of a merchant house in Copenhagen, then of the Danish
Government.
13
March 1855, Tuesday (-32,928) Percival
Lowell, US astronomer, was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
10
March 1855, Saturday (-32,931) (Spain) Don Carlos, claimant to the Spanish throne,
died (born 29 March 1788).
2
March 1855, Friday (-32,939) Tsar
Nicholas I of Russia died during hostilities during the Crimean War.� His successor, Alexander was more disposed to
make peace with Britain, but negotiations broke down.
=====================================================================================
27
February 1855, Tuesday (-32,942) Jakub
Schikaneder, Bohemian painter, was born (died 15 November 1924).
23 February 1855, Friday (-32,946) (Mathematics)
Johann Karl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, died in Gottingen, Germany
22 February 1855, Thursday (-32,947) 13 gold diggers were acquitted of rioting
and manslaughter in Melbourne, Australia after fighting broke out at the Eureka
gold mine. In 1854, at the Eureka Stockade, Ballarat, New South Wales, armed
gold prospectors fought with a combined military and police force; 30 gold
miners and 5 policemen died. Miners objected to an expensive licence imposed by
the Australian Government, Public opinion went behind the miners, and juries
refused to convict them, causing the Government to back down over the issue.
21 February 1855, Wednesday
(-32,948)
20 February 1855, Tuesday
(-32,949) Joseph Hume, British politician, died (born 22 January 1777).
19 February 1855, Monday (-32,950) Bread riots broke out in Liverpool.
18 February 1855, Sunday (-32,951) Jean
Jusserand, French author, was born.
11 February 1855, Sunday (-32,958) Kassa Hailu crowned as Tewodros II, Emperor
of Ethiopia.
9 February 1855, Friday (-32,960) Mysterious hoof-prints appeared in
the snow in Devon, as if a two legged creature had walked 100 miles over
fields, walls, and roof-tops. No explanation was ever found.
6
February 1855, Tuesday (-32,963) Whig/Liberal
Lord Palmerston became Prime Minister. He succeeded Lord Aberdeen, who resigned
on 20 January 1855.
4
February 1855, Sunday (-32,965) Gottfried
Lucke, German religious writer, died (born 24 August 1791).
1
February 1855, Thursday (-32,968) Claus
Harms, German religious writer, died (born 25 May 1778).
====================================================================================
28 January 1855, Sunday (-32,972)
The 47-mile Panama Railway, linking the
Atlantic and Pacific across the Isthmus of Panama, opened.
26 January 1855, Friday (-32,974) (Italy)
The Piedmont Prime Minister, Count Cavour, anxious to secure Franco-British
support in the cause of Italian Unification, sent troops to join in the Croimean
war against Russia.
25 January 1855, Thursday (-32,975) Gerard
de Nerval, French writer, died (born 22 May 1808).
24 January 1855, Wednesday (-32,976)
Charles Henry Niehaus, US sculptor, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.
23 January 1855, Tuesday (-32,977) Julius
Hare, English religious writer, died (born 13 September 1795)
21
January 1855, Sunday (-32,979)
20 January 1855, Saturday (-32,980) Ernest
Chausson, French composer, was born in Paris (died 10 June 1899 in Limay)
19 January 1855, Friday (-32,981) Jean
Guerin, French painter, died (born 25 March 1783).
10
January 1855, Wednesday (-32,990)
Mary Mitford, English novelist, died.
5
January 1855, Friday (-32,995) King Camp Gillette, American
inventor of the safety razor, was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.
3
January 1855, Wednesday (-32,997) Janos
Maljath, Hungarian historical writer, died (born 5 October 1786).
1 January 1855, Monday (-32,999)
===================================================================================
31
December 1854, Sunday (-33,000) William
Peall, billiards champion, was born (died 6 June 1952)
23 December 1854, Saturday (-33,008) Earthquake
in Shikoku, Japan, 3,000 killed.
22 December 1854, Friday (-33,009)
Benedict Fogelberg, Swedish sculptor, died (born 8 August 1786).
19
December 1854, Tuesday (-33,012)
14 December 1854, Thursday (-33,017) Leonard
Faucher, French political writer, died (born 8 September 1803).
13 December 1854, Wednesday (-33,018)
GH Chirgwin, British singer, was born in Seven Dials, London (died 14 November 1922
in London)
11
December 1854, Monday (-33,030)
9 December 1854, Saturday (-33,022) Joao
Garrett, Portuguese poet, died (born 1799).
8 December 1854. Friday (-33,023) Pope
Pius IX settled an ancient controversy by declaring that Christ�s mother, Mary,
was free of all sin the moment she was born.
5
December 1854, Tuesday (-33,026)
3 December 1854, Sunday (-33,028) The
Eureka Stockade incident. 150 gold miners, or �diggers�, resisted the military
behind a wooden stockade. See 22/ February 1855.
2 December 1854, Saturday (-33,029) Austria
formed a strategic alliance with Britain and France.
====================================================================================
30
November 1854, Thursday (-33,031)
The Frenchman Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained, from the Egyptian ruler Said
Pasha, a 99-year concession to build a canal between the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean.
25
November 1854, Saturday (-33,036) John
Kitto, English Biblical writer, died (born 4 December 1804).
18 November 1854, Saturday (-33,043) Edward
Forbes, British scientific writer, died (12 February 1815).
17 November 1854, Friday (-33,044) The
Suez Canal Company was formed in Egypt.
15
November 1854, Wednesday (-33,046)
14 November 1854, Tuesday (-33,047) The
railway from Snow Hill, Birmingham, to Wolverhampton opened.
13 November 1854, Monday (-33,048) The
Necropolis Railway, London Waterloo to Brookwood Cemetery, opened
12 November 1854, Sunday (-33,049) Charles
Kemble, actor, died
11 November 1854, Saturday (-33,050)
Mussolini�s father, Alessandro, was born in Montemaggiore, close to Predappio.
8
November 1854, Wednesday (-33,053)
6 November 1854, Monday (-33,055) John
Philip Sousa, composer, inventor of the sousaphone (a sort of large tuba), was
born.
5 November 1854, Sunday (-33,056) The
combined English and French armies defeated the Russians at the Battle of Inkerman, in the Crimean
War. British forces now spent their first winter in the Crimea, poorly
supplied. Public opinion in Britain began to turn against the war, outraged by
daily reports in The Times from war
correspondent W H Russell.
4 November 1854, Saturday (-33,057) Florence Nightingale arrived at
Scutari.
3 November 1854, Friday (-33,058) (Biology)
Jokichi Takamine was born in Takaoka, Japan. In 1901 he artificially
synthesised adrenaline.
===================================================================================
31
October 1854, Tuesday (-33,061) (Egypt) Johann Erman, Egyptologist, was born.
27 October 1854, Friday (-33,065) Sir
William Smith, Scottish founder of the Boys Brigade movement in Glasgow in
1883, was born.
26 October 1854, Thursday (-33,066) US
entrepreneur CW Post was born.
25 October 1854, Wednesday (-33,067) Battle of Balaclava and the Charge
of the Light Brigade, led by Lord Cardigan. The Russians were attacking a
combined force of English, French, and Turks, who were themselves besieging Sevastopol. Of the 607 who rode out,
only 198 returned. In poor visibility, Lord Raglan noted that the Russians, at
the north end of a valley, were attempting to move some guns, and ordered the
Light Brigade to capture them; he was unaware of other Russian artillery along
the valley. However the British and
French won the battle in the end.
24 October 1854, Tuesday (-33,068) Sir
Horace Curzon Plunkett, Irish politician, was born
23 October 1854, Monday (-33,069)
William Lamb Picknell, US landscape painter, was born in Vermont (died 8 August
1897 in Massachusetts)
22 October 1854, Sunday (-33,070) Milan
Obrenovich IV, King of Serbia, was born.
21 October 1854, Saturday (-33,071)
Leonard Ochtman, US painter, was born in Zonnemaire, Holland.
20 October 1854, Friday (-33,072) Jean
Arthur Rimbaud, French poet, was born in Charleville (died 10 November 1891in
Marseilles)
19
October 1854, Thursday (-33,073)
18 October 1854, Wednesday (-33,074) (Sweden)
Salomon August Andree, Swedish engineer, was born in Grenna.
17 October 1854, Tuesday (-33,075) The
Allies (French and British) laid siege to the Russians at Sevastopol.
16 October 1854, Monday (-33,076) Oscar Wilde, Irish author and
playwright, was born in Dublin, the son of a surgeon.
15 October 1854, Sunday (-33,077)
14 October 1854, Saturday (-33,078) The first baby show was held, at
Springfield, Ohio. There were127 exhibits.
13 October 1854, Friday (-33,079)
William Mitchell, billiards champion, was born.
10
October 1854, Tuesday (-33,082)
Jeronimo Gimenez, Spanish composer, was born in Seville (died 19 February 1923
in Madrid)
7
October 1854, Saturday (-33,085) (South Africa) Christian de Wet, Boer General,
was born.
====================================================================================
29
September 1854, Friday (-33,093) Jacques
Saint Arnaud, Marshal of France, died (born in Paris 20 August 1801)
27 September 1854, Wednesday (-33,095)
The Lady Isabella waterwheel at Laxey, Isle of Man was completed.� It was the largest in the UK, at 72 foot 6
inches in diameter, and was once used for draining a lead mine.
26 September 1854, Tuesday (-33,096) Thomas
Denman, English Judge, died (born 23 July 1779).
20
September 1854, Wednesday (-33,102)
The Allies, on the banks of the River Alma, gained a major victory over a 40,000 strong Russian force in the Crimean
War; 2,000 British casualties
14 September 1854, Thursday (-33,108) Allied French and British troops landed in the Crimea.
12 September 1854, Tuesday (-33,110) The Flinders Street to Port Melbourne
railway opened, the first steam railway in Australia.
1
September 1854, Friday (-33,121) (Railways)
First railway in Norway opened, Oslo (Christiania) to Eidsvoll, 70 km.
============================================================================
20
August 1854, Sunday (-33,133) 27
January 1775, Friday (-62,192) Friedrich Schelling, German philosopher, died in
Bad Rogaz (born 27 January 1775 in Wurttemberg)
8 August 1854, Tuesday (-33, 145)
Britain and France put forward the
Vienna Four Points they considered essential for a peace settlement with Russia
in the Crimean War. These were, firstly guarantees of the independence of
Serbia, secondly free passage for vessels along the Danube, thirdly a revision
of the Straits Convention, and fourthly that Russia abandoned its claim to a
protectorate over the Sultan of Turkey�s Christian subjects. Russia rejected
these terms.
7 August 1854, Monday (-33,146) Charles Dickens� tenth book,
Hard Times, was published in entirety.
4
August 1854. Friday (-33,149) Japan
adopted the Hinomaru � a red sun on a white background � as its official naval
flag. The symbol dates back to the 12th century when it was displayed by trhe
Samurai on their fans.
2
August 1854, Wednesday (-33,151)
Francis Crawford, US author, was born (died 9 April 1909).
====================================================================================
31
July 1854, Monday (-33,153) The
North Eastern Railway (NER) was formed by an amalgamation of the York &
North Midland, the Leeds Northern and the York Newcastle and Berwick Railways.
The NER absorbed the Stockton and Darlington Railway on 1 July 1863.
13 July 1854, Thursday (-33,171) (Egypt)
Abbas I, Khedive of Egypt, was murdered, aged 41. He was succeeded by his
uncle, 32-year old Said Pasha.
12 July 1854, Wednesday (-33,172)
George Eastman, USA photographic pioneer who founded Kodak, was born in
Waterville, New York State. (see 7 May 1888).
10
July 1854, Monday (-33,474)
8 July 1854, Saturday (-33,176) Johann
Gieseler, German church history writer, died (born 3 March 1792).
7 July 1854, Friday (-33,177) George Ohm, German scientist who pioneered
work on electricity, died in Munich
6 July 1854, Thursday (-33,178)
Earthquake
in Yamato, Iga, Ise, area of Japan killed 2,400.
5 July 1854, Wednesday (-33,179)
(USA)
In America, the Republican Party was officially founded.
4 July 1854, Tuesday (-33,180) Karl
Eichhorn, German legal writer, died (born 20 November 1781).
3 July 1854, Monday (-33,181) Leos
Janacek, composer, was born
1
July 1854, Saturday (-33,183) Albert
Hart, US historical writer, was born.
=====================================================================================
26
June� 1854, Monday (-33,188) Robert Borden, Canadian politician, was
born in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia.
21
June� 1854, Wednesday (-33,193) The first Victoria Cross was awarded, to Charles Lucas, a
20-year-old Irishman who threw an unexploded Russian bomb overboard, whilst on
HMS Hecla at Bomarsund in the Baltic.
13 June� 1854, Tuesday (-33,201) Sir Charles Parsons, engineer who
invented the steam turbine, was born in London.
12 June� 1854, Monday (-33,202) (Electrical)
Charles Algernon Parsons was born in London. In 1884 he designed and installed
the first steam turbine generator for electric power.
10
June� 1854, Saturday (-33,204) (London)
Queen Victoria opened the Crystal Palace on its new site in Sydenham, south
London.
====================================================================================
30 May 1854, Tuesday (-33,215) (USA)
US Congress adopted the Kansas-Nebraska Act, nullifying the Missouri
Compromise.
29 May 1854, Monday (-33,216) (Railways)
Paddington Station, London, was opened.
26
May 1854, Friday (-33,219) (1) (Greece)
Franco-British forces occupied the port of Piraeus to prevent Greece from
joining the Crimean War with
Russia against Turkey. See 28 February 1857.
(2) A Boston mob attacked a Federal courthouse in a vain
attempt to prevent the return of fugitive slave Anthony Burns. Federal troops
were called in to escort him to Boston Docks in order to return him to his
Southern owner; outraged citizens staged a silent protest along the street.
22
May 1854, Monday (+33,223) The
Russian Baltic fort of Gustavfarm was destroyed by a British fleet (Crimean
War), with 1,500 Russian PoWs being captured.
18
May 1854, Thursday (-33,227) (Railways)
The Port Elliot & Goolwa railway, South Australia, opened. Drawn by horse,
this was the first public railway in Australia, carrying goods and people.
15
May 1854, Monday (-33,230) (Railways)
The Semmering Pass railway, Austria, opened.
11
May 1854, Thursday (-33,234)
John McArthy Blackham, cricketer for Australia, was born in Melbourne (died in
Sydney, 20 August 1930).
==================================================================================
30 April 1854, Sunday (-33,245) (Railways)
The first railway in Brazil opened.
29 April 1854, Saturday
(-33,246) (Mathematics)
Jules Henri Poincare, French mathematician, was born in Nantes. In 1895 he
effectively founded the science of topology, although some of its principles
were already known.
26
April 1854, Wednesday (-33,249) Henry Cockburn, Scottish
Judge, died (born 26 October 1779).
24
April 1854, Monday (-33,251) Elizabeth married Archduke
Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria.
19 April 1854, Wednesday (-33,256) Robert
Jameson, Scottish geological writer, died (born 11 July 1774).
16 April 1854, Sunday (-33,259)
Easter Sunday
15 April 1854, Saturday (-33,260) (Chemistry)
Arthur Aikin, English chemist, died in London (born 19 May 1773 in Warrington).
14
April 1854, Friday (-33,261)
13 April 1854, Thursday (-33,262) Richard
Ely, US economist, was born.
12 April 1854, Wednesday (-33,263) Atmospheric
traction on the Dalkey extension of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway was
abandoned.
7
April 1854, Friday (-33,268)
Pierre Francois Tissot, French writer, died in Paris (born 10 March 1768 in Versailles)
===================================================================================
31
March 1854. Friday (-33,275) The
USA and Japan signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, opening up the Japanese ports of
Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
27
March 1854. Monday (-33,279) Crimean War began;
Britain and France declared war on Russia.� On 12 March 1854 the British and French
formally allied with Turkey. See 30 November 1853. The ostensible cause of the Crimean War was a dispute between Russia,
France, and Turkey over control of the Christian Holy Places in
Turkish-controlled Palestine. The Turks refused Russia�s demands and Russia
marched into the Turkish vassal states of Wallachia and Serbia. This threatened
Russian occupation of Istanbul and hence Britain�s communications with its
Indian Empire, so Britain entered the war against Russia.
23 March 1854, Thursday (-33,283)
Alfred Milner, British colonial administrator of South Africa, was born.
20 March 1854, Monday (-33,286) (Russia,
Turkey)
Russia sent troops southwards across the Danube, threatening Ottoman Turkey.
Ultimately this posed the threat of Russia on the Mediterranean, putting
communications between Britain and India at risk, and so was unacceptable to
the UK.
18 March 1854, Saturday (-33,288) The
Alhambra Theatre, London, opened in Leicester Square
15 March 1854, Wednesday
(-33,291) Emil von Behring, bacteriologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1901
for his work on immunisation against diphtheria, was born.
14 March 1854, Tuesday
(-33,292) Paul Erlich, bacteriologist, was born in Strehlen, Silesia (now
Poland); died 20 August 1915.
13 March 1854, Monday
(-33,293) Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd, English author, died in Stafford (born
26 May 1795 in Reading)
12 March 1854, Sunday
(-33,294) Britain and France made an alliance with Ottoman Turkey.
