Chronography of events from 1 January 1800 to 31 December 1829
Page last
modified 3/10/2022
(-9999) = Day count to end of World
War Two in Europe (day zero = Tuesday).
Easter Sundays derived from https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/easter_text2b.htm
For dates from
1/1/1830 click here
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31/12/1829, Thursday (-42,131) Thomas Maynard became the last person in
England to be hanged for forgery.
25/12/1829, Friday (-42,137) Patrick Gilmore, composer, was born in
Athlone, Ireland (died 24/9/1892)
21/12/1829, Monday (-42,141) (USA)
Laura Bridgman, US blind deaf mute, was born (died24/5/1889).
18/12/1829, Friday (-42,144)
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Lamarck, French scientist, died aged 75.
He believed that extra usage of some feature of an animal strengthened it, and
this enhancement could be passed down the generations.
11/12/1829, Friday (-42,151) Sir Henry Clinton, British soldier, died
(born 1771).
8/12/1829, Tuesday (-42,154) De Rosas made himself Governor of Buenos
Aires.
5/12/1829, Saturday (-42,157) Sir
Henri Joly de Lotbiniere, Canadian politician, was born (died 17/11/1908).
4/12/1829, Friday (-42,158) The
practice of suttee, immolation of widows, was made illegal in
British-controlled India.
1/12/1829, Tuesday (-42,161) Robert Dale, English religious writer, was
born (died 13/3/1895).
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20/11/1829, Friday (-42,172) Albert Bellows, US landscape painter, was
born in Milford, Massachusetts (died in Auburndale, Massachusetts, 24/11/1883).
===================================================================================
30/10/1829, Friday (-42,193) Roscoe Conkling, US politician, was born
(died 18/4/1888).
28/10/1829, Wednesday (-42,195) Immanuel Deutsch, German religious
writer, was born (died 12/5/1873).
14/10/1829, Wednesday (-42,209) Joachim Holtzendorff, German legal
writer, was born (died 4/2/1889).
9/10/1829, Friday (-42,214)
In the US the Carbondale to Honesdale railway was opened by the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company. However the steam locomotives were too heavy for the
track, which was initially worked as a gravity line.
6/10/1829, Tuesday (-42,217)
Trials began at Rainhill near Liverpool for a locomotive to use on the
Liverpool to Manchester railway. The winner was Stephenson�s Rocket.
5/10/1829, Monday (-42,218)
Chester A Arthur, 21st US president, was born.
1/10/1829, Thursday (-42,222) (Universities)
Cape Town University, South Africa, was founded, as the South African College.
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29/9/1829, Tuesday (-42,224)
London police went on duty for the first time.
27/9/1829, Sunday (-42,226) Mount Ararat was first climbed.
22/9/1829, Tuesday (-42,231) (USA) William Belknap, US politician, was
born in Newburgh, New York (died in Washington DC 13/10/1890).
17/9/1829, Thursday (-42,236) Karl Hillebrand, German author, was born
(died 19/10/1884).
15/9/1829, Tuesday
(-42,238) Slavery was abolished in Mexico.
14/9/1829, Monday (-42,239) The Treaty of
Adrianople preserved the Ottoman Empire. Reeling under a series of defeats,
the Turks faced occupation of Istanbul by the Russians; they held back from
this for fear of destroying the Turkish Empire entirely and starting another
European War. The Turks retained nominal sovereignty over Wallachia and
Moldavia, but Russia had the real power here. Europeans grew anxious over the growing power of Russia.
7/9/1829, Monday (-42,246) Ferdinand Hayden, US geological writer, was
born (died 22/12/1887).
5/9/1829, Saturday (-42,248) Pierre
Daru, French statesman, died (born 12/1/1767).
4/9/1829, Friday (-42,249) Sir
Wilfrid Lawson, English politician, was born (died 1/7/1906).
3/9/1829, Thursday (-42,250)
Anton Gindely, German historical writer, was born (died 24/10/1892).
======================================================================================
27/8/1829, Thursday (-42,257) Gustaf Lindstrom, Swedish
palaeontologist, was born (died 16/5/1901).
20/8/1829, Thursday (-42,264)
Henry Liddon, English religious writer, was born (died 9/9/1890).
19/8/1829, Wednesday (-42,265)
Edward Moran, US artist, was born (died 9/6/1901).
18/8/1829, Tuesday (-42,266) (Britain)
Sir David Baird, British General, died (born 12/1757).
7/8/1829, Friday (-42,277) The
first steam railway engine ran in the USA. It operated on the Delaware and
Hudson Bay railways, but was too heavy for the rails so was impractical.
=================================================================================
19/7/1829, Sunday (-42,296) Charles Cherbuliez, French novelist, was born
(died 1/7/1899).
18/7/1829, Saturday (-42,297) Paul Dubois, French sculptor, was born
(died 1905).
14/7/1829, Tuesday (-42,301) (Britain)
Edward Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born in Birmingham (died in
Ireland 11/10/1896).
4/7/1829, Saturday (-42,311) The first bus service in Britain began.
See 18/3/1662. George Shilibeer operated a horse drawn service between Marylebone
and the Bank, via the City Road. The fare was 1s for the full distance or 6d
for any intermediate distance.
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27/6/1829, Saturday (-42,318) James
Smithson, British scientist whose bequest established the Smithsonian Institute
at Washington to encourage scientific research, died in Genoa.
19/6/1829, Friday (-42,326)
The London Metropolitan Police was founded, set up by the Home Secretary, Sir Robert Peel. The policemen were known
as �Peelers�, or �Bobbies�. 3,314
professional police now guarded London.
16/6/1829, Tuesday (-42,329) Geronimo, Apache indigenous American
Chief, was born.
11/6/1829, Thursday (-42,334) The Russians defeated the
Turks at the Battle of Kulecheva, opening up a route to the Balkan Mountains.
10/6/1829, Wednesday (-42,335) The first Oxford and
Cambridge boat race took place, 2 � miles from Hambledon Lock to Henley Bridge.
It was won easily by Oxford.
8/6/1829, Monday (-42,337) Sir John Millais, English painter, was born
(died 13/8/1896).
5/6/1829, Friday (-42,340) George Mountstephen, Canadian financier,
was born.
===================================================================================
29/5/1829, Friday (-42,347) Sir Humphrey Davy, born 17/12/1778,
inventor of the safety lamp (see
9/1/1816) died in Geneva.
18/5/1829, Monday (-42,358) (Railways,
Britain) Sir George Findlay, English railway manager, was born (died
26/3/1893).
17/5/1829, Sunday (-42,359) John
Jay, US statesman, died (born 12/12/1745).
15/5/1829, Friday (-42,361)
US Congress declared the slave trade to be piracy.
12/5/1829, Tuesday (-42,364) George Childs, US publisher, was born
(died 3/2/1894).
9/5/1828, Saturday (-42,367) (USA)
Charles Cramp, US shipbuilder, was born
8/5/1829, Friday (-42,368)
Charles Colchester, British politician, died (born 1757).
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30/4/1829, Thursday (-42,376) Ferdinand Hochstetter, Austrian
geologist, was born (died 18/7/1884).
26/4/1829, Sunday (-42,380) Albert Billroth, surgeon, was born in Rugen
(died 6/2/1894).
19/4/1829, Sunday (-42,387) Easter Sunday
13/4/1829, Monday (-42,393) The Catholic Emancipation Act became law. Catholics were allowed to
hold every public office except those of Regent, Lord Chancellor, and Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. This was a concession reluctantly granted by the
British Conservative government of the Duke of Wellington, following Catholic
agitation in Ireland by Daniel O�Connell and the Catholic Association.
11/4/1829, Saturday
(-42,395) Alexander Buchan, Scottish meteorologist, was born.
10/4/1829, Friday (-42,396) William Booth, founder of the
Salvation Army, was born in Nottingham, the son of a builder.
9/4/1829, Thursday (-42,397)
7/4/1829, Tuesday (-42,399) (Germany)
Moritz Brosch, German historian was born (died 14/7/1907).
6/4/1829, Monday (-42,400) (Mathematics)
Neils Abel, Norwegian mathematician (born 1802) died in Arendal.
====================================================================================
31/3/1829, Tuesday (-42,406) Pope Pius VIII (253rd Pope)
acceded.
24/3/1829, Tuesday (-42,413) Jean Cavaignac, French politician, died
(born 1762).
22/3/1829, Sunday (-42,415) (Greece)
At a conference in London, the boundaries of the independent state of Greece
were agreed, after nearly 400 years of Ottoman rule.
18/3/1829, Wednesday (-42,419) Alexandre Lameth, French politician,
died (born 20/10/1760).
6/3/1829, Friday (-42,431) Sir
Arthur Blomfield, English architect, was born (died 30/10/1899).
5/3/1829, Thursday (-42,432) Jean
Henner, French painter, was born (died 1905).
4/3/1829, Wednesday (-42,433) Andrew
Jackson began his first term as US President.
2/3/1829, Monday (-42,435) (USA)
William Boyd Allison, US legislator, was born in Perry, Ohio (died in Dubuque,
Iowa, 4/8/1908).
====================================================================================
26/2/1829, Thursday (-42,439) Levi Strauss, clothes maker, was born
24/2/1829, Tuesday (-42,441)
(Spain)
Cadiz was made a free port.
20/2/1829, Friday (-42,445) (Britain)
Odo Ampthill, British diplomat, was born in Florence (died 25/8/1884 in
Potsdam).
19/2/1829, Thursday (-42,446)
Johann von Miquel, German statesman, was born (died 8/9/1901).
16/2/1829, Monday (-42,449) Francois Gossec, French composer, died
(born 1734).
11/2/1829, Wednesday (-42,454)
Alexander Griboyedov, Russian author, died (born 1795).
10/2/1829, Tuesday (-42,455) Pope Leo XII died.
5/2/1829, Thursday (-42,460) Jean Gail, French writer on Greece, died
(born 4/7/1755).
===================================================================================
30/1/1829, Friday (-42,466) Edward Cook, English author, was born (died
11/9/1883).
25/1/1829, Sunday (-42,471) William Shield, British composer, died in
London (born 5/3/1748 in Swalwell, Durham)
21/1/1829, Wednesday (-42,475) Oscar II, King of Sweden and
Norway, was born.
20/1/1829, Tuesday (-42,476) (Britain)
Thomas Bridgett, English priest, was born (died 17/2/1899).
2/1/1829, Friday (-42,494) Melchiorre Gioja, Italian writer, died
(born 20/9/1767).
===================================================================================
28/12/1828, Sunday (-42,499) Earthquake at Echigo, Japan, killed 30,000.
24/12/1828, Wednesday (-42,503)
The trial of bodysnatcher William Burke
began in Edinburgh, see 31/10/1828. The other bodysnatcher, William Hare, had
turned King�s Evidence and was not brought to trial. Sentenced to death, Burke
was hanged on 28/1/1829 in front of a large crowd.
21/12/1828, Sunday (-42,506) (Medical)
Sir John Burdon-Sanderson, physiologist, was born (died 23/11/1905).
20/12/1828, Saturday (-42,507) (USA)
Cherokee Indians ceded their traditional lands in Arkansas territory to the USA
and agreed to migrate to lands west of the Mississippi River.
8/12/1828, Monday (-42,529) Pierre Levasseur, French scholarly writer,
was born.
6/12/1828, Saturday (-42,531) Sir William Hoste, British Naval Captain, died
(26/8/1780).
4/12/1828, Thursday (-42,533) Robert Jenkinson, 2nd earl of
Liverpool, died.
==================================================================================
29/11/1828, Saturday (-42,528) Nathaniel Lindley, English Judge, was born.
26/11/1828, Wednesday (-42,531) Rene Goblet, French politician, was born
(died 13/9/1905).
19/11/1828, Wednesday (-42,538)
Franz Schubert, born 31/1/1797,
died of typhus, aged 31.
16/11/1828, Sunday (-42,541) (Greece)
By the London Protocol, Btritain, Russia and France recognised the independence
of Greek Morea (Peleponnese) and the Cyclades Islands.
15/11/1828, Saturday (-42,542) Joseph
Gourko, Russian General, was born (died29/1/1901).
14/11/1828, Friday (-42,543)
Charles Freycinet, French statesman, was born.
8/11/1828, Saturday (-42,549) Thomas Bewick, wood engraver, died (born
near Newcastle on Tyne 8/1753).
6/11/1828, Thursday (-42,551) Hiram Corson, US scholarly writer, was
born.
1/11/1828, Saturday (-42,556) Balfour Stewart, Scottish physician, was
born (died 19/12/1887).
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31/10/1828, Friday (-42,557) (1) Sir
Joseph Swan, inventor of the electric light bulb independently of Edison, was
born in Sunderland.
(2) Edinburgh body snatchers Burke and Hare claimed their
last victim, a beggar woman named Docherty. See 24/12/1828.
30/10/1828, Thursday (-42,558) Henry James of Hereford, English lawyer,
was born.
29/10/1828, Wednesday (-42,559) (USA)
Thomas Bayard, US statesman, was born in Wilmington, Delaware (died in Dedham,
Massachusetts, 28/9/1898).
28/10/1828, Tuesday (-42,560) Luke Hansard, British printer, died (born
5/7/1752).
27/10/1828, Monday (-42,561) Jacob Cox, US General, was born (died
4/1/1900).
26/10/1838, Sunday (-42,562) Pierre Lanfrey, French writer, was born (died
15/11/1877)
25/10/1828, Saturday (-42,563) London�s St Katharine Docks opened. 1,250
houses, 11,300 people, and the old St Katharine Hospital had been cleared (foundation
stone laid on 3/5/1827) to make way for the Docks.
22/10/1828, Wednesday (-42,566) Karl Mack von Leiberich, Austrian
soldier, died (born 25/8/1752).
14/10/1829, Tuesday (-42,574) Eduard Lasker, German politician, was born
(died 5/1/1884).
10/10/1810, Friday (-42,578)
2/10/1828, Thursday (-42,586)
Charles Floquet, French politician, was born (died 18/1/1896).
1/10/1828, Wednesday (-42,587) (Railways)
The horse-drawn St Etienne to Andrezieux railway opened; this was the first
railway in France. It was converted to steam in 1844.
======================================================================================
28/9/1828, Sunday (-42,590) Friedrich Lange, German philosophical writer,
was born 9died 23/11/1875).
24/9/1828, Wednesday (-42,594)
Several German states founded the Commercial Union of Central Germany, signing
a customs agreement with Prussia.
22/9/1828, Monday (-42,596) Shaka, the Zulu King who founded the Zulu
Kingdom in southern Africa, was murdered, aged 41, by his brothers Dingane and
Mhlangane; they now ruled jointly.
16/9/1828, Tuesday (-42,602) Abraham Kuenen, Dutch religious writer,
was born (died 10/12/1891).
9/9/1828, Tuesday (-42,609) Leo
Tolstoy, noveilist, was born.
8/9/1828, Monday (-42,610)
Joshua Chamberlain, US soldier, was born.
6/9/1828, Saturday (-42,612) David Forbes, British scientific writer,
was born (died 5/12/1876).
====================================================================================
28/8/1828, Thursday (-42,621) Count Leo Tolstoy, Russian
writer, was born of aristocratic descent in Tula Province.
27/8/1828, Wednesday
(-42,622) Brazil formally recognised
the independence of Uruguay.
22/8/1828, Friday
(-42,627) Franz Gall, medical writer, died (born 9/3/1758)
13/8/1827, Wednesday
(-42,636) William Blake, poet, died
12/8/1828, Tuesday (-42,637)
(Canal)
The Kensington Canal opened, from the Thames up to Earls Court where it
connected with a railway to the north-west. It closed in 1860 and was converted
to a railway which used its former course, then crossed the Thames to link to
Clapham Junction.
====================================================================================
23/7/1828, Wednesday
(-42,657) Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, English surgeon, was born.
16/7/1828, Wednesday
(-42,664) Jean Houdon, French sculptor, died (born 18/3/1740).
14/7/1828, Monday
(-42,666) Jervis McEntee, US artist, was born (died 27/1/1891).
10/7/1828, Thursday (-42,670) (Biology)
Louis Bosc, French naturalist, died in Paris (born in Paris 29/1/1759).
9/7/1828, Wednesday (-42,671)
Painter Gilbert Stuart died in Boston, USA, aged 52.
4/7/1828, Friday (-42,676) (1) Dom Miguel, Regent of Portugal, had himself
proclaimed King after a coup in May 1828. Civil war began and his niece, 9-year
old Maria, was taken to England for her safety.
(2)
Construction began on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad.
=====================================================================================
21/6/1828,
Saturday (-42,689) Ferdinand Fouque, French geologist, was
born (died 7/3/1904)
14/6/1828, Saturday (-42,696)
(Germany) Augustus
Charles died (born 3/9/1757).
12/6/1828, Thursday (-42,698) Jacques Lauriston, French soldier, died (born
1/2/1768).
1/6/1828, Sunday (-42,709) Frank Hastings, British naval officer and
supporter of Greek independence, was killed in battle.
=====================================================================================
29/5/1828, Thursday (-42,712) Gerald Massey, English
poet, was born (died 29/10/1907).
24/5/1828, Saturday (-42,717) US Congress passed a
Reciprocity Act, charging lower duties on imports from countries which
reciprocated with the US, but opposition to the Tariff of Abominations
remained.
22/5/1828, Thursday (-42,719) Albrecht von Grafe, eye specialist, was
born (died 20/7/1870)
16/5/1828, Friday (-42,725) (Innovation)
Sir William Congreve, British inventor, died (born 20/5/1772).
12/5/1828, Monday (-42,729) Gabriel Dante Rosetti, poet, was born.
9/5/1828, Friday (-42,732)
Charles Cramp, US shipbuilder, was born.
8/5/1828, Thursday (-42,733) Jean Henri Dumont, Swiss
philanthropist and founder of the International Red Cross, was born in Geneva.
5/5/1828, Monday (-42,736)
2/5/1828, Friday (-42,739)
Desire Charnay, French archaeological writer, was born.
1/5/1828, Thursday (-42,740)
Adelardo Lopez de Ayala, Spanish writer, was born in Guadacanal (died
30/1/1879).
=====================================================================================
29/4/1828, Tuesday (-42,742)
28/4/1828, Monday (-42,743)
Matthew Heddle, Scottish mineralogist, was born (died 19/11/1897).
27/4/1828, Sunday (-42,744) London Zoological Gardens opened in Regents Park. Regents Park,
464 acres in North London, was opened.
26/4/1828, Saturday (-42,745) In support of the Greek struggle for independence, Russia declared war on
the Ottoman Empire. On 8/6/1828 the Russians crossed the Danube, and
took Varna on 12/10/1829.
25/4/1828, Friday (-42,746)
Julius Grosse, German poet, was born (died 9/5/1902).
23/4/1828, Wednesday (-42,748) Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony from
1873 (died 10/6/1902) was born.
21/4/1828, Monday (-42,750) The
American Dictionary of the English language was published. This both
standardised American English and put cultural difference between it and
British English.
19/4/1829, Saturday (-42,752) In the USA the protectionist Tariff of
Abominations was signed by President John Quincy Adams. It raised duties to
protect farmers in the West and Northern manufacturers, but did not help
Southern cotton farmers.
16/4/1828, Wednesday (-42,755) Francisco
de Goya, Spanish painter and etcher, died in Bordeaux, France aged 82.
14/4/1828, Monday (-42,761) The
first edition of Noah Webster�s Dictionary
of the English Language was copyrighted.
13/4/1828, Sunday (-42,762) Joseph
:Lightfoot, Eng;lish religious writer, was born (died 21/12/1889).
6/4/1828, Sunday (-42,765)
Easter Sunday
======================================================================================
24/3/1828, Monday (-42,778) Horace Gray, US jurist, was born (died
15/9/1902).
22/3/1828, Saturday (-42,780) James Gardiner, English historical writer,
was born
20/3/1828, Thursday (-42,782) Ruggero Bonghi, Italian writer, was born
in Naples (died 22/10/1895).
=====================================================================================
24/2/1828, Sunday (-42,807) (USA) US
soldier Jacob Brown died (born 9/5/1775)
22/2/1828, Friday (-42,809)
Following the Russian capture of Tehran, Russia and Iran signed the Peace of
Turkmanshai, ending their 2 year war. Russia acquired part of Armenia,
including Yerevan.
18/2/1828, Monday (-42,813) Earthquake hit Echigo, Japan, 1,400 killed.
14/2/1828, Thursday (-42,817) (Arts)
Edmond About, French writer (died 16/1/1885) was born in Dieuze, Lorraine.
12/2/1828, Tuesday (-43,819)
George Meredith, British novelist, was born (died 18/5/1909).
11/2/1828, Monday (-43,820) De
Witt Clinton, US politician, died (born 2/3/1760).
8/2/1828, Friday (-42,823)
Jules Verne, French writer and early author of science fiction, was born in
Nantes, Brittany.
1/2/1828, Friday (-42,830)
George Edmunds, US politician, was born.
====================================================================================
31/1/1828, Thursday (-42,831) Henry
Chandler, scholarly writer, was born (died 16/5/1889).
28/1/1828, Monday (-42,834)
26/1/1828, Saturday (-42,836) The Duke of Wellington became
Tory Prime Minister.
25/1/1828, Friday (-42,837) The Duke of Wellington and
Robert Peel formed a Conservative government.
24/1/1828, Thursday (-42,838) (Biology)
German botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn was born in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland).
In 1850 he showed that plant and animal cytoplasm were essentially the same.
18/1/1828, Friday (-42.844) Ioannis Kapodistrias was elected the first
President of Greece.
16/1/1828, Wednesday (-42,846) Johann Ersch, German writer, died (born
23/6/1766).
11/1/1828, Friday (-42,851)
The Prussian zollervein, or customs union, was extended to Hesse Darmstadt.� From 1825 a new Prussian finance minister,
Friedrich von Motz, had begun to extend the Prussian customs union or
zollervein.� Independent enclaves or city
states had previously served as smuggling centres, hindering tax
collection.� In May 1829 Bavaria, whose
ruler Louis I was keen on the zollervein, joined.� See 1/1/1834.
10/1/1828, Thursday (-42,852) The Bank of England issued a one-penny banknote.
2/1/1828, Wednesday (-42,860) Elizabeth Charles, English author, was
born (died 28/3/1896).
================================================================================
7/12/1827, Friday (-42,886) Marc Monnier, French writer, was born (died
18/4/1885).
5/12/1827, Wednesday (-42,888) Marie Henri d�Arbois de Jubainville,
French historical writer, was born in Nancy (died February 1910).
====================================================================================
30/11/1827, Friday (-42,893) George Mivart, English scientific writer,
was born (died 1/4/1900).
21/11/1827, Wednesday (-42,902) Christian Massenbach, Prussian soldier,
died.
18/11/1827, Sunday (-42,905) Wilhelm Hauff, German poet, died (born
29/11/1802).