11 March 1854, Saturday (-33,295)
9 March 1854, Thursday (-33,297)
Eddie Foy, US comedian, was born in New York (died 16 February 1928 in Kansas
City)
8 March 1854, Wednesday (-33,298)
Thomas Patrick Horan, cricketer for Australia, was born in Middleton, Ireland
(died 16 April 1916 in Melbourne)
3 March 1854, Friday (-33,303)
Henrietta Constance Smithson, Irish actress, died (born 1800)
1 March 1854, Wednesday (-33,305)
==================================================================================
28 February 1854, Tuesday (-33,306) The
United States Republican Party was
formed, in Ripon, Wisconsin.
27 February 1854, Monday (-33,307) Hugues
Lannenais, French political writer, died (born 19 June� 1782)
22
February 1854, Wednesday (-33,312) The
Chicago and Rock Island Railroad was completed to Rock Island, Illinois.
17
February 1854, Friday (-33,317)
Britain signed the Convention of Bloemfontein, agreeing to withdraw from
territory in South Africa north of the Orange River. This left the Orange Free
State for Boer settlers.
13
February 1854, Monday (-33,321) Britain�s
first public school for girls, Cheltenham Ladies College, opened.
10 February 1854, Friday (-33,324)
Giovanni Muzzioli, Italian painter, was born (died 5 August 1894).
9 February 1854, Thursday (-33,325)
Richmond Mayo-Smith, US economics writer, was born (died 11 November 1901).
6
February 1854, Monday (-33,328)
Russia broke off diplomatic relations with Britain and France.
1 February 1854, Wednesday (-33,333) New
York�s Astor Libraty opened, with 80,000 books.
==================================================================================
31 January 1854, Tuesday (-33,334)
Silvio Pellico, Italian dramatist, died (born 24 June 1788 in Piedmont)
16
January 1854, Monday (-33,349) The
South Wales railway reached Haverfordwest
13
January 1854, Friday (-33,352) The accordion was patented by Anthony Faas.
9 January 1854, Monday (-33,356) Lady Randolph Churchill, mother of Winston
Churchill, was born.
8 January 1854, Sunday
(-33,357) William Beresford, British General, died in Kent (born 2 October 1768)
3
January 1854, Tuesday (-33,362)
An Anglo-French squadron entered the Black Sea, and insisted that the Russian
fleet withdraw from attacking Turkey.
1 January 1854, Sunday (-33,364)
=================================================================================
30
December 1853, Friday (-33,366) The Gadsden Purchase was agreed with Mexico. The USA paid
Mexico US$10 million, and received a tract of land south of the Gila River.
This was arranged by James Gadsden, aged 65.
27 December 1853, Tuesday (-33,369)
William Jay, religious writer, died (born 6 May 1769).
26 December 1853, Monday (-33,370) Rene
Bazin, French novelist, was born in Angers.
25 December 1853, Sunday (-33,371) Joseph
Radowitz, Prussian General, died (born 1797)
24
December 1853, Saturday (-33,372)
23 December 1853, Friday (-33,372) Giacomo
Puccini, composer, was born.
22 December 1853, Thursday (-33,374)
Edouard De Reszke, Poliush bass singer, was born in Warsaw (died 25 May 1917 in
in Garnek)
21 December 1853, Wednesday (-33,375)
19
December 1853, Monday (-33,377)
17 December 1853, Saturday (-33,379) Sir
Herbert Beerbohn Tree, English actor, was born in London.
16 December 1853, Friday (-33,380) Santa
Anna made himself Dictator of Mexico.
15 December 1853, Thursday (-33,381) Georg
Grotefrend, German writer, died (born 9 June�
1775).
13
December 1853, Tuesday (-33,383)
11 December 1853, Sunday (-33,385) John
Murphy, US landscape painter, was born.
10 December 1853, Saturday (-33,386) Tommaso
Grossi, Lombard poet and novelist, died (born 20 July 1791).
===================================================================================
30
November 1853, Wednesday (-33,396)
The Russians destroyed a Turkish
fleet at Sinope. On 3 January
1854 British and French
fleets entered the Black Sea to protect Ottoman Turkish coasts and shipping.
See 4 October 1853, and 23 March 1854.
16 November 1853, Wednesday (-33,410)
Henry Lewis, US geologist, was born (died 21 July 1888).
15 November 1853, Tuesday (-33,411)
Maria II of Portugal died, aged 34. She was succeeded by her 16-year-old son,
Pedro V.
14 November 1853, Monday (-33,412) Anna
d�Angeri, Austrian soprano singer, was born in Vienna (died 14 december 1907 in
Trieste)
5
November 1853, Saturday (-33,421) Janos
Garay, Hungarian poet, died (born 10 October 1812).
==================================================================================
21
October 1853, Friday (-33,436)
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm.
10
October 1853, Monday (-33,447) Pierre
Fontaine, French architect, died (born 20 September 1762).
6 October 1853, Thursday (-33,451) Simon Greanleaf, US legal writer, died
(born 5 December 1783).
4 October 1853, Tuesday (-33,453) (Russia,
Turkey)
The Russians refused to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities, and Turkey declared war on Russia. On 23 October
1853 the Turks, under Omar Pasha, crossed the Danube into Wallachia. See 30
November 1853.
2 October 1853, Sunday (-33,455) (Science)
Dominique Arago, physicist, died in Paris (born 26 February 1786 in Estagel,
Perpignan)
=====================================================================================
30
September 1853, Friday
(-33,457) John Stromberg, US composer, was born in New York (died12 July 1902
in New York)
24 September 1853,
Saturday (-33,463) Britain�s first provincial
newspaper, the Northern Daily Times, was founded in Liverpool.
23 September 1853,
Friday (-33,464) The British fleet was
ordered to Istanbul.
22 September 1853,
Thursday (-33,465)
21 September 1853,
Wednesday (-33,466) (1)
(Thailand)
Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, King of Siam, eldest son of King Maha
Mongkut, was born (died 1910).
(2) (Chemistry)
Heike Kammerlingh was born in Groningen, Netherlands. In 1908 he liquefied
helium.
20 September 1853,
Tuesday (-33,467)
Elisha Graves Otis opened a factory in New York State for the production of the
first modern lifts.
15 September 1853,
Thursday (-33,472)
14 September 1853, Wednesday
(-33,473) Hugh Edwin Strickland, English geologist, died, hit by a train
near Retford (born 2 March 1811 in Righton, East Yorkshire)
13 September 1853,
Tuesday (-33,474) (Medical)
Bacteriologist Hans Christian Joachim Gram was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. In
1884 he developed a dye that could distinguish between two classes of bacteria,
those that took up the dye and those that didn�t. The groups react differently
to antibiotics.
12 September 1853, Monday (-33,475) Charles Dickens� ninth book,
Bleak House, was published in entirety.
10
September 1853, Saturday (-33,477)
8 September 1853, Thursday (-33,479)
Antoine Frederic Ozanam, French scholarly writer, died of consumption in
Marseilles (born 23 April 1815 in Milan)
7 September 1853, Wednesday (-33,480) (China)
Shanghai fell to rebels as the Taiping Rebellion continued.
6
September 1853, Tuesday (-33,481)
5 September 1853, Monday (-33,482) (Railways)
The Waterford to Tramore railway opened.
4 September 1853, Sunday (-33,483) Jonathan
Blewitt, British composer, died in London (born 1782 in London)
2
September 1853, Friday (-33,485)
Wilhelm Ostwald, chemist, was born.
===================================================================================
29
August 1853, Monday (-33,489) Sir
Charles Napier, British statesman, died.
24
August 1853, Wednesday (-33,494) Crisps
were invented by George Crum, a chef in the Moon Lake Lodge Hotel in Saratoga
Springs, New York State, when his customers complained that his potato chips
were cut too thickly. So he cut the potatoes wafer-thin. People loved the new
�Saratoga chips�. Crisps reached the UK in 1913. However something very much like
the modern crisp appears to have existed as far back as 1817.
22 August 1853, Monday (-33,496) Karl
Karsten, German mineralogist, died (born 26 November 1782).
21 August 1853, Sunday (-33,497) Charles
Montholon, French soldier, died.
17
August 1853, Wednesday (-33,501) (Britain)
Sir Frederick Adam, British General, died (born 1781)
15
August 1853, Monday (-33,503) Frederick
William Robertson, English divine, died (born in London 3 February 1816)
8
August 1853, Monday (-33,510) A
Russian fleet arrived at Nagasaki on a trading mission.
4 August 1853, Thursday (-33,514)
Newspaper advertisements duty was abolished in Britain.
===================================================================================
23 July 1853, Saturday (-33,526) The
Japanese Shogun Ieoshi died, aged 61. He was succeeded by his brother, Iesada,
who agreed to open two Japanese ports to foreign trade.
17 July 1853, Sunday (-33,532)
William Gunion Rutherford, English scholarly writer, was born in Peeblesshire
(died 19 July 1907)
14 July 1853, Thursday
(-33,535) The first US World Fair opened in New York. The event was
modelled on London�s 1851 Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace.
8 July 1853,
Friday (-33,541) US Commodore Matthew Perry steamed into Japan�s
Edo Bay (now Tokyo) with his �black ships� and demanded that the country open
up to US trade.
He backed up his demand with cannon fire. For 250 years Japan had been a feudal
state run by the Tokugawa shoguns.
5 July 1853,
Tuesday (-33,544) Colonial
administrator Cecil Rhodes, Prime Minister of Cape Colony 1890-96,
was born at Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, the 7th of 11
children..� His father was a vicar.
====================================================================================
29
June� 1853, Wednesday (-33,550) Adrien de Jussieu,
natiuralist, died (born 23 December 1797).
22 June� 1853, Wednesday
(-33,557) A Russian Army attacking Turkey, under Prince Mikhail Gorchakov, invaded
Turkey�s Danubian Principalities.
4 June� 1853, Saturday (-33,575) The Oxford to Evesham railway
opened (extended to Wolverhampton 10/1854)
3 June� 1853, Friday (-33,576) Cesare Balbo, Italian writer, died (born 1
November 1789 in Turin)
====================================================================================
31 May 1853,
Tuesday (-33,579) (Russia,
Turkey)
Tsar Nicholas I of Russia despatched
troops to protect Christian minorities in Ottoman-ruled Moldavia and Wallachia.
27
May 1853, Friday
(-23,583) Jean Marie Pardessus, French lawyer, diednear Blois (born 11
August 1772 in Blois)
21 May 1853,
Saturday (-23,589) Jacques Cavaignac, French politician, was
born (died 25 September 1905).
14 May 1853,
Saturday (-33,596) Thomas Caine, British novelist, was born.
7 May 1853,
Saturday (-33,603) Matthias Castren, Finnish scholarly writer,
died (born 2 December 1813).
6 May 1853,
Friday (-33,604) Cortes Donoso, Spanish
author, died (born 6 May 1809).
4
May 1853, Wednesday
(-33,606) Philander Knox, US politician, was born.
======================================================================================
28 April 1853, Thursday
(-33,612) Johann Ludwig Tieck, German writer, died (born in Berlin 31 May
1773)
27 April 1853, Wednesday
(-33,613) Francois Lemaitre, French dramatist, was born.
23
April 1853, Saturday
(-33,617) Jules Lemire, French social reformer, was born.
18 April 1853,
Monday (-33,622) First railway in India opened; Mumbai to Thana, 30 km. By 1856 rail
lines linked Mumbai, Kolkata, Madras and Nagpur.
13 April 1853,
Wednesday (-33,627) Leopold Gmelin, German
chemist, died (born 1788).
7 April 1853,
Thursday (-33,633) Queen Victoria used chloroform to help her through the
birth of her seventh child, Prince Leopold. This established chloroform as the favoured anaesthetic in Britain.
4 April 1853,
Monday (-33,636) The customs union
signed by various German states was extended for another 12 years; Austria
remained excluded.
3 April 1853, Sunday
(-33,637) Louis Pontecoulant, French politician, died in Paris (born 17
November 1764 in Caen)
1 April 1853, Friday (-33,639) Manchester, UK, was constituted a city.
=====================================================================================
30 March 1853, Wednesday (-33,641)
The artist Vincemt Van Gogh was born in the Dutch village of
Groot-Zundert. He was the son of a Lutheran pastor.
29 March 1853,
Tuesday (-33,642)
Elihu Thomson, English inventor who co-founded the General Electric Company
with Thomas Edison, was born.
27 March 1853, Sunday (-33,644) Easter Sunday
25 March 1853, Friday
(-33,646) Muzaffar ed Din, Shah of Persia from 8 June� 1896, was born (died 8 January 1907).
19 March 1853, Saturday (-33,652) Taiping (Heavenly Peace) rebels in
China, a Protestant movement, challenged the ruling Manchu Ch�ing dynasty by taking
the city of Nanjing.
17 March 1853, Thursday (-33,654)
Death of Austrian physicist Christian
Doppler, who coined the term Doppler effect to explain the apparent change
of frequency of a wave when the source is moving relative to the observer.
15 March 1853, Tuesday
(-33,656) Italian music publisher Giovanni Ricordi died in Milan.
14 March 1853,
Monday (-33,657) Julius Haynau, Austrian
general, died (born 1786).
12
March 1853, Saturday
(-33,659) Mathieu Orfila, French chemist, died in Paris (born in Minorca 24
April 1787)
6 March 1853,
Sunday (-33,665) Albert Cook, US scholarly writer, was born.
5 March 1853, Saturday
(-33,666) Howard Pyle, US artist, was born in Wilmington, Delaware.
4 March 1853,
Friday (-33,667) Pope Pius IX set up five new
bishoprics in The Netherlands, at Breda, Haarlem, s�Hertogenbosh and Roermond,
also the Archbishopric of Utrecht, Until then The Netherlands had had no proper
Catholic hierarchy since the Reformation, and had been classified as a �mission
area�. The imposition of this new hierarchy started the April Movement, an
anti-Catholic protest in which Catholics were harried on the streets and
dismissed from their jobs. The Netherlands Government was forced to resign and
eventually the anti-Catholic protests faded away.
====================================================================================
18 February 1853,
Friday (-33,681) (Railways)
August Belmont, US railway financier, was born in New York.
3
February 1853, Thursday
(-33,696) August Kopisch, German poet, died (born 29 May 1799).
====================================================================================
30 January 1853, Sunday (-33,700) Sears Cook Walker, US astronomer, died near Cincinatti
(born 28 March 1805 in Massachusetts)
29 January 1853, Saturday (-33,701)
Napoleon III of France married Eugenie de Montijo in Paris.
26 January 1853, Wednesday (-33,704) Sylvester Judd, US religious writer,
died (born 23 July 1813).
22 January 1853, Saturday (-33,708) The
University of Melbourne, Australia, was established by Act of Incorporation.
21 January 1853, Friday (-33,709) Russell L Hawes patented the
envelope-folding machine.
19 January 1853, Wednesday (-33,711)
17 January 1853, Monday (-33,713)
Thomas Harrison, US artist, was born.
16 January 1853,
Sunday (-33,714) Andre Michelin, founder of Michelin Tyres, was born born in Paris,
France.
15 January 1853, Saturday (-33,715) Rutland Barrington, British actor, was born
I Penge, London (died 31 May 1922 in London)
10 January 1853, Monday (-33,720) Jessie Bond, British actress, was born in
Camden Town, London (died 17 June� 1942
in Worthing)
1 January 1853, Saturday (-33,729)
=====================================================================================
31 December 1852, Friday (-33,730) (USA)
Henry Carter Adams, US economist, was born.
18 December 1852, Saturday (-33,743) Horatio
Greenhough, US sculptor, died (born 6 September 1805).
14 December 1852, Tuesday (-33,747) (Britain)
Charles Berry, English cleric, was born in Leigh, Lancashire (died 31 January 1899).
10 December 1852, Friday (-33,751)
Henri Gervex, French Painter, was born.
2 December 1852.
Thursday (-33,759) Louis Napoleon was
proclaimed Emperor of France as Napoleon III.�
The Second French Empire was proclaimed.
====================================================================================
27
November 1852, Saturday
(-33,764) Ada Lovelace, computer science pioneer, died.
23 November 1852.
Tuesday (-33,768) Britain�s first pillar box was
erected, in St Helier on Jersey.
21
November 1852, Sunday (-33,770)
Spanish composer Francisco Tarrega was born in Villareal
18
November 1852, Thursday (-33,773)
Funeral of Lord Wellington in St Paul�s Cathedral
15
November 1852, Monday (-33,776)
Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, was born (died 7 January 1892 near Cairo.
Succeeded by his eldest son, Abbas II.
10
November 1852, Wednesday (-33,781)
Gideon Mantel, English geologist, died.
4 November 1852, Thursday (-33,787)
(1) The building of the new House of
Commons, following the fire of 1834, was completed, to the designs of Sir
Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin.
(2) (Italy) Count
Camillio de Cavour became Prime Minister of Piedmont.
3 November 1852, Wednesday (-33,788)
Hito Mutso, Japanese Emperor� from
1/1867, was born.