16/11/1827, Friday (-42,907) James Southerton, cricketer for England,
was born in Petworth, Sussex (died in Mitcham, Surrey, 16/6/1880).
14/11/1827, Wednesday (-42,909) Thomas Emmet, Irish politician, died
(born 24/4/1764).
8/11/1827, Thursday (-42,915)
The first English language newspaper in the Far East, the Canton Register
began publication in Guangzhou.
4/11/1827, Sunday (-42,919) Sir Edward Fry, English Judge, was born.
2/11/1827, Friday (-42,921) Paul
Lagarde, German orientalist writer, was born (died 22/12/1891).
1/11/1827, Thursday (-42,922)
Friedrich Haase, German actor, was born.
=====================================================================================
29/10/1827, Monday (-42,925) Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist, was
born in Paris (died in Paris 18/3/1907).
20/10/1827, Saturday (-42,934) (Greece-Turkey) In response to the rebuffed
ultimatum of 6/7/1827, British, French, and Russian forces destroyed the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Navarino. Over 50 Turkish and
Egyptian ships were sunk. This ensured
the creation of an independent Greek State, whose exact boundaries had yet to
be established.
16/10/1827, Tuesday (-42,938) Arnold
Bocklin, Swiss painter, was born in Basel (died 16/1/1901).
15/10/1827, Monday (-42,939)
Ralph Blakelock, US painter, was born in New York.
14/10/1827, Sunday (-42,940) Sir
William Harcourt, English statesman, was born (died 1/10/1904).
10/10/1827, Wednesday (-42,044) Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer, died (born
26/1/1778).
=====================================================================================
30/9/1827, Sunday (-42,954) Wilhelm Muller, German lyrical poet, died (born
7/10/1794).
22/9/1827, Saturday (-42,962)
Joseph Smith, son of an impoverished New England farmer, announced that he had
received golden plates from an angel. From this he translated the Book of
Mormon, leading to the founding of the Mormon
religion.
18/9/1827, Tuesday (-49,966) Robert Pollock, poet, died
16/9/1827, Sunday (-49,968) Jean Gaudry, French geological writer, was
born (died 27/11/1908).
8/9/1827, Saturday (-42,976)
Egyptian troops landed at Navarino (now in southern Greece).
7/9/1827, Friday (-42,977) First railway in Austria
opened. This was from Budweis to Trojanov, later extended to Linz, using horse
traction.
1/9/1827, Saturday (-42,983)
====================================================================================
22/8/1827, Wednesday (-42,993) Thomas Rowlandson, painter, died aged
70.
20/8/1827, Monday (-42,995) Charles de Coster, Belgian writer, was born
(died 7/5/1879).
13/8/1827, Monday (-43,002) The first giraffe arrived in
Britain.
12/8/1827, Sunday (-43,003) William
Blake, British poet, died.
11/8/1827, Saturday (-43,004)
10/8/1827, Friday (-43,005) Paul
Falk, German politician, was born (died 1900).
9/8/1827, Thursday
(-43,006) Marc Desaugiers, French composer, died (born 17/8/1772).
8/8/1827, Wednesday (-43,007) George Canning, British Prime
Minister, died
5/8/1827, Sunday (-43,010) Manoel Fonseca, first President of the United
States of Brazil, was born.
====================================================================================
22/7/1827, Sunday (-43,024) Ludwig
Jacob, German economics writer, died (born 26/2/1759).
21/7/1827, Saturday (-43,025)
Archibald Constable, Scottish publisher, died (born 24/2/1774).
19/7/1827, Thursday (-43,027)
17/7/1827, Tuesday (-43,029) Sir
Frederick Augustus, English chemist, was born.
16/7/1827, Monday (-43,030) The potter Josiah Spode died.
14/7/1827, Saturday (-43032) (Light)
Augustin Fresnel, pioneer in lenses, died (born 10/5/1788)
7/7/1827, Saturday (-43,039) Quintino
Sella, Italian statesman, was born (died 14/3/1884).
6/7/1827, Friday (-43,040) At the Treaty of London, France, Britain, and
Russia threatened to use force against Turkey if the Ottoman Empire did not
agree to an armistice with Greece. In August 1827 the Turks refused this. See
20/10/1827.
=====================================================================================
29/6/1827, Friday (-43,047) Mortimer Collins, English writer, was born
(died 28/7/1876).
27/6/1827, Wednesday (-43,049) Johann
Eichhorn, German religious writer, died (born 16/10/1752).
26/6/1827, Tuesday (-43,050) Samuel Crompton, inventor of
the spinning mule in 1779, died in Bolton.
25/6/1827, Monday (-43,051) Hugh
Childers, British politician, was born (died 29/1/1896).
18/6/1827, Monday (-43,058) Alexander Grosart, Scottish writer, was
born (died 16/3/1899).
12/6/1827, Tuesday (-43,064) Johanna Spyri, author, was born
5/6/1827, Tuesday (-43,071)
Athens was captured by the Ottoman Turks.
1/6/1827, Friday (-43,075) Charles Freppel, French politician and
Bishop, was born (died 12/12/1891).
===================================================================================
28/5/1827, Monday (-43,079) William James, English naval historical
writer, died.
23/5/1827, Wednesday (-43,084) (Britain) Henry Loch, Britisjh colonial
administrator, was born (died 20/6/1900).
19/5/1827, Saturday (-43,088) Paul Challemel-Lacour, French politician,
was born (died 26/10/1896).
11/5/1827, Friday (-43,096) Jean Carpeaux, French sculptor, was born
(died 12/10/1875).
4/5/1827, Friday (-43,103) John Manning Speke, English
explorer who was the first European to see Lake Victoria, and later identified
as the source of the Nile, was born.
3/5/1827, Thursday (-43,104)
The foundation stone for St Katharine Dock, London, was laid, see 25/10.1828.
1/5/1827, Tuesday (-43,106) John Bascom, US author, was born in Genoa,
New York State.
=====================================================================================
29/4/1827, Sunday (-43,108) Rufus King, US politician, died (born
24/3/1755)
22/4/1827, Sunday (-43,115) Thomas Rowlandson, English watercolour
painter (born 1756) died in London.
20/4/1827, Friday (-43,117)
Copper ore was discovered in Tasmania.
19/4/1827, Thursday (-48,118)
George Higinbotham, Chief Justice of Victoria, Australia, was born (died 1893).
15/4/1827, Sunday (-43,122) Easter Sunday
13/4/1827, Friday (-43,124) (Africa)
Hugh Clapperton, Scottish explorer of west-central Africa, died (born 1788).
11/4/1827, Wednesday (-43,126) The Greek National Assembly elected Capo
d�Istria as President.
8/4/1827, Sunday (-43,129) (Women�s
Rights) Barbara Bodichon, who promoted education and other rights for
women, was born in Watlington, Norfolk (died in Robertsbridge Sussex,
11/6/1891).
7/4/1827, Saturday (-43,130) Friction matches, the
invention of Stockton on Tees chemist John Walker, went on sale. In 1826 Walker
was mixing antimony and chlorate of potash with a stick; when he rubbed the
stick to clean it, it caught fire. Such matchsticks would catch fire if rubbed
on any rough surface, even each other, and in 1855 the first safety match was
by the Swedish firm of Johan Edvard Lundstrom. In Britain, Bryant and May bought
the rights to these matches where they went on sale in August 1855.
5/4/1827, Thursday (-43,132)
Joseph Lister was born in
London. He was a surgeon, and pioneered the use of antiseptics.
2/4/1827, Monday (-43,135) William Hunt, English artist, was born
(died 7/9/1910).
=====================================================================================
27/3/1827, Tuesday (-43,141) Francois
la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, French statesman, died (born 11/1/1747).
26/3/1827, Monday (-43,142) Composer Ludwig van Beethoven died in Bonn, aged 57. His
last words were reputedly �I shall hear in Heaven�. His funeral was on
29/3/1827, in Vienna; 20,000 attended it.
25/3/1827, Sunday (-43,143) George
Lawrence, English novelist, was born (died 23/9/1876).
21/3/1827, Wednesday (-43,147) (Biology)
Andrew Adams, Scottish naturalist and palaeontologist, was born (died
29/7/1882).
19/3/1827, Monday (-43,149) James Geddes, US soldier, was born (died
21/2/1887).
16/3/1827, Friday (-43,152) In the USA, the first Afro-American
newspaper, the Freemen�s Journal, was first published in New York by the
Reverend Samuel Cornish.
7/3/1827, Wednesday (-43,161) John Gladstone, English chemist, was
born (died 6/10/1902).
5/3/1827, Monday (-43,163)
Death of Count Alessandro Volta,
aged 82, at Como, Italy.� He was born on
18/2/1745.� An Italian, he made the first
battery, and gave his name (Volt) to the unit of electrical power.
===================================================================================
22/2/1827, Thursday (-43,174) Charles Wilson Peale, painter, died aged
85.
20/2/1827, Tuesday
(-43,176) With Argentine help,
Uruguay defeated the Brazilians at Ituzaingo.
18/2/1827, Sunday
(-43,178) (Egypt)
Heinrich Brugsch, German Egyptologist, was born (died 9/9/1894).
17/2/1827, Saturday (-43,179) The Earl of Liverpool left
post as Prime Minister, paralysed by a stroke.
10/2/1827, Saturday (-43,186)
(USA)
Edward Atkinson, US economist, was born in Brookline, Massachusetts (died in
Boston 11/12/1905).
=====================================================================================
30/1/1827, Tuesday
(-43,197) Martin Haug, German Orientalist writer, was born (died 3/6/1876).
26/1/1827, Friday (-43,201)
Peru ended its union with Chile and declared independence.
17/1/1827, Wednesday (-43,210)
The Duke of Wellington was appointed Commander in Chief of the British Army.
15/1/1827, Monday (-43,212) Michel Lecointe-Puyraveau, French
politician, died (born 13/12/1764).
13/1/1827, Saturday (-43,214) Jean Lanjuinais, French writer, died (born
12/3/1753).
10/1/1827, Wednesday (-43,217) Sir George Cox, English religious
writer, was born (died 9/2/1902).
7/1/1827, Sunday (-43,220) (Railways)
Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer who oversaw the construction of much of
the Canadian railway system, was born.
2/1/1827, Tuesday (-43,225) John Good, English scholarly writer, died
(born 25/5/1764).
=====================================================================================
31/12/1826, Sunday (-43,227) William Gifford, English writer, died (born
1756).
28/12/1826, Thursday (-43,230) Conrad Busken-Huet, Dutch literary
critic, was born (died 1886)
21/12/1826, Thursday (-48,237) An American, Haydon Edwards, along with
200 White families and some Cherokee Amerindians, declared the �Independent
Republic of Fredonia� near Nacogdoches, eastern Mexico. In 1821 both Texas and
Mexico had begun encouraging American settlement, (see 8/1824)� but the land was noe claimed by Mexican
settlers, without clear title. The Mexican Government tried to evict Edwards,
eventually (1/1827) overwhelming him with a larger force.
17/12/1826, Sunday (-43,241) (Biology)
Francis Buckland, zoologist, was born (died19/12/1880).
16/12/1826, Saturday (-43,242)
Battista Donati, Italian astronomer, was born (died 20/9/1873).
14/12/1826, Thursday (-43,244) Conrad Malte-Brun, French geographical
writer, died (born 12/8/1755).
7/12/1826, Thursday (-43,251) Henry Crosskey, English geologist, was
born (died 1/10/1893).
3/12/1826, Sunday (-43,255) George McClellan, US soldier, was born (died
29/10/1885).
=====================================================================================
28/11/1826, Tuesday (-45,260) Francis Hastings, British colonial
Governor of India, died (born 9/12/1754).
23/11/1826, Thursday (-45,265) Johann Bode, German astronomer, died in
Berlin (born in Hamburg 19/1/1747).
10/11/1826, Friday (-43,278) (Britain)
Joseph Arch, English politician and founder of the National Agricultural
labourers Union, was born in Barlford, Warwickshire.
======================================================================================
31/10/1826, Tuesday (-43,288)
Joseph Hawley, US politician, was born (died 17/3/1905).
28/10/1826, Saturday (-43,291) Sir Andrew Clark, British physician, was
born (died 6/11/1893).
24/10/1826,� Tuesday (-43,295)
Leopold Delisle, French historical writer was born.
18/10/1826, Wednesday (-43,301) Last State Lottery was held
in England.
9/10/1826, Monday (-43,310) Michael Kelly, British
composer, died.
7/10/1826, Saturday (-43,312) First railway in the USA opened, at Quincy, Massachusetts.
3/10/1826, Tuesday (-43,316)
Jens Baggesen, Danish poet, died in Hamburg (born 15/2/1764 in Korsor).
======================================================================================
29/9/1826, Friday (-43,320) Charles
Chesney, British military writer, was born (died 19/3/1876).
26/9/1826, Tuesday (-43,323) Persia attermpted to retake Georgia from the Russians. However this day
Persia lost the Battle of Ganja, when Persian cavalry were terrified by the
Russian artillery. Russia subsequently advanced into Persia and occupied
Tehran, capturing the entire Persian artillery and arsenal. Russia then imposed
the Treaty of Turkomanchi, setting the Aras River as their boundary, with
Russia receiving an imdemnity from Persia and Russia having sole right to
station warships in the Caspian.
25/9/1826, Monday (-43,324) (Geology)
Giovanni Brocchi, Italian geologist, died (born 18/2/1772).
22/9/1826, Friday (-43,327) Johann
Hebel, German poet, died (born 10/5/1760).
13/9/1826, Wednesday (-43,336) (Companies)
Anthony Drexel, US banker, was born (died 30/6/1893).
6/9/1826, Wednesday (-43,343) Heinrich von Maltzan,
German geographical writer, was born (died 23/2/1874).
5/9/1826, Tuesday
(-43,344) (1) The Stratford and Moreton Railway (horsdrawn)
opened
(2) John Wisden, original compiler of
Wisden�s cricketing Almanac, was born in Brighton, Sussex.
3/9/1826, Sunday (-43,346) (Britain)
Sir Harry Calvert, British General, died
=====================================================================================
29/8/1826, Tuesday (-43,351)
George Hoar, US politician, was born (died 30/9/1904).
21/8/1826, Monday (-43,359) Carl
Gegenbaur, German medical writer, was born (died 14/6/1903).
13/8/1826, Sunday (-43,367) Rene Lannec, French doctor
who invented and named the stethoscope in 1819, died.
11/8/1826, Friday (-43,369)
Andrew Davis, US religious writer, was born (died 1910).
8/8/1826, Tuesday
(-43,372) Count Nicolas Robilant, Italian diplomat, was born (died 17/10/1888).
7/8/1826, Monday (-43,373) The
British defeated the Ashanti near Accra (Ghana).
4/8/1826, Friday (-43,376) Last
set of stocks in London was taken down. They had been at St Clement Danes, in
The Strand.
==================================================================================
26/7/1826, Wednesday (-43,385) Cayetano
Ripoli, a Deist teacher, became the last person to be executed by the Spanish
Inquisition.
24/7/1826, Monday (-43,387)
Francisco Solano Lopez, son of Paraguayan dictator Antonio Lopez and Commander
in Chief of the Paraguayan Army from 1845, was born
13/7/1826, Thursday (-43,398) Stanislao Cannizzaro, Italian chemist,
was born (died 1910).
11/7/1826, Tuesday (-43,400)
(Farming) John Fowler, agricultural innovator, was born (died 4/12/1864)
10/7/1826, Monday (-43,401) Luther
Martin, US lawyer, died (born 19/2/1748).
7/7/1826, Friday (-43,404)
5/7/1826, Wednesday (-43,406) Sir Stamford Raffles, British
colonial administrator, founder of Singapore in 1819, died in London.
4/7/1826, Tuesday (-43,407) (USA)
Thomas Jefferson, Third US President from 1801 to 1809, died and, aged 83.� He was buried near Charlottesville, Virginia.
====================================================================================
29/6/1826, Thursday (-43,412) Charles Beule, French writer, was born in
Saumur (died 4/4/1874),
26/6/1826, Monday (-43,415) (Germany)
Adolf Bastian, German ethnologist, was born in Bremen.
21/6/1826, Wednesday (-43,420) Frederick Dufferin, British statesman,
was born (died 12/2/1902).
19/6/1826, Monday (-43,422) (USA)
Charles Brace, US philanthropist, was born I Litchfield, Connecticut (died in
Campfer, Tirol, 11/8/1890).
18/6/1826, Sunday (-43,423) The
Prison Society of Germany (Rheinisch Westfalischer Gefangnisveren) was formed,
to improve conditions for German prisoners. At that time prisoners in Germany
were barely fed, dirty, and in complete idleness; no statistics were collected
on them for the basis of useful legislation. Inspired by Elizabeth Fry, Theodor
Fleidner began this Society, and in 1833 he opened a refuge for discharged
female convicts.
17/6/1826, Saturday (-43,424)
16/6/1826, Friday (-43,425) (Turkey)
The insurrection of the Janissaries in Istanbul ended.
15/6/1826, Thursday (-43,426)
Luigi Ferri, Italian philosophical writer, was born (died 1895).
10/6/1826, Saturday (-43,431) (Turkey) The final
revolt of the Janissaries in Turkey began. They objected to the formation of a
new military corps to replace them, by Mahmud.
8/6/1828, Thursday (-43,433) William
Coxe, English historical writer, died (born 7/3/1747).
7/6/1826, Wednesday (-43,434) (Astronomy)
Joseph von Fraunhofer, best known for his study of absorption lines in the
Sun�s spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer Lines, died (born 6/3/1787).
5/6/1826, Monday (-43,436) Carl Maria von Weber, composer, died of
tuberculosis in London
2/6/1826, Friday (-43,439)
Richard Hutton, English writer, was born (died 9/9/1897).
1/6/1825, Thursday (-43,440)
John Morgan, US Confederate soldier, was born (died 4/9.1864).
=====================================================================================
22/5/1826, Monday (-43,450) Christopher Langdell, US legal writer, was
born (died 6/7/1906).
16/5/1826, Tuesday (-43,456) (Astronomy)
Richard Carrington, astronomer, was born (died 27/11/1875).
11/5/1826, Thursday (-43,461) David Davies, Welsh religious writer, was
born (died 26/9/1891).
5/5/1826, Friday (-43,467) (France)
Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III, was born in Grenada., Spain.
4/5/1826, Thursday (-43,468)
Frederick Church, US landscape painter, was born (died 7/4/1900).
3/5/1826, Wednesday (-43,496)
Charles XV, King of Sweden, was born (died 18/9/1872).
=====================================================================================
23/4/1826, Sunday (-43,479) (Greece-Turkey)
The Turks captured Missolonghi. This town was famous in Europe because the poet
Lord Byron had died there in 1824, after a lifetime promoting the cause of an
independent Greece. After a prolonged siege that began in 4/1825 the Greeks
attempted a break-out, but most were massacred. This incident appalled liberal
opinion in western Europe, which led to the intervention at Navarino
20/10/1827.
20/4/1826, Thursday (-43,482)
Dinah Craik, English novelist, was born (died 12/10/1887).
19/4/1826, Wednesday (-43,483)
Samuel Cox, English religious writer, was born (died 1893).
12/4/1826, Wednesday (-43,490)
6/4/1826, Thursday (-43,496)
Gustave Moreau, French painter, was born (died 18/4/1898).
5/4/1826, Wednesday (-43,497)
Russia demanded the cessation of Ottoman military operations on the Danube.
4/4/1826, Tuesday (-43,498) (Greece-Turkey)
The Anglo-Russian protocol was issued. It proposed that Greece be an autonomous
State within the Ottoman Empire, paying a tribute to the Porte, with its ruler
appointed by the Sultan. In return Ottoman Turkey was to withdraw its troops
from Greece. However Sultan Mahmud II
believed he was winning against the secessionist Greeks and would render the
negotiations moot by soon reconquering Greece. Meanwhile the British
negotiator, Foreign Minister George Canning, was in failing health and due to
retire; his successor, the Duke of Wellington, was much less concerned about
the fate of Greece.
3/4/1826, Monday (-43,499) Reginald
Heber, English hymn-writer, died (born 21/4/1783).
=====================================================================================
31/3/1826, Friday (-43,502) Sir Robert Morier, British diplomat, was
born (died 16/11/1893).
29/3/1826, Wednesday (-43,504) Wilhelm Liebknecht, German socialist
writer, was born (died 6/8/1900).
26/3/1826, Sunday (-43,507) Easter Sunday
24/3/1826, Friday (-43,509) Mathieu Montmorency, French politician,
died (born 10/7/1766).
21/3/1826, Tuesday (-43,512)
Beethoven�s String Quartet no.13 in B flat major, Op.130, premiered in Vienna.
20/3/1826, Monday (-43,513) Sir
Augustus Franks, English antiquary, was born (died 212/5/1897).
18/3/1826, Saturday (-43,515) Joseph Bellot, Arctic explorer, was born in
Rochefort (died 8/1853).
10/3/1826, Friday (-43,523) King John VI of Portugal died aged
56. He was succeeded by his son, Dom Pedro of Brazil, as Pedro IV; however
Pedro IV refused to leave Brazil, and abdicated in favour of his infant
daughter, Maria.
4/3/1826, Saturday (-43,539) Elme Carlo, French scholarly writer, was
born (died 13/7/1887).
===================================================================================
27/2/1826, Monday (-43,534) Howard Crosby, US writer, was born (died
1890).
24/2/1826, Friday (-43,537) The
Treaty of Yandabu ended the First Burmese War. Britain gained control of Assam
and Arakan.
23/2/1826, Thursday (-43,538) (Mathematics)
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevski (born near Nizhni Novgorod, Russia) gave a paper
at Kazan University outlining the principles of non-Euclidean geometry.
21/2/1826, Tuesday (-43,540) Joihn Kay, Scottish caricaturist, died.
17/2/1826, Friday (-43,544) Johann Gabler, German religious writer, died
(born 4/6/1753).
14/2/1826, Tuesday (-43,547) Johann
Falk, German author, died (born 28/10/1768).
13/2/1826, Monday (-43,548) The American Temperance
Society was formed.
12/2/1826,
11/2/1826, Saturday (-43,550) University College London was
founded, as London University.
10/2/1826, Friday (-43,551) Sir
William Fraser, English politician, was born (died 17/8/1898).
9/2/1826, Thursday (-43,552)
Samuel Bowles, journalist, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts (died in
Springfield 16/1/1878).
2/2/1826, Thursday (-43,559) (Food)
Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, French gastronomist, died (born 1/4/1755).
====================================================================================
30/1/1926, Monday (-43,562) The Menai Straits road suspension bridge,
Anglesey, opened to traffic.
16/1/1826, Monday (-43,576) Lindley Murray, writer, died (born
22/4/1745)
7/1/1826, Saturday (-43,585) John
Kimberley, English statesman, was born (died 8/4/1902).
6/1/1826, Friday (-43,586) John
Farey, English geologist, died (born 1766).
3/1/1826, Tuesday (-43,589)
====================================================================================
29/12/1825, Thursday (-43,594) Jacques
David, French painter, died (born 30/4/1748).
28/12/1825, Wednesday (-43,595)
Henri Blowitz, journalist, was born in Bohemia (died 18/1/1003).
27/12/1825, Tuesday (-43,596)
26/12/1825, Monday (-43,597) (Russia)
The Decembrist Army Revolt in St Petersburg was crushed; it had begun on
1/12/1825. Young men inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution had
attempted to overthrow the Tsarist rulers. Five reberls were hanged and 121
were exiled to Siberia.
25/12/1825, Sunday (-43,598) Henri
Bornier, French poet, was born in Lunel (died 1/1901).
21/12/1825, Wednesday (-43,602)
18/12/1825, Sunday (-43,605) Tsar Nicholas I became ruler
of Russia.
17/12/1825, Saturday (-43,606) Karl
Keim, German religious writer, was born (died 17/11/1878).
13/12/1825, Tuesday (-43,610) Tsar Alexander I died in agony, aged 47,
after eating poisonous mushrooms in the Crimea. He was succeeded by his
21-year-old brother, Nicholas I.
5/12/1825, Monday (-43,618) Antoine Barbier, French writer, died in
Paris (born in Coulommiers 11/1/1765)
==================================================================================
30/11/1825, Wednesday (-43,623)
Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter, was born in La Rochelle (died 20/8/1905).
29/11/1825, Tuesday (-43,624) (Medical)
Jean Charcot, French physician, was born (died 16/8/1893).
28/11/1825, Monday (-43,625) Maximilien
Foy, French statesman, died (born 3/2/1775).
15/11/1825, Tuesday (-43,638)
9/11/1825, Wednesday (-43,644) (Light) Thomas Drummond set up a
reflector with burning lime in front, and the intense light could be seen 106
km (66 miles) away. Limelight came to be used for lighthouses and theatres.
8/11/1825, Tuesday (-43,645)
6/11/1825, Sunday (-43,647) Jean Garnier, French architect, was born
(died 3/8/1898).
3/11/1825, Thursday (-43,650)
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences was founded.
===================================================================================
31/10/1825, Monday (-43,653) (Christian)
Charles Lavigerie, Catholic Primate of all Africa, was born (died 26/11/1892).
26/10/1825, Wednesday (-43,658)
The Erie Canal, linking New York with the Great Lakes via Niagara and the
Hudson River, begun 4/7/1817, was completed. Influenced by Governor DeWitt
Clinton the New York state legislature agreed to fund the US$ 7 million
project. The canal, 363 miles long, 40 foot wide, 4 foot deep, with 82 locks,
would make New York the principal port of America.
25/10/1825, Tuesday (-43,659)
Johann Strauss junior, composer, was born in Vienna, Austria.
20/10/1825, Thursday (-43,664) Girolamo Lucchesini, Prussian
diplomat, died (born 7/5/1751).
13/10/1825, Thursday (-43,671)
Maximilian I, King of Bavaria, died.
12/10/1825, Wednesday (-43,672) (Geology)
Mineralogist Franz Joseph Muller died in Vienna, Austria.
11/10/1825, Tuesday (-43,673)
Konrad Meyer, Swiss poet, was born (died 28/11/1898).
10/10/1825, Monday (-43,674)
Paul Kruger, South African politician and Boer leader, was born in Colesberg,
Cape Colony.
9/10/1825, Sunday (-43,675) Josef
Jirecek, Czeck scholarly writer, was born (died 25/11/1888).
6/10/1825, Thursday (-13,678) Bernard Lacepede, French naturalist
writer, died (born 26/12/1756).
====================================================================================
27/9/1825, Tuesday (-43,687) Stockton and Darlington railway opened. Built by George Stephenson, the 27-mile route
received Parliamentary approval in 1821. Stephenson�s locomotive Active
weighed 8 tons and could travel at 12 to 16 mph.� The locomotive was later renamed Locomotion
No.1.
24/9/1825, Saturday (-43,690) Peter Dobree, English scholarly writer,
died (born 1782).
19/9/1825, Monday (-43,695) Henry Lea, US historical writer, was born
(died 24/10/1909),
17/9/1825, Saturday (-43,697) (Maritime)
Sir Donald Currie, English shipowner, was born (died 13/4/1909).
4/9/1825, Sunday (-43,710) Naoroji Dadabhai,
Indian statesman, was born.
3/9/1825, Saturday (-43,711)
Hardinge Halsbury, English Lord Chancellor, was born.
====================================================================================
29/8/1825, Monday (-43,716) Portugal formally recognised the
independence of Brazil.
27/8/1825, Saturday (-45,718) William Moorcroft, English geographical
writer, died.
25/8/1825, Thursday (-43,720) Uruguay gained independence from Spain, under Jose Artigas. Brazil, fearing that the
socialist principles of Artigas would influence their country, attacked
Uruguay.
18/8/1825, Thursday
(-43,727) Paul Courier, French writer, died (born 4/1/1773).
10/8/1825, Wednesday
(-43,735) John Conington, English classical writer, was born (died
23/10/1869).
8/8/1825, Monday
(-43,737) Aloys Karolyi, Austro0Hungarian diplomat, was born (died
2/12/1889).
6/8/1825, Saturday (-43,739) Bolivia proclaimed itself a Republic, independent from Spain,
after nearly 300 years of Spanish rule.�
Antonio Sucre was the first President.
===================================================================================
6/7/1825, Wednesday
(-43,770)
===================================================================================
30/6/1825, Thursday (-43,776) Ferdinand Muller, explorer
of Australia, was born (died 9/10/1896).
24/6/1825, Friday (-43,782)
William Henry Smith, English newsagent and
bookseller, was born. He joined his father�s news agency business and took full
control in 1846, building the biggest chain of newsagents in Britain.
15/6/1825, Wednesday (-43,791) The Duke of York laid the
foundation stone of London Bridge.
14/6/1825, Tuesday (-43,792)
Jean Montegut, French writer, was born (died 11/12/1895).
11/6/1825, Saturday (-43,795)
William Wilberforce made his last speech in the House of Commons.
7/6/1825, Tuesday (-43,799) Richard Blackmore, English novelist, was
born in Berkshire (died in Teddington 20/1/1900).
===================================================================================
8/5/1825, Sunday (-43,829) George
Malleson, English writer on India, was born (died 1.3.1898).
7/5/1825, Saturday (-43,830)
Antonio Saleri, composer, died
6/5/1825, Friday (-43,831) Lady
Anne Barnard, writer, died in London (born in Fife 12/12/1750).
4/5/1825, Wednesday (-43,833) Thomas Huxley, English biologist, was
born (died 29/6/1895).
1/5/1825, Sunday (-43,836) George Innes, US landscape painter, was born
(died 3/8/1894).
====================================================================================
27/4/1825, Wednesday (-43,840) Dominique Denon, French artist, died
(born 4/1/1747).
25/4/1825, Monday (-43,842)
Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada, President of Mexico 1872-77, was born.
24/4/1825, Sunday (-43,843) Robert
Ballantyne, writer, was born in Edinburgh (died 8/2/1894 in Rome).
23/4/1825, Saturday (-43,844) Friedrich
Muller, German poet, died (born 13/1/1749).
16/4/1825, Saturday (-43,851) Henry Fuseli, Swiss-German painter, died
(born 7/2/1741).
13/4/1825, Wednesday (-43,854) William Beard, US painter, was born in Painesville,
Ohio (died 1900).
11/4/1825, Monday (-43,856) Ferdinand Lasalle, German Socialist writer,
was born (died 31/8/1864).
3/4/1825, Sunday (-43,864) Easter Sunday
====================================================================================
31/3/1825, Thursday (-43,867)
Karl Holsten, German religious writer, was born (died 26/1/1897).
30/3/1825, Wednesday (-43,868)
Theodor Kjerulf, Norwegian geologist, was born (died 25/10/1888).
27/3/1825, Sunday
(-43,071) Teaching began at the University
of Virginia (see 1819).
21/3/1825, Monday (-43,877) Fitzedward Hall, US orientalist writer, was
born (died 1/2/1901).
11/3/1825, Friday (-43,887) Felix Karrer, Austrian geologist, was born
(died 19/4/1903).
9/3/1825, Wednesday (-43,889) Anna
Barbauld, English poet, died (born in Kibworth Harcourt, Leicestershire
20/6/1743).
8/3/1825, Tuesday (-43,890)
Peter Elmsley, English scholarly writer, died (born 1773).
3/3/1825, Thursday (-43,895) Annie Keary, English novelist, was born
(died 3/3/1879).
====================================================================================
25/2/1825, Friday (-43,901) Quote from Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, �He who begins by loving Christianity better than Truth will proceed
by loving his own sect or church better than Christianity, and end by loving
himself better than all�
24/2/1825, Thursday (-43,902) Thomas Bowdler died, aged 71.
He was notorious for prudishly editing text he considered unsuitable, giving
rise to the term �bowdlerising�.
22/2/1825, Tuesday (-43,904)
20/2/1825, Sunday (-43,906) Sir
Geoffrey Hornby, British Admiral, was born (died 3/3/1895).
19/2/1825, Saturday (-43,907) Maurus
Jokai, Hungarian novelist, was born (died 5/5/1904).
17/2/1825, Thursday (-43,909) Jean Lindet, French Revolutionist, died
12/2/1825, Saturday (-43,914) The Cree People repudiated the treaty by
which their leaders had ceded their lands in Georgia to the USA after conflict
in 1813.
9/2/1825, Wednesday (-43,917) John Quincy Adams was elected
President of the USA, defeating Andrew Adams and ending a 2-month impasse.
8/2/1825, Tuesday (-43,918) (Biology)
Henry Walter Bates was born in Leicester, England. His theory of insect mimicry,
developed during an 11-year stay in South America, contributed to the
acceptance of Darwin�s Theory of Evolution.
4/2/1825, Friday (-43,922) Frederick Furnivall, English writer, was
born (died 2/7/1910),
1/2/1825, Tuesday (-43,925) Francis Child, scholarly writer, was born
(died11/9/1896).
====================================================================================
30/1/1825, Sunday (-43,927) The Redruth and Chacewater Railway opened,
horsedrawn, steam from 1854.
28/1/1825, Friday (-43,929) (Italy)
Benedetto Cairoli, Italian statesman, was born (died 8/8/1889).
27/1/1825, Thursday (-43,930)
William Green, US Hebrew scholarly writer, was born (died 10/2/1900).
24/1/1825, Monday (-43,933) John MacGregor, geographical writer, was
born (died 16/7/1892).
18/1/1825, Tuesday (-43,939) Sir
Edward Frankland, English chemist, was born (died 9/8/1899).
17/1/1825, Monday (-43,940) Antoine
Ferrand, French political writer, died (4/7/1751).
14/1/1825, Friday (-43,943) George Dance, painter, died/
8/1/1825, Saturday (-43,949)
Eli Whitney, American inventor of the cotton
gin, which made separating of fibre and seed easier, died in New Haven,
Connecticut.
4/1/1825, Tuesday (-43,953) Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies,
died aged 73. He was succeeded 47-year old son, Francesco I.
====================================================================================
30/12/1824, Thursday (-43,962) Alexis Lobanov-Rostovski, Russian
statesman, was born (died 30/8/1896).
25/12/1824, Saturday (-43,967)
Rodolphe Dareste, French writer, was born.
24/12/1824, Friday (-43,968) Carl
Cornelius, German poet, was born (died 26/10/1874).
11/12/1824, Saturday (-43,981) Victor Balaguer, Spanish author, was born
in Barcelona (died in Madrid 14/1/1901).
9/12/1824, Thursday (-43,979) Battle of Ayacucho. Further
Spanish defeat in the war to retain Peru as a colony.
6/12/1824, Monday (-43,982) Sir
Joseph Fayrer, English physician, was born (died 21/5/1907).
5/12/1824, Sunday (-43,983) William
Blades, English writer, was born in Clapham, London (died in Sutton, Surrey
27/4/1890).
==================================================================================
30/11/1824, Tuesday (+43,988) (London)
Henry Faultleroy, convicted of forgery, was executed in London (born 1785).
16/11/1824, Tuesday (-44,002) The Murray River, Australia, was
discovered by the explorer Hamilton Hume. See 9/2/1830.
9/11/1824, Tuesday (-44,009) Anne Girodet, French painter, died (born
5/1/1767).
====================================================================================
30/10/1824, Saturday (-44,019) Charles Maturin, irish novelist, died.
27/10/1824, Wednesday (-44,022) Edward Maitland, English humanitarian
writer, was born (died 2/10/1897).
23/10/1824, Saturday (-44,026) Charles Fechter, actor, was born (died
5/8/1879).
21/10/1824, Thursday (-44,028) Portland cement was patented by
Joseph Aspdin of Wakefield, Yorkshire.
14/10/1824, Thursday (-44,035) The Higham and Strood Canal
Tunnels opened, taking the Thames and Medway Canal.
4/10/1824, Monday (-44,045) Mexico became a republic.
3/10/1824, Sunday (-44,046) Harry
Arnim, German diplomat, was born (died 1881).
====================================================================================
27/9/1824, Monday (-44,052) Benjamin Gould, astronomer, was born (died
26/11/1896).
16/9/1824, Thursday (-44,063)
Louis XVIII, King of France, died aged 68, leaving a strong and prosperous country,
in contrast to its defeat under Napoleon. However his attempts at
constitutional reform were thwarted by the ultra-royalists. He was succeeded by
his brother, Charles X.
15/9/1824, Wednesday (-44,064)
Joseph Hergenrother, German religious writer, was born (died 3/10/1890).
11/9/1824, Saturday (-44,068) Jakob Bernays, German writer, was born in
Hamburg (died in Bonn 26/5/1881).
4/9/1824, Saturday (-44,075) Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer, was born
(died 11/10/1896).
====================================================================================
21/8/1824, Saturday (-44,089) (Africa)
William Baikie, explorer of Africa, was born in Kirkwall, Orkney (died in
Sierra Leone, 30/11/1864).
6/81824, Friday (-44,104) Spain finally lost Peru after the Battles
of Junin and Ayacucho, led by Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre.
4/8/1824, Wednesday (-44,106) The USA gave formal diplomatic recognition to the newly independent
Brazil.
====================================================================================
29/7/1824, Thursday (-44,112) Eastman Johnson, artist, was born (died
5/4/1906).
27/7/1824, Tuesday (-44,114) (Britain)
Sir Andrew Clarke, British military administrator, was born (died 29/3/1902).
26/7/1824, Monday (-44,115)
25/7/1824, Sunday (-44,116)
24/7/1824, Saturday (-44,117) The result of the first public opinion
poll was published in the Harrisburg Pennsylvanian.� The poll was conducted at Wilmington to
determine voters� intentions in the 1824 Presidential election.
23/7/1824, Friday (-44,118) Ernst Fischer, German philosophical writer,
was born (died 4/7/1907).
21/7/1824, Wednesday (-44,120) Stanley Matthews, US
jurist, was born (died 22/3/1889).
19/7/1824, Monday (-44,122) Former
Emperor Iturbide was executed in Mexico for having returned in defiance of
exile. He had landed in disguise on 14/7/1824 at Soto la Marina but was
immediately recognised.
14/7/1824, Wednesday (-44,127)
Kamehameha II, King of Hawaii and his wife died of measles during a visit to
Britain.
10/7/1824, Saturday (-44,131) (Germany)
Rudolf Bennigsen, German politician, was born in Luneburg (died 7/8/1902).
====================================================================================
28/6/1824, Monday (-44,143) (Medical)
Paul Broca, French surgeon and anthropologist, was born (died 9/7/1880).
26/6/1824, Saturday (-44,145) Physicist and mathematician Lord
Kelvin was born in Belfast as William Thomson.
16/6/1824, Wednesday (-44,155) Charles
LeBrun, French statesman, died (born 19/3/1739).
15/6/1824, Tuesday (-44,156)
The RSPCA was founded.
13/6/1824, Sunday (-44,158) Julius Eichberg, German composer, was born
(died 28/1/1893).
10/6/1824, Thursday (-44,161) The British under Sir Archibald Campbell
defeated Burmese troops at the Battle of Kemendine, First Burma War.
6/6/1824, Sunday (-44,165) A law was passed in Britain
recognising the right to strike. The Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800 were
repealed.
=====================================================================================
26/5/1824, Wednesday (-44,176) Capel Lofft, English writer, died (born
14/11/1751).
24/5/1824, Monday (-44,178) US
President James Monroe signed a Bill establishing the US Army Corps of
Engineers, to assist in building civilian transport infrastructure as well as
in military campaigns.
23/5/1824, Sunday (-44,179) (USA) Ambrose
Burnside, US soldier, was born (died 13/9/1881).
18/5/1824, Tuesday (-44,184) Wilhelm Hofmeister, German botanical
writer, was born (died 12/1/1877).
16/5/1824, Sunday (-44,186) Levi Morton, US politician, was born.
11/5/1824, Tuesday (-44,191) (1)
The British, with a force of 11,000 troops, invaded Burma and captured Rangoon
in retaliation for the King of Burma�s invasion of Shahpuri, in British India,
in February 1824. This was the first time steamboats had been used in warfare.
(2) Iturbide, who had been deposed for his totalitarian
method of rule, attempted to return to Mexico, setting sail from Italy this
day.Mexico immeidately declared him an outlaw, forbidden to enter Mexico on
pain of death.
7/5/1824, Friday (-44,195) Beethoven�s 9th Choral symphony
premiered in Vienna.
3/5/1824, Monday (-44,199) Joseph Joubert, French moralistic writer,
died (born 6/5/1754).
1/5/1824, Saturday (-44,201) Sir Johann Haast, British-German geologist,
was born (died 15/8/1887).
===================================================================================
27/4/1824, Tuesday (-44,205) Sir Edward Hamley, British military
writer, was born (died 12/8/1893).
20/4/1824, Tuesday (-44,212)
Peter Duncan, English palaeontologist, was born (died 28/5/1891).
19/4/1824, Monday (-44,213)
Lord Byron died at sunset of marsh fever
(malaria) at Missolonghi, helping the Greeks during their struggle for
independence from Ottoman Turkey; he was 36. See 22/3/1829.
18/4/1824, Sunday (-44,214)
Easter Sunday
13/4/1824, Tuesday (-44,219) (Ireland)
William Alexander, Protestant Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland,
was born in Londonderry.
11/4/1824, Sunday (-44,221) (France)
Jean Drouet, French Revolutionary, died (born 1763).
5/4/1824, Monday (-44,227) Sydney Dobell, English poet, was born (died
22/8/1874).
=====================================================================================
31/3/1824, Wednesday (-44,232) William Hunt, US painter, was born (died
31/7/1895).
29/3/1824, Monday (-44,234) Hans Hauge, Norwegian religious writer, died
(born 3/4/1771).
27/3/1824, Saturday (-44,236) Louis la Revelliere-Lepaux, French
politician, died (born 24/8/1753).
24/3/1824, Wednesday (-44,239) 1st performance of
Beethoven�s �Missa Solemnis; in St Petersburg
22/3/1824, Monday (-44,241)
The British Government agreed to spend �57,000 to purchase 38 paintings to
establish a national collection.
20/3/1824, Saturday (-44,243)
Theodor von Heuglin, German travel writer, was born (died 5/11/1876).
19/3/1824, Friday (-44,244)
William Allingham, Irish poet, was born in Ballyshannon, Donegal (died in
Hampstead, London, on 18/11/1889).
15/3/1824, Monday (-44,248)
Construction work began on John Rennie�s London Bridge.
13/3/1824, Saturday (-44,250) Sophia
Lee, English novelist, died.
12/3/1824, Friday (-44,251) (Electricity)
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was born in Konigsberg, Kaliningrad. He discovered in
1857 that static electric forces and magnetic forces were related by a constant
that was discovered to be the speed of light in a vacuum; the first clue that
electromagnetism and light were linked.
11/3/1824, Thursday (+44,252) The
Bureau of Indian Affairs was created by US Secretary of War, John C Calhoun.
4/3/1824. Thursday (-44,259) In Britain, Sir William Hillary
founded the National Institute for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck.
This became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1854.
2/3/1824, Tuesday (-44,261)
Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer, was born in Litomysl, Bohemia.
1/3/1824, Monday (-44,262) Sir
Donald Martin Stewart, British Field-Marshal, was born (died 26/3/1900).
=====================================================================================
28/2/1824, Saturday (-44,264) Charles Blondin, French tightrope walker famous for his crossings
of Niagara Falls, was born in Hesdin near Calais, as Jean Francois Gravelet.
26/2/1824, Thursday (-44,266) Carlos Calvi, Argentine historian (died
1906) was born in Buenos Aires.
24/2/1824, Tuesday (-44,268) The Burmese War began, between Britain and
Burma, when Burma invaded the Indian island of Shahpuri. Lord Amherst, British
Governor-General of India, declared war on Burma.
22/2/1824, Sunday (-44,270) Pierre Janssen, French astronomer, was born
(died 23/12/1907).
16/2/1824, Monday (-44,276)
The Athenaeum Club, London, was founded.
15/2/1824, Sunday (-44,277) Rajendra
Mitra, Indian Orientalist wroitewr, was born (died 26/7/1891).
14/2/1824, Saturday (-44,278)
Winfield Hancock, US General, was born (died 9/2/1886).
13/2/1824, Friday (-44,279) Sir
George Jessel, English Judge, was born (died 21/3/1883).
10/2/1824, Tuesday (-44,282) Samuel Plimsoll, naval inventor,
was born at Bristol.
8/2/1824, Sunday (-44,284) Rhijnvis
Feith, Dutch poet, died (born 7/2/1753).
7/2/1824, Saturday (-44,285) Sir
William Huggins, English astronomer, was born (died 12/5/1910).
5/2/1824, Thursday (-44,287)
Charles Dickens, then aged 12, was sent out to work labelling shoe polish
bottles.
=====================================================================================
29/1/1824, Thursday (-44,294) (France)
Louise Caroline, Countess of Albany, died
27/1/1824, Tuesday (-44,296)
Josef Israels, Dutch painter, was born.
26/1/1824, Monday (-44,297) Jean
Gericault, French painter, died (born 1791).
25/1/1824, Sunday (-44,298) Michael
Dutt, Indian poet, was born (died 29/6/1873).
24/1/1824, Saturday (-44,299) Ercole
Consalvi, Italian statesman, died (born 8/6/1757).
23/1/1824, Friday (-44,300)
22/1/1824, Thursday (-44,301) The Asante army heavily
defeated the British in the Gold Coast.
21/1/1824, Wednesday (-44,302) The Ashanti defeated the
British at the battle of Nsamankow.