2 November 1852, Tuesday (-33,789) The
Dean of Exeter Cathedral ordered that the cathedral clock be advanced 14
minutes to conform with Greenwich mean time. This was a result of the railways
spreading across Britain, and operating on a standard time. Nationwide
standardisation of time had begun when the horse-drawn Irish mail coaches began
running from London to Ireland via Chester and Holyhead; the mail coach guard
carried a watch set to Greenwich time, and was required to inform the innkeepers
along the way of the correct time. In 1830 the Manchester and Liverpool railway
operated on Greenwich Time. But there was resistance to this nationwide time in
the West Country and Wales.
1 November 1852, Monday (-33,790) Dame
Emma Albani, Canadian singer (died 3 April 1930) was born.
=====================================================================================
31
October 1852, Sunday (-33,791)
27 October 1852, Wednesday (-33,795)
Edward Emmerson Simmons, US painter, was born in Concord, Massachusetts.
26 October 1852, Tuesday
(-33,796) (Britain) Henry Elkington, founder
of the Birmingham electroplating industry, died.
24
October 1852, Sunday (-33,798) Henry
Clinton, English scholarly writer, died (born 14 January 1781).
22
October 1852, Friday (-33,800) Hans
Gagern, German political writer, died (born 25 January 1766).
15 October 1852, Friday (-33,807) Friedrich
Ludwig Jahn, founder of the gymnastic movement (Turnverein) in Germany, died at
Freyburg aged 74.
14 October 1852, Thursday (-33,808)
(Railways
GB) �Kings Cross Station, London, opened.� The former terminus had been � miles north,
between Copenhagen and Gasworks Tunnels, at Maiden Lane, see 7 August 1850.
13 October 1852, Wednesday (-33,809)
Birth of Lilly Langtry, actress and mistress to King Edward VII
12
October 1852, Tuesday (-33,810)
11 October 1852, Monday (-33,811) The
South Wales Railway was extended from landore to Carmarthen Junction.
10 October 1852, Sunday
(-33,812) The first train ran on the Rock Island line, 70 km from Chicago
to Joliet, Illinois, in 2 hours. In 2/1854 this line reached Rock Island on the
Mississippi to link Chicago to this major waterway. This railway eventually
reached Minneapolis-St Paul, Galveston, Denver, Colorado Springs, Santa Rosa
and Memphis
9 October 1852, Saturday (-33,813) (Cartography) Thomas Colby, director of the
Ordnance Survey, who surveyed Ireland,
died (born 1 September 1784).
6
October 1852, Wednesday (-33,816)
2 October 1852, Saturday (-33,820) Lord
Ramsay, who discovered the inert gases, was born in Glasgow.
1 October 1852, Friday (-33,821) (Railways)
The Londonderry to Newtown Limavady railway, 18 � miles, opened.
===================================================================================
30 September 1852, Thursday (-33,822)
Sir Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, was born.
29 September 1852, Wednesday (-33,823)
Arthur Roberts, British comedian, was born in London (died 27 February 1933 in
London)
28 September 1852, Tuesday (-33,824) Henri Moussan, French
chemist, was born (died 20 February 1907).
26
September 1852, Sunday (-33,826)
25 September 1852, Saturday (-33,827) (Aviation)
The Mechanic�s Magazine published
the plans of a heavier-than-air glider capable of carrying a person.
24 September 1852, Friday (-33,828) (Aviation)
The first airship made its maiden
flight from the Hippodrome, Paris, travelling 17 miles to Trappes at 8 mph.
It was piloted by Henri Giffard. However the craft could only travel in calm
weather.
23 September 1852, Thursday (-33,829) (Medical)
Surgeon William Halstead was born in New York City. In 1890 he introduced the
practice of wearing sterilised rubber gloves during surgery.
20
September 1852, Monday (-33,832) William Finden, English line
engraver, died (born 1787).
14 September 1852, Tuesday (-33,838) (1) Lord Pugin,
co-designer of the Houses of Parliament with Sir Charles Barry, died at
Ramsgate.
(2) The Duke of
Wellington, victor at Waterloo, died at Walmer Castle, Kent, aged 83, as
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
13 September 1852, Monday (-33,839)
The Newton Stewart to Omagh railway, 9 � miles, opened.
12 September 1852, Sunday (-33,840) Herbert
Henry Asquith, British Liberal and Prime Minister, was born in Morley,
Yorkshire. He introduced the Old Age
Pension.
9 September 1852, Thursday (-33,843)
6 September 1852, Monday (-33,846) The
first free public lending library
opened in Manchester.
5 September 1852, Sunday (-33,847) Hans Henrik Reusch, Norwegian
geologist, was born in Bergen.
4 September 1852, Saturday (-33,848) William MacGillivray,
Scottish naturalist writer, died (born 25 January 1796).
2
September 1852, Thursday
(-33,850) Paul Bourget, French novelist, was born in Amiens.
===================================================================================
30
August 1852, Monday (-33,853)
Jacobus Hendricus Van;�t Hoff, Dutch chemist, was born in Rotterdam
25
August 1852, Wednesday (-33,858)
The Redruth to Truro railway opened.
23
August 1852, Monday (-33,860)
Arnold Tonybee, English social reformer, was born in London (died 9 March 1883
in Wimbledon)
16
August 1852, Monday (-33,867)
Hermann Soden, German religious writer, was born in Cincinati.
5 August 1852, Thursday (-33,878)
The re-erection of the Crystal
Palace at Sydenham, south London.
4 August 1852, Wednesday (-33,879)
The first steamship arrived in Australia, from England.
===================================================================================
17
July 1852, Saturday (-33,897)
Argentina recognised the independence of Paraguay.
15
July 1852, Thursday (-33,899)
The Great Northern Railway opened from Peterborough to Retford for goods trains
(passengers from 1 August 1852), and in London the line was extended south from
Maiden Lane to Kings Cross.
10
July 1852, Saturday (-33,904) Rene
Exelmans, Marshal of France, died (born 13 December 1775).
===================================================================================
29
June� 1852, Tuesday (-33,915) Henry Clay, US politician, died (born 12
April 1777).
25 June� 1852, Friday (-33,919) Antoni Gaudi, architect, was born.
24 June�
1852, Thursday (-33,920) Viktor Adler, Austrian
politician (died 12 November 1918) was born.
21
June� 1852, Monday (-33,923) Friedrich Froebel, German
educationalist who founded the Kindergarten system in 1837 at Blankenberg,
died.
12
June� 1852, Saturday (-33,932) Xavier de Maistre, French writer, died.
10
June� 1852, Thursday (-33,934)
(Railways)
The Wellington Inn to Mullaglass railway, 6 miles, opened.
7
June� 1852, Monday (-33,937) Hosea Ballou, US writer, died in Boston (born
in Richmond, New Hampshire, 30 April 1771).
4
June� 1852, Friday (-33,940) Lucas Malet, English noivelist, was born.
2
June� 1852, Wednesday (-33,942) Charles B Lawlor, composer, was born in
Dublin (died 30 May 21925 in New York)
============================================
28
May 1852, Friday (-33,947) Eugene
Burnouf, French writer on the Orient, died (born 8 April 1801).
3
May 1852, Monday (-33.972) (Railways)
The Tipperary to Clonmel railway, 24 � miles, opened.
1
May 1852, Saturday (-33,974)
Calamity Jane, Wild West performer, was born.
==================================================================================
21 April 1852, Wednesday (-33,984)
The Shrewsbury to Ludlow railway, 27 miles, opened.
20 April 1852, Tuesday (-33,985) Bela
Edwards, US writer, died (born 4.7.1802).
17
April 1852, Saturday (-33,988) Etienne
Gerard, French General, died (born 4 April 1773).
14 April 1852, Wednesday
(-33,991) (India) British and Indian forces captured Rangoon.
13 April 1852, Tuesday (-33,992) Frank
Winfield Woolworth, the American
chain store pioneer, was born in
Rodman, Jefferson County, New York State.
12 April 1852, Monday (-33,993) (Mathematics)
Ferdinand Lindemann was born in Hannover, Germany. In 1882 he proved that Pi is
a transcendental number.
11 April 1852, Sunday (-33,994) Easter
Sunday. (India)
The British began bombarding Rangoon, starting the Second Burman War.
5
April 1852, Monday (-34,000) John
Keate, who restored discipline and order at Eton School, died
1 April 1852, Thursday (-34,004) (Arts)
Edwin Austin Abbey, US painter, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
===================================================================================
30 March 1852, Tuesday (-34,006) (Africa)
James Bent, explorer of Africa, was born near Leeds (died in London 5 May 1897).
22
March 1852, Monday (-34,014) Auguste
Marmont, Marshal of France, died (born 20 July 1774).
18
March 1852, Thursday (-34,018) Ernst
Raupach, German dramatist, died in Berlin (born 21 March 1784 in Silesia)
11
March 1852, Thursday (-34,025)
The West Cornwall Railway opened the Penzance to Hayle line, 7 miles.
6 March 1852, Saturday (-34,030) Joseph
Deniker, French scientific writer, was born.
5 March 1852, Friday (-34,031) Marie
Gay, French author, died (born 1 July 1776).
1
March 1852, Monday (-34,035)
Theophile Delcasse, French statesman, was born.
===================================================================================
25
February 1852, Wednesday (-34,040) Thomas
Moore, Irish poet, died (born 28 May 1779).
21 February 1852, Saturday (-34,044) Nikolia
Gogol, Russian story writer and novelist, died in Moscow.
20 February 1852, Friday
(-34,045) The first through train from the eastern USA reached Chicago on
the Chicago Southeastern Railway. The railway helped make Chicago into a major
grain and meat packing centre.
16 February 1852, Monday (-34,049) Charles Taze Russell, American who organised the start of modern-day Jehovah�s
Witnesses, was born in Pittsburgh.
14 February 1852, Saturday (-34,051) London�s famous children�s hospital,
in Great Ormond Street, opened. The first patient admitted was Eliza Armstrong.
11 February 1852, Wednesday (-34,054)
The first flushing public toilet
for women opened in Fleet Street, London. The cost was 2d. See 2 February 1852.
10 February 1852, Tuesday (-34,055)
Samuel Prout, English water colour painter, died (born 17 September 1783 in
Plymouth)
9 February 1852, Monday (-34,056) The Strabane to Newton
Stewart railway, 9 � miles, opened.
5 February 1852, Thursday (-34,060) Arnail Jaucourt, French politician, died
(born 14 November 1757).
3 February 1852, Tuesday (-34, 062) Argentina abandoned plans to annex Uruguay
after De Rosas, Argentine dictator, was defeated by a force of Brazilians and
Uruguayans at the Battle of Caseros.
De Rosas fled to Britain.
2 February 1852, Monday (-34,063) (1)
The first public convenience for men opened in Fleet Street, London. See 11
February 1852.
(2) The second Woodhead railway tunnel, between Sheffield and Manchester,
opened.� See 22 December 1845, 3
June� 1954.
1 February 1852, Sunday (-34,064) The
railway from Battle to Hastings, 5 miles, opened.
==================================================================================
29
January 1852, Thursday (-34,067)
Frederic Cowen, English composer, was born.
26
January 1852, Monday (-34,070) (Africa)
Pierre Paul Brazza, French explorer of Africa and founder of the French Congo
(Brazzaville), was born (died 4 September 1905).
19 January 1852, Monday (-34,077) Robert Adamson, Scottish philosopher (died 5
February 1902) was born.
17 January 1852, Saturday (-34,079)
Britain recognised the independence of the Transvaal Boers.
12
January 1852, Monday (-34,084) Joseph
Joffre, French Army Marshall and Commander in Chief on the Western Front, was
born in Rivesaltes.
10
January 1852, Saturday (-34,086)
Friedrich Spitta, German religious writer, was born in Wittengen
6
January 1852, Tuesday (-34,090) (1) The
railway from Portadown to Mullaglass, 16 � miles, opened.
(2) Louis Braille, who invented the raised-dot system of writing used
by the blind, died.
4
January 1852, Sunday (-34,092) Moses
Stuart, US religious writer, died (born 26 March 1780)
1 January 1852, Thursday (-34,095) The Robertsbridge to Battle
railway, 16 miles, opened.
==================================================================================
31 December 1851, Wednesday (-34,096)
Richard Marsh, horse racing champion, was born (died 20 May 1933).
28
December 1851, Sunday (-34,099) (USA) Perry
Belmont, US politician, was born in New York.
25 December 1851, Thursday (-34,102) (Railways)
First railway in Chile opened. It ran from the port of Caldera to Copiapo, 80.5
km.
24 December 1851, Wednesday (-34,103)
Large fire at the Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA. 35,000 books were
destroyed, including most of Thomas Jefferson;�s personal collection, acquired
in 1815.
19
December 1851, Friday (-34,108) Painter
Joseph Turner died in his house in Chelsea, London, under the assumed name of
Booth.
10 December 1851, Wednesday (-34,117) Melvil
Dewey, US librarian who devised a system of library cataloguing, was born in
Adams Centre, New York State.
8 December 1851, Monday (-34,119)
The railway from Cork to Bailinhassig, 10 miles, fully opened (Bandon to
Bailinhassig had opened 1 August 1849).
3 December 1851, Wednesday (-34,124)
Cecil Lawson, English landscape painter, was born (died 10 June� 1882).
2 December 1851, Tuesday (-34,125) In
France, President Louis Napoleon Bonaparte extended his term in office and
ended the Second Republic. He ordered troops to occupy Paris, arrest
Parliamentary Deputies, and to fire on unarmed protestors.
==================================================================================
26
November 1851, Wednesday (-34,131)
Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French soldier, died in Tarn (born in Tarn 29 March
1769)
18
November 1851, Tuesday (-34,139) Ernest
Augustus, King of Hanover, died (born 5 June 1771).
13
November 1851, Thursday (-34,144)
(1) A telegraphic service between London and
Paris was started.
(2) The railway between Moscow and St Petersburg opened.
10
November 1851, Monday (-34,147) (Biology)
Embryologist Francis Balfour was born in Edinburgh (died in Switzerland 19 July
1882).
5 November 1851, Wednesday (-34,152) Charles Dupuy, French statesman, was
born.
3 November 1851, Monday (-34,154) Clovis Hugues, French poet, was born (died
11 June 1907).
1 November 1851, Saturday (-34,156) Thomas Galloway, Scottish mathematician, died
(born 26 February 1796).
==================================================================================
24
October 1851, Friday (-34,164) Ariel
and Umbriel, two moons of Uranus, were first observed.
22 October 1851, Wednesday (-34,166) (USA)
Archibald Alexander, US Presbyterian clergyman, died in Princeton, New
Jersey (born 17 April 1772 in Virginia).
21 October 1851, Tuesday (-34,167)
George Ulyett, cricketer, was born (died 18 June 1898).
20
October 1851, Monday (-34,168)
19 October 1851, Sunday (-34,169) (Korea)
Myeongseong, Empress of Korea, was born.
18 October 1851, Saturday (-34,170) Herman
Melville�s work, Moby Dick, was
published in London.
15
October 1851, Wednesday (-34,173) The Great Exhibition at Hyde Park, London, closed.� It had opened on 1 May 1851. A total of 6 million visitors had attended. The Exhibition made a
profit of �186,000 which was used to buy land in South Kensington where the
Victoria and Albert Museum now stands.
13 October 1851, Monday
(-34,175) Charles Sprague Pearce, US artist, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts.
11 October 1851, Saturday (-34,177) (Electricity) Paul Erman, electrical
scientist, died (born 29 February 1764).
10 October 1851, Friday
(-34,178) Melvil Dewey, US librarian, was born.
8 October 1851, Wednesday
(-34,180) George Lee, English musician, died.
4 October 1851, Saturday
(-34,184) Alvarez Godoy, Spanish statesman, died (born 12 May 1767).
2 October 1851, Thursday
(-34,186) Marshal Ferdinand Foch, French General who led the
counteroffensive that defeated Germany in 1918, was born in Tarbes, France.
==================================================================================
30 September 1851, Tuesday
(-34,188) Auguste Molinier, French historical writer, was born (died 19 May
1904).
28 September 1851, Sunday
(-34,190) Henry Jones, English dramatist, was born.
22 September 1851, Monday
(-34,196) Martha Mary Sherwood, English author, died (born in Stanford,
Worcestershire 6 May 1775)
19 September 1851, Friday (-34,199) William Lever, soap maker and
philanthropist, later Lord Leverhulme, was born in Bolton. �He was the son of a grocer.
18 September 1851, Thursday (-34,200) The New York Times was
first published.� It was founded by Henry
Jarvis Raymond.
17 September 1851, Wednesday (-34,201) (Science)
Chemist and physician John Kidd died in Oxford, England.
16 September 1851, Tuesday (-34,202) Emilio Pardo Bazan, Spanish
author, was born in Corunna.
14 September 1851, Sunday (-34,204) James
Cooper, US novelist, died (born 15 September 1789).
12 September 1851, Friday (-34,206) Francis Clark, religious writer, was born.
11 September 1851, Thursday (-34,207) Sylvester Graham, US writer on dietetics,
died (born 1794).
9 September 1851, Tuesday (-34,209)
7 September 1851, Sunday (-34,211) John Kidd, English scientific
writer, died (born 10 September 1775).
6 September 1851, Saturday (-34,212) Karl Koenig, German
geologist, died.