10/1/1824, Saturday (-44,313) Thomas Bowditch, English explorer of west
Africa, died in Bathurst (born 1790).
8/1/1824, Thursday (-44,315) William Collins, English novelist, was
born (died 23/9/1889).
==================================================================================
29/12/1823, Monday (-44,325) Augusta Drane, English writer, was born
(died 29/4/1894).
27/12/1823, Saturday (-44,327) Sir Mackenzie Bowell, Canadian politician,
was born.
24/12/1823, Wednesday (-44,330) Giovanni Bottesini, Italian composer,
was born in Lombardy (died in Parma 7/7/1889).
22/12/1823, Monday (-44,332) Thomas Higginson, US writer, was born.
13/12/1823, Saturday (-44,339) William How, English religious writer, was
born (died 10/8/1897).
8/12/1823, Monday (-44,346) Robert Collyer, English religious writer,
was born.
6/12/1823, Saturday (-44,348) (South
Africa) Sir John Brand, President of the Orange Free State, was born in
Cape Town (died 14/7/1888).
3/12/1823, Wednesday (-44,351) (Egypt)
Giovanni Belzoni, Egyptologist, died in Egypt (born in Padua 1778)
2/12/1823, Tuesday (-44,352)
(1) President Monroe of the USA
declared that no part of the Americas is now �res nullius�, or open to further
European colonisation, although existing European influences would be
tolerated. This was the basis of the Monroe
Doctrine.
(2) Birkbeck College, University of London, was founded.
1/12/1823, Monday (-44,353)
Ernest Reyer, French composer, was born.
===================================================================================
25/11/1823, Tuesday (-44,359) Brighton�s Chain Pier was opened.
17/11/1823, Monday (-44,367) Thomas Erskine, Lord Chancellor of England,
died (born 10/1/1750).
1/11/1823, Saturday (-44,383)
Heinrich
Gerstenberg, German poet, died (born 3/1/1737).
=====================================================================================
31/10/1823, Friday (-44,384) Charles
Grant, British politician, died (born 16/4/1746).
30/10/1823, Thursday (-44,385) Edmund Cartwright, invented the power loom, 1785, died
at Hastings, Sussex, aged 80.
29/10/1823, Wednesday (-44,386)
Clement Ingleby, English writer on Shakespeare, was born (died 26/9/1886).
28/10/1823, Tuesday (-44,387)
Lodovico Corti, Italian diplomat, was born (died 9/4/1888).
14/10/1823, Tuesday (-44,401) Chicksaw Indian tribal chiefs ceded land
east of the Mississippi River to the United States Government.
5/10/1823, Sunday (-44,410) (Medical)
The British medical journal, The Lancet, was first published. It was set up by
English surgeon Thomas Wakley.
==================================================================================
30/9/1823, Tuesday (-44,415) Rudolf von Gottschall, German writer, was
born (died 21/3/1909).
28/9/1823, Sunday (-44,417) Pope Leo XII was elected Pope.
26/9/1823, Friday (-44,419) The Plymouth and Dartmoor Railway opened
(horsedrawn) as far up as Kings Tor.
23/9/1823, Tuesday (-44,422) French troops, suppressing a rebellion in
Spain, took Cadiz. The rebels surrendered Ferdinand VII, who was restored to
the Spanish throne.
11/9/1823, Thursday (-44,434)
Economist David Ricardo died.
10/9/1823, Wednesday (-44,435)
Simon Bolivar became dictator of Peru.
9/9/1823, Tuesday (-44,436)
Joseph Leidy, naturalist writer, was born (died 30/4/1891).
====================================================================================
31/8/1823, Sunday (-44,445) At the Battle of the Trocadero, French troops
defeated Spanish rebels.
20/8/1823, Wednesday (-44,456)
Pope Pius VII died.
19/8/1823, Tuesday (-44,457) Robert
Bloomfield, English poet, died in Shefford, Bedfordshire (born in Honington,
Suffolk 3/12/1766)
18/8/1823, Monday (-44,458) Slave rebellion in Guyana;
European militia put down the rebellion by 20/8/1763.
15/8/1823, Friday (-44,461) Marie Boissier, French scholarly writer,
was born in Nimes (died 6/1908).
10/8/1823, Sunday (-44,466) Charles Keene, English artist, was born (died
4/1/1891).
4/8/1823, Monday (-44,472)
Oliver Morton, US politician, was born (died 1/11/1877).
3/8/1823, Sunday (-44.473) Thomas
Meagher, US soldier, was born (died 1/7/1867)
2/8/1823, Saturday (-44,474) (France)
Lazare Carnot, French General, died (born 1753).
====================================================================================
30/7/1823, Wednesday (-44,477) Charles Lory, French geologist, was born
(died 3/5/1889).
28/7/1823, Monday (-44,479) Manasseh Cutler, US statesman, died (born
13/5/1742).
22/7/1823, Tuesday (-44,485) (Germany)
Ludwig Bamberger, German politician, was born in Mainz (died 1899).
18/7/1823, Friday (-44,489) (Iran,
Turkey)
The Treaty of Erzerum was signed, between the Sultan of Ottoman Turkey and the
Qajar Shah of Persia; this Treaty defined their common frontier in lower Iraq.
However the two powers continued to dispute possession of the town of
Muhammara, at the mouth of the Karun River, a disagreement dating from 1812. In
1847 a second Treaty of Erzerum was signed, giving Muhammara to Persia.
13/7/1823, Sunday (-44,094) Eugene Manuel, French poet, was born.
10/7/1823, Thursday (-44,497) Sandford Gifford, US painter, was born
(died 29/8/1880).
7/7/1823, Monday (-44,500) John Ingram, Irish scholarly writer, was
born (died 18/5/1907).
2/7/1823, Wednesday (-44,505) (Brazil)
Portuguese forces, sent tio Bahia to recover the rebel colony of Brazil, were
forced by Brazilian troops to retreat to their ships.
1/7/1823, Tuesday (-44,506) An
assembly at Guatemala City declared the independence of the United Provinces of
Central America.
======================================================================================
27/6/1823, Friday (-44,510) Dorman Eaton, US lawyer, was born (died
23/12/1899).
22/6/1823, Sunday (-44,515) Jose de Elduayen, Spanish politician, was
born (died 24/6/1898).
17/6/1823, Tuesday (-44,520) Charles Macintosh patented a
waterproof material for clothes.
5/6/1823, Thursday (-44,532) (USA)
George Angell, US philanthropist, was born in Southbridge, Massachusetts (died
16/3/1909 in Boston).
2/6/1823, Monday (-44,535)
Adolf Hilgenfeld, German religious writer, was born (died 12/1/1907).
1/6/1823, Sunday (-44,536) Louis
Davout, Marshal of France, died (born 10/5/1770).
=====================================================================================
19/5/1823, Monday (-44,549) William Combe, English writer, died (born
1741).
15/5/1823, Thursday (-44,553) Thomas Harris, US poet and preacher, was
born
7/5/1823, Wednesday (-44,561) Despite his deafness, Beethoven
conducted the first performance of his Ninth Symphony.
======================================================================================
30/4/1823, Wednesday (-44,568) Paul Janet, French philosophical writer,
was born (died 10/1899).
25/4/1823, Friday (-44,573)
Christian Dillmann, religious writer, was born (died 4/7/1894).
24/4/1823, Thursday (-44,574) The United Provinces of
Central America abolished slavery.
23/4/1823, Wednesday (-44,575) Sultan Adbul Mejid was born,
see 25/6/1861.
22/4/1823, Tuesday (-44,576) The Baltic Exchange, London, was
established, as the Baltic Club.
20/4/1823, Sunday (-44,578) Johann
Falke, German historical writer, was born (died 2/3/1876).
18/4/1823, Friday (-44,580) (USA)
George Cabot, US politician, died (born
16/12/1751)
17/4/1823, Thursday (-44,581) The rest of Europe was
alarmed at the rise of counter-monarchist forces in Spain, and authorised
France to invade to restore King Ferdinand VII. This day French forces under
Louis Antpoine de Bourbon, Duke of Angoulmeme (1775-1844) crossed the Pyrenees
into Spain, welcomed by the Basques and Catalans. He then sent some forces to
besiege San Sebastian whilst directing his main attack on Madrid.
16/4/1823, Wednesday (-44,582) Ferdinand Eisenstein,
mathematician, was born.
7/4/1823, Monday (-44,591) Jacques
Charles, mathematician, died (born 12/11/1746)
1/4/1823, Tuesday
(-44,597) (USA)
Simon Buckner, US soldier and politician,
was born.
====================================================================================
31/3/1823, Monday (-44,598) William Hart, US painter, was born.
30/3/1823, Sunday (-44,599)
Easter Sunday
28/3/1823, Friday (-44,601) Auguste Himly, French historical writer,
was born (died 6/10/1906).
25/3/1823, Tuesday (-44,604) Britain recognised the Greek
insurgents as a belligerent party.� This
was despite fears that the Greek rebellion would spark another Turkish-Russian
war.
24/3/1823, Monday (-44,605) Thomas Baynes, English writer, was born in
Wellington, Somerset (died 31/5/1887).
23/3/1823, Sunday (-44,606) Schuyler Colfax, US politician, was born
(died 13/1/1885).
22/3/1823, Saturday (-44,607) Christoph Luthardt, German
religious writer, was born (died 21/9/1902).
18/3/1823, Tuesday (-44,611)
Antoine Chanzy, French General, was born (died 4/1/1883).
14/3/1823, Friday (-44,615)
Theodore Banville, French poet, was born in Moulins (died in Paris 15 3/1891).
10/3/1823, Monday (-44,619) George
Keith, Briitsh Admiral, died (born 7/1/1746).
8/3/1823, Saturday (-44,621) (Hungary)
Birth of Hungarian statesman Julius Andrassy, in Kassa, Hungary
6/3/1823, Thursday (-44,623) Gustaf Ljunggren, Swedish
writer, was born.
1/3/1823, Saturday (-44,628) Pierre
Garat, French singer, died (born 25/4/1764).
======================================================================================
27/2/1823, Thursday
(-44,630) William Franklin, US Federal General in the Civil War, was born
(died 8/3/1903).
26/2/1823, Wednesday
(-44,631) John Philip Kemble, actor, died (born 1/2/1757)
21/2/1823, Friday
(-44,636) Pierre Lafitte, French philosophical writer, was born (died
4/1/1903).
18/2/1823, Tuesday (-44,639) Permission
for the colony in what is now Texas (see 17/1/1821) was withdrawn by Mexico,
following the accession of Iturbide.
16/2/1823, Sunday (-44,641) Li Hung Chang, Chinese
statesman, was born (died 7/11/1901).
11/2/1823, Tuesday (-44,646) (Cartography)
Karl Gumbel, publisher of the first geological map of Bavaria in 1858, was born
(died 18/6/1898).
7/2/1823, Friday (-44,650) Franz Genee, Polish composer,
was born in Danzig (died 15/6/1895 in Baden)
5/2/1823, Wednesday (-44,652) Juan Llorente, Spanish
historical writer, died (born 30/3/1756).
3/2/1823, Monday (-44,654) (Biology)
Spencer Baird, US naturalist, was born in Reading, Pennsylvania (died in
Massachusetts 19/8/1887).
=====================================================================================
27/1/1823, Monday (-44,661) Charles Hutton, Eglish mathematical writer,
died (born 14/8/1737).
26/1/1823, Sunday (-44,662) Edward Jenner, pioneer of vaccination,
died in Berkeley, Gloucestershire.
23/1/1823, Thursday (-44,665)
The USA recognised the independent
states of Argentina and Chile.
9/1/1823, Thursday (-44,679)
William Corey, English scholarly writer, was born (died 11/6/1892).
3/1/1823, Friday (-44,685)
Robert Whitehead, English engineer and inventor of the naval torpedo, was born
in Bolton Le Moors, Lancashire.
====================================================================================
29/12/1822, Sunday (-44,690) John
Campbell, Gaelic scholar (died 17/2/1885) was born.
27/12/1822, Friday (-44,692) Louis Pasteur was born in Dole,
France.
26/12/1822, Thursday (-44,693) Dion Boucicault, Irish playwright, was
born in Dublin (died in New York 18/9/1890).
24/12/1822, Tuesday (-44,695)
Matthew Arnold, British poet, was born in Laleham, Staines (died 15/4/1888 in
Liverpool).
22/12/1822, Sunday (-44,697) John Newberry, US geologist,
was born (died 7/12/1892).
10/12/1822, Tuesday (-44,709) Cesar
Franck, French composer, was born (died 8/11/1890).
2/12/1822, Monday (-44,717) David Masson, Scottish
writer, was born (died 6/10/1907).
1/12/1822, Sunday (-44,718)
Dom Pedro was crowned Emperor of newly independent Brazil.
=====================================================================================
26/11/1822, Tuesday (-44,723) Karl Hardenberg, Prussian statesman, died
(born 31/5/1750).
6/11/1822, Wednesday (-44,743) Claude Berthollet, French chemist, died
in Arcueil (born in Talloire, Savoy 9/12/1748).
======================================================================================
29/10/1822, Tuesday (-44,751) The Caledonian Canal, Scotland, opened
(construction began 1803).
20/10/1822, Sunday (-44,760) The Sunday Times was first published.
19/10/1822, Saturday (-44,761) Louis Menard, French writer,
was born (died 12/2/1901).
13/10/1822, Sunday (-44,767) Antonio
Canova, Italian sculptor, died (born 1/11/1757).
9/10/1822, Wednesday (-44,771) Onno Klopp, German
historical writer, was born (died 9/8/1903).
6/10/1822, Sunday (-44,774) Albert
Harkness, US scholarly writer, was born (died 27/5/1907).
4/10/1822, Friday (-44,776)
Rutherford Hayes, USA Republican and 19th
President, was born in Delaware, Ohio, son of a farmer.
1/10/1822, Tuesday (-44,779) Francois Got, French actor, was born (died
1901).
=====================================================================================
27/9/1822, Friday (-44,783) French linguist Jean Francois Champollion
decipehered the Rosetts Stone, paving the way for translating Egyptian
hieroglyphics.
18/9/1822, Wednesday (-44,792) Johann Nauck, German scholarly writer,
was born (died 3/8/1892).
15/9/1822, Sunday (-44,795) Henry Morley, British writer, was born (died
14/5/1894).
7/9/1822, Saturday (-44,803) Brazil proclaimed its independence
from Portugal, with Pedro I as Emperor.
=====================================================================================
25/8/1822, Sunday (-44,816) Astronomer Sir William Herschel
died.� He discovered Uranus in 1781.
15/8/1822, Thursday (-44,826) Sir Henry Maine, English historical
writer, was born (died 3/2/1888).
12/8/1822, Monday (-44,829)
(Ireland) Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquis of Londonderry, died
11/8/1822, Sunday (-44,830) (Britain)
Sir Samuel Auchmuty, British General, died (born 1756).
4/8/1822, Sunday (-44,837)
1/8/1822, Thursday (-44,840)
James Grant, British novelist, was born (died 5/5/1887).
======================================================================================
31/7/1822, Wednesday (-44,841)
Abram Hewitt, US politician, was born (died 18/1/1903).
30/7/1822, Tuesday (-44,842)
26/7/1822, Friday (-44,846) San
Martin and Simon Bolivar met at Guayaquil. San Martin turned over control of
the anti-Spanish independence struggle to Bolivar and retired from further
revolutionary action.
25/7/1822, Thursday (-44,847)
Agostin de Turbide was crowned Emperor of Mexico. He wanted to use military
force to bring other newly-independent Latin American states into his empire.
24/7/1822, Wednesday (-44,848) Ernst
Hoffmann, German writer, died (born 24/1/1776)
23/7/1822, Tuesday (-44,849)
Darius Couch, US soldier, was born (died 12/2/1897).
22/7/1822, Monday (-44,850) Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk
and botanist who discovered the principles of modern genetics, was born at
Heinzendorf near Odrau, in Austrian Silesia.
18/7/1822, Thursday (-44,854) Theodore Dwight, US jurist, was born (died
28/6/1892).
8/7/1822, Monday (-44,864) Percy Bysshe Shelley died. He
drowned in a storm whilst sailing off the coast of Italy.
4/7/1822, Thursday (-44,868) Jean Baptiste Guillaume, French sculptor,
was born (died 1905).
=====================================================================================
30/6/1822, Sunday (-44,872) In
Spain, rebels took King Ferdinand VII prisoner.
19/6/1822, Wednesday
(-44,883) The Greeks under Constantine
Kanaris destroyed an Ottoman Turkish fleet. A large Ottoman army invaded Greece
in July 1822. In January 1823 the Ottomans failed to capture the key fort of
Missolonghi at the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth and were forced to withdraw.
14/6/1822, Friday (-44,888) Mathematician Charles Babbage first
proposed a �Difference Engine� to perform calculations.
3/6/1822, Monday (-44,899) Rene
Hauy, French mineralogist, died (born 28/2/1743).
2/6/1822, Sunday (-44,900) Anton
Csengery, Hungarian historical writer, was born (died 13/7/1880).
=====================================================================================
27/5/1822, Monday (-44,906) Louis Bouilhet, French poet, was born in
Cany (died in Rouen 18/7/1869).
24/5/1822, Friday (-44,909) (Ecuador) At the Battle of Pinchincha, near Quito, Jose
de Sucre decisively defeated a Spanish army.
22/5/1822, Wednesday (-44,911) Charles Lefebvre-Desnoettes, French
cavalry General, died,
16/5/1822, Thursday (-44,917) Henry Dixon, English sports writer, was
born (died 16/3/1870).
=====================================================================================
30/4/1822, Tuesday (-44,933) At Rotherhithe, London, the world�s first
iron steamship, the Aaron Manby, was launched. It became a cross-Channel cargo
ship.
27/4/1822, Saturday (-44,936) Ulysses Grant, General in the Union
Army, Democrat, and 18th President, was born in Point Pleasant,
Ohio, the son of a tanner.
12/4/1822, Friday (-44,951) Donald Mitchell, US author, was born.
7/4/1822, Sunday (-44,956)
Easter Sunday
5/4/1822, Friday
(-44,958) Emile Labvaleye, Belgian economics writer, was born (died
3/1/1892).
3/4/1822, Wednesday (-44,960) Henry Field, US author, was born (died
26/1/1907).
1/4/1822, Monday (-44,962) (France)
Louis Bertillon, French anthropologist, was born in Paris (died in Neuilly
28/2/1883).
====================================================================================
24/3/1822, Sunday
(-44,970) Henry Murger, French writer, was born (died 28/1/1861).
10/3/1822, Sunday (-44,984)
(Electrical)
Josiah Clark, British electrical engineer, was born (died 30/10/1898).
9/3/1822, Saturday
(-44,985) (Geology)
Edward Clarke, English mineralogist, died (born 5/6/1769)
7/3/1822, Thursday
(-44,987) Victor Masse, French composer, was born in Lorient, Morbihan
(died 5/7/1884 in Paris)
3/3/1822, Sunday
(-44,991) Abraham Benard, French actor, died (born 26/10/1750).
====================================================================================
24/2/1822, Sunday (-44,998) (Price)
Thomas Coutts, founder of Coutts bank, died (born 7/9/1735).
22/2/1822, Friday
(-45,000) Rosa Bonheur, French painter, was born in Bordeaux (died 1899).
21/2/1822, Thursday
(-45,001) Oliver Gibbs, US chemist, was born (died 9/12/1908).
16/2/1822, Saturday (-45,006) Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, founder of a new
science called eugenics, was
born in Birmingham, England. Among his ideas was the systematic creation of a
superior race of human beings, an idea later adopted by Hitler.
14/2/1822, Thursday (-45,008) The increasing popularity of Valentines Cards forced the Post Office
to employ extra sorters. See 14/2/1477.
10/2/1822, Sunday (-45,012) Eliza Linton, English novelist, was born
(died 14/7/1898).
8/2/1822, Friday (-45,014) Maxime du Camp, French writer, was born
(died 9/2/1894).
====================================================================================
30/1/1822, Wednesday (-45,023) (Cartography)
Franz Hauer, geologist, who made the first geological map of Austro-Hungary in
1871, was born (died 20/3/1889).
28/1/1822, Monday (-45,025) Alexander MacKenzie, Canadian statesman,
was born (died 17/4/1892).
16/1/1822, Wednesday (-45,037) (France)
Henri Aumale, French statesman, was born in Paris (died in Zucco, Sicily
7/5/1897).
13/1/1822, Sunday (-45,040) (Greece)
Greek rebels proclaimed independence
from the Ottoman Turks at Epirus.
12/1/1822, Saturday (-45,041) (Roads)
Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir was born in Mussay la Ville, Belgium. In 1859 he
developed the first working internal combustion engine, using coal gas as fuel;
however his design was very inefficient.
2/1/1822, Wednesday (-45,051) (Innovation)
Rudolf Clausius, German physicist, was born (died 24/8/1888).
====================================================================================
21/12/1821, Friday (-45,063) Samuel Haughton, Irish scientific writer,
was born (died 31/10/1897).
19/12/1821, Wednesday (-45,065) Mary Livermore, US social campaigner and
writer, was born (died 23/5/1905).
12/12/1821, Wednesday (-45,072)
Gustave Flaubert, French novelist, was born (died 8/5/1880).
11/12/1821, Tuesday (-45,073)
George Bradley, English scholarly writer, was born in Brecon (died 13/31903).
=====================================================================================
30/11/1821, Friday
(-45,084) The Dominican Republic (eastern half of Hispaniola, west = Haiti)
became independent from Spain.
28/11/1821, Wednesday (-45,086) (France)
Henri Baudrillart, French economist, was born in Paris (died in Paris
24/1/1892).
26/11/1822, Monday (-45,088) Octavius Frothingham, US author, was born
(died 27/11/1895).
24/11/1821, Saturday (-45,090) (Britain)
Henry Buckle, English historian, was born (died 29/5/1862).
18/11/1821, Sunday (-45,096) (Astronomy)
Franz Brunnow, German astronomer, was born (died 20/8/1891).
12/11/1821, Monday
(-45,102) Sir Harry Lumsden, British soldier, was born (died 12/8/1896).
2/11/1821, Friday (-45,112) (Britain)
Sir George Bowen, British colonial governor, was born (died in Brighton
21/2/1899).
===================================================================================
30/10/1821, Tuesday (-45,115) Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist, was
born.
24/10/1821, Wednesday (-45,121) Elias Boudinot, US revolutionary leader,
died in Burlington, New Jersey (born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2/5/1740).
21/10/1821, Sunday (-45,124) Ann Gilbert, US actress, was born (died
2/12/1904).
15/10/1821, Monday (-45,130) Moritz Hartmann, German poet, was born
(died 13/5/1872).
13/10/1821, Saturday (-45,132) Henry Coppee, US author, was born (died
22/3/1895).
11/10/1821, Thursday (-45,134) Sir George Williams, founder of
the YMCA in 1844, was born in Dulverton, Somerset.
7/10/1821, Sunday (-45,138) (USA)
Henry Richard Anderson, US soldier, was born in South Carolina (died 26/6/1879
in Beaufort, South Carolina).
5/10/1821, Friday (-45,140) Rudolf
Haym, German writer, was born (died 27/8/1901).
4/10/1821, Thursday (-45,141)
The Scottish civil engineer John Rennie, bridge designer, died in London.
2/10/1821, Tuesday (-45,143) Nino Bixio, Italian soldier, was born
(died 16/12/1873).
====================================================================================
27/9/1821, Thursday
(-45,148) Mexico
achieved independence under General
Iturbe, who proclaimed himself Emperor as Augustin I.
15/9/1821, Saturday (-45,160) (1) El Salvador proclaimed its independence and
became a member of the United Provinces of Central America.
(2) (Costa
Rica) Costa Rica became independent from Spain, and initially joined
the Mexican Empire under Iturbide. However upon the establishment of the
Mexican Republic in 1823, there was conflict in Costa Rica between the
Conservatives who wishes to maintain the union with Mexico and the Liberals who
desired independence for Costa Rica. After a battle near the Ochomogo Pass, the
Liberal republicans were victorious. The Costa Rican capital was transferred
from Cartago to San Jose, the Liberal headquarters.
10/9/1821, Monday (-45,165) Johann Fiorillo, German painter, died (born
13/10/1748)
4/9/1821, Tuesday (-45,171) (1) Czar Alexander declared that Russian influence in Alaska extended as far south as Oregon and closed Alaskan waters to foreigners.
(2) Jose Miguel Carrera, leader in the
Chilean fight for independence from Spain, died (born 15/10/1785).
=====================================================================================
31/8/1821, Friday (-45,175) (Biology)
Hermann Ludwig von Helmholtz was born in Potsdam, Prussia. He researched the
relationship between nerve cells and nerve fibres.
30/8/1821, Thursday (-45,176) (Venezuela)
Simon Bolivar was named President of Venezuela.
29/8/1821, Wednesday (-45,177) (Biology)
Anthropologist Louis Laurent Mortillet was born in Meylan, Isere, France. He
subdivided the Palaeolithic (older Stone Age) into separate periods, based on
the tools in use at the time.
24/8/1821, Friday (-45,182) Amedee Mouchez, French astronomer, was born
(died 25/6/1892).
16/8/1821, Thursday (-45,190) Arthur Cayley, English mathematician, was
born (died 26/1/1895).
13/8/1821, Monday (-45,193) Henry Dexter US religious writer, was born
(died 13/11/1890).
11/8/1821, Saturday (-45,195) Octave
Feuillet, French novelist, was born (died 29/12/1890).
10/8/1821, Friday (-45,196)
(USA)
Missouri became the 24th State of the Union.
7/8/1821, Tuesday (-45,199) Caroline, Queen of King George IV of
Britain, died (born 17/5/1768).
1/8/1821, Wednesday (-45,205) Elizabeth Inchbald, English novelist, died
(born 15/10.1753).
===================================================================================
28/7/1821, Saturday (-45,209) (Peru)
San Martin and his forces liberated Peru, and proclaimed its independence from
Spain.
21/7/1821, Saturday (-45,216) (Arts)
Vasile Alecsandri, Rumanian poet, was born in Bacau, Moldova (died 26/8/1890 in
Mircesti).
19/7/1821, Thursday (-45,218) Coronation of King George IV in Westminster Abbey
16/7/1821, Monday (-45,221) Mary Baker Eddy, American religious
leader who founded the Christian Scientists, was born in Bow, New Hampshire.
13/7/1821, Friday (-45,224)
Nathan Forrest, US Confederate General, was born (died 29/10/1877).
12/7/1821, Thursday (-45,225)
Daniel Hill, US Confederate soldier, was born (died 24/9/1889).
4/7/1821, Wednesday (-45,233) Richard Cosway, English miniature
painter, died
1/7/1821, Sunday (-45,236) Anatole
Barthelemy, French writer, was born in Reims (died 1904).
====================================================================================
30/6/1821, Saturday (-45,237)
William Dixon, English author, was born (died 26/12/1879).
24/6/1821, Sunday (-45,243) Simon Bolivar defeated a Spanish army at Carabobo, Venezuela.
19/6/1821, Tuesday (-45,248) At the Battle of Dragashani, a
Greek uprising against Turkish rule was defeated.
17/6/1821, Sunday (-45,250) Tom Morris, golfer, was born (died 24/5/1908).
13/6/1821, Wednesday (-45,254) Jacques Duc de Broglie, poet, was born
(died 19/1/1901).
8/6/1821, Friday (-45,259) (Africa)
Sir Samuel Baker, explorer of Africa, was born in London (died in Sandford
Orleigh 30/12/1893).
6/6/1821, Wednesday (-45,261) Leone Levi, economics writer, was born
(died 7/5/1888).
2/6/1821, Saturday (-45,265) (Romania)
Ion Bratianu, Romanian statesman, was born (died16/5/1891).
=====================================================================================
29/5/1821, Tuesday (-45,269) Frederick Locker-Lampson, Enbglish writer,
was born (died 30/5/1895).
26/5/1821, Saturday (-45,272)
Pafnutiy Chebichev, Russian mathematician, was born (died 8/12/1894).
25/5/1821, Friday (-45,273) (Belgium)
Henri Alexis Brialmont, Belgian military engineer, was born.
22/5/1821, Tuesday (-45,276) Karl Elze, German literary writer, was
born (died 21/1/1889).
19/5/1821, Saturday (-45,279) Camille Jordan, French political writer,
died.
15/5/1821, Tuesday (-45,283) John Callcott, English musician (born
20/11/1766) died.
5/5/1821, Saturday (-45,293) Napoleon Bonaparte died, in exile on St Helena, in the
Atlantic (born 15/8/1769).� The cause may
have been arsenic poisoning, or it may have been stomach cancer, which also
killed Napoleon�s father.
===================================================================================
23/4/1821, Monday (-45,305)
Pierre Dupont, French song writer, was born (died 24/7/1870).
22/4/1821, Sunday (-45,306) Easter
Sunday; John Crome, English landscape painter, died (born 21/12/1780).
20/4/1821, Friday (-45,308) (Chemistry)
Franz Achard, Prussian chemist (born 28/4/1753 in Berlin) died in Silesia.
16/4/1821, Monday (-45,312) Ford Brown, English painter, was born (died
6/10/1893).
12/4/1821, Thursday (-45,316) (Britain)
Frederick Alcester, British Admiral, was born (died 30/3/1895).
9/4/1821, Monday (-45,319)
Charles Baudelaire, French poet, was born in Paris (died in Paris 31/8/1867).
8/4/1821, Sunday (-45,320) The
revolt in Piedmont was suppressed, its leaders defeated at the Battle of
Novara.
2/4/1821, Monday (-45,326) (Greece) The Greeks under Turkish rule began a revolt
under Archbishop Germanos of Patras.�
The Greek population rose en masse, captured the capital of the Morea
Peninsula, Tripolitza, and the revolt then spread north, and to the Greek
Islands. These islands were the main recruiting ground of the Ottoman Navy, so
Turkish sea power was weakened.
====================================================================================
31/3/1821, Saturday (-45,328) McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, founded
30/3/1821, Friday (-45,329)
James Hadley, US scholarly writer, was born (died 14/11/1872).
21/3/1821, Wednesday (-45,338) Ernst Engel, German political economist,
was born (died 8/12/1896).
19/3/1821, Monday (-45,340) Sir Richard Burton, writer on the Orient,
was born (died 20/10/1890).
18/3/1821,
17/3/1821, Saturday (-45,342) Louis
Fontanes, French poet, died (born 6/3/1757),
16/3/1821, Friday (-45,343)
Ernest-Aime Feydeau, French writer, was born (died 27/10/1873).
15/3/1821, Thursday (-45,344) (Chemistry)
Austrian chemist Johann Joseph Loschmidt was born in Putschirn, Bohemia. He was
the first to use the convention of single lines for single chemical bonds,
double lines for double bonds.
14/3/1821, Wednesday (-45,345)
12/3/1821, Monday (-45,347)
Hermann Hettner, German historical writer, was born (died 29/5/1882).
11/3/1821, Sunday (-45,348) (Britain)
Churchill Babington, English archaeologist, was born in Roecliffe,
Leicestershire (died 12/1/1889 in Suffolk).
10/3/1821, Saturday (-45,349) Revolt
in Piedmont against the rule of King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia (Piedmont
was then a part of the Kingdom of Sardinia).See 8/4/1821.
7/3/1821, Wednesday (-45,352) Battle of Rieti. The Austrians defeated
the Neapolitans under Pepe. They then entered Naples and reinstated Ferdinand
IV to the throne.
4/3/1821, Sunday (-45,355) James Monroe began his second term as US
President.
2/3/1821, Friday (-45,357) George Banks, British writer, was born in Birmingham
(died in London 3/5/1881).
====================================================================================
27/2/1821, Tuesday (-45,360)
Joseph Kay, economics writer, was born (died 9/10/1878).
26/2/1821, Monday (-45,361) Joseph
de Maistre, French polemical writer, died (born 1/4/1754).
25/2/1821, Sunday (-45,362)
24/2/1821, Saturday (-45,363)
Augustin de Iturbide, an officer in the Mexican Army, published his plan for an
independent Mexico.
23/2/1821, Friday (-45,364)
John Keats, English poet, died of tuberculosis in Rome, aged only 25.
21/2/1821, Wednesday (-45,366) Georg Martens, German legal writer, died
(born 22/2/1756).
16/2/1821, Friday (-45,371) (Africa)
Heinrich Barth, German explorer of Africa, was born in Hamburg (died in Berlin
25/11/1865).
13/2/1821, Tuesday (-45,374) Julius Busch, German publicist, was born
(died 16/11/1899).
11/2/1821, Sunday (-45,376) Auguste Marriette, French Egyptologist
writer, was born (died 19/1/1881).
8/2/1821, Thursday (-45,379) James Longstreet, US Confederate soldier,
was born (died 2/1/1904).
3/2/1821,
Saturday (-45,384) Elizabeth
Blackwell, first English woman doctor, was born.
====================================================================================
21/1/1821, Sunday
(-45,397) (USA)
John Breckinbridge, US soldier and political leader, was born (died 17/5/1875).
19/1/1821, Friday
(-45,399) Ferdinand Gregorovius, German historical writer, was born (died
1/5/1891).
18/1/1821, Thursday
(-45,400) Theodor Goldstucker, German writer on Sanskrit, was born (died
6/3/1872).
17/1/1821, Wednesday
(-45,401) Mexico granted permission for emigrants from the US east coast to
found a colony in what is now Texas. See 18/2/1823.
6/1/1821, Saturday
(-45,412) Jakob Frohschammer, German scholarly writer, was born (died
14/6/1893).
2/1/1821, Tuesday
(-45,416) James Croll, Scottish scientific writer, was born (died
15/12/1890).
===================================================================================
29/12/1820, Friday
(-45,420) Antoine Montyon, French philanthropist, died (born 23/12/1733).
25/12/1820, Monday
(-45,424) Joseph Fouche, French statesman, died (born 21/5/1763).
20/12/1820, Wednesday (-45,429) The Academie de Medicine
was established in Paris
17/12/1820, Sunday (-45,432)
John Bull, the magazine �for God, The King, and The People� went on sale with
750 copies printed. After 6 weeks, circulation rose to 10,000.
16/12/1820, Saturday
(-45,433) Sir George Scharf, director of the British National Portrait
Gallery, was born (died 19/4/1895).
15/12/1820, Friday
(-45,434) John Caird, Scottish religious writer, was born (died 30/7/1898).
6/12/1820, Wednesday (-45,443) Monroe was re-elected President of the USA with an overwhelming
majority.
4/12/1820, Monday
(-45,445) Charles Deems, US religious writer, was born (died 18/11/1893).
3/12/1820, Sunday
(-45,446) John Coleridge, Lord Chief Justice of England, was born (died
14/6/1894).
=====================================================================================
27/11/1820, Monday (-45,452)
Friedrich Engels, German socialist and associate of Karl Marx, was born in
Barmen.
21/11/1820, Tuesday
(-45,458) James Malmesbury, English statesman, died (born 21/4/1746).
18/11/1820, Saturday
(-45,461) Russian explorer, Thaddeus von Bellingshausen, became the first
European to sight Antarctica. Captain of a US sealing ship, the Hero, he had
sailed south in search of more hunting grounds.
14/11/1820, Tuesday (-45,465) (USA)
Anson Burlingame, US statesman, was born (died 23/2/1870).
12/11/1820, Sunday (-45,467) William Hayley, English writer, died (born
9/11/1745).
=====================================================================================
30/10/1820, Monday (-45,480) Sir John Dawson, Canadian geologist, was
born (died 2/3/1901).
28/10/1820, Saturday (-45,482) Antoine Dareste, French historical writer,
was born (died 6/8/1882).
23/10/1820, Monday (-45,487) John Birkinshaw of the
Bedlington iron works was granted a patent for his rolled rails.
6/10/1820, Friday
(-45,504) Jenny Lind, Swedish singer, was born (died 2/11/1887).
=====================================================================================
29/9/1820, Friday
(-45,511) Henri Chambord, contender for the French throne, was born (died
24/8/1883).
26/9/1820, Tuesday
(-45,514) Death of US frontiersman Daniel Boone. He explored the
Kentucky area.
23/9/1820, Saturday
(-45,517) Carl Fleickeisen, German writer, was born (died 7/8/1899).
17/9/1820, Sunday
(-45,523) Guillaume Augier, French dramatist, was born in Valence, Drome
(died 25/10/1889 in Croissy).
15/9/1820, Friday
(-45,525) The Portuguese revolution reached the capital, Lisbon. The
British were evicted.
14/9/1820, Thursday
(-45,526) Pierre Lefebvre, Marshal of France, died (born 20/10/1755).
13/9/1820, Wednesday
(-45,527) Christoph Giebel, German zoological writer, was born (died
14/11/1881).
===================================================================================
30/8/1820, Wednesday
(-45,541) George Frederick Root, US composer, was born in Sheffield,
Massachusetts (died 6/8/1895 in Bailey�s Island, Maine).
26/8/1820, Saturday (-45,545) James Harlan, US politician, was born (died
5/10/1899).
24/8/1820, Thursday (-45,547) A revolt broke out in Portugal as
discontent grew over excessive British influence in the country, and the
absence of the King, who was still in Brazil.
13/8/1820, Sunday
(-45,558) Sir George Grove, English writer on music, was born (died
28/5/1900).
7/8/1820, Monday
(-45,564) The Kington to New Radnor railway opened (tramway).
6/8/1820, Sunday
(-46,565) Lord Strathcona, Canadian businessman, was born.
===================================================================================
25/7/1820, Tuesday
(-46,577) (Technology)
Sir Henry Doulton, English inventor, was born (died 18/11/1897).
22/7/1820, Saturday
(-46,580) Sir Oliver Mowat, Canadian statesman, was born (died 19/4/1803).
7/7/1820, Friday
(-46,595) King Ferdinand I of Naples promised a national Constitution after
a rebellion organised by secret societies, including the Carbonari. The
Inquisition was also abolished in Naples.
====================================================================================
21/6/1820, Wednesday (-45,611) James Halliwell-Phillips, English writer
on Shakespeare, was born (died 3/1/1889).
19/6/1820, Monday (-45,613) Sir Joseph Banks, English botanist
who accompanied Cook on his voyage round the world in The Endeavour,
died aged 77.
16/6/1820, Friday (-45,616) Athanase Coquerel, French religious writer,
was born (died 24/7/1875).
14/6/1820, Wednesday (-45,618) John Bartlett, US writer, was born in
Plymouth, Massachusetts (died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, 3/12/1905.
12/6/1820, Monday (-45,620) Jose Conde, Spanish writer on the Orient, died
(born 28/10/1766).
6/6/1820, Tuesday
(-45,626) Henry Grattan, Irish statesman, died (born 3/7/1746).
===================================================================================
31/5/1820, Wednesday
(-45,632) (Christian)
The Inquisition was finally suppressed in Mexico.
23/5/1820, Tuesday (-45,640) (USA) James
Eads, US engineer, was born (died 8/3/1887).
21/5/1820, Sunday (-45,642) Nicholas Giers, Russian statesman, was born
(died 26/1/1895).
15/5/1820, Monday (-45,648)
Congress in the USA designated the slave trade as a form of piracy.
12/5/1820, Friday (-45,651) Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy; she was named
after the city. She had a privileged education but shocked her family by
turning down several marriage proposals to pursue a career in nursing. In 1854
she nursed soldiers in the Crimean War and resolved to improve the appalling
medical conditions there.
10/5/1820, Wednesday (-45,653) Hermann Ebel, German scholarly writer,
was born (died 19/8/1875).
8/5/1820, Monday (-45,655) The United States Botanic Garden was
established in Washington, DC.
4/5/1820, Thursday
(-45,659) The English publisher, Joseph Whitaker, was born in London,
the son of a silversmith.
1/5/1820, Monday (-45,662)
The militant radicals involved in the Cato
Street conspiracy (just off the Edgware Road) to kill the Prime Minister were
executed. Their leader, Arthur Thistlewood, was suspected of being a police
informer.
=====================================================================================
26/4/1820, Wednesday (-45,667) Alice Cary, US poet, was born (died
12/2/1871).
16/4/1820, Sunday (-45,677) Georg
Curtius, German writer, was born (died 12/8/1885).
15/4/1820, Saturday (-45,678) (Medical)
John Bell, Scottish surgeon, died in Rome (born in Edinburgh 12/5/1763).
14/4/1820, Friday (-45,679)
Pierre Chesnelong, French politician, was born (died1894).
11/4/1820, Tuesday (-45,682)
8/4/1820, Saturday (-45,685) The
famous Venus de Milo sculpture was discovered by a peasant on the Aegean island
of Melos. Thought to have been crafted by Alexandros of Antioch, the object was
given to King Louis XVIII, who donated it to the Louvre.
7/4/1820, Friday (-45,686)
Georg Klapka, Hungarian soldier, was born (died 17/5/1892).
6/4/1820, Thursday (-45,687)
Felix Nadar, photographer, was born.
5/4/1820, Wednesday (-45,688)
Sam Cowell, British music hall performer, was born in London (died in
Blandford, 11/3/1864)
4/4/1820, Tuesday (-45,689)
Charles Devens, US lawyer, was born (died 7/1/1891).
2/4/1820, Sunday (-45,691) Easter Sunday; Thomas Brown, Scottish writer,
died (born 1778).
====================================================================================
31/3/1820, Friday (-45,693)
First Christian missionaries arrived in Hawaii, from New England, USA.
30/3/1820, Thursday (-45,694)
Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty, was born in Great Yarmouth,
Norfolk.
29/3/1820, Wednesday (-45,695)
28/3/1820, Tuesday (-45,696)
Louis XVIII of France and King William of the Netherlands agreed that the
frontier of their countries should be as it was in 1790.
27/3/1820, Monday (-45,697) Sir
Edward Inglefield, British Admiral, was born (died 5/9/1894).
22/3/1820, Wednesday (-45,702) Stephen Decatur, US naval commander, died
(born 5/1/1779).
20/3/1820, Monday (-45,704) Alexander Cuza, First Prince of Romania,
was born.
17/3/1820, Friday (-45,707) Jean Ingelow, English poet, was born (died
20/7/1897).
15/3/1820, Wednesday (-45,709)
Congress reached a compromise on the slavery issue by admitting Maine (23rd
state of the Union) to the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
This measure was to keep the number of slave and non-slave states equal.
14/3/1820, Tuesday (-45,710)
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia and first King of a united Italy, was
born.
11/3/1820, Saturday (-45,713) Benjamin West, painter, died aged 81 in
London.
9/3/1820, Thursday (-45,715) The USA passed the Land Act,
paving the way for westward expansion by rich land speculators.
7/3/1820, Tuesday (-45,717) King Ferdinand VII of Spain was forced to
restore the Loiberal constitution of�
1812 after a rebellion led by Colonel Farael Riego.
2/3/1820, Thursday (-45,722)
Edward Dekker, Dutch writer, was born (died 19/2/1887).
1/3/1820, Wednesday (-45,723)
Johann Joachim Eschenburg, literary critic, died.
===================================================================================
28/2/1820, Monday (-45,725) Sir John Tenniel, illustrator and
cartoonist, was born.
23/2/1820, Wednesday (-45,730) The Cato Street conspiracy was discovered. This was a plot to blow up
the entire Cabinet with explosives and set up a provisional government. The
conspiracy was led by Arthur Thistlewood. This led to renewed fears of
radicalism and set back the cause of moderate reformists.
20/2/1820, Sunday (-45,733) Johann Eschenburg, German historical writer, died
(born 7/12/1743).
15/2/1820, Tuesday (-45,738) Susan Anthony, American social
reformer and champion of women�s
suffrage, was born in Adams, Massachusetts.
13/2/1820, Sunday (-45,740) Leonard MacNally, Irish informer for the
British Crown on Robert Emmet, died.
8/2/1820, Tuesday (-45,745) General William Sherman, American
Union Army commander during the Civil War, was born in Lancaster, Ohio.
6/2/1820, Sunday (-45,747)
The ship Mayflower of Liberia left New
York for Liberia with 86 free Black people aboard.
5/2/1820, Saturday (-45,748)
William Blaikie, theological writer, was born in Aberdeen (died 11/6/1899).
2/2/1820, Wednesday (-45,751)
====================================================================================
29/1/1820, Saturday (-45,755)
King George III, longest lived
and longest reigning (over 59 years) King of England, died at Windsor aged 81
(26/10/1760, coronation of George III). Accession of King George IV; his long-separated wife Caroline returned form the
Continent to claim her position as Queen. Caroline was warmly welcomed by the
British public, who perceived her as having been badly treated by her husband.
George IV nevertheless persuaded his Cabinet ministers to immediately begin
divorce proceedings.
28/1/1820, Friday (-45,756)
Montague Bernard, English lawyer, was born on Gloucestershire (died 1882).
23/1/1820, Sunday (-45,761) Edward Augustus, 4th son of King George IV
and Field Marshal in the British Army, died (born 2/11/1767).
20/1/1820, Thursday (-45,764) (Education-University)
Anne Clough, promoter of women�s adult education, was born (died 27/2/1892).
17/1/1820, Monday (-45,767) Novelist Anne Bronte (known as Acton Bell) was born, the youngest of three
sisters, at Thornton, Yorkshire.
10/1/1820, Monday (-45,774) Sir
Neville Chamberlain, British Field-Marshal, was born (died 18/2/1902).