5 September 1851, Friday (-34,213) (USA) Thomas
Gallaudet, US educator of the deaf and dumb, died (born 10 December 1787).
2 September 1851, Tuesday (-34,216) William Nicol, Scottish
physicist, died in Edinburgh.
1 September 1851, Monday (-34,217)
==================================================================================
27 August 1851, Wednesday (-34,222) John Philip, British
missionary in Africa, died in retirement in Cape Colony (born 14 April 1775 in
Kirkcaldy, Fife).
25 August 1851, Monday (-34,224) George Lathrop, US writer,
was born.
24 August 1851, Sunday (-34,225) Thomas Kendall, cricketer for
Australia, was born in Bedford, England (died 17 August 1924 in Hobart,
Tasmania).
22 August 1851, Friday (-34,227) The US schooner Americas won
a race around the Isle of Wight. The Americas Cup is named after this ship. It
was originally known as the Hundred Guinea Cup.
19 August 1851, Tuesday (-34,230)
17 August 1851, Sunday (-34,232) Henry Drummond, Scottish scholarly writer,
was born (died 11 March 1897).
16 August 1851, Saturday (-34,233) (Railways)
The railway from Laprarie, Quebec, Canada to Rouses Point, New York, USA,
opened.
15 August 1851, Friday (-34,234)
14 August 1851, Thursday (-34,235) Doc Holliday, US Western
gunfighter, was born.
13 August 1851, Wednesday (-34,236) (Education)
Felix Adler, US educationalist (died 24 April 1933) was born.
12 August 1851, Tuesday (-34,237) Isaac Singer of New York,
USA patented his sewing machine.
11 August 1851, Monday (-34,238) Lorenz Oken, German
naturalist, died (born 1 august 1779 in Swabia).
10 August 1851, Sunday (-34,239) Heinrich Paulus, German
religious writer, died (born near Stuttgart 1 September 1761)
9 August 1851, Saturday (-34,240) Karl Gutzlaff, German missionary to China,
died (born 8 July 1803)
8 August 1851, Friday (-34,241) James Shudi Broadwood,
English piano manufacturer, died in London (born 20 December 1772 in London)
7 August 1851, Thursday (-34,242) Johann Gruber, German writer, died (born
29 November 1774)
4 August 1851, Monday (-34,245)
1 August 1851, Friday (-34,248) (Railways) The Dublin to Galway railway opened.
=====================================================================================
31 July 1851, Thursday (-34,249) (Railways)
Canada legislated to make the 1676 mm gauge, the �Provincial Gauge�, a pre-condition
of financial aid to any railway, thereby introducing a standard gauge for the
country.
27 July 1851, Sunday (-34,253)
24 July 1851, Thursday (-34,256) In Britain the Window Tax
was abolished.
23 July 1851, Wednesday (-34,257)
Sioux Chieftains ceded all their land in Iowa, as well as some in Minnesota, to
the US Government.
21 July 1851, Monday (-34,259)
Horace Francois Bastien Sebastiani, French politician, diedin Paris (born in
Corsica 1772)
17 July 1851, Thursday (-34,263) John
Lingard, English historical writer, died (born 5 February 1771)
12
July 1851, Saturday (-34,268)
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre, French pioneer in photography, died.
8
July 1851, Tuesday
(-34,272) Sir Arthur John Evans,
British archaeologist who excavated Knossos on Crete, was born.
6 July 1851, Sunday (-34,274) David Moir, Scottish writer,
died (born 5 January 1798).
4 July 1851, Friday
(-34,276) Construction began at St Louis on the Missouri Pacific Railway.
This railway was extended to serve the Mississippi Valley south to Memphis and
New Orleans, and the Missouri Valley west to Kansas City and Pueblo, Colorado.
2
July 1851, Wednesday
(-34,278) Gyorgy Fejer, Hungarian author, died (born 23 April 1766).
======================================================================================
19 June� 1851, Thursday (-34,291)
William Evans Midwinter, cricketer for Australia, was born in St briavels,
Gloucestershire, England (died in Melbourne, 3 December 1890).
15
June� 1851, Sunday (-34,295) The first factory-produced ice
cream was made in the USA by John Fussell. He wanted to avoid wastage of cream
so he froze it; his new food became very popular, and his factory ice cream
cost less than a third of the same amount of handmade ice cream.
12 June� 1851, Thursday (-34,298)
Sir Oliver Lodge, English scientific writer, was born.
3 June� 1851, Tuesday (-34,307)
George Adams, US historian (died 26 May 1925) was born.
2 June� 1851, Monday (-34,308) The Rockingham to Luffenham railway opened.
====================================================================================
31 May 1851, Saturday (-34,310)
23 May 1851, Friday (-34,318) Richard
Lalor Sheil, Irish writer, died iin Florence, Italy (born 17 August 1791 in
Tipperary)
21 May 1851, Wednesday (-34,320) Victor Bourgeois, French
statesman, was born in Paris.
20 May 1851, Tuesday (-34,321)
Oxford�s second railway station, linking to Verney Junction, opened.
17 May 1851, Saturday (-34,324) First railway in Peru opened. It ran 15 km
from the port of Callao to Lima.
15 May 1851, Thursday (-34,326) The Erie Railway (begun
1832) reached Dunkirk on Lake Erie, linking New York with the Great Lakes and
competing with the 1825 Erie Canal.
7 May 1851, Wednesday (-34,334) Adolf Harnack, German
religious writer, was born.
6 May 1851, Tuesday (-34,335) Linus Yale patented the Yale lock.
4 May 1851, Sunday (-34,337) Thomas
Dewing, US figure painter, was born.
1 May 1851,
Thursday (-34,340) The Great
Exhibition at the Crystal Palace was opened by Queen Victoria, in Hyde
Park, London. There were 13,000
exhibits from around the world in an 1,840 foot long, 408 foot wide, 108 foot
high steel and glass hall, designed by Joseph Paxton in only 10 days and
prefabricated before being brought to Hyde Park by rail. The hall took 17 weeks
to erect. 6 million people, 17% of the UK population, visited, also mainly on
the new railways across the nation. The exhibition ended on 15 October 1851.
After the Great Exhibition, the Crystal Palace was re-erected at Sydenham where
it stood till destroyed by fire in 1936. Prince Albert conceived the idea of
the Great Exhibition to promote trade between nations and worldwide peace. The
Exhibition was open for 6 months and in that time Queen Victoria visited 41
times. Profits from the event funded the opening of the Royal Albert Hall, the
Science Museum, the Natural History Museum, and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
====================================================================================
29 April 1851, Tuesday (-34,342) Charles Cottenham, Lord Chancellor of
England, died (born 29 April 1781).
28 April 1851, Monday (-34,343) Sir Edward Codrington , British Admiral,
died (born 1770).
26 April 1851, Saturday (-34,345) Charles Godfrey, British
singer, was born in London (died 28 March 1900 in Brierly Hill, Staffordshire)
24
April 1851, Thursday
(-34,347)
21 April 1851, Monday (-34,350) (Geology)
Charles Barrois, French geologist, was born in Lille.
20 April 1851, Sunday (-34,351)
Easter Sunday
8 April 1851, Tuesday
(-34,363)
2 April 1851, Wednesday
(-34,369) Russian violinist Adolph Brodsky was born in Taganrog.
1 April 1851, Tuesday (-34,370) Rama IV (1804-68) took the Thai throne.
=====================================================================================
31 March 1851, Monday (-34,371)
30 March 1851, Sunday
(-34,372) Christian)
In Britain this day, 7.25 million out of a total population of 17 million
reportedly attended Church. This was thought to be a disturbingly small
proportion.
29 March 1851, Saturday
(-34,373) Marble Arch, London, was moved from Buckingham Palace to
its present position on Oxford Street.
28 March 1851, Friday
(-34,374) Gabor Dobrentei, Hungarian writer, died (born 1786).
27 March 1851, Thursday
(-34,375) Karl Dindorf, German scholarly writer, died (2 January 1802)
24 March 1851, Monday (-34,378)
21 March 1851, Friday
(-34,381) The Yosemite Valley, in California, USA, was discovered by
European explorers.
20 March 1851, Thursday
(-34,382) Pietro Abba-Cornaglia, Italian composer, was born in Alessandria,
Piedmont (died 2 May 1894 in Alessandria)
18 March 1851, Tuesday (-34,384)
15 March 1851, Saturday
(-34,387) Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, British archeological writer, was
born.
14 March 1851, Friday
(-34,388) Ferdinand Hand, German scholarly writer, died (born 15 February 1786).
13 March 1851, Thursday
(-34,389) Karl Lachmann, German scholarly writer, died (born 4 March 1793).
12 March 1851, Wednesday
(-34,390) (Medical)
Bacteriologist Charles Chamberland was born in Chilly le Vignoble, France. He
improved sterilisation techniques and invented filters to trap bacteria, which
led to the discovery of viruses.
11 March 1851, Tuesday
(-34,391) Verdi�s opera Rigoletto
was first performed, in Venice.
9 March 1851, Sunday (-34,393) The
University of Manchester was founded, as Owens College, Manchester.
6 March 1851, Thursday (-34,396)
Alexander Alyabyev, Russian composer, died in Mosacow (born 15 August 1787 in
Tobolsk)
5 March 1851, Wednesday (-34,397)
Ermete Novelli, Italian playwright, was born in Lucca.
======================================================================================
18
February 1851, Tuesday (-34,411) Karl
Jacobi, German mathematician, died (born 10 December 1804).
15
February 1851, Saturday (-34,415) The
issue of escaped slaves was brought into prominence in the USA when a group of
Black protestors liberated a runaway slave, Shadrach, from Boston jail. A
similar incident occurred on 1 October 1851 at Syracuse, New York.
13 February 1851, Thursday (-34,417)
The railway from Ashford to Robertsbridge, 16 miles, opened.
12 February 1851, Wednesday (-34,418)
(1) Exhibits
from overseas began arriving for the Great Exhibition, London, due to open in
less than three months.
(2) The Australian
Gold Rush began, after Edward Hargreaves discovered gold at
Summerhill Creek, 20 miles north of Bathurst, New South Wales.
8
February 1851, Saturday (-34,422) Nicholas
Bexley, English politician, died in Foots Cray, Kent (born in London 29 April 1766).
3
February 1851, Monday (-34,427) Argentina�s planned annexation of Uruguay
was abandoned following the defeat of Argentine dicatator Juan Manuel de
Rosas this day at the Battle of Caseros. Uruguayan insurgent Justo de Urquiza,
aged 51, was backed by Brazil, and Rosas fled to England.
1
February 1851, Saturday (-34,429) Mary
Shelley, author of Frankenstein,
died.
====================================================================================
27
January 1851, Monday (-34,434) (Biology)
John James Audubon, US naturalist, died in New York.
25
January 1851, Saturday (-34,436) Jan
Blockx, Belgian composer, was born in Antwerp (died 26 May 1912 in Antwerp)
21
January 1851, Tuesday (-34,440)
Gustav Lortzing, German composer, died.
16
January 1851, Thursday (-34,445) Friedrich
Muffling, Prussian General Field Marshal, died
14
January 1851, Tuesday (-34,447) Gasparo
Luigi Pacifico Spontini, Italian composer, died in Ancona (born 14 November
1774 in Ancona)
1 January 1851, Wednesday (-34,460)
====================================================================================
29 December 1850, Sunday (-34,463) Tomas
Breton Y Hernandez, Spanish composer, was born in Salamanca (died 2 December 1923
in Madrid)
28 December 1850, Saturday (-34,464) Heinrich
Christian Schumacher,, German astronomer, died in Altona (born 3 September 1780
in Holstein)
24
December 1850, Tuesday (-34,468) (France)
Frederic Bastiat, French economist, died in Rome (born in Bayonne 29 June� 1801).
21
December 1850, Saturday (-34,471) James
Lane Allen, US novelist, was born near Lexington, Kentucky.
10 December 1850, Tuesday (-34,482) Francois
Beudant, French geologist, died (born in Paris 5 September 1787)
9 December 1850, Monday (-34,483) Emma
Abbott, US soprano singer, was born in Salt Lake City (died 5 January 1891 in
Salt Lake City)
7
December 1850, Saturday (-34,485)
4 December 1850, Wednesday (-34,488)
William Sturgeon, who devised the
first electro-magnet, died at Prestwich, near Manchester.
3 December 1850, Tuesday (-34,489)
George Manson, Scotish water colour painter, was born (died 27 February 1876)
====================================================================================
29
November 1850, Friday (-34,493) An uprising began in Warsaw against Russian rule.
20 November 1850, Wednesday (-34,502)
Arthur Goring Thomas, Eglish composer, was born in Sussex (died 20 March 1892)
19 November 1850, Tuesday (-34,503) Alfred
Lord Tennyson was appointed Poet
Laureate, a post he held until his death in 1892.
16
November 1850, Saturday (-34,506)
14 November 1850, Thursday (-34,508) (1)
In Kilkenny, Ireland, the Bagenalstown to Laristown Junction railway, 10 �
miles, opened.
(2) Charles
Dickens� eighth book, David Copperfield, was published in entirety.
13 November 1850, Wednesday (-34,509)
Writer Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh, at 8 Howard
Place.� His father and grandfather were
lighthouse builders.
3
November 1850, Sunday (-34,519) John
Watson, writer, was born (died 6 May 1907).
===================================================================================
28
October 1850, Monday (-34,525) The
Glasgow and South Western Railway was formed by an amalgamation of the Dumfried
and Carlisle Railway and the Ayrshire Railways.
15
October 1851, Tuesday (-34,538)
Geoirge Moore, US Biblical writer, was born.
5 October 1850, Saturday (-34,548)
William Gibson, US writer, was born (died 16 July 1896).
4 October 1850, Friday (-34,549) The
bowler hat went on general sale in London.
===================================================================================
18
September 1850, Wednesday (-34,565) (Slavery) US Congress passed a new Fugitive
Slave Act reinforcing the provisions of the 1793 Act, by substituting Federal
for State jurisdiction. New York freedman James Hamlet was arrested in New York
as a fugitive from Baltimore, the first arrest under the new Act, but public
indignation secured his release. Chicago City Council, 21 October 1850, stated
it would not uphold the new Act; however New York, 30 October 1850, said it
would enforce it.
9 September 1850, Monday (-34,574)
(USA)
California became the 31st State
of the USA.
6 September 1850, Friday (-34,577) (Brazil)
Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil enacted a law authorising steam navigation on
the River Amazon, The Compania de Navigicao e Commercio do Amazonas was tghen
formed in Rio de Janeiro in 1852 and in 1853 it began operating steamships on
the Amazon.
5 September 1850, Thursday (-34,578) James
Ingram, English writer, died (born 21 December 1774).
2
September 1850, Monday (-34,581) The
Gtreat Western opened the Oxford to Banbury line, 24 miles.
====================================================================================
30 August 1850, Friday (-34,584)
Kashinath Trimbak Telang, Indian Judge and scholar, was born in Mumbai (died 1
September 1893 in Mumbai)
29 August 1850, Thursday (-34,585)
The Borders railway bridge at Tweedmouth was formally opened (goods traffic had
begun using it from 20 July 1850).
28 August 1850, Wednesday (-34,586)
The Channel telegraph was laid between Dover and Cap Gris Nez.
27 August 1850, Tuesday (-34,587)
Thomas Kidd, English scholarly writer, died.
26 August 1850, Monday (-34,588) Death of Louis Philippe, the
�citizen king�, who abdicated rather than face a middle-class revolt
25 August 1850, Sunday (-34,589) Edgar
Wilson Nye, US humourist writer, was born in Shirley, Maine (died 22 February
1896 in Arden, North Carolina).
22
August 1850, Thursday (-34,592) Nikolaus
von Strehlenau, Austrian poet, died (born 15 August 1802).
18
August 1850, Sunday (-34,596) Honore
de Balzac, French writer, died in Paris.
13
August 1850, Tuesday (-34,601)
Philip Marston, English poet, was born (died 13 February 1887).
7 August 1850, Wednesday (-34,607)
The Great Northern railway opened from Peterborough 79 miles south to their
London terminus at Maiden Lane.
6 August 1850, Tuesday (-34,608)
Henri Chantavoine, French writer, was born.
5 August 1850, Monday (-34,609)
Henri Maupassant, French novelist, was born (died 6 July 1893).
====================================================================================
31
July 1850, Wednesday (-34,615)
Robert Planquette, French composer, was born in Paris
25
July 1850, Thursday (-34,620) (Denmark, Germany)
Battle of Idstedt; Denmark defeated Germany.
14
July 1850, Sunday (-34,631) Johann
Neander, German religious writer, died (born 17 January 1789)
12
July 1850, Friday (-34,633) Robert
Stevenson, scholarly writer, died in Edi nburgh (born 8 June 1772 in Glasgow)
9 July 1850, Tuesday (-34,636) Zachary
Taylor, American general and Whig, 12th US President for only 16
months, died in Washington DC.� The
remainder of his term was completed by Millard Fillmore.
8 July 1850, Monday (-34,637) (Britain) Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge,
died (born 24 February 1774).
7 July 1850, Sunday (-34,638) Scottish
explorer, Edward Eyre arrived in Albany, Western Australia, having crossed the
Nullarbor Plain, the first White man to do this.