9/1/1820, Sunday (-45,775)
Matthew Dawson, jockey, was born (died 18/8/1898).
====================================================================================
30/12/1819, Thursday (-45,785) Theodor Fontane, German novelist, was
born (died 20/9/1898).
28/12/1819, Tuesday (-45,787)
Joaquin Jovellar y Soler, Captain-General of Spain, was born (died 17/4/1892).
27/12/1819, Monday (-45,788) (Ireland)
Hugh Cairns, Irish statesman, was born (died 2/4/1885).
25/12/1819, Saturday (-45,790)
23/12/1819, Thursday (-45,792)
William Kingsford, English historical writer, was born (died 28/9/1898).
22/12/1819, Wednesday (-45,793) (Arts)
Franz Abt, German composer, (died 31/3/1885 in Weisbaden) was born in Eilenburg,
Saxony.
20/12/1819, Monday (-45,795)
18/12/1819, Saturday (-45,797) Isaac
Hecker, US religious writer, was born (died 22/12/1888)
17/12/1819, Friday (-45,798) Simon Bolivar, who had already secured the independence of
Venezuela, became the President of the newly independent Bolivia.
15/12/1819, Wednesday (-45,800)
14/12/1819, Tuesday (-45,801)
Alabama became the 22nd state of the USA.
13/12/1819, Monday (-45,802) (Farming)
Vincenzo Dandolo, Italian agriculturalist, died (born 1758).
3/12/1819, Friday (-45,812) Robert Etheridge, English geologist, was
born (died 18/12/1903).
===================================================================================
30/11/1819, Tuesday (-45,815) (Communications)
Cyrus Field, US capitalist who projected the first transatlantic cable, was
born (died 12/7/1892).
23/11/1819, Tuesday (-45,822) Quintin
Crauford, British author, died (born 22/9/1743).
22/11/1819, Monday (-45,823)
Novelist George Elliot was born as Marian Evans, near Nuneaton.
21/11/1819, Sunday (-45,824) James
Hook, English painter, was born (died 14/4/1907).
14/11/1819, Sunday (-45,831) (Chemistry)
Frederick Calvert, English chemist, was born (died 24/10/1873).
12/11/1819, Friday (-45,833) (India)
Sir Herbert Edwardes, British soldier in India, was born (died 23/12/1868).
10/11/1819, Wednesday (-45,835) Arthur Hobhouse, English Judge, was born
(died 6/12/1904).
7/11/1818, Sunday (-45,838) (Biology)
Emil Dobois-Reymond, physiologist, was born (died 26/11/1896).
1/11/1819, Monday (-45,844) (Britain)
Sir John Miller Adye, British General, was born in Sevenoaks, Kent (died
26/8/1900).
======================================================================================
19/10/1819, Tuesday (-45,857) Hugh Munro, British scholarly writer, was
born (died 30/3/1885).
4/10/1819, Monday (-45,872) Francesco Crispi, Italian statesman, was
born (died 12/8/1901).
1/10/1819, Friday (-45,875) Thomas Jones, english geologist, was born,
====================================================================================
23/9/1819, Thursday
(-45,883) Birth of Armand Hippolyte, French physicist who was the first to measure
the speed of �light in 1849. Methods to
find this speed include, 1) timing the eclipses of Jupiter�s satellites when at
closest and furthest point from Earth, 2) Adjusting the speed of a rotating cog
wheel so it turns just one tooth-breadth whilst light travels to a distant
mirror and back, and 3) Send a light beam from a source to a rotating mirror
and thence to a distant mirror and back, by which time the first mirror has rotated
a little, and see how the beam direction has changed.
18/9/1819, Saturday (-45,888)
Jean Foucault, French scientist, was born in Paris.
17/9/1819, Friday (-45,889)
Peter Lesley, US geologist, was born (died 1/6/1903).
16/9/1819, Thursday (-45,890)
Anna Bosboom-Toussaint, Dutch novelist, was born in Alkmaar (died in The Hague,
13/4/1886).
15/9/1819, Wednesday (-45,891)
Francis Napier, British diplomat, was born (died 19/12/1898).
14/9/1819, Tuesday (-45,892)
Henry Hunt, US soldier, was born (died 11/2/1889).
13/9/1819, Monday (-45,893)
Clara Schumann, German pianist, was born (died 20/5/1986).
12/9/1819, Sunday (-45,894)
Gebhard von Blucher, Prussian Field Marshall who helped the Allies to victory
against Napoleon, died in Silesia.
7/9/1819, Tuesday (-45,899) Jeanne Arnould-Plessey, French actress,
was born in Metz (died 1897).
3/9/1819, Friday (-45,903) Alexander Fraser, Scottish philosophical
writer, was born.
====================================================================================
26/8/1819, Thursday (-45,911)
Prince Albert was born at Rosenau, near Coburg, in Bavaria.
25/8/1819, Wednesday (-45,912) Allan Pinkerton, founder of
the Pinkerton detective agency, which specialised in railway theft, was born.
19/8/1819, Thursday (-45,918) James Watt, Scottish engineer, inventor of the steam engine (patented
1769), died in Heathfield Hall near Birmingham aged 83.
16/8/1819, Monday (-45,921)
(Britain,
food)
At St Peters Fields, or Peterloo, Manchester, a meeting
demanding parliamentary reforms was dispersed by the military. There was a crowd of 60,000 present to hear the
speech of the pugnacious reformer Henry Hunt, who also demanded an end to the Corn Laws. 11 demonstrators were killed and
600 injured by the Manchester Yeomanry. After this the UK government issued the
Six Laws, in 1819, banning any gathering of over 50 people, and any
flag-bearing procession, authorising the arrest of anyone carrying a firearm,
and imposing a tax on newspapers.
14/8/1819, Saturday (-45,923)
Antoine Gramont, French statesman was born (died 18/1/1880).
13/8/1819, Friday (-45,924) (Medical)
Erik Acharius, Swedish botanist (born 28/4/1753) died 13/8/1819 in Wadstena.
10/8/1819, Tuesday (-45,927)
8/8/1819, Sunday (-45,929) Charles
Dana, US journalist, was born (died 17/10/1897).
7/8/1819, Saturday (-45,930) At the
Battle of Boyaca, Simon Bolivar�s
forces won decisively over the Spanish. As a result of this battle, New Granada
(Colombia) gained independence from Spain, and eventually Bolivar was able to
create the state of Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador).
1/8/1819, Sunday (-45,936) Herman Melville, author of Moby Dick, was
born.
==================================================================================
24/7/1819, Saturday (-45,944) Josiah Holland, US writer, was born (died
12/10/1881).
19/7.1819, Monday (-45,949)
Gottfried Keller, German novelist, was born (died 15/7/1890).
18/7/1819, Sunday (-45,950) Barthelemy
Faujas, French geological writer, died (born 17/5/1741).
14/7/1819, Wednesday (-45,954)
10/7/1819, Saturday (-45,958) Alfred
Arneth, Austrian historian, was born in Vienna (died 1897).
9/7/1819, Friday (-45,959)
Elias Howe, inventor of the first practical sewing machine, was born in
Spencer, Massachusetts.
8/7/1819, Thursday (-45,960)
Sir Francis McClintock, British Arctic explorer, wa born (died 17/11/1907).
7/7/1819, Wednesday (-45,961) The widow of Blanchard, who
had continued his aviation career after he died of a heart attack, herself died
in a ballooning accident. Her craft was ignited by a stray firework during a
display at the Tivoli Gardens, Paris.
5/7/1819, Monday (-45,963) Sir William Cornwallis, British Admiral, died
(born 20/2/1744).
2/7/1819, Friday (-45,966) In Britain the Cotton Mills and Factories
Act prohibited the employment of children under 9 in cotton mills. Those aged 9
and over were restricted to a 12-hour day. Peel and Owen had wanted a 10-year
age limit.
===================================================================================
30/6/1819, Wednesday (-45,968) Ernst Gerber, German musical writer, died
(born 29/9/1746).
26/6/1819, Saturday (-45,972) Abner Doubleday, US soldier, was born (died
26/1/1893).
24/6/1819, Thursday (-45,974)
Thomas Farrer, English civil servant, was born (died 11/10/1899).
23/6/1819, Wednesday (-45,975)
Henry Gray, US painter, was born (died 12/11/1877).
20/6/1819, Sunday (-45,978) The steamship Savannah arrived
in Liverpool, under the command of Captain Moses Rogers, after crossing the
Atlantic in just 27 days after leaving Savannah, Georgia on 24/5/1819. She was
the first ship to cross the Atlantic by steam power.
12/6/1819, Saturday (-45,986) Charles Kingsley, English novelist, was
born (died 23/1/1875).
10/6/1819, Thursday (-45,988) Gustave Courbet, French painter, was born
(died 31/12/1877).
5/6/1819, Saturday (-45,993) John Couch Adams, who co-discovered
Neptune, was born near Launceston, Cornwall.
==================================================================================
31/5/1819, Monday (-45,998) Walt Whitman, poet, was born.
28/5/1819, Friday (-46,001)
Frederic Huntington, US religious writer, was born (died 11/7/1904).
27/5/1819, Thursday (-46,002)
George V, King of Hanover, was born.
24/5/1819, Monday (-46,005) Queen (Alexandrine) Victoria was born at Kensington Palace,
daughter of Edward Duke of Kent and Mary, daughter of Francis, Duke of Saxe �
Coburg - Saalfeld. She was the granddaughter of King George III, and niece of
King William IV.
17/5/1819, Monday (-46,012) The first bicycles, or �swift walkers�
appeared on the streets of New York.
8/5/1819, Saturday (-46,021)
Death of King Kamehameha, who united Hawaii, aged 82. He was succeeded by his
22-year old son, Kamehameha II, who welcomed Christian missionaries and allowed
the indigenous culture to be undermined.
==================================================================================
28/4/1819, Wednesday (-46,031) (USA)
Ezra Abbot, US scholar of the Bible, was born in Jackson, Maine.
27/4/1819, Tuesday (-46,832) Sir
William Muir, Scottish Orientalist writer, was born.
26/4/1819, Monday (-46,033)
25/4/1819, Sunday (-46,034) Mark Firth,
British steel maker and philanthropist, was born (died 28/11/1880).
24/4/1819, Saturday (-46,035) Klaus
Groth, German poet, was born (died 1/6/1899).
23/4/1819, Friday (-46,036)
22/4/1819, Thursday (-46,037)
Friedrich Bodenstedt, German author, was born in Hanover (died in Wiesbaden
19/4/1892).
21/4/1819, Wednesday (-46,038)
Oliver Evans, US industrialist, died (born 1755).
18/4/1819, Sunday (-46,041) Franz von Suppe, composer, was bormn in Split
(died 21/5/1895 in Vienna)
13/4/1819, Tuesday (-46,046)
The Mansfield and Pinxton railway opened. It was taken over by the Midland
Railway in 1848, adapted for steam traction, and reopened on 9/10/1849.
11/4/1819, Sunday (-46,048) Easter Sunday. Sir Charles Halle,
German musician who founded the Halle Orchestra in Manchester, was born.
==================================================================================
29/3/1819, Monday (-46,061) (Geology)
Edward Laurentine Drake was born in Greenville, New York, USA. On 28/8/1859 he
drilled the world�s first oil well.
28/3/1819, Sunday (-46,062) Engineer
Sir Joseph William Bazalgette was born.
27/3/1819, Saturday (-46,063)
26/3/1819, Friday (-46,064) (Britain)
George William Frederick Charles, Duke of Cambridge, was born (died 17/3/1904).
25/3/1819, Thursday (-46,065)
Auguste Lambermont, Belgian statesman, was born (died 7/3/1905).
23/3/1819, Tuesday (-46,067) August Kotzebue, German dramatist, died (born
3/5/1761).
20/3/1819, Saturday (-46,070) Burlington Arcade, Piccadilly, London, opened
11/3/1819, Thursday
(-46,079) Sir Henry Tate, the British
sugar magnate and philanthropist whose money and pictures formed the foundation
of the Tate Gallery in 1897, was born in Chorley.
10/3/1819, Wednesday (-46,080)
Friedrich
Jacobi, German philosophical writer, died (born 25/1/1743).
6/3/1819, Saturday (-46,084)
2/3/1819, Tuesday (-46,088) (Aviation)
Henry Coxwell, English balloonist, was born (died 5/1/1900).
1/3/1819, Monday (-46,089) (USA)
Alexander Bell, US educationalist, was born (died 1905).
===================================================================================
22/2/1819, Monday (-46,096) The USA annexed all of Florida from Spain.
14/2/1819, Sunday (-46,104) American inventor Christopher Latham
Stokes, who invented an early typewriter,
was born near Mooresburg, Pennsylvania.
8/2/1819, Monday (-46,110) (1) Rioting and looting followed a protest march
by the unemployed in Trafalgar Square.
(2) John Ruskin, English writer and art critic, was born
in Dulwich, London, the son of a wine dealer
=================================================================================
29/1/1819, Friday (-46,120)
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles landed at Singapore and set up a trading post
there.
25/1/1819, Monday (-46,124) Ernest Jones, English Chartist, was born
(died 26/1/1869).
21/1/1819, Thursday (-46,128)
Edward Capern, English poet, was born (died 5/6/1894).
20/1/1819, Wednesday (-46,129) Charles
IV of Spain died (born 11/11/1748).
14/1/1819, Thursday (-46,135) Sir James Cockle, English mathematician,
was born (died 27/1/1895).
12/1/1819, Tuesday (-46,137) Andre Morellet, French writer, died (born
7/3/1727).
9/1/1819, Saturday (-46,140) William Frith, English painter, was born
(died 2/11/1909).
1/1/1819, Friday (-46,148) Arthur Clough, English poet, was born
(died13/11/1861).
================================================================================
28/12/1818, Monday (-46,152) Karl
Fresenius, German chemist, was born (died 11/6/1897).
27/12/1818, Sunday (-46,153) Henry
Drisler, US scholarly writer, was born (died 30/11/1897).
25/12/1818, Friday (-46,155)
24/12/1818, Thursday (-46,156)
Physicist James Joule was born
at Salford, Manchester.
23/12/1818, Wednesday (-46,157) Sir
Philip Francis, English politician, died (born 22/10/1740).
19/12/1818, Saturday (-46,161) Mary Brunton, Scottish novelist, died (born
1/11/1778).
13/12/1818, Sunday (-46,167) (Britain)
Edward Ellenborough, English Judge, died (born 16/11/1750).
9/12/1818, Wednesday (-46,171) Abraham Lincoln�s mother,
Nancy Hanks Lincoln, died aged 34. In 1819 his father, Thomas Lincoln married
Sarah Bush Johnston.
8/12/1818, Tuesday (-46,172) (Geology)
Mineralogist Johann Gottleib Gahn died in Falun, Kopparburg, Sweden.
5/12/1818, Saturday (-46,175) Nikolai Koksharov, Russian geologist, was
born (died 3/1/1893).
3/12/1818. Thursday (-46,177) Illinois became the 21st
state of the USA.
====================================================================================
29/11/1818, Sunday (-46,181) (Canada)
George Brown, Canadian statesman, was born (died 9/5/1880).
24/11/1818, Tuesday (-46,186) David Agnew, US surgeon (died 22/3/1892)
was born.
21/11/1818. Saturday (-46,189) France was admitted to the Quadruple
alliance, now the Quintuple alliance (see 20/11/1815).� France�s war indemnity was cut.
18/11/1818, Wednesday (-46,192)
Marco Minghetti, Italian statesman, was born (died 10/12/1886).
12/11/1818, Thursday (-46,198)
6/11/1818, Friday (-46,204) Malcolm
Laing, Scottish historical writer, died.
5/11/1818, Thursday (-46,205) (USA)
Benjamin Butler, US politician, was born (died 11/1/1893).
====================================================================================
31/10/1818, Saturday (-46,210)
28/10/1818, Wednesday (-46,213)
Abigail Adams, US First Lady, was born.
27/10/1818, Tuesday (-46,214)
Stafford Iddesleigh, British statesman, was born (died 12/1/1887).
24/10/1818, Saturday (-46,217)
22/10/1818, Thursday (-46,219)
Charles leconte, French poet, was born (died 18/7/1894).
21/10/1818, Wednesday (-46,220)
John Dalgairns, English religious writer, was born (died 6/4/1879).
20/10/1818. Tuesday
(-46,221) The USA and Britain agreed the
border between the USA and Canada to be the 49th parallel.
18/10/1818, Sunday (-46,223) Charles Mudie, Engliah publisher, was born
(died 28/10/1890).
15/10/1818, Thursday (-46,226) Irvin McDowell, US soldier, was born
(died 4/5/1885).
13/10/1818, Tuesday (-46,228) (Britain)
Henry Allon, English non-conformist preacher, was born in Welton near Hull
(died March 1892).
10/10/1818. Saturday (-46,231) The first reference to school exam
marks was made, by Dr Samuel Butler, the Headmaster of Shrewsbury School.
====================================================================================
29/9/1818, Tuesday (-46,242) (France
/ Germany) The Congress of Aix La Chapelle began.
27/9/1818, Sunday (+46,244) (Chemistry)
Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe was born in Elliehausen, Germany. In 1845 he
synthesised acetic acid from non-organic compounds.
26/9/1818, Saturday (-46,245) John
Sims Reeves, English vocalist, was born (died 25/10/1900).
25/9/1818, Friday (-46,246) The first blood transfusion
using human blood, as opposed to animal blood, took place in London, at Guys
Hospital.
16/9/1818, Wednesday (-46,255) Sir Francis Haden, English arts writer,
was born (died 1/6/1910).
13/9/1818, Sunday (-46,258) (Arts)
Gustave Aimarde, French novelist, was born in Paris (died 20/6/1883 in Paris).
12/9/1818, Saturday (-46,259)
Richard Gatling, US inventor of the revolving battery gun, was born in Winton,
North Carolina.
11/9/1818, Friday (-46,260) John
Marshall, English surgeon, was born (died 1/1/1891).
8/9/1818, Tuesday (-46,263)
5/9/1818, Saturday (-46,266)
Charles King, English historical writer, was born (died 25/3/1888).
4/9/1818, Friday (-46,267)
Richard Congreve, English Positivist, was born (died 5/7/1899).
=====================================================================================
31/8/1818, Monday (-46,271) (Britain)
Sir Robert Calder, British Admiral, died (born 2/7/1745).
25/8/1818, Tuesday (-46,277) Elizabeth Billington, opera singer, died near
Venice.
23/8/1818, Sunday (-46,279) First steamship service began
on the Great Lakes, North America.
22/8/1818, Saturday (-46,280)
Warren Hastings, British administrator and first Governor-General of British
India, died in Worcestershire aged 85.
20/8/1818, Thursday (-46,282) (Biology)
John Ball, Irish politician and naturalist, was born in Dublin (died in London
21/10/1889).
18/8/1818, Tuesday (-46,284) (Britain)
James Fraser, English Bishop, was born (died 22/10/1885). He did much to secure
the provision of churches for the rapidly-growing population of Manchester,
exceeding even the efforts of his predecessor, James Lee, who had consecrated
130 Manchester churches.
14/8/1818, Friday (-46,288)
Francois Joinville, French statesman, was born (died 16/6/1900).
13/8/1818, Thursday (-46,289)
Lucy Stone, US feminist and reformer, was born in West Brookfield,
Massachusetts.
7/8/1818, Friday (-46,295)
1/8/1818, Saturday (-46,301) Maria
Mitchell, US astronomer, was born (died 28/6/1889).
=====================================================================================
31/7/1818, Friday (-46,302)
Heinrich Kiepert, German geographical writer, was born (died 21/4/1899).
30/7/1818, Thursday (-46,303)
Novelist Emily Bronte was born at Thornton, Yorkshire. One of the three famous
sisters, she wrote Wuthering Heights under the name of Ellis Bell in
1846.
28/7/1818, Tuesday (-46,305) Edward Cope, English scholarly writer, was
born (died 5/8/1873).
19/7/1818, Sunday (-46,314) Sir John
Erichsen, British surgeon, was born (died 23/9/1896).
18/7/1818, Saturday (-46,315) Louis
de Geer, Swedish writer, was born (died 1896).
16/7/1818, Thursday (-46,317)
15/7/1818, Wednesday (-46,318) Work
began on the construction of Berkeley Docks, Gloucestershire.
14/7/1818, Tuesday (-46,319)
Nathaniel Lyon, US soldier, was born (died 10/8/1861).
11/7/1818, Saturday (-46,322) William Forster, British statesman, was
born (died 6/4/1886).
1/7/1818, Wednesday (-46,332) Sir Thomas Bernard, English social
reformer, died (born in Lincoln 27/4/1750).
===================================================================================
21/6/1818, Sunday (-46,342) Sir
Richard Wallace, art collector and philanthropist, was born.
17/6/1818, Wednesday (-46,346) Charles Gounod, French composer, was
born (died 18/10/1893).
11/6/1818, Thursday (-46,352) (Britain)
Alexander Bain, Scottish educationalist, was born in Aberdeen (died in Aberdeen
18/9/1903).
3/6/1818, Wednesday (-46,360) Louis Faidherbe, French general, was
born (died 29/9/1889).
===================================================================================
31/5/1818, Sunday (-46,363) (USA)
John Albion Andrew, US politician, was born in Windham, Maine (died 30/10/1867
in Boston).
28/5/1818, Thursday (-46,366) (USA)
Pierre Beauregard, US soldier, was born near New Orleans (died in New Orleans
20/2/1893).
27/5/1818, Wednesday (-46,367)
Amelia Bloomer, American Women�s Rights campaigner who popularised �bloomers�,
was born in Homer, New York.
26/5/1818, Tuesday (-46,368)
A Bill presented by the economist and councillor Karl Maaseen was adopted. It abolished customs procedures within Prussia
and lifted trade restrictions.
25/5/1818, Monday (-46,369)
Jakob Burckhardt, Swiss writer on art, was born (died 1897).
24/5/1818, Sunday (-46,370) John
Foley, Irish sculptor, was born (died 27/8/1874).
20/5/1818, Wednesday (-46,374)
William Fargo, co-founder of the freight carrier Wells Fargo, was born.
14/5/1818, Thursday (-46,380) Matthew Lewis, romance writer, died (born
9/7/1775).
10/5/1818, Sunday (-46,384)
Paul Revere, who made the famous ride from Charlestown to Lexington to warn US militia
of British troops, died aged 83 in Boston, Massachusetts.
5/5/1818, Tuesday (-46,389)
Karl Heinrich Marx, father of Communism,
was born in Trier, Germany, son of a Jewish lawyer.
4/5/1818, Monday (-46,390)
Manuel Mila, Spanish scholarly writer, was born (died 16/7/1884).
===================================================================================
29/4/1818, Wednesday (-46,395) Alexander II, Tsar of Russia, was
born.
23/4/1818, Thursday (-46,401) James Froude, English historical writer,
was born (died 20/10/1894).