4
July 1850, Thursday (-34,641) William
Kirby, entomological writer, died (born 19 September 1759).
2
July 1850, Tuesday (-34,643) Sir Robert Peel, British Conservative
Prime Minister and founder of the police force in 1829, died in London due to a
riding accident.
=====================================================================================
28 June� 1850, Friday (-34,647) Richard Heuberger, Austrian composer, was
born in Graz (died 27 October 1914 in Vienna)
27 June� 1850, Thursday (-34,648) Lafcadio Hearn, writer on Japan, was born
(died 26 September 1904).
24 June� 1850, Monday (-34,651)
Lord Kitchener, British army commander and Secretary of State for War in
1914, was born near Ballylongford, County Kerry, Eire.
22 June� 1850, Saturday
(-34,653) Ignaz Goldziher, Hungarian Orientalist writer, was born.
18
June� 1850, Tuesday (-34,657) The South Wales Railway, from Chepstow to
Swansea, opened, on a 7 foot guage
16
June� 1850, Sunday (-34,659) Margaret Fuller, US authoress, died (born 23
May 1810).
9
June� 1850, Sunday (-34,666) The French administration of Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte banned many clubs and meeting places, to counter a surge in political
support for radical Parties.
3 June� 1850, Monday (-34,672) Five Cayuse Amerindians were executed in
the USA by the military following raids by the Cayeuse on White settlements.
2 June� 1850, Sunday (-34,673) Jesse Boot, founder of Boots chemists,
was born in Nottingham. As a child he accompanied his father, a herbalist, into
the woods to identify plants for herbal remedies. Jesse�s father died when
Jesse was aged 10, and from age 13 he helped his mother in their small
household soap and cleaning products shop. By raising sales volume to above �20
a week he was able to secure wholesale discounts and undercut the established
chemists. The dispute with these other shops only gave him kore publicity and
his sales reached �40 a week.
======================================================================================
31 May 1850, Friday (-34,675) France passed a law requiring voters to be
resident in the same place for three years before qualifying for a vote.� This was to exclude migratory workers, who
tended to be radical.
28
May 1850, Tuesday (-34,687)
Frederic Maitland, English historical writer, was born (died 19 December 1906).
25 May 1850, Saturday (-34,681) The first hippopotamus to be
kept in Britain arrived at London Zoo.
24 May 1850, Friday (-34,682) Jane
Porter, English novelist (born 1776) died.
20
May 1850, Monday (-34,686) The Galston to Newmilns
railway opened.
12
May 1850, Sunday (-34,694) Henry
Lodge, US author, was born.
10
May 1850, Friday (-34,696) Sir
Thomas Lipton, British grocer and philanthropist, was born in Glasgow.
7 May 1850, Tuesday (-34,699)
Anton Seidl, Hungarian operatic conductor, was born (died 28 March 1898).
6 May 1850, Monday (-34,700) The railway from Belfast to
Newtonards, 13 � miles, opened.
1
May 1850, Wednesday (-34,705) The
Buckinghamshire railway opened, 31 miles from Bletchley to Banbury via Verney
Junction, with a branch to Oxford.
===================================================================================
26
April 1850, Friday (-34,710)
Harry Bates, British sculptor, was born in Stevenage, Hertfordshire (died in
London 30 January 1899).
23
April 1850, Tuesday (-34,713) Sir
William Wordsworth, Poet
Laureate from 1843, died of pleurisy at midday at Rydal Mount, Grasmere, aged
80
20 April 1850, Saturday (-34,716) Daniel
French, US sculptor, was born.
19 April 1850, Friday (-34,717) (USA, Britain, Central America, Canals)
The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty between the USA and UK was signed. It was an
agreement on the terms for building a canal across Nicaragua; under this
treaty, neither party would exercise exclusive control over such a canal or
fortify it. The US and the UK each had territorial interests in Central
America, and were suspicious of each other�s activities in the region.
Ultimately this Treaty was superseded by a similar neutralisation policy
regarding the Panama Canal under the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1902.
16
April 1850, Tuesday (-34,720) Swiss
waxworks show proprietor Madame Marie Tussaud died. She was born on 1
December 1761 in Strasbourg. She learnt the art of wax modelling from her
uncle, Philippe Curtius. Before the French Revolution Mme Tussaud was art tutor
at Versailles to Louis XVI�s sister, Elizabeth. After a period in prison she
was tasked with making death masks from the heads of those guillotined, some of
whom she recognised as friends. She left Paris in 1802, along with her waxwork
models, and two sons from a failed marriage to a French engineer, Francois
Tussaud. She spent 33 years touring Britain before opening a permanent display
in London.
12
April 1850, Friday (-34,724) Adoniram
Judson, US missionary to Burma, died (born 9 August 1788).
9
April 1850, Tuesday (-34,727) 15
January 1785, Saturday (-58,551) William Prout, English chemist, died in London� (born 15 January 1785 in Horton,
Gloucestershire)
7
April 1850, Sunday (-34,729) William
Bowles, English poet, died in Salisbury (born in Northamptonshire 24 September 1762).
1 April 1850, Monday (-34,735)
Through trains from London to Aberdeen began running.
===================================================================================
31 March 1850, Sunday (-34,736)
Easter Sunday. Charles Doolittle Walcott, US geologist, was born in New York
State.
18
March 1850, Monday (-34,749) (1)
The American Express Company was set up in Buffalo, New York
(2) The Chester and Holyhead Railway was completed,
instituting an important link between London and Ireland, used by the Royal
Mail trains.
15
March 1850, Friday (-34,752) In
France, the Loi Falloux made provision for clergy to be able to teach in
secondary schools without need for further qualifications than their religious
certificate, whereas lay teachers needed a university degree. It also made
provision for separate girls� schools, and for adult and apprentice education.
7
March 1850, Thursday (-34,760)
Thomas Masaryk, the first President of Czechoslovakia in 1918, was born in
Hodonin, Moravia.
==================================================================================
25
February 1850, Monday (-34,770)
Daoguang, Emperor of China, died.
22
February 1850, Friday (-34,773) Sir
William Allan, Scottish painter, died.
18
February 1850, Monday (-34,777)
Greman born British conductor composer George henschel was born in Breslau.
16 February 1850, Saturday (-34,779) Octave
Mirabeau, French dramatist, was born.
15 February 1850, Friday (-34,780)
Albert Cummins, US politician, was born (died 30 July 1926).
14 February 1850, Thursday (-34,781) The railway from Drogheda to
Navan, 17 miles, opened.
1
February 1850, Friday (-34,794) The
railway from Hounslow to Feltham Junction, weat London opened.
====================================================================================
29 January 1850, Tuesday (-34,797) Sir Ebenezer Howard, who started
the Garden City movement, was born in London.
27 January 1850, Sunday (-34,799) Samuel
Gompers, US trades union leader, was born.
26 January 1850, Saturday (-34,800) Francis
Jeffrey, Scottish writer, died (born 23 October 1773).
24 January 1850, Thursday (-34,802) Charles Craddock, US author, was born.
20 January 1850, Sunday (-34,806) 14
November 1779, Sunday (-60,440) Adam Gottlob Ohlenschlager, Danish poet, died (born
14 November 1779 in Vesterbro, Copengahen)
19 January 1850, Saturday (-34,807)
Augustine Birrell, author, was born near Liverpool.
18 January 1850, Friday (-34,808) Seth
Low, US politician, was born.
17
January 1850, Thursday (-34,809)
15 January 1850, Tuesday (-34,811) (Greece) The British fleet blocked the
Greek port of Piraeus to force the Greek Government to pay compensation to
Gibraltar-born Jew Don Pacifico, whose home had been ransacked during an anti-Semitic
riot in 12/1849. The Greek Government agreed to pay on 26 April 1850. However
the episode annoyed France and Russia, who were also guarantors of Greek
independence. This marked a new level of British imperialism abroad.
14 January 1850, Monday (-34,812) Louis
Viaud, French author, was born.
3
January 1850, Thursday (-34,823)
Work began in Hyde Park, London, on the glass and iron Crystal Palace, built for the Great
Exhibition.
1 January 1850, Tuesday (-34,825)
===================================================================================
29
December 1849, Saturday (-34,828) (Britain) William Cunningham, English economist,
was born.
26
December 1849, Wednesday (-34,831)
Francis Brown, USA Semitic scholar and writer, was born.
20
December 1849, Thursday (-34,837)
Michail Eminescu, Romanian poet, was born (died 1889).
17 December 1849, Monday (-34,840) Landowner Edward Coke tested a new type of
hat he had ordered to protect his head from low-hanging branches whilst out
hunting; top hats were too easily knocked off. This day he visited the Lockes
hatters shop in St James, London, to test the new bowler hat, named after its
designed, by jumping on it twice. It withstood the test and he bought it.
15 December 1849, Saturday (-34,842) Alfred
East, English painter, was born.
14 December 1849, Friday (-34,843) Konradin
Kreutzer, German composer, died (born 22 November 1780).
12
December 1849, Wednesday (-34,845)
Sir Marc Isambard Kingdom Brunel, builder of the Thames Tunnel from Wapping
to Rotherhithe, died in London aged 80.
1
December 1849, Saturday (-34,856) Queen
Adelaide, wife of King William IV, died.
==================================================================================
24
November 1849, Saturday (-34,683)
Frances Burnett, novelist, was born.
21
November 1849, Wednesday (-34,686)
Francois Granet, French painter, died (born 17 December 1777).
16
November 1849, Friday (-34,691)
Edward Dana, scientific writer, was born.
1 November 1849, Thursday (-34,886)
The Mallow to Cork railway, 19 � miles, opened.
=================================================================================
29 October 1849, Monday (-34,889) The
railway from Edinburgh reached Hawick
17
October 1849, Wednesday (-34,901)
(1)
Plans for a Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All nations were
announced at a banquet at Mansion House, London. In January 1850 a Royal
Commission, headed by Prince Albert, was formed to organise the event. The
Commission had just over a year to complete its task before the Exhibition was
due to open on 1 May 1851.
(2) Frederic Chopin, born 1 March 1810 near Warsaw,
Poland, died aged 39 of tuberculosis in Paris.
14 October 1849, Sunday (-34,904) Edward
Coplestone, English Bishop, died
7 October 1849, Sunday (-34,911) Edgar Allen Poe, US fiction writer,
died aged 40, in Baltimore, Maryland.
5 October 1849, Friday (-34,913) (Hungary)
Count Louis Batthyany, Hungarian statesman, died (born 1806 in Pressburg).
1
October 1849, Monday (-34,917) Anne
Edgren-Leffler, Swedish author, was born (died 21 October 1892).
==================================================================================
26 September 1849, Wednesday (-34,922)
Ivan Pavlov, son of a village priest, was born this day near Ryazan, Russia. He
was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his discovery of conditioned reflexes.
25 September 1849, Tuesday (-34,923)
Johann Strauss the Elder died, aged 45, of scarlet fever.
21
September 1849, Friday (-34,927)
Edmund Gosse, English poet, was born.
3
September 1849, Monday (-34,945) Ernst
Feuchtersleben, Austrian poet, died (born 29 April 1806).
==================================================================================
29
August 1849, Wednesday (-34,950) Jean
Buchon, French scholarly writer, died (born 21 May 1791)
27
August 1849, Monday (-34,952) The
original Philharmonic Hall in Liverpool�s Hope Street opened with a 4-day music
festival.
24 August 1849, Friday (-34,955) Karl
Marx moved from France to England.
23 August 1849, Thursday (-34,956) William Henley, British poet, was
born (died 11 July 1903)
22 August 1849, Wednesday (-34,957) Amaral, the Portuguese
Governor of Macao, was assassinated for his pro-Chinese policies.
20
August 1848, Monday (-34,959) The
Manchester to Altrincham railway opened.
18
August 1849, Saturday (-34,961)
Benjamin Godard, French composer, was born (died 10 January 1895).
15
August 1849, Wednesday (-34,964)
The first passenger train crossed the High Level bridge over the Tyne at
Newcastle.
13 August 1849, Monday (-34,966) The Hungarian General,
Gorgey, surrendered unconditionally to the Russian Commander in Chief, Field
Marshall Paskevic. The Hungarian leader, Kossuth, who had urged the
continuation of the conflict right up to the end, escaped to Turkey.
12 August 1849, Sunday (-34,967) Albert
Gallatin, US statesman, died (born 29 January 1761).
10
August 1849, Friday (-34,969)
4 September 1849, Saturday (-34,975) The Great Northern Railway opened the 17
mile line from Retford to Doncaster.
3 August 1849, Friday (-34,976) William Henley, British poet, was born
(died 11 July 1903).
2 August 1849, Thursday (-34,977) Mohammed Ali, ruler of Egypt from
1805 to 1848, died. Apart from his military successes, he laid the foundations
of a modern educational and administrative system, and revolutionised the
Egyptian economy.
1 August 1849, Wednesday (-34,978) The Bandon to Ballinhassig railway,
Cork, (10 miles), opened. The Standedge rail tunnel, UK, 5 km long, opened.
======================================================================================
31 July 1849, Tuesday (-34,979) Alexander Petofi, Hungarian poet, died
(born 1 January 1823)
30 July 1849, Monday (-34,980) The railway from Deptford via Blackheath,
Charlton and Woolwich to Gravesend, 21 � miles, opened.
29 July 1849, Sunday (-34,981) Max Simon Nordau, German author, was born in
Budapest.
28 July 1849, Saturday (-34,982) Hungary�s
Diet passed the Nationalities Law, granting the non-Magyar peoples of Hungary
substantial rights in the use of their native languages, also regional autonomy.
This was a last-ditch effort by the Diet to win over the loyalty of the
peasants and make them more willing to fight against Austria; a string of
Hungarian defeats, and the entry of Russia on Austria�s side, had demoralised
the Hungarian Army and created a shortage of recruits.
27 July 1849, Friday (-34,983) John Hopkinson, English engineer, was born
(died 27 August 1898).
25
July 1849, Wednesday (-34,984)
James Kenney, English dramatist, died.
19 July 1849, Thursday (-34,991)
Sayid Ali Mohammed, founder of the Bahai religion, was executed in Persia by
order of the Shah.
17 July 1849, Tuesday (-34,993) The Woodhouse (Sheffield) to Gainsborough
railway opened.
12
July 1849, Thursday (-34,998) Horace
Smith, English writer, died in Tunbridge Wells (born 31 December 1779 in London)
6 July 1849, Friday (-35,004)
Goffredo Mameli, Italian poet, died.
5 July 1849, Thursday (-35,005)
William Thomas Stead, English journalist, was born in Embleton, Northumberland
1
July 1849, Sunday (-35,009) John
Selby, cricketer for England, was born in Nottingham (died 11 March 1894 in
Nottingham)
======================================================================================
26
June� 1849, Tuesday (-35,014) (Britain) Britain repealed the Navigation
Acts, protectionst legislation favouring the Merchant Navy that dated back to
the mid-17th century.
22
June �1849, Friday (-35,018) Francis Lathrop, US artist, was born (died
18 October 1909).
20
June� 1849, Wednesday (-35,020) James Mangan, Irish poet, died (born 1
May 1803).
17 June� 1849, Sunday (-35,023) Russian troops invaded Hungary.
16/ June� 1849, Saturday (-35,024) Wilhelm de Wette, German religious writer, died
(born 12 January 1780).
15 June� 1849, Friday (-35,025)
James Knox Polk, American Democrat and 11th President from 1845
to 1849, died in Nashville, Tennessee.
12 June� 1849, Tuesday
(-35,028) Angelica Catalani, Italian opera singer, died (born 1780).
10 June� 1849, Sunday
(-35,030) (France) Thomas Bugeaud, Marshal
of France, died (born 15 October 1784).
8 June� 1849, Friday
(-35,032) Julien Dillens, Belgian sculptor, was born (died 11/1904).
6
June� 1849, Wednesday (-35,034) Kossuth entered Budapest in triumph;
however his rule was to last only a few weeks.
4
June� 1849, Monday (-35,036) Marguerite Blessington, Irish novelist,
died in Paris (born in County Tipperary 1 September 1789).
======================================================================================
28
May 1849, Monday (-35,043) (1) Anne Bronte, English novelist, died in
Scarborough, Yorkshire, aged 29.
(2) The railway from Newry to Warrenpoint, 5 � miles,
opened.
22 May 1849, Tuesday (-34,049) Maria
Edgeworth, Irish novelist, died (born 1 July 1767).
21 May 1849, Monday (-34,050) Buda Castle was stormed by
Austrian forces.
20 May 1849, Sunday (-34,051)
19 May 1849, Saturday (-34,052) William Hamilton attempted to
assassinate Queen Victoria.
16
May 1849, Wednesday (-34,055)
Victor Bruce, 9th earl of Elgin, was born.
11 May 1849, Friday (-35,060) Jeanne
Recamier, French literary socialite, died in Paris (born 4 December 1777 in
Lyons)
10 May 1849, Thursday (-35,061)
In New York, 22 died and 56 were injured as troops fired on anti-British
riots sparked by Irish gangs. The mob, armed with bricks and clubs, had
gathered outside the Astor Place Opera House to revile the British actor
Charles Macready, who had scorned the vulgarity of Americans.
6
May 1849, Sunday (-35,065) Wyatt
Eaton, US portrait painter, was born (died 7 June 1896)
4 May 1849, Friday (-35,067)
Horace Twiss, English politician, died in London (born 1787 in Bath)
3 May 1849, Thursday (-35,068) (Germany) Bernhard, Prince von Bulow, German
Chancellor and Prime Minister of Prussia (1900-09) was born.
1
May 1849, Tuesday (-35,070) The
railway from Colwich to Stone, Staffordshire, opened.
=====================================================================================
30
April 1849, Monday (-35,071)
29
April 1849, Sunday (-35,072)
Alexander Johnston, US historical writetr, was born (died 21 July 1889).
27
April 1849, Friday (-35,074) Severino
Fabriani, Italian writer, died (born 7 January 1792).
24
April 1849, Tuesday (-35,077)
Joseph Gallieni, French soldier, was born.
22
April 1849, Sunday (-35,079) (Denmark) Schleswig-Holstein troops defeated the
Danes at Kolding.
13 April 1849, Friday (-35,088) The
Hungarian Diet proclaimed a Republic, with Lajos Kossuth as President.
12 April 1849, Thursday (-35,089)
Albert Heim, Swiss geologist, was born.
11
April 1849, Wednesday (-35,090)
10 April 1849. Tuesday (-35,091) Walter
Hunt of New York patented the safety
pin. He made it in only three hours, then sold the rights for $400 to
pay off debts.
8 April 1849, Sunday (-35,093)
Easter Sunday
5 April 1849, Thursday
(-35,096) Denmark sent the wooden battleship Christian VIII into Eckernforde Bay to destroy a German gun
battery. However the ships rudder jammed and she ran aground, caught fire, and
then exploded.
====================================================================================
29 March 1849, Thursday
(-35,103) Britain annexed the Sikh province of Punjab.
28 March 1849, Wednesday
(-35,104) James Darmesteter, French author, was born (died 19 October 1894).
27 March 1849, Tuesday
(-35,105)
25 March 1849, Sunday
(-35,107) Agenor Goluchowski, Austrian statesman, was born.
24 March 1849, Saturday
(-35,108) Johann Dobereiner, German chemist, died (born 15 December 1780).
23 March 1849, Friday (-35,109)
Victor Emmanuel II became King of Sardinia, on the abdication of his father,
Charles Albert (1789-1849), following the defeat of Charles at the Battle of Novara, against Austria.
Charles had been assisting the Lombards in a rebellion against Austrian rule,
and had been defeated once before by Austria, at the Battle of Custozza (25
July 1848), by forces under Radetzky (following this 1848 defeat, the Salasco
Armistice was signed).
19 March 1849, Monday (-35,113)
Alfred von Tirpitz, German Admiral, was born in Kustrin, Brandenburg, Prussia.
17 March 1849, Saturday (-35,115) (1) Elastic bands patented, by Stephen
Perry�s London rubber company.
(2) The railway from Limerick Junction to Mallow opened.
15
March 1849, Thursday (-35,117)
(Christian) Guiseppe Mezzofanti, Italian Cardinal, died (born 17 September 1774)
11
March 1849, Sunday (-35,121) William
Etty, British painter, died (born 10 March 1787).
5 March 1849, Monday (-35,127) The
US Department of the Interior was created. It became custodian of the nations�s
resources.
4 March 1849, Sunday (-35,128) A final
new constitution was introduced in Austria, with watered-down reforms including
limited siuffrage, a reformed judiciary and the abolition of feudalism and
serfdom. The population was coereced into accepting this by the invitation to
Russian troops (issued 5/1849) to �protect� Austro-Hungasry
=====================================================================================
21
February 1849. Wednesday (-35,139)
Sikh forces were decisively defeated by the British at the Battle of
Gujerat. This concluded the Second Sikh War; Britain annexed Punjab.
15 February 1849, Thursday (-35,145)
The Dundalk to Drogheda (22 miles) and the Dundalk to Castle Blayney (18 miles)
opened.
13 February 1849, Tuesday (-35,147) Lord Randolph Churchill, British
Conservative politician and father of Winston Churchill, was born at Blenheim
Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire.
10 February 1849, Saturday (-35,150) Bernard
Barton, English poet, died in Woodbridge (born in Carlisle 31 January 1784).
9 February 1849, Friday (-35,151) The Republic of Rome was
proclaimed by Garibaldi. His Nationalist Army came under attack (from 30 April 1849)
from a combined force of French, Austrian, Tuscan, Spanish and Neapolitan
troops.
6
February 1849, Tuesday (-35,154)
4
February 1849, Sunday (-35,156) Jean
Richepin, French novelist, was born in Medea, Algeria.
1 February 1849, Thursday (-35,159)
The line from Edinbiurgh to Galashiels opened for goods.
====================================================================================
31 January 1849, Wednesday (-35,160)
Britain�s Corn Laws were abolished.
30 January 1849, Tuesday (-35,161) Peter
de Wint, English landscape painter, died (born 21 January 1784).
26
January 1849, Friday (-35,165) Thomas
Beddoes, English dramatist, died (born in Clifton 20 July 1803).
23 January 1849, Tuesday (-35,168) English-born
Elizabeth Blackwell graduated from a New York medical school to become the
first female doctor.
22 January 1849, Monday (-35,169)
August Strindberg, playwright, was born in Stockholm, Sweden.
18 January 1849,
Thursday (-35,173) Sir Edmund Burton,
the first Prime Minister of Australia in 1901, was born in Glebe, Sydney.
13
January 1849, Saturday
(-35,178) British forces defeated the Sikh armies at Jallianwalla
6 January 1849,
Saturday (-35,185) Hartley Coleridge, English writer, died
(born 19 September 1796).
5 January 1849,
Friday (-35,186) Franz Josef�s Austrian troops
arrived in Buda, to occupy Buda and Pest, and suppress the Hungarian
Revolution.
4 January 1849,
Thursday (-35,187) (India)
British forces captured the city of Multan, India.
1 January 1849, Monday (-35,190)
=====================================================================================
31 December 1848,
Sunday (-35,191) Johann Hermann, German scholarly writer, died
(born 28 November 1772).
23
December 1848, Saturday (-35,199)
James Cowles Prichard, English physician, died in London (born 11 February 1786
in Ross, Herefordshire)
20 December 1848,
Wednesday (-35,202)
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed President of France.
19 December 1848.
Tuesday (-35,203) Emily Bronte, English novelist who wrote Wuthering
Heights, born 30 July 1818, died from tuberculosis, aged 30.
18 December 1848,
Monday (-55,204) Bernhard Bolzano, Austrian
clerical writer, died in Prague (born in Prague 5 October 1781).
16
December 1848, Saturday (-35,206)
15 December 1848, Friday (-35,207) Edwin
Blashfield, US artist, was born in New York City.
14 December 1848, Thursday (-35,208)
Jean Letronne, French archeological writer, died.
11 December 1848,
Monday (-35,211) Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte was elected President of the French Republic by a large majority.
2 December 1848,
Saturday (-35,220)
Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated in favour of his nephew, Francis
Joseph. The Reichstag was moved out
to Moravia, then dismissed entirely.
===================================================================================
29 November 1848,
Wednesday (-35,223) (Britain)
Charles Buller, MP for Liskeard, died (born 6 August 1806)
27
November 1848, Monday (-35,225) (Scitech) Henry Augustus Rowland, Us physicist,
was born in Pennsylvania (died 16 April 1901)
24 November 1848,
Friday (-35,228) William Fielding, Canadian
politician, was born.
23 November 1848,
Thursday (-35,229) (Britain)
Sir John Barrow, British politician died (born near Ulverstone, Lancashire, 19
June� 1764)
21
November 1848, Tuesday
(-35,231)
16 November 1848,
Thursday (-35,236) Charles Bemont, scholarly
writer, was born in Paris.
15 November 1848, Wednesday
(-35,237) Pellegrino Rossi, Italian statesman, died (born in Carrara 13
July 1787)
11 November 1848,
Saturday (-35,241) Hans Delbruck, German historical writer,
was born.
9
November 1848, Thursday
(-35,243) Robert Blum, German politician, was executed.
6 November 1848,
Monday (-35,246) Richard Jefferies, English
naturalist writer, was born (died 14 August 1887).
3 November 1848, Friday (-35,249) (Rail
travel) First railway in
Guyana opened. It ran from Georgetown to Mahiba.
1 November 1848.
Wednesday (-35,251) W H Smith opened his first bookstall at
Euston Station, London, the start of multiple retailing in Britain.
====================================================================================
28 October 1848,
Saturday (-35,255) (Rail
travel) The first railway in
Spain opened, Barcelona to Matara, 27 km.
25 October 1848, Wednesday (-35,258)
Karl Franzos, German novelist, was born (died 28 January 1904).
14 October 1848, Saturday (-35,269) The railway from Ruabon to Shrewsbury
opened, completing the line from Chester.
13 October 1848, Friday (-35,270) Persia�s Kajar Shah Mohammed
Ali died aged 38, after a 13-year reign during which he has nearly bankrupted
the country and almost precipitated a revolution. He was succeeded by his
17-year-old son, Nasr-ed-Din, who reigned until 1896. He was assisted, until
1852, by the capable Finance Minister, Taki Khan.
9 October 1848, Monday (-35,274)
Frank Duvenek, US portrait painter, was born.
6 October 1848, Friday (-35,277) Renewed popular uprising in
Vienna, as reforms stalled. It was harshly suppressed three days later.
5 October 1848, Thursday (-35,278)
Jean Detaille, French painter, was born.
4 October 1848, Wednesday (-35,279) Frederic Edward
Weatherley, Britis songwriter, was born in Portishead, Somerset (died 7
September 1929 in Weybridge, Surrey)
2 October 1848, Monday (-35,281) Georg
Goldfuss, German palaeontological writer, died (born 18 April 1782).
===================================================================================
26 September 1848, Tuesday (-35,287)
William Scott, champion jockey, was born.
23 September 1848,
Saturday (-35,290) Chewing gum was commercially
produced for the first time. It was called �State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum�.
21 September 1848,
Thursday (-35,292) Lord William Bentinck,
British politician, died in Welbeck (born 27 February 1802).
20 September 1848, Wednesday
(-35,293) (Scitech) The Amerrican Association for the Advancement of Science
was was established.
12 September 1848,
Tuesday (-35,301) (Switzerland)
Switzerland adopted a Federal constitution.
10 September 1848, Sunday (-35,303)
The South Devon Railway ceased using atmospheric traction between Extere and
Newton Abbot. The system meant locomotoves could be dispensed with, but was
prone to huge technical problems and was very expensive.
9 September 1848, Saturday (-35,304)
France limited the work hours for all adults to 12 in any 24 hour period, at
usines et manufactures. The workplaces covered by this law were clarified in
1851 as 1) industrial establishments with motor power or continual furnaces and
2) workshops with over 20 employees. Previously, in 1841, France had banned all
childen aged undee 8 from factory employment, and proscribed all night labour
for children aged under 13. From 1892, daytime factory labour for children aged
under 13 was also illegal. From 1900, for children or women, the 12-hour limit
was reduced to 11 and at 2-year intervals from April 1900, was to be cut at
10.5 and then 10 hours.
8 September 1848,
Friday (-35,305) (Chemistry)
Viktor Meyer, German organic chemist, was born in Berlin.
7 September 1848.
Thursday (-35,306) The Congress in
Vienna, which opened on 22 July 1848, abolished
serfdom, and the feudal system of land tenure. This greatly
benefited the Czechs, who since the Battle of the White Mountains, 1620, had
become a peasant nation, with only the beginnings of a middle class by 1800.
After serfdom was abolished, the system of peasant ownership of land allowed
national wealth to be built up, and personal liberty enabled an educational
system to be established.
5
September 1848, Tuesday
(-35,308) The Wiltshire Somerset & Weymouth Railway opened from
Thingley Junction to Westbury, 17 miles.
====================================================================================
26 August 1848.
Saturday (-35,318) (1) Garibaldi was defeated by the Austrians at
Morrazone.
(2) Denmark
and Prussia signed a truce at Malmo. Both agreed to evacuate the disputed
territory of Schleswig-Holstein.
24 August 1848, Thursday (-35,320) John Cramer, English geographical writer,
died (born 1793).
22 August 1848, Tuesday (-35,322) (1) Mathieu Louisi became the first Black MP to
sit in a European Parliament when he was elected representative for Guadeloupe
to the French Parliament. His maiden speech in November calling for more
harmonious relations between the races was met with disapproval, and he lost
his seat at the next election.
(2) The world�s first aerial bombing raid was carried out
by the Austrians against the defenders of Venice. Unmanned hot air balloons
with 30 pound bombs were sent across; they caused little damage but much
bemusement.
12 August 1848,
Saturday (-35,332) George
Stephenson, the engineer who built the first modern railway in 1825, from Stockton
to Darlington, died at Tapton, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
10
August 1848, Thursday
(-35,334)
9 August 1848, Wednesday
(-35,335) Frederick Marryat, English novelist, died.
8 August 1849,
Tuesday (-35,336) (Italy)
Ugo Bassi, Italian patriot, was executed.
7 August 1848,
Monday (-35,337) (Chemistry)
Jons Berzelius, chemist, died in Stockholm
5
August 1848, Saturday
(-35,339)
3 August 1848, Thursday
(-35,341) Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, English writer, died near Bolougne,
France (born 10 March 1799 in Dartmouth).
2 August 1848,
Wednesday (-35,342)
The railway from Belfast to Holywood opened.
1
August 1848, Tuesday
(-35,343)
=====================================================================================
26 July 1848,
Wednesday (-35,349) (Italy) Battle of Volta; along with
Custozza 24-55 July), Italians being forced back by Austrians
25 July 1848, Tuesday (-35,350) Arthur
James Balfour, British Conservative and Prime Minister, was born in East
Lothian, Scotland.
24 July 1848,
Monday (-35,351) (1) (Italy) At the Battle of Custozza,
Piedmontese forces were defeated by Austrian Field Marshal Count Radetzky.
Austria continued to rule Lombardy.
(2) The Carlow to Bagenalstown
railway, 10 miles, opened.
22 July 1848,
Saturday (-35,353)
19 July 1848,
Wednesday (-35,356)
At the first women�s rights convention, at Seneca Falls, New York State,
female rights campaigner Amelia Bloomer, born on 27 May 1818 in New York,
introduced �bloomers� to the
world. She described these as �the lower part of a rational female dress�. The
wearing of trousers by a woman caused much concern. She was campaigning for women�s equality in voting, religion,
marriage, work, education, and society. New York, in 1848, passed the Married
Women�s Property Act allowing divorced women to keep some of their possessions.
18 July 1848,
Tuesday (-35,357) The cricketer W G
Grace was born at Downend near Bristol.
13 July 1848,
Thursday (-35,362)
The first train arrived at London�s new Waterloo Station, from Southampton, see
1 July 1848.
11
July 1848, Tuesday
(-35,364) The London & South Western Railway extended its line from
Nine Elms to the more central London terminus of Waterloo.
9 July 1848,
Sunday (-35,366) Jaime Balmes, Spanish writer, died in Vich (
born in Vich, Catalonia, 28 August 1810).
6 July 1848,
Thursday (-35,369) (Railways)
Gabor Baross, who developed the Austro-Hungarian railway system, was born in
Trencsen (died in Hungary 8 May 1892).
5 July 1848,
Wednesday (-35,370) William Butler, Irish
writer, died.
4 July 1848,
Tuesday (-35,371) The Communist
Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels, was published.
3 July 1848,
Monday (-35,372)
The Thurles to Limerick Junction railway, 20 � miles, opened.
1 July 1848, Saturday (-35,374)
Waterloo Station, London, was completed.�
Previously, trains had terminated at Nine Elms, 2 � miles south-west,
and rail passengers took a steamboat to The City.� See 13 July 1848.
===================================================================================
27 June� 1848, Tuesday (-25,378) (France)
Denis Affre, Archbishop of Paris (born 27 September 1793) died.
26 June� 1848, Monday (-25,379) (France)
Riots in Paris from the 23rd to the 26th June. See 27
February 1848.
25 June� 1848, Sunday (-25,380)
24 June� 1848, Saturday (-35,381) Brooks Adams, US historian, (died 13
February 1927) was born.
23 June� 1848, Friday (-35,382) Adolfe Sax, born on 6 November 1814
in Dinant, Belgium, was awarded a patent for the saxophone. �The instrument came to be associated with
immorality, causing The Vatican to officially condemn its use.
22 June� 1848, Thursday (-35,383) (Medical)
Sir William Macewen, surgeon, was born.
20
June� 1848, Tuesday (-35,385)
18 June� 1848, Sunday (-35,387) (India) A
Sikh force was defeated by the British at Kinyeri
17 June� 1848, Saturday (-35,388) The revolt in Prague was suppressed by
Austrian troops.
15
June 1848, Thursday (-35,390) Thomas
Steele, Irish politician, died in London (born 3 November 1788)
13 July 1848, Tuesday (-35,392) The
London Fencing Club was established.
12 June� 1848, Monday (-35,393) Revolution by students and workers in
Prague
9 June� 1848, Friday
(-35,396) (Italy)
Austrian forces recaptured Vicenza from the Italians.