20/4/1818, Monday (-46,404) Heinrich Gobel, inventor, was born.
13/4/1818, Monday (-46,411) Fedor Buslaev, Russian scholarly writer,
was born (died 1898).
8/4/1818, Wednesday (-46,416) August Hofmann, German chemist, was born
(died 5/5/1892).
5/4/1818, Sunday (-46,419) Chile achieved independence from Spanish rule, after a revolutionary war
led by Bernard O�Higgins.
===================================================================================
25/3/1818, Wednesday (-46,430) Henry Lee, US General, died (born
29/1/1756).
23/3/1818, Monday (-46,432) (USA) Don
Carlos Buell, US soldier, was born (died 19/11/1898).
22/3/1818, Sunday (-46,433) Easter
Sunday; John Kensett, US painter, was born.
20/3/1818, Friday (-46,435) Johann Forkel, German musician, died (born
22/2/1749).
18/3/1818, Wednesday (-46,437) Jean Challamel, French historical
writer, was born (died 20/10/1894).
15/3/1818, Sunday (-46,440) Hector MacNeill, Scottish poet, died.
3/3/1818, Tuesday (-46,452) Constantine Kauffman, Russian General, was
born (died 15/5/1882).
==================================================================================
17/2/1818, Tuesday (-46,466)
Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun patented the Draisine , forerunner of the
bicycle.
13/2/1818, Friday (-46,470) (USA) George
Clarke, US frontiersman, died (born 19/11/1752).
12/2/1818, Thursday (-46,471)
Chile proclaimed independence from Spain after a revolution led by San
Martin and Bernard O�Higgins.
11/2/1818, Wednesday (-46,472)
Edward Goulburn, English religious writer, was born (died 3/5/1897).
9/2/1818, Monday (-46,474)
7/2/1818, Saturday (-46,476)
Francois Meurice, French dramatist, was born (died 12/12/1905).
6/2/1818, Friday (-46,477)
William Maxwell Evarts, US statesman, was born in Boston, Massachusetts (died
28/2/1901 in New York City).
5/2/1818, Thursday (-46,478)
Charles XIII of Sweden died aged 69. He was succeeded by Crown Prince Jean
Bernadotte (55), who now became Charles XIV.
==================================================================================
30/1/1818, Friday (-46,484) Arthur Gorgei, Hungarian soldier, was born.
28/1/1818, Wednesday (-46,486) George Boutwell, US statesman, was born
in Brookline, Massachusetts (died in Groton, Massachusetts, 28/2/1905).
24/1/1818, Saturday (-46,490) John Neale, English religious writer, was
born (died 6/8/1866).
18/1/1818, Sunday (-46.496) Johannes Ebrard, German religious writer, was
born (died 23/7/1888).
6/1/1818, Tuesday (-46,508)
Gustav Kenncott, mineralogist, was born (died 7/3/1897).
5/1/1818, Monday (-46,509)
The first regular scheduled service
across the Atlantic began, between New York and Liverpool.
3/1/1818, Saturday (-46,511)
1/1/1818, Thursday (-46,513) Mary
Shelley�s novel Frankenstein was
published. It was subtiiled �The Modern
Prometheus�.
==================================================================================
31/12/1817, Wednesday (-46,514)
James Fields, US author, was born (died 24/4/1881).
27/12/1817, Saturday (-46,518) Henry Thoreau, writer, was born in Concord,
Massachusetts.
25/12/1817, Thursday (-46,520)
The Hincaster Tunnel, at the northern end of the Lancaster Canal in Cumbria,
opened.
10/12/1817, Wednesday (-46,535) Mississippi became the 20th
state of the USA.�
7/12/1817, Sunday (-46,538) Captain Bligh, captain of The
Bounty, died in London.
=================================================================================
30/11/1817, Sunday (-46,545) Theodore Mommsen, German historical writer,
was born (died 1/11/1903).
25/11/1817, Tuesday (-46,550) John Bigelow, US journalist, was born in
New York State.
12/11/1817, Wednesday (-46,563) (Iran) Baha�u�llah, founder of the Bahai
faith, was born.
7/11/1817, Friday (-46,568) Jean Deluc, Swiss geologist, died (born
8/2/1727).
5/11/1817, Wednesday
(-46,570) Serbia was granted partial
autonomy by the Ottoman Turks.
=================================================================================
30/10/1817, Thursday (-46,576) Hermann Kopp, German chemistry writer,
was born (died 20/2/1892).
25/10/1817, Saturday (-46,581) Lothar Bucher, German writer, was born
(died 12/10/1892).
23/10/1817, Thursday (-46,583)
Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer, was born.
18/10/1817, Saturday (-46,588) Etienne
Mehul, French composer, died (born 24/6/1763).
17/10/1817, Friday (-46,589)
Alfred des Cloizeaux, French mineralogist, was born (died 5/1897).
16/10/1817, Thursday (-46,590)
15/10/1817, Wednesday (-46,591)
John Burckhardt, Swiss writer and orientalist, died (born 24/11/1784).
14/10/1817, Tuesday (-46,592) John
Curran, Irish politician, died (born 24/7/1750).
11/10/1817, Saturday (-46,595) John Delane, editor of The Times, London,
was born (died 22/11/1879).
8/10/1817, Wednesday (-46,598) Henry Erskine, Lord Advocate of
Scotland, died (born 1/11/1746).
==================================================================================
29/9/1817, Monday (-46,607) Under the Fort Meigs Treaty, 6,000 square
miles of land previously belonging to the Ohio Indians was ceded to the US
Government. In return the Indians received 144 square miles, the �Grand
Reserve, on the Upper Sandusky.
27/9/1817, Saturday (-46,609) Paul Feval, French novelist, was born (died
8/3/1887).
24/9/1817, Wednesday (-46,612) Ramon de Campoamor, Spanish poet, was
born (died 12/2/1901).
14/9/1817, Sunday (-46,622) Henry Brampton, English judge, was born in
Hitchin (died in London 6/10/1907).
6/9/1817, Saturday (-46,630) Sir Alexander Galt, Canadian statesman, was
born (died 19/9/1893).
===================================================================================
29/8/1817, Friday (-46,638) John Leech, English caricaturist, was born
(died 29/10/1864).
16/8/1817, Saturday (-46,651) Henry
Davis, US politician, was born (died 30/12/1865).
15/8/1817, Friday (-46,652) Roswell
Hitchcock, US writer, was born (died 16/6/1887).
13/8/1817, Wednesday (-46,654) William Esher, English Judge, was born
(died 24/5/1899).
10/8/1817, Sunday (-46,657) Francis Lowell, US cotton industrialist, died
(born 7/4/1775).
6/8/1817, Wednesday (-46,661) Pierre Dupont, French statesman, died
(born 14/9/1739).
4/8/1817, Monday (-46,663)
Frederick Frelinghuysen, US statesman, was born (died 20/5/1885).
3/8/1817, Sunday (-46,664) (Austria)
Friedrich Albert, Austrian Field Marshal, was born in Vienna (died 18/2/1895).
1/8/1817, Friday (-46,666) Sir Joseph Gilbert, English chemist, was
born (died 23/12/1901).
===================================================================================
21/7/1817, Monday (-46,677) Sir John Gilbert, English painter, was born
(died 6/10/1897).
18/7/1817, Friday (-46,680) (Arts)
Jane Austen died, at her house in Winchester.
15/7/1817, Tuesday (-46,683) (Railways GB)
Sir John Fowler, British railway engineer, was born (died 20/11/1898).
12/7/1817, Saturday (-46,686) David Henry Thoreau, writer, was born.
9/7/1817, Wednesday (-46,689)
6/7/1817, Sunday (-46,692) (Biology)
Rudolf Albert von Kolliker was born in Zurich, Switzerland. In 1844 he showed
that the egg is a cell and all cells in the organism originate by divisions
from the egg cell.
5/7/1817, Saturday (-46,693) The
first gold sovereigns were issued in Britain.
4/7/1817, Friday (-46,694)
Construction work began on the Erie Canal; actually called the New York State
Barge Canal.� The canal opened on
26/10/1825.
====================================================================================
30/6/1817,� Monday (-46,698) Sir
Joseph Hooker, English botanist, was born.
24/6/1817, Tuesday (-46,704) The Tavistock Canal, linking Tavistock to
the port at Morwelham, opened.
22/6/1817, Sunday (-46,706) (1)
London�s Waterloo Bridge, built by John Rennie, was opened. It was originally
called Strand Bridge but was renamed on the anniversary of the Battle of
Waterloo.
(2) Windham Sadler crossed the St George�s Channel by
balloon.
21/6/1817, Saturday (-46,707) Robert
Monkswell, English Judge, was born (died 3/11/1886).
19/6/1817, Thursday (-46,709)
17/6/1817, Tuesday (-46,711)
Thomas German Reed, British composer, was born in Bristol (died 21/3/1888 in
London)
16/6/1817, Monday (-46,712) Alexander
Dallas, US statesman, died (born 21/6/1759).
13/6/1817, Friday (-46,715) Richard Edgeworth, British writer, died
(born 31/5/1744).
6/6/1817, Friday (-46,722) Alexander Forbes, Scottish religious
writer, was born (died 8/10/1875).
===================================================================================
31/5/1817, Saturday (-46,728) Joseph Durocher, French geologist, was born
(died 3/12/1858).
26/5/1817, Monday (-46,733) Denis MacCarthy, Irish poet, was born (died
7/4/1882).
22/5/1817, Thursday (-46,737)
Sir George Dasent, English writer, was born (died 11/6/1896).
21/5/1817, Wednesday (-46,738)
Rudolf Lotze, German philosophical writer, was born (died 1/7/1881).
17/5/1817, Saturday (-46,742) (Geology)
Henry William Bristow, English geologist, was born (died 14/6/.1889).
3/5/1817, Saturday (-46,756) Horatio Hale, US ethnological writer, was
born (died 28/12/1896).
=====================================================================================
29/4/1817, Tuesday (-46,760) (France)
Vincent Benedetti, French diplomat, was born in Bastia, Corsica (died in Paris
28/3/1900).
26/4/1817, Saturday (-46,763) Richard Lyons, British diplomat, was born
(died 5/12/1887).
24/4/1817, Thursday (-46,765) Jean Marignac, Swiss chemist, was born
(died 15/4/1894).
22/4/1817, Tuesday (-46,767) Andrew Curtin, US politician, was born
(died 7/10/1894).
16/4/1817, Wednesday (-46,773)
Martin Delbruck, Prussian statesman, was born (died 1/2/1903).
15/4/1817, Tuesday (-46,774)
Benjamin Jowett, scholarly writer, was born (died 1/10/1893).
14/4/1817, Monday (-46,775) Sir
John Duckworth, British Admiral, died (born 28/2/1748).
13/4/1817, Sunday (-46,776) George
Holyoake, English writer, was born (died 22/1/1906).
12/4/1817, Saturday (-46,777) Charles Messier, French
astronomer who made a list of nebulae known as the Messier catalogue, died.
11/4/1817, Friday (-46,778) Juan
Masdeu, Spanish historical writer, died (born 4/10/1744).
10/4/1817, Thursday (-46,779)
8/4/1817, Tuesday (-46,781) (Biology)
Charles Brown-Sequard, neurologist, was born (died 2/4/1894).
7/4/1817, Monday (-46,782)
Some 200 slaves in Maryland rioted, attacking Whites.
6/4/1817, Sunday (-46,783)
Easter Sunday
4/4/1817, Friday
(-46,785) Andre Massena, one of Napoleon�s Marshals, died (born 6/5/1756).
2/4/1817, Wednesday
(-46,787) Johann Jung, German author, died (born 12/9/1740).
=====================================================================================
27/3/1817, Thursday
(-46,793) Karl Naegeli, Swiss botaniucal writer, was born (died 11/5/1891).
23/3/1817, Sunday
(-46,797) Louis Maury, French scholarly writer, was born (died 11/2/1892).
22/3/1817, Saturday
(-46,798) Braxton Bragg, US soldier, was born in North Carolina (died in
Galveston, Texas, 27/9/1876).
17/3/1817, Monday
(-46,803) Pasquale Mancini, Italian statesman, was born (died 26/12/1888).
10/3/1817, Monday
(-46,810) Several hundred Manchester weavers set out from St Peters Fields,
Manchester, to march
to
Westminster, demanding Parliamentary Reform. They were called the Blanketeers,
as they carried blankets to keep
warm at
night. Troops stopped most of them at Stockport but some reached Derbyshire,
and one made it as far as London.
This march
later inspired the Jarrow March.
5/3/1817, Wednesday
(-46,815) Moritz Carriere, German historical writer, was born (died
19/1/1895)
4/3/1817, Tuesday
(-46,816) James Monroe took office as the 5th President of the USA.
==================================================================================
25/2/1817, Tuesday (-46,823) Gottleib Hufeland, German scholarly
writer, died (born 19/10/1760).
23/2/1817, Sunday (-46,825)
John Brown, Scottish writer, was born (died 20/9/1856).
22/2/1817, Saturday
(-46,826) Niels Gade, Danish composer, was born (died 21/12/1890).
17/2/1817, Monday (-46,831)
William III, King of the Netherlands, was born.
15/2/1817, Saturday (-46,833) Charles Daubigny, French landscape painter,
was born (died 19/2/1878).
12/2/1817, Wednesday (-46,836) Battle of Chacabuco; Chile asserted
independence from Spain.
8/2/1817, Saturday (-46,840) Francis Horner, British economist, died
(born 12/8/1778).
3/2/1817, Monday (-46,845) Louis
Delescluze, French geologist, was born (died 24/3/1881).
2/2/1817, Sunday (-46,846) Richard
Ewell, US soldier, was born (died 25/1/1872).
===================================================================================
29/1/1817, Wednesday (-46,850) John Horsley, English painter, was born
(died 18/10/1903).
26/1/1817, Sunday (-46,853) Jean
Godin, French socialist, was born (died 1888).
25/1/1817, Saturday (-46,854) First
performance, in Rome, of Rossini�s opera La Cerentola
23/1/1817, Thursday (-46,856) John Cassell, British publisher, was born
(died 2/4/1865).
12/1/1817, Sunday (-46,867) Juan
Andres, Spanish writer, died in Rome (born 1740 in Planes, Valencia).
11/1/1817, Saturday (-46,868) Timothy
Dwight, US religious writer, died (born 14/5/1752).
9/1/1817, Thursday (-46,870) Sir Rupert Kettle, English County Court
Judge and industrial dispute arbiter, was born (died 6/10/1894).
1/1/1817, Wednesday (-46,878) Martin
Klaproth, German chemistry writer, died (born 1/12/1743).
====================================================================================
31/12/1816, Tuesday (-46,879) Sir
William Gull, English physician, was born (died 29/1/1890).
30/12/1816, Monday (-46,860)
29/12/1816, Sunday (-46,881) (Medical)
Karl Freidrich Wilhelm Ludwig was born in Witzenhausen, Germany. In 1847 he
demonstrated that the blood circulation is purely mechanical, due to heart
pumping action.
28/12/1816, Saturday (-46,882)
Presbyterian clergyman Robert Finley established the American Colonisation
Society, whose aim was to recolonise American Black slaves in Africa.
20/12/1816, Friday (-46,890)
13/12/1816, Friday (-46,897) Ernst Werner von Siemens,
founder of the electrical engineering giant Siemens in 1847, was born.
12/12/1816, Thursday (-46,898) (Italy) King
Ferdinand of Naples abolished the Sicilian Constitution and proclaimed himself
King of the Two Sicilies (Naples and Sicily). As a monarch he had made himself
virtually an Austrian vassal (see 23/1/1806), even having an Austrian, Count
Nugent, as Commander in Chief of the Army. Ferdinand�s ruthless suppression of
opposition in Sicily led to the emergence of the Carbonari, who eventually
penetrated large sections of the Army. A Sicilian military revolt under General
Pepe did intimidate Ferdinand into making some constitutional reforms; however
a pro-independence revolt in Sicily was harshly suppressed with Neapolitan
troops.
11/12/1816, Wednesday (-46,899) (USA) Indiana
became the 19th state of the USA.
10/12/1816, Tuesday (-46,900)
August Goeben, Prussian General, was born (died 1880)
9/12/1816, Monday (-48,901)
8/12/1816, Sunday (-46,902) (USA)
August Belmont, US financier, was born in Prussia (died in New York
24/11/1890).
6/12/1816, Friday (-46,904) (Britain)
Sir John Brown, Sheffield armour plate manufacturer, was born (died
27/12/1896).
4/12/1816, Wednesday
(-46,906) President Monroe, having served as US Secretary
of State under President Madison, was elected to succeed him. See 2/12/1823.
2/12/1816, Monday (-46,908) Rioting broke out at Spa Fields in London during a meeting to promote
demands for parliamentary reform.
Demands were for the vote for all men aged 18 and over, and for no property
qualifications for MPs. The response was a series of Coercion Acts, including a
temporary suspension of Habeas Corpus and an extension of the 1978 Act against
seditious meetings.
===================================================================================
11/11/1816, Monday (-46,929) (Britain)
Sir John Coode, British engineer, was born (died 2/3/1892).
6/11/1816, Wednesday (-46,934) Gouverneur Morris, US statesman, died (born
31/1/1752).
4/11/1816, Monday (-46,936)
Stephen Field, US jurist, was born (died 9/4/1899).
3/11/1816, Sunday (-46,937) Jubal
Early, US soldier, was born (died 2/3/1894).
1/11/1816, Friday (-46,939) Friedrich Hacklander, German novelist, was
born (died 6/7/1877).
==================================================================================
30/10/1816, Wednesday (-46,941) Henry Dawes, US lawyer, was born (died
5/2/1903).
15/10/1816, Tuesday (-46,956) (France)
Stanislas Dupuy, French naval architect, was born (died 1/2/1885).
14/10/1816, Monday (-46,957)
Daniel Huntingdon, US artist, was born (died 19/4/1906).
9/10/1816, Wednesday (-46,962) Edward Blomfield, English scholarly
writer, died in Cambridge (born in Bury St Edmunds 14/2/1788).
==================================================================================
26/9/1816, Thursday (-46,975) Paul Gervais, French palaeontological
writer, was born (died 10/2/1879).
16/9/1816, Monday (-46,985) Sir Theodore Martin, British author, was
born (died 18/8/1909).
==================================================================================
24/8/1816, Saturday (-47,008) Tristan da Cunha, four islands in
the south Atlantic, were annexed and garrisoned by the UK.
21/8/1816, Wednesday (-47,011) Charles Gerhardt, French chemist, was
born (died 19/8/1856).
16/8/1816, Friday (-47,016) (Railways GB)
Sir Daniel Gooch, engineer and railway administrator, was born (died 15/10/1889).
He turned the Great Western railway around from near bankruptcy in 1866, when
he became Chairman of the Board, to healthy profitability in 1889; his last
year on the Board.
13/8/1816, Tuesday (-47,019) Heinrich Gneist, German politician, was
born (died 22/7/1895)
======================================================================================
28/7/1816, Sunday (-47,035) Robert Harkness, English geologist, was born
(died 4/10/1878).
23/7/1816, Tuesday (-47,040) Charlotte Cushman, US actress, was born
(died 18/2/1876).
21/7/1816, Sunday (-47,042) Paul von Reuter, German founder of
Reuters news agency, was born in Kassel as Israel Beer Josaphat.
13/7/1816, Saturday (-47,050) Gustav Freytag, German novelist, was born
(died 30/4/1895).
9/7/1816, Tuesday (-47,054) Argentina, as the �United Provinces of the River Plate�, formally
declared independence from
Spain. In practice independent government had been run since 25/5/1816.
3/7/1816, Wednesday (-47,060) Dorothea Jordan, Irish actress, died.
=====================================================================================
27/6/1816, Thursday (-47,066)
Samuel 1st Viscount Hood, British Admiral whose military successes
included defeating the French off Dominica in 1782 and the capture of Toulon in
the French Revolutionary Wars, died.
18/6/1816, Tuesday (-47,075) John Morrell, British educarionalist
writer, was born (died 1/4/1891).
12/6/1816, Wednesday (-47,081) (France)
Pierre Augereau, French soldier, died.
===================================================================================
25/5/1816, Saturday (-47,099) Anne
Lange, French actress, died (born 17/9/1772).
24/5/1816, Friday (-47,100)
Emanuel Leutze, US artist, was born (died 18/7/1868).
22/5/1816, Wednesday (-47,102) Christopher Hall, English religious
writer, was born (died 18/2/1902).
20/5/1816, Monday (-47,104) Pieter Melvill van Carnbee, Dutch
cartographer of the East Indies, was born (died 24/10/1856).
12/5/1816, Sunday (-47,112) Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron
Grimthorpe, was born (died 29/4/1905).
10/5/1816, Friday (-47,114) Friedrich Gerstacker, German novelist, was
born (died 31/5/1872).
7/5/1816, Tuesday (-47,117) (Rail
Tunnels) Talyllyn tunnel on the Hay Railway, Brecon, Wales, 616 metres
long, opened.
5/5/1816, Sunday (-47,119) John Howson, English religious writer, was
born (died 15/12/1885)
2/5/1816, Thursday (-47,122) Augustus Egg, British painter, was born
(died 26/3/1863).
=================================================================================
29/4/1816, Monday (-47,125) Charles Brooks, English novelist, was born
(died 23/2/1874).
26/4/1816, Friday (-47,128) Sir
Herbert Croft, English author, died (born 1/11/1751).
25/4/1816, Thursday (-47,129)
Byron sailed from Dover to self-imposed exile in Italy.
23/4/1816, Tuesday (-47,131)
22/4/1816, Monday (-47,132)
Philip Bailey, English poet, was born in Nottingham (died 6/9/1902).
21/4/1816, Sunday (-47,133)
Charlotte Bronte, eldest of the three literary sisters, was born in Thornton,
daughter of a Yorkshire clergyman.
17/4/1816, Wednesday (-47,137) Samuel Austin Allibone, US author, was
born in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He died in Lucerne, Switzerland, on
2/9/1889.
14/4/1816, Sunday (-47,140)
Easter Sunday
13/4/1816, Saturday
(-47,141) Sir William Bennett, English composer, was born in Sheffield
(died in St Johns Wood, London, 15/2/1875).
12/4/1816, Friday (-47,142) Sir
Charles Duffy, Irish writer, was born (died 9/2/1903).
11/4/1816, Thursday
(-47,143) Patrick Duigenan, Irish politician, died (born 1735).
5/4/1816, Friday
(-47,149) Samuel Miller, US jurist, was born (died 13/10/1890).
==================================================================================
31/3/1816, Sunday (-47,154)
(USA)
Francis Asbury, US clergyman, died in Spottsylvania, Virginia.
27/3/1816, Wednesday
(-47,158) Sir George Elvey, composer, was born (died 9/10/1893).