7 June� 1848, Wednesday
(-35,398) Paul Gauguin, French painter, was born in Paris.� He was the son of a journalist.
===================================================================================
30 May 1848, Tuesday (-35,406) (Italy)
Battle of Goito (also fighting at Curtatone,29/5), Italians fighting Austrians.
29 May 1848, Monday (-35,407) Wisconsin
became the 30th State of the Union.
24
May 1848, Wednesday (-35,412) Annette
Droste-Hulshoff, German poet, died (born 10 January 1797)
22
May 1848, Monday (-35,410) The
Scottish Central Railway opened the 33 mile line between Perth and Stirling.
20
May 1848, Saturday (-35,412) George
John Romanes, British biologist, was born in Kingston, Canada (died 23 May 1894
in Oxford, England)
13 May 1848, Saturday (-35,423) Alexander Baring, British financier
and politician, died (born 27 October 1774)
11 May 1848, Thursday (-35,425) The Kilkenny to Thomastown
railway, 10 � miles, opened.
10 May 1848, Wednesday (-35,426)
The French Assembly spurned the proposal of Louis Blanc to establish a Ministry
of Labour and Progress, a bold measure to implement Blanc's socialist agenda.
9 May 1848, Tuesday (-35,427) The Limerick to Tipperary
railway, 24 � miles, opened.
7
May 1848, Sunday (-35,429)
6 May 1848, Saturday (-35,430) (Italy)
Battle of St Lucia di Verona, Italian forces attempting toforce back Austrians
5 May 1848, Friday (-35,431) The
South Devon Railway was extended to Plymouth
3
May 1848, Wednesday (-35,433)
2 May 1848. Tuesday (-35,434) Prussia
invaded Denmark over the Schleswig-Holstein question.
1 May 1848, Monday (-35,435) The
Chester anfd Holyhead Railway opened from Chester to Bangor.
===================================================================================
29
April 1848, Saturday (-35,437) (Italy)
Italian forces halted at Pastrengo by Austrians.
25 April 1848, Tuesday (-35,441)
Thomas Armitage, cricketer for England, was born in Sheffield (died in Chicago,
USA, 21 September 1922)
24 April 1848, Monday (-35,442)
Francois van Campenhout, Belgian composer, died in Brussels (born 5 February
1779 in Brussels)
23 April 1848, Sunday (-35,443) Easter
Sunday.
22 April 1848, Saturday (-35,444) To placate a restive
peasantry, the governor of Galicia, Franz von Stadion, ordered that peasant
tenant farmers should receive the freehold to their land and the gentry
landlords be compensated by the State. Furthermore on 7 September 1848 (see
date above also) the peasants were granted unrestricted access to woods,
meadows and pastures.
21
April 1848, Friday (-35,445)
20 April 1848, Thursday (-35,446) Friedrich
Balduin, German soldier, died (born 24 October 1794).
19 April 1848, Wednesday (-35,447) (Italy) An Italian attack on Mantua was repulsed by
the Austrians.
16
April 1848, Sunday (-35,450)
14 April 1848, Friday (-35,452) (Italy)
Italian troops began a siege of Austrian forces at Peschiera; the town held out
until end-May.
13 April 1848. Thursday (-35,453)
Sicily declared itself independent from Naples.
12 April 1848, Wednesday (-35,454) Charles Dickens� seventh
book, Dombey and Son, was published in entirety.
11 April 1848, Tuesday (-35,455) The railway from Belfast to
Ballymena, 33 � miles, also the Carrickfergus branch (3 miles) and the
Randalstown branch (2 miles) opened.
10 April 1848, Monday (-35,456) A further Chartist petition
was rejected (see 28 February 1837).
9 April 1848, Sunday (-35,457) (Italy) Italian troops fighting Austria forced a
passage across the River Mincio toits eastern bank.
8 April 1848, Saturday (-35,458) A new
Austrian constitution, the Pillersdorf Constitution, was prepared. This
proposed a constitutional monarchy and universal suffrage. However the Austrian
Prime Minister attempted to block its implementatoion by dissolving trhe
Reichstag and arresting reformers. The entire reforming process then
stalled because Austria was facing regional problems.
3
April 1848, Monday (-35,463)
Georges Ohnet, mFrench novelist, was born in Paris.
1 April 1848, Saturday (-35,465)
Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer, died (born 1798).
=====================================================================================
31 March 1848, Friday (-35,466) The
Emperor of Austria was forced to agree to Hungarian demands for autonomy
(voirtual independence); however he planned a military strategy to crush the
Hungarian rebels.
30 March 1848, Thursday (-35,467) Niagara Falls ceased to flow
for 30 hours, as an ice dam built up in Lake Erie.
29 March 1848, Wednesday (-35,468) (USA)
John Jacob Astor, US fur merchant and philanthropist, died in New
York City (born 17 July 1763 in Walldorf, Germany).
26
March 1848, Sunday (-35,471) John
Collins, English literary critic, was born (died 15 September 1908).
23
March 1848. Thursday (-35,474)
(1) Hungary proclaimed its independence from
Austria.� On 5 January 1849 Budapest
surrendered to the Austrians.
(2) The first official settlement at Dunedin, New
Zealand.
(3) (Italy) Following
the Milan Revolution, Piedmont declared a patriotic war against Austria.
20 March 1848, Monday (-35,477) Ludwig I, King of Bavaria,
abdicated.
19 March 1848, Sunday (-35,478) Wyatt
Earp, American law enforcer, was born in Monmouth, Illinois.
18 March 1848, Saturday (-35,479) Revolution broke out in
Milan. This was the Cinque Giornate, �Five Days� of street fighting that
heralded the start of the anti-Austrian Revolution in Lombardy. Radetzky was
driven from Milan, and a provisional government established under Carlo
Cattaneo.
17 March 1848, Friday (-35,480) Protests in Berlin against
the conservatism of Prussian ruler Frederick William IV
16
March 1848, Thursday (-35,481)
15 March 1848, Wednesday
(-35,482) Emperor Ferdinand of Austria made concessions to the Hungarian agitants,
promising a liberal conasitution amnd freedom of the press.
14 March 1848, Tuesday (-35,483) (Cartography)
Adrian Balbi, Italian geographer, died 14 March 1848 in Padua (born in Venice
25 April 1782).
13 March 1848, Monday
(-35,484) Peaceful demonstrations in central Vienna, demanding political
reform, turned violent and spread to the suburbs. The Austrian Government was
frightened.
7
March 1848, Tuesday (-35.490)
Irish Nationalist leader Thomas Francis Meagher unveiled the current Irish flag
at a meeting in Waterford. He explained the design as the central white third
representing a truce between the Protestant Orange and the Catholic Green
factions.
3 March 1848, Friday (-35,494) Louis-Philippe
of France arrived in England, following his abdication. Meanwhile economic
depression and hunger, and discontent amongst the growing middle classes, was
spurring revolution across Europe. Demonstrations occurred in Vienna and across
Hungarian cities; ethnic minorities within the Austro-Hungarian Empire were
demanding self-rule. Venice proclaimed independence from Austria.
2 March 1848, Thursday (-35,495) (France) Universal male suffrage was enacted in
France, giving the country nine million new voters.
1 March 1848, Wednesday (-35,496)
The Portadown to Armagh railway, 10 � miles, opened.
====================================================================================
29 February 1848, Tuesday (-35,497) Arthur Giry, French historical writer, was
born (died 13 November 1899).
28 February 1848, Monday (-35,498) (France) French
workers demonstrated in the Place de l'H�tel-de-Ville, Paris, to demand a
Ministry of Labour and the 10-hour day.
27 February 1848. Sunday (-35,499) France created national workshops to
relieve unemployment.
26 February 1848, Saturday (-35,500)
The Second French Republic was proclaimed. See 24 February 1848
25 February 1848, Friday (-35,501) (France) Lamartine rejected the proposed Socialist Red Flag as
the new French flag, preferring the �liberal democratic� Tricolour to the
�Blood Flag of anarchy�.
24 February 1848. Thursday (-35,502)
The French monarchy fell as King Louis Philippe fled to exile in
England. See 26 February 1848
23 February 1848, Wednesday (-35,503) John Quincy Adams, 6th
American President from 1825 to 1829, died in the White House
22 February 1848, Tuesday (-35,504) (France) In France a socialist �banquet�, or
political meeting, to commemorate the birthday of George Washington was banned.
This ban caused major unrest and riots in the following days.
21 February 1848, Monday (-35,505)
The Communist Manifesto was first published.
20
February 1848, Sunday (-35,506)
19 February 1848, Saturday (-35,507) The
line from Edinbiurgh to Galashiels opened for passengers.
18 February 1848, Friday (-35,508)
Louis Comfort Tiffany, US artist, was born in New York City
16
February 1848, Wednesday (-35,510)
15 February 1848, Tuesday (-35,511) The
Caldeonian Railway opened from Beattock to Glasgow.
14 February 1848, Monday (-35,512) William
Tennant, Scottish author, died (born in Fife 15 May 1784)
13
February 1848, Sunday (-35,513)
12 February 1848, Saturday (-35,514) In
France, the Liberal Opposition to the Conservative Guizot Government in France
reduced Guizot�s majority to 43 in the Chamber of Deputies.
11 February 1848, Friday (-35,515) Thomas
Cole, US landscape painter, died (born 1 February 1801).
5
February 1848, Saturday (-35,521) Joris
Huysmans, French novelist, was born (died 13 May 1907).
2
February 1848. Wednesday (-35,524) Mexico finally
collapsed after nearly 2 years of war with the USA, in which 13,000 US soldiers were killed. Under the Treaty of Hidalgo,
signed at Vera Cruz, Mexico surrendered Texas,
New Mexico, and California for a payment of US$15million. The size of the USA
was thus increased by nearly a third. The Mexicans feared US
occupation of their own country and had no money left to fund the war.
=====================================================================================
29
January 1848, Saturday (-35,528) Johann
Gorres, German writer, died (born 25 January 1776)
25 January 1848, Tuesday (-35,532) Louis
Vicaire, French poet, was born in Belfort (died in Paris 23 September 1900)
24 January 1848. Monday (-35,533) Gold was discovered at Sutlers Mill in California, by James Marshall. This started the Gold Rush. In 1841 a prospector, Francisco
Lopez, found gold traces in the roots of a freshly dug onion. Farmers, clerks,
even church ministers, headed west, although
some suspected that the US government fostered the Gold Rush to encourage
population growth in the former Mexican territory. A major gold find was
made by prospector J A Shutter, and by 1849 over 80,000 people had flooded into
the area; in 1840 California had just 14,000 inhabitants. US Congress agreed to
the issue of a US$20 �double eagle�. Many gambling houses sprang up in the
area, along with bars and brothels. San
Francisco grew from a small village to a town of 25,000 within a few
months. Food prices rocketed;
apples were $5 each, eggs $10 a dozen, and a small whisky sold for a pinch of
gold dust.
22
January 1848, Saturday (-35,535)
21 January 1848, Friday (-35,536)
Henri Duparc, French composer, was born in Paris (died 12 February 1933 in Mont
de Marsan)
20 January 1848, Thursday (-35,537) Christian
VIII of Denmark died aged 50, after a reign of less than 9 years. He was
succeeded by his 39-year-old son, Frederick VI, who ruled until 1863, and
fought a war with Germany over Schleswig-Holstein.
19 January 1848, Wednesday (-35,538)
Matthew Webb, the first person to swim the English Channel, was born in
Dawley, Shropshire, the son of a doctor.
12
January 1848, Wednesday (-35,545)
In Palermo, an uprising began against the misrule of Ferdinand II of Naples.
10 January 1848, Monday (-35,547) The
South Devon Railway began atmospheric traction between teignmouth and Newton
Abbot.
9 January 1848, Sunday (-35,548) Caroline
Herschel, English astronomer, died (born 16 March 1750).
2
January 1848, Sunday (-35,555) Cigar
workers began a 3-day riot in Naples.
1 January 1848, Saturday (-35,556)
=====================================================================================
29
December 1847, Wednesday (-35,559) William
Crotch, English musician, died (born 5 July 1775).
26 December 1847, Sunday (-35,562) Hugh
Conway, novelist, was born (died 15 May 1885).
25 December 1847, Saturday (-35,563)
Frederick Dielmann, US painter, was born.
21
December 1847, Tuesday (-35,567)
John Chard, British soldier, was born (died 1 November 1897).
18 December 1847, Saturday (-35,570) Marie
Louise, 2nd wife of Napoleon I, died (born 12 December 1791).
17 December 1847, Friday (-35,571)
Emile Faguet, French writer, was born.
14
December 1847, Tuesday (-35,574)
12 December 1847, Sunday (-35,576) James Kent,
US legal writer, died (born 31 July 1763)
11 December 1847, Saturday (-35,577) Moritz
Strachwitz, German poet, died in Vienna (born 13 March 1822 in Silesia)
10
December 1847, Friday (-35,578)
9 December 1847, Thursday (-35,579)
George Grossmith, English comedian, was born.
8 December 1847. Wednesday (-35,580) In Britain, an international
convention of the Communist League
adopted Karl Marx�s principles of the overthrow of the middle classes and the
dictatorship of the proletariat.
7 December 1847, Tuesday (-35,581) Robert
Liston, surgeon, died (born 28 October 1794)
6 December 1847, Monday (-35,582) The
Drury Lane Theatre opened in London
====================================================================================
29
November 1847. Monday (-35,589)
27 November 1847, Saturday (-35,591)
Cayeuse Amerindians killed 14 White settlers in the Oregon area, whom they
blamed for the measles epidemic that had killed many of the Cayeuse.
26 November 1847, Friday (-35,592)
Harvey Elmes, British architect, died (born 1813).
24
November 1847, Wednesday (-35,594) In
Switzerland, end of the brief and almost bloodless Sonderbund War. Protestant
Swiss Liberals attempted to impose their policies, which included a stronger
central government, mfreedom of worship, amnd secularised education (entailing
expulsion of the Jesuits) on all of Switzerland. This was strongly opposed by
Swiss Catholics, and seven mainly Catholic cantons (Lucern, Uri, Schwyz,
Unterwalden, Fribourg, Zyg and Valais) formed, in 1845, the Sonderbund
(Separatist League). This move was voted down by the Reformist majority in the
Sweiss Diet, who ordered the dissolution of the Sonderbund in 1847. The
Sonderbund appealed, vainly, for outside help and Federal troops under General
Guillaume Henri Dufour (1787-1875) moved in against the Sonderbund forces, who
were greatly outnumbered. This episode led to the establishment of a strong
Federal Government in Switzerland.
20 November 1847, Saturday (-35,598)
Henry
Lyte, religious writer, died (born 1 June�
1793).
19 November 1847, Friday (-35,599) Mary
Foote, US author, was born.
18 November 1847, Thursday (-35,600) William
Edward Norris, English novelist, was born.
14
November 1847, Sunday (-35,604)
10 November 1847, Wednesday (-35,608)
Frederick Bridgman, painter, was born
9 November 1847, Tuesday (-35,609) Obstetrician Sir James
Simpson, Professor of Midwifery at the University of Edinburgh demonstrated a
new anaesthetic, trichloromethane, better known as chloroform. Claimed to be
three times as effective as ether, it was to be of great use during difficult
childbirths; however Scottish Calvinists opposed the use of any anaesthetic
during childbirth.
8 November 1847. Monday (-35,610) Bram Stoker, author of Dracula,
was born in Dublin.
4
November 1847. Thursday (-35,614) Composer Felix Mendelssohn
died in Leipzig of a stroke, aged 38.
1
November 1847, Monday (-35,617)
Marie Albani, Canadian soprano singer, was born near Montreal (died 3 April
1930 in London)
=================================================================================
23
October 1847, Saturday (-35,626) Henry
Smith, US religious writer, was born in Troy, Ohio.
16
October 1847, Saturday (-35,633) Jane Eyre was first published.
13
October 1847, Wednesday (-35,636) Johann
Ess, German religious writer, died (born 15 February 1772).
7
October 1847, Thursday (-35,642) (Geology)
Alexandre Brogniart, French geologist, died (born 5 February 1770).
2 October 1847, Saturday (-35,647) Paul von Hindenburg, German
politician, was born.
1 October 1847, Friday (-35,648) Annie Besant, social reformer
and theosophist, was born. With radical atheist Charles Bradlaugh, she promoted
birth control, for which she was prosecuted.
===================================================================================
30 September 1847, Thursday (-35,649)
John Spencer Curwen, musicologist, was born in London (died 6 August 1916 in
London)
27
September 1847, Monday (-35,652) (Arts)
Marie Lajeunesse, or Albani, Canadian singer, was born in Chambly, Quebec.
16 September 1847, Thursday (-35,663)
Shakespeare�s birthplace in Stratford on Avon was purchased by the
specially-formed Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. This was one of the first
buildings acquired purely for preservation.
14 September 1847. Tuesday (-35,665) US troops stormed and
captured Mexico City, ending the US war with Mexico. With US forces capturing
Texas, New Mexico and California, Mexico lost a third of its territory.
13 September 1847, Monday (-35,666) The
South Devon Railway began atmospheric traction between Exeter and Teignmouth.
10
September 1847, Friday (-35,669) The
Caledonian railway opened from Carlisle to Beattock.
5
September 1847. Sunday (-35,674) Jesse James, American outlaw,
was born near Kansas City. With his elder brother, Frank, he led the first gang
to carry out train robberies.
3 September 1847, Friday (-35,676) James Hannington, first
Bishop of Equatorial Africa, was born.
2 September 1847, Thursday (-35,677)
George Robert Sims, English author, was born.
1
September 1847, Wednesday (-35,678)
====================================================================================
29
August 1847, Sunday (-35,681) William
Simson, Scottish painter, died in London (born 1800 in Dundee)
24 August 1847, Tuesday (-35,686)
Charles McKim, US architect, was born (died 14 September 1909).
23 August 1847, Monday (-35,687)
The Higham and Strood Canal Tunnels in Kent were drained and converted into
railway tunnels.
22 August 1847, Sunday (-35,688) Sir John
Forrrest, explorer and surveyor of Australia in the 1870s, was born.
20
August 1847, Friday (-35,690)
Andrew Greenwood, cricketer for England, was born in Yorkshire (died 12
February 1889 in Huddersfield).
14
August 1847, Saturday (-35,696) Frans
Franzen Swedish poet, died (born 9 February 1772).
9
August 1847, Monday (-35,701) Andrew
Combe, physiologist, died (born 27 October 1797)
=====================================================================================
28
July 1847, Wednesday (-35,713) John
Walter, who helped to found The Times of London, died (born 23 February 1776)
26 July 1847, Monday (-35,715) (Liberia)
Liberia became the first African
colony to attain independence.
25 July 1847, Sunday (-35,716) (Medical)� Physician Paul Langerhans was born in Berlin,
Germany. In 1869 he discovered the small groups of cells in the pancreas now
known as the islets of Langerhans. They were later discovered to be the source
of insulin.
24 July 1847. Saturday (-35,717) A group of Mormons under Brigham Young founded a
settlement on the banks of the Great
Salt Lake, Utah. The Mormons had been driven by mobs from their former
homes in Illinois.
17
July 1847, Saturday (-35,724) James
Cotton, writer on India, was born.
10
July 1847, Saturday (-35,731) The
first Chinese migrants arrived in the USA. They came on the ship� Kee
Ying, from Canton (Guangzhou).
1
July 1847, Thursday (-35,740) (1)
The first adhesive stamps went on sale in the USA; the 5-cent Benjamin
Franklin and the 10-cent George Washington.
(2) The Newcastle and Berwick Railway was completed through
to Tweedmouth, giving a through service from England to Scotland.
==================================================================================
26
June� 1847, Saturday (-35,745) (1) The first railway in Denmark opened;
Copenhagen to Roskilde. The Altona to Kiel railway, opened 1844, was in Danish
territory when built but is now in German territory.
(2) The London North Western railway opened the line from
Rugby through Lichfield to Stafford
15
June 1847, Tuesday (-35,756)
Alexander Saint Albin, French politician, died (born 1773 in Paris)
11 June� 1847, Friday (-35,760) Sir
John Franklin, the British Arctic explorer, died in Canada attempting to
discover the north-west passage.
10 June� 1847, The Chicago
Tribune began publication, as the Chicago Daily Tribune.
8
June� 1847. Tuesday (-35,763) Britain passed an Act limiting the working day of women and
children aged 13 to 18 to ten hours.
1 June� 1847. Tuesday
(-35,770) (1)
The Communist Party, then
called the League of the Just, met at a congress in London organised by Joseph
Moll. The purpose of the meeting was to secure the co-operation of Karl Marx
and Friedrich Engels in formulating the Party programme. Marx did not attend
because of the cost of travel from Brussels. The Party aims were the downfall
of the bourgeoisie, the rule of the proletariat, and the establishment of a new
society without class or private property. The first Russian Communist meeting
was at Minsk on 1 � 3 March 1898, where 9 delegates met. All were subsequently
arrested and none played a significant role in later politics.
(2) The London and South Western railway opened the line
from Southampton to Dorchester.
====================================================================================
30 May 1847, Sunday (-35,772) Thomas
Chalmers, Scottish religious writer, died (born 17 March 1780).
29 May 1847, Saturday (-35,773) Alexander
Everett, US writer, died (born 19 March 1790).
24
May 1847, Monday (-35,778) A
cast iron railway bridge over the River Dee at Chester collapsed as a train
passed over it. The bridge�s designer, Robert Stephenson, came close to being
convicted for manslaughter.
15 May 1847, Saturday (-35,787) Daniel
O�Connell (born 6 August 1775, County Kerry) died in Genoa on his way to Rome.
He fought against the 1801 Act of Union between Ireland and Great Britain.
Irish Catholics could not sit in the United Kingdom Parliament, and also had to
pay taxes towards the Protestant Church of England. Catholic anger caused the
UK Government to pass a Bill emancipating Catholics in 1829. However O�Connell�s
ultimate goal, repeal of the Act of Union and Home Rule for Ireland, was not
achieved in his lifetime,
14 May 1847, Friday (-35,788) HMS Driver arrived at Spithead, England, having become the first
steamship to complete a round the world voyage.
10
May 1847, Monday (-35,792) The
London Brighton and South Coast railway opened the line from West Croydon to
Epsom, 8 miles, to cater for the large crowds attending Epsom Races.
7
May 1847, Friday (-35,795) The American Medical Association
was founded.
4
May 1847, Tuesday (-35,798)
Alexendre Rodolphe Vinet, French scholarly writer, died (born 17 June 1797 near
Lausanne)
====================================================================================
30
April 1847, Friday (-35,802) Charles,
Archduke of Austria, died (born 5 September 1771).
23
April 1847, Friday (-35,809) Erik
Geijer, Swedish historical writer, died (born 12 January 1783).
19 April 1847, Monday (-35,813) The railway from Londonderry
to Strabane, 14 � miles, opened.
18 April 1847, Sunday (-35,814) US troops under General
Winfield Scott defeated Mexican forces under Santa Anna at Cerro Gordo.
12
April 1847, Monday (-35,820)
During the war between the USA and Mexico (1846-1848), this day US General
Winfield Scott met the first serious resistance to his advance on Mexico City.
10
April 1847, Saturday (-35,822) Joseph Pulitzer, newspaper
proprietor who founded the Pulitzer Prize for achievements in journalism or
literature, was born.
8 April 1847, Thursday (-35,824) (Music)
London�s former Covet Garden Theatre reopened as a concert hall, opening with a
production of Rossini�s Semiramide.
7 April 1847, Wednesday (-35,825)
Jens Jacobsen, Danish writer, was born (died 30 April 1885).
4 April 1847, Sunday (-35,828)
Easter Sunday
2 April 1847, Friday
(-35,830) Gustave Mesurier, French politician, was born.
===================================================================================
30 March 1847, Tuesday (-35,833)
Christian Jacobs, German scholarly writer, died (born 6 October 1764).
23 March 1847, Tuesday (-35,840)
Edmund Gurney, English psychologist, was born (died 23 June� 1888).
20 March 1847, Saturday
(-35,843) Anne Boutet, French actress, died (born 9 February 1779)
19 March 1847, Friday
(-35, 844) Albert Pinkham Ryder, US artist, was born in New Bedford,
Massachusetts.
17 March 1847, Wednesday
(-35,846) Jean Gerard, French caricaturist, died (born 13 September 1803)
11 March 1847, Thursday
(-35,852) Sidney Sonnino, Italian statesman, was born in Florence.
10 March 1847, Wednesday
(-35,853) Kate Sheppard, suffragist, was born.
8 March 1847, Monday
(-35,855) Louis Masson, French historical writer, was born.
4 March 1847, Thursday
(-35,859) US ships landed troops 13 miles from Vera Cruz, witrh the
ultimate objectibe of capturing the capital, Mexico City.
3 March 1847, Wednesday (-35,860) The inventor of the
telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, was born in Edinburgh.� He was the son of a teacher of elocution.
2 March 1847, Tuesday (-35,861)
Richard Temple, British actor, was born in London (died 19 October 1912 in
London)
====================================================================================
23
February 1847, Tuesday (-35,868) US forces under General
Zachary Taylor defeated the Mexicans under Santa Anna at Buena Vista. The US had ambitions to occupy the entire North
American continent (the Manifest Destiny), including possibly Mexico itself.
The US had taken what is now New Mexico and California (Upper California to
Mexico)
20
February 1847, Saturday (--35,871) William
Terriss, English actor, was born in London (died 16 December 1897)
16
February 1847, Tuesday (-35,875)
Arthur Kinnaird, footballer, was born (died 30 January 1923).
11 February 1847, Thursday (-35,880) Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, was born.
10 February 1847, Wednesday (-35,881)
Albert Hornby, cricketer, was born (died 17 December 1925).
8
February 1847, Monday (-35,883) Hugh
Hughes, British religious writer, was born (died 17 November 1902).
4
February 1847, Thursday (-35,887) (Biology) Rene Dutrochet, physiologist, died
(born 14 November 1776)
====================================================================================
30
January 1847, Saturday (-35,892) Yerba
Buena, California, was renamed San Francisco.
28 January 1847, Thursday (-35,894) Severe
depression, unemployment, and food shortages provoked rioting amongst
agricultural workers in central France. See 27 February 1848.
26 January 1847, Tuesday (-35,896) John Clark, US economist, was born.
14
January 1847, Thursday (-35,908) Wilson Carlile, English
clergyman who founded the Church Army, was born in Buxton, Derbyshire.
1 January 1847, Friday (-35,921)
===================================================================================
31 December 1846, Thursday (-35,922) Conclusion of the �Year of
the Railway mania�.� An unprecedented 272
Railway Acts were passed for lines in Britain.
30 December 1846, Wednesday (-35,923)
The South Devon Railway opened the 5 mile line from Teignmouth to Newton Abbot.
28 December 1846, Monday (-35,925) Iowa
was admitted as the 29th (non-slave) State of the USA.
25
December 1846, Friday (-35,928) US troops defeated the
Mexicans near Las Cruces, virtually completing the conquest of New Mexico.
23 December 1846, Wednesday (-35,930)
(Biology) Jean Boiry, French naturalist, died.
22 December 1846, Tuesday (-35,931) (Sweden)
Oscar Josef Alin, Swedish politician, was born in Falun (died 31 December 1900
in Uppsala).
21 December 1846, Monday (-35,932) Anaesthetic was used in a British hospital for the first time (see
16 October 1846).It was used by surgeon Robert Liston during a leg amputation
at University College Hospital, London.
19
December 1846, Saturday (-35,934) The first dental extraction
under anaesthetic was performed in Britain.
17
December 1846, Thursday (-35,936) The
line from Oxenholme to Carlisle opened.
12 December 1846, Saturday (-35,941) The USA and Colombia agreed
to grant the USA transit rights on the narrow isthmus of Panama between the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
11 December 1846, Friday (-35,942) Francois
Martin, US writer, died (born 17 March 1762).
10 December 1846, Thursday (-35,943)
Frederico Confalioneri, Italian Revolutionary, died (born 1785).
8
December 1846, Tuesday (-35,945)
2 December 1846, Wednesday (-35,951)
Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, Frenchy statesman, was born in Nantes (died 10 August
1904)
1 December 1846, Tuesday (-35,952) The
South eastern Railway opened the Ramsgate to Margate Sands railway.
====================================================================================
30 November 1846, Monday (-35,953) Friedrich
List, German economics writer, died (born 6 August 1789).
23
November 1846, Monday (-35,960)
George Darley, Irish poet, died (born 1795)
8 November 1846, Sunday (-35,975) William
Robertson Smith, Scottish scholarly writer, was born in Keig, Aberdeenshire
(died 31 March 1894 in Cambridge)
7 November 1846, Saturday (-35,976) Ignaz
Brull, Austrian composer, was born in Moravia (died 17 September 1907 in
Vienna)
6 November 1846, Friday (-35,977) Following uprisings in March
1846, the small republic of Cracow was annexed to Austrian-controlled Galicia,
losing its independence.
5
November 1846, Thursday (-35,978)
4 November 1846, Wednesday (-35.979)
The railway from Chester to Shrewsbury opened to as far south as Ruabon
3 November 1846, Tuesday (-35,980)
Francis Millet, US artist, was born.
2 November 1846, Monday (-35,981) Esaias
Tegner, Swedish writer, (died� in Vexlo (born
13 November 1782 in Kyrkerud, Wermland)
===================================================================================
27
October 1846, Tuesday (-35,987)
Louis Bourmont, Marshal of France, died
24
October 1846, Saturday (-35,990) Denis
Luchaire, French historical writer, was born (died 14 November 1908).
21
October 1846, Wednesday (-35,993)
Edmondo de Amicis, Italian writer, was born in Oneglia, Liguria (died in
Bordighera, 12 March 1908).
16
October 1846, Friday (-35,998) Anaesthetic was used successfully for the
first time in a major operation, at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Dentist William Morton Warren used diethyl ether before removing a tumour from
a man�s jaw.
10 October 1846, Saturday (-36,004) Triton,
moon of Neptune, was first observed by English astronomer William Lassell.
9 October 1846, Friday (-36,005)
Holger Drachmann, Danish poet, was born (died 14 January 1908).
6
October 1846, Tuesday (-36,008) George Westinghouse, US
engineer and inventor of the railway air brake, was born in Central Bridge, New
York State.
2
October 1846, Friday (-36,012) The
Midland Railway opened the Stamford branch railway from Peterborough
====================================================================================
26 September 1846, Saturday (-36,018) (Race Equality) Thomas Clarkson, British
anti-slavery campaigner, died (born 28 March 1760)
25 September 1846, Friday (-36,019)
Archibald Henry Sayce, Britidsh Orientalist writer, was born in Shiurehampton.
24
September 1846, Thursday (-36,020)
23 September 1846. Wednesday (-36,021) German astronomer Johann Galle discovered the planet Neptune.� This followed predictions made by Leverrier
and Adams.
22 September 1846, Tuesday (-36,022) The
Lancaster to Oxenholme line opened.
19
September 1846, Saturday (-36,025) Henry
Francis Pelham, scholarly writer, was born in Norfolk (died 13 February 1907)
10 September 1846, Thursday (-36,034)
Elias Howe received the patent for his sewing machine. It could sew at 250
stitches per minute, five times faster than any human could.
9 September 1846, Wednesday (-36,035)
Henri Marion, French philosophical writer, was born (died 5 April 1896).
7
September 1846, Monday (-36,037)
5 September 1846, Saturday (-36,039) Charles
Metcalfe, British colonial administrator of India, died (born 30 January 1785).
4 September 1846, Friday (-36,040) The
Syston (Leicester) to Melton Mowbray Line opened.
2 September 1846, Wednesday (-36,042) Paul Deroulede, French author, was born.
===================================================================================
31 August 1846, Monday (-36,044)
The Surrey Iron Railway, Wandsworth to Croydon, closed; it was dismantled in
1848.
24
August 1846, Monday (-36,051) Adam
Krusenstern, Russian geographiucal writer, died (born 19 November 1770).
13
August 1846, Thursday (-36,062) US
forces took Los Angeles from Mexico.
10
August 1846, Monday (-36,065) The Smithsonian Institute was
founded in Washington DC; it was established by a bequest from the British
scientist James Smithson.
4
August 1846, Tuesday (-36,071) The Dublin to Carlow railway,
56 � miles, opened. The line from Nottingham to Lincoln via Newark opened.
===================================================================================
31 July 1846, Friday (-36,075)
Theodore Fix, Swiss writer, died (born 1800).
30 July 1846, Thursday (-36,076) The USA moved towards a free trade policy,
with Congress passing the Walker Tariff Act. This lowered import duties and
increased the range of duty-free goods, encouranging growth in US trade.
29 July 1846, Wednesday (-36,077)
John Owens, English merchant and philanthropist, died in Manchester (born 1790
in Manchester)
27
July 1846, Monday (-36,079) The London, Brighton and South Coast
railway was formed by an amalgamation of the London and Brighton and the
London and Croydon Railways.
20 July 1846, Monday (-36,086) The
railway from Barrow in Furness to Dalton and Kirkby opened.
19 July 1846, Sunday (-36,087) Charles
Edward Pickering, US astronomer, was born in Boston.
18
July 1846, Saturday (-36,088)
16 July 1846, Thursday (-36,090)
The London and North Western Railway Company was formed from an amalgamation of
the London and Birmingham, the Birmingham and Manchester and Grand Junction
railways.
15 July 1846, Wednesday (-36,091) The first railway in Hungary
opened; Pest to Vacs, 35 km.
13
July 1846, Monday (-36,893)
Laurence Gronlund, US socialist writer, was born (died 15 October 1899).
9
July 1846, Thursday (-36,097) US forces took San Francisco from
Mexico.
7
July 1846. Tuesday
(-36,099) A US squadron
under Commodore John D Sloat sailed into Monterrey Bay and formally claimed
California for the USA, during the Mexican-US War. Pro Mexican
revolts in California on 6 December 1846 were put down by US troops. On 13
January 1847 pro-Mexico fighters finally surrendered to the US in California, ending 25 years of Mexican rule.
5 July 1846, Sunday
(-36,101) Joseph Foraker, US politician, was born.
1 July 1846, Wednesday
(-36,105) The Leeds to Bradford via Shipley railway opened.