20/3/1816, Wednesday (-47,165) Queen Maria I of Portugal died aged 81.
She was succeeded by her son, Joao I, but he remained in Brazil.
17/3/1816, Sunday (-47,168) The 38-ton Elise left Newhaven for a stormy 17-hour crossing
to Le Havre, becoming the first steamboat to cross The Channel.
2/3/1816, Saturday (-47,183) Ghurkas signed a peace treaty with
the British, following their heavy defeat in the Kathmandu Valley; this ended
their year-long war.
==================================================================================
25/2/1816, Sunday (-47,189) (Germany)
Friedrich Bulow, Prussian General, died (born 16/2/1755).
22/2/1816, Thursday (-47,192) Adam
Ferguson, Scottish philosophical writer, died (born 20/6/1723).
21/2/1816, Wednesday (-47,193)
Ebenezer Hoar, US politician, was born (died 31/1/1895).
20/2/1816, Tuesday (-47,194)
Gioachino Rossini�s opera, The Barber of Seville, was first performed, at the
Teatro Argentina in Rome.
18/2/1816, Sunday (-47,196) Maurice Block, French statistician, was born
in Berlin (died in Paris 9/1/1901).
16/2/1816, Friday (-47,198) Giovanni Morelli, Italian art critic, was
born (died 28/2/1891).
7/2/1816, Wednesday (-47,207)
Italian missionary, Giovanni Lantrua of Trioria, was executed by the Chinese.
4/2/1816, Sunday (-47,210) (Britain)
Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire, was born.
===================================================================================
30/1/1816, Tuesday (-47,215) (USA)
Nathaniel Banks, US politician, was born in Waltham, Massachusetts (died in
Waltham, 1/9/1894).
27/1/1816, Saturday (-47,218) Samuel Hood, British Admiral, died (born
12/2/1724)
23/1/1816, Tuesday (-47,222) (Geology)
Samuel Allport, English petrologist, was born in Birmingham. He died 7/7/1897
in Cheltenham.
17/1/1816, Wednesday (-47,228)
Sir Antoine Dorion, Canadian politician, was born (died 31/5/1891).
16/1/1816, Tuesday (-47,229) Brazil proclaimed its
independence from Portugal, with the Portuguese Prince regent Joao as Emperor.
9/1/1816, Tuesday (-47,236) Sir Humphrey Davy�s safety lamp was used in a coal
mine for the first time.
2/1/1816, Tuesday (-47,243) Louis Guyton de Morveau, French chemistry
writer, died (born 4/1/1737).
====================================================================================
31/12/1815, Sunday (-47,245) Sir Edward Bond, English librarian, was born
in Hanwell (died 2/1/1898).
19/12/1815, Tuesday (-47,257) (Biology)
Benjamin Barton, US naturalist, died in Philadelphia (born 1766).
8/12/1815, Friday (-47,268)
Adolph Menzel, german artist, was born (died 9/2/1905).
7/12/1815, Thursday (-47,269)
Marshall Ney, a famous general of Napoleon,
convicted of high treason, was executed by firing squad for supporting Napoleon
at Waterloo when ordered by the Allies to arrest him.
3/12/1815, Sunday (-47,273) (Christian)
John Carroll, US Roman Catholic prelate, died (born 8/1/1735)
======================================================================================
24/11/1815, Friday (-47,282) (Maritime)
Grace Darling, heroine of the shipwreck rescue of the crew of the Forfarshire
on 7/9/1838, was born (died 20/10/1842).
23/11/1815, Thursday (-47,283)
Canada�s frist street lights were lit, in Montreal. They were fuelled by whale
oil, which burnt cleanly.
20/11/1815, Monday (-47,286)
A second Treaty of Paris reduced France to its 1789 frontiers (see
30/5/1814), stripped her of the port of Savoy, and created an organisation
charged with the collective security of Europe. Britain, Austria, Prussia, and
Russia renewed their Quadruple Alliance
and agreed to exclude the Bonaparte dynasty from French rule for another 20
years. An Allied army of occupation was installed in Paris. Under this
Alliance, each power agreed to supply 60,000 soldiers in the event of French
aggression.
12/11/1815, Sunday (-47,294)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, US women�s rights campaigner, was born in Johnstown,
New York, as Elizabeth Cady.
11/11/1815, Saturday (-47,295) Pierre
Ginguene, French writer, died (born 27/4/1748).
10/11/1815, Friday (-47,296) William Hardee, US soldier, was
born (died 6/11/1873).
5/11/1815, Sunday (-47,301) (Greece)
By The Treaty of Paris Britain gained the Ionian Islands, including Corfu.
2/11/1815, Thursday (-47,304) (Mathematics)
Mathematician George Boole was born in Lincoln, England. In 1847 he published
his paper on symbolic logic.
1/11/1815, Wednesday (-47,305) (Medical)
Crawford Williamson Long, surgeon, was born in Danielsville, Georgia, USA. He
is credited with the first use of ether as an anaesthetic, on 30/3/1842.
=====================================================================================
31/10/1815, Tuesday (-47,306) Sir Humphrey Davy patented
the miner�s safety lamp.
30/10/1815, Monday (-47,307)
Andrew Jackson Downing, US landscape gardener (died in Yonkers, New York,
28/7/1852) was born in Newburgh, New York.
29/10/1815, Sunday (-47,308) Daniel
Decatur Emmett, US composer, was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio (died 28/6/1904 in
Mount Vernon)
23/10/1815, Monday (-47,314) Jean Bressant, French actor, was born (died
23/1/1886).
17/10/1815, Tuesday (-47,320)
Emanuel Geibel, German poet, was born (died 6/4/1884).
16/10/1815, Monday (-47,321)
Napoleon arrived at St Helena,
see 8/8/1815.
13/10/1815, Friday (-47,324) Joachim Murat, King of the Two
Sicilies, was executed.
11/10/1815, Wednesday (-47,326) Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, politician,
was born.
7/10/1815, Saturday (-47,330) Charles Beecher, US composer, was born in
Litchfield, Connecticut (died in Georgetown, Massachusetts, 21/4/1900).
===================================================================================
29/9/1815, Friday (-47,338)
Andreas Achenbach, German landscape painter, was born (died 31/3/1910).
28/9/1815, Thursday (-47,339)
Joachim Murat, former King of Naples, landed with only 30 men at Pizzon to try
and regain the throne. He was soon captured.
27/9/1815, Wednesday (-47,340)
Coronation of King William I of Holland, at Brussels
26/9/1815, Tuesday (-47,341)
Holy Alliance formed between
Russia, Austria, and Prussia.
20/9/1815, Wednesday (-47,347) Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist, died
(born 16/9/1725).
15/9/1815, Friday (-47,352) Halfdan Kjerulf, Norwegian composer, was
born (died 11/8/1868).
7/9/1815, Thursday (-47,360) Howell Cobb, US politician, was born
(died 9/10/1868).
=================================================================================
31/8/1815, Thursday (-47,367) Heinrich Beyrich, German geologist, was
born in Berlin (died 9/7/1896).
26/8/1815, Saturday (-47,372) Jean Jaureguiberry, French Admiral, was
born (died 21/10/1887).
23/8/1815, Wednesday (-47,375) Sir
Henry Acland, English physician, was born (died16/10/1900).
22/8/1815, Tuesday (-47,376)
Pro Royalists won the first free elections in France.
16/8/1815, Wednesday (-47,382) Madame Celeste, French actress, was born
(died 12/2/1882).
11/8/1815, Friday (-47,387) Johann Kinkel, German poet, was born (died
13/11/1882).
8/8/1815, Tuesday (-47,390) Napoleon set sail for exile on St Helena. He arrived there on
16/10/1815.
5/8/1815, Saturday (-47,393) Edward John Eyre, English
explorer, colonial administrator and Governor of Jamaica, who discovered Lake
Eyre, was born.
4/8/1815, Friday (-47,394) (Medical)
Physician Carl Reinhold Wunderlich was born in Sulz, Germany. He was the first
to realise the usefulness of taking accurate readings of a patient�s
temperature.
3/8/1815, Thursday (-47,395)
2/8/1815, Wednesday (-47,396) Guillaume
Brune, Marshal of France, died (born 13/3/1763).
1/8/1815, Tuesday (-47,397)
William Conybeare, English religious writer, was born.
===================================================================================
31/7/1815, Monday (-47,398) (Britain)
Lady Harriet (Christian Acland) died (born 3/1/1750).
17/7/1815, Monday (-47,412) Napoleon attempted to escape to America from Rochefort but was captured
by the British.
15/7/1815, Saturday (-47,414)
Napoleon surrendered to Captain
Maitland of the ship Bellerophon at Rochefort.
14/7/1815, Friday (-47,415)
Moritz Hornes, Austrian palaeontologist, was born (died 4/11/1868).
11/7/1815, Tuesday (-47.418)
9/7/1815, Sunday (-47,420) At the Congress of Tucuman, Argentina declared independence from Spain,
after a long campaign by Jose de San Martin.
7/7/1815. Friday (-47,422)
The Allies entered Paris victoriously a
second time, and King Louis XVIII returned to Paris on 8/7/1815.
6/7/1815, Thursday (-47,423)
Theodore la Villemarque, French writer, was born (died 8/12/1895).
2/7/1815, Sunday (-47,427)
1/7/1815, Saturday (-47,428)
A battle between the French and
the Allies at Ligny, near Fleurus, Belgium
===================================================================================
30/6/1815, Friday (-47,429)
Faced with US threats to bombard Algeirs, the Dey agreed to cease piracy and
release US prisoners.
28/6/1815, Wednesday (-47,431) Robert Franz, German composer, was born
(died 24/10/1892).
25/6/1815, Sunday (-47,434) Napoleon abdicated in Paris for a second time.
22/6/1815, Thursday (-47,437)
William Reeve, British composer, died in London (born 1757 in London)
21/6/1815, Wednesday (-47,438)
Napoleon reached Paris.
18/6/1815, Sunday (-47,441)
The Battle of Waterloo was fought, in driving rain, in the flat
Belgian countryside. Combined British and Prussian forces, 15,000 and 8,000
respectively) led by the Duke of Wellington and Field Marshall Blucher decisively
defeated the French (25,000) under Napoleon.
Napoleon miscalculated, underestimating his enemies.� The French soldiers were aware of an
advancing force on their right flank; Napoleon knew this was the Prussian Army,
but reckoned he could defeat the British before they arrived, then
re-deploy.� He told the French Army these
were more French soldiers.� When the
Prussians opened fire on the French it seemed as these �French� soldiers had
changed sides; a cry of �treason� went up, and the French Army disintegrated.� Napoleon himself retreated westwards, but was
held up at Genappe, only four miles from the battlefield, as a mass of men
attempted to cross the only bridge over the River Dyle. Finally, only minutes
before the Prussian cavalry arrived at Genappe, Napoleon succeeded in crossing
the bridge and galloped away towards Paris. See 26/2/1815.
16/6/1815, Friday (-47,443)
Napoleon defeated by Lord Wellington; however the French managed to prevent
Wellington from aiding Blucher at Ligny this day, where the Prussians were
defeated.
15/6/1815, Thursday (-47,444)
Napoleon defeated the
Prussians under Blucher at the Battle of Ligny, Netherlands. The Prussians lost
12,000 men, against French losses of 8,500. Napoleon was hoping, by invading
The Netherlands, to eliminate Britain and Prussia from the coalition against
him.
11/6/1815, Sunday (-47,448) Hablot Browne, artist, was born (died
8/7/1882).
8/6/1815, Thursday (-47,451) Abandoning the idea of
re-establishing the old German Empire, the 39 disparate German States formed a
Union whose constitution was laid down in the Federal Act which came into force
this day.� However the rulers of States
such as Bavaria, Hanover, Wurttemberg, Baden, and Saxony were unwilling to cede
any authority to a central government.
2/6/1815, Friday (-47,457)
Philip Kearny, US soldier, was born (died 1/9/1862).
1/6/1815, Thursday (-47,458)
The Yacht Club was founded in London; membership was restricted to those with a
yacht of over 10 tons. In 1817 this was raised to 20 tons.
====================================================================================
30/5/1815, Tuesday (-47,460) Otto Bohtlingk, German Sanskrit scholar
and writer, was born in St Petersburg (died in Leipzig 1/4/1904).
24/5/1815, Wednesday (-47,466)
The Lachlan River in Australia was discovered by the explorer George William
Evans.
23/5/1815, Tuesday (-47,467) Ferdinand IV formally retook
the Neapolitan throne.
22/5/1815, Monday (-47,468)
21/5/1815, Sunday (-47,469) (Chemistry)
William Nicholson, chemist, died in London, England
20/5/1815, Saturday (-47,470) Murat fled to Corsica and the
pro-Napoleon Neapolitans, now under the command of General Michele Caracosa,
signed a treaty agreeing to the restoration of King Ferdinand IV.
15/5/1815, Monday (-47,475) Stephen Heller, Austrian composer, was born
(died 14/1/1888).
11/5/1815, Thursday (-47,479) Granville George, 2nd earl,
British politician, was born (died 31/3/1891).
8/5/1815, Monday (-47,482) (Arts)
Jean Alard, French violinist, was born in Bayonne (died 22/2/1888 in Paris).
7/5/1815, Sunday (-47,483) Andrew
Fuller, English religious writer, died (born 6/2/1754).
5/5/1815, Friday (-47,485) Eugene Labiche, French dramatist, was born
(died 23/1/1888).
3/5/1815, Wednesday (-47,487)
Murat was heavily defeated at the Battle of Tolentino by General Bianchi�s
Austrian I Corps.
=================================================================================
25/4/1815, Tuesday (-47,495)
Richard Church, English religious writer, was born (died 9/12/1890).
24/4/1815, Monday (-47,496) Anthony
Trollope, British writer, was born.
16/4/1815, Sunday (-47,504) (Britain)
Henry Aberdare, British statesman and educationalist (died 25/2/1895) was born
in Aberdare, Glamorganshire.
10/4/1815, Monday (-47,510)
After five days of
volcanic eruptions, Mount Tambora exploded. The top 500 metres of the mountain
vanished, and a 6 kilometre wide crater appeared. By July 1815 60,000 had died
from the effects of the eruption, and summer 1816 was very cool, bringing
starvation, riots and disease.
9/4/1815, Sunday (-47,511)
Murat was defeated at the Battle of Occhiobello.
8/4/1815, Saturday (-47,512) Edmond
Scherer, French politician, was born (died 16/3/1889).
4/4/1815, Tuesday (-47,516)
1/4/1815, Saturday (-47,519)
Otto von Bismarck, German
statesman, was born at Schonhausen in Brandenburg.
===================================================================================
31/3/1815, Friday (-47,520) Jean
Favre, Swiss geological writer, was born (died 6/1890).
29/3/1815, Wednesday (-47,522) Sir Henry Frere, British colonial
administrator, was born (died 29/5/1884).
26/3/1815, Sunday (-47,525)
Easter Sunday
25/3/1815, Saturday (-47,526)
Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia,
concluded a new alliance against France. On 10/4/1815 Austria also
declared war on Joachim Murat, the King of Naples, who had allied himself with
Napoleon. On 3/5/1815 Murat was defeated by the Austrians at Tolentino. Murat
fled Naples on 20/5/1815 and entered France. On 3/6/1815 Murat was replaced by
Ferdinand IV, the former King of Naples.
23/3/1815, Thursday (-47,528) In Britain, the Corn Laws halted the
imports of grain.
20/3/1815, Monday (-47,531) Napoleon re-entered Paris;
Louis XVIII had hurriedly left the previous night, and fled for Ghent. British
fears that Elba was too close a place to France to exile Napoleon were realised.
17/3/1815, Friday (-47,534) Britain, Russia, Austria and
Prussia mobilised 150,000 men each to fight Napoleon.
16/3/1815, Thursday (-47,535)
William of Orange was proclaimed William I, King of the Netherlands.
15/3/1815, Wednesday (-47,536) On hearing of Napoleon�s
escape, Joachim Murat, King of Naples and Napoleon�s brother in law, declared
war on Austria.
14/3/1815, Tuesday (-47,537) Marshal Ney, who had been
sent to arrest Napoleon at Auxerre, instead joined him with 6,000 men.
7/3/1815, Tuesday (-47,544) The first French troops rallied to Napoleon.
5/3/1815, Sunday (-47,546)
Friedrich Mesmer, Germen doctor who developed the theory of animal magnetism,
or mesmerism, for curing diseases, died aged 80.
4/3/1815, Saturday (-47,547)
Frances Abington, English actress (born 1737) died
3/3/1815, Friday (-47,548)
The USA, angered by piracy in the Mediterranean, authorised hostility against
the Bey of Algiers
2/3/1815, Thursday (-47,549)
1/3/1815, Wednesday (-47,550)
Napoleon landed at Cannes, southern France, with a force of 1,500 men, and
marched on Paris.
===================================================================================
28/2/1815, Tuesday (-47,551)
Karl Graf, German religious writer, was born (died 16/7/1869).
26/2/1815, Sunday (-47,553) Napoleon escaped from
exile on Elba. He arrived in
Paris on 20/3/1815.
24/2/1815, Friday (-47,555) (1) Land in New Zealand was sold to a White
person for the first time, for a mission church.
(2) Robert
Fulton, American engineer and ship and submarine designer, died.
21/2/1815, Tuesday (-47,558) Jean Messonier, French painter, was born
(died 21/1/1891).
18/2/1815, Saturday (-47,561)
Hendrik Leys, Belgian painter, was born.
17/2/1815, Friday (-47,562)
Corn Laws introduced in Britain
15/2/1815, Wednesday (-47,564) Rufus Griswold, US writer, was born
(died 27/8/1857).
12/2/1815, Sunday (-47,567) Edward Forbes, British scientific writer, was
born (died 18/11/1854).
8/2/1815, Wednesday (+47,571) Thomas Farnborough, English historical
writer, was born (died 17/5/1886).
===================================================================================
30/1/1815, Monday (-47,580) Sir William Jenner, English physician,was
born (died 11/12/1898).
24/1/1815, Tuesday (-47,586) Thomas Gee, Welsh writer, was born (died
28/9.1898).
21/1/1815, Saturday (-47,589) Matthias Claudius, German poet, died (born
15/8/1740).
18/1/1815, Wednesday (-47,592) Stanislas Boufflers, French statesman,
died in Paris (born near Nancy 31/5/1738).
15/1/1815, Sunday (-47,595) Emma, Lady Hamilton, mistress of Lord
Nelson, died in poverty in Calais
11/1/1815, Wednesday (-47,599)
Sir John Alexander, Canada�s first Prime Minister, was born.
8/1/1815, Sunday (-47,602) The British, led by General Sir Edward
Pakenham, were defeated at New Orleans by the Americans led by Andrew Jackson.
This was the last battle Britain fought
against the USA. See 24/12/1814.
3/1/1815, Tuesday (-47,607) Cesare Correnti, Italian Revolutionary,
was born (died 4/10/1888).
1/1/1815, Sunday (-47,609) Henry Lazarus, British clarinettist, was born
(died 6/3/1895).
===================================================================================
28/12/1814, Wednesday (-47,613) (Farming)
Sir John Lawes, English agricultiuralist and founder of Rothamsted
Agricultiural College, was born (died 31/8/1900).
26/12/1814, Monday (-47,615) Owen Jones, Welsh historian, died (born
3/9/1741).
24/12/1814. Saturday (-47,617) The Americans and British signed a truce, The Treaty of Ghent ending their war. The British returned all
territory seized from the USA. However it took a month for this news to reach
America, the USA heard the news on 11/1/1815, just after the battle at New Orleans (see 8/1/1815).
23/12/1814. Friday (-47,618)
A British advance towards New Orleans was repulsed by the Americans.
22/12/1814, Thursday (-47,619)
Karl kahnis, german religious writer, was born (died 20/6/1888).
9/12/1814, Friday (-47,632)
Death of Joseph Bramah, English inventor of the beer pump
2/12/1814, Friday (-47,639) Marquis de Sade died in a lunatic
asylum at Charenton.
==================================================================================
25/11/1814, Friday (-47,646) Julius Mayer, German physicist, was born.
23/11/1814, Wednesday (-47,648) Elbridge Gerry, US statesman, died (born
17/7/1744).
15/11/1814, Tuesday (-47,656) Sir William Inglis, British soldier, was
born (died 27/9/1862).
13/11/1814, Sunday (-47,658) Joseph Hooker, US General, was born (died
31/10/1879).
6/11/1814, Sunday (-47,665) Adolphe Sax, Belgian musician and
instrument-maker who invented the Saxophone and Saxhorn, was born.f11/11825
4/11/1814, Friday (-47,667) Norway united with Sweden, see
7/6/1905.
1/11/1814, Tuesday (-47,670) The Congress of Vienna opened,
following Napoleon�s defeat.
=================================================================================
29/10/1814, Saturday (-47,673) The US navy launched the Demilogos
at New York; the first steam powered warship, designed by Robert Fulton.
27/10/1814, Thursday (-47,675) John McClintock, US Methodist religious
writer, was born (died 4/3/1870).
25/10/1814, Tuesday (-47,677) Louis Charles Duc de Nemours was born
(died 26/6/1896).
23/10/1814, Sunday (-47,679) At
the Duke of York Hospital, Chelsea, surgeon Joseph Constantine performed the
first �nose job�.� Using a flap of skin
from the patient�s forehead (a technique used in India in 800 BC) he
reconstructed the nose of a soldier disfigured by toxic mercury treatment.
17/10/1814, Monday (-47,685) Nine
people died in the Great London beer flood. A huge rooftop vat of beer on top
of the Meaux Brewery, Tottenham Court Road, containing 135,000 gallons of beer,
ruptured, taking out neighbouring vats also.�
In all, 300,000 gallons of beer flooded out, drowning people in nearby
cellars.
16/10/1814, Sunday (-47,686) Hans
Geinitz, German geological writer, was born (died 28/1/1900).
14/10/1814, Friday (-47,688) Thomas Davis, Irish poet, was born (died
15/9/1845).
5/10/1814, Wednesday (-47,697) Thomas
Charles, Welsh educationalist, died (born 14/10/1755).
4/10/1814, Tuesday (-47,698)
Jean Millet, French painter, was born (died 20/1/1875).
1/10/1814, Saturday (-47,701) Gathorne Cranbrook, British statesman, was
born (died 30/10/1906).
====================================================================================
23/9/1814, Friday (-47,709) Sir
Richard Moon, English railway administrator, was born (died 17/11/1899).
22/9/1814, Thursday (-47,710) August
Iffland, German dramatist, died (born 19/4/1759).
13/9/1814, Tuesday (-47,719) British troops made an unsuccessful
attack on Baltimore. During the battle, the American composer Francis Scott Key
wrote a patriotic song called �The Star Spangled Banner�.
11/9/1814, Sunday (-47,721) US forces led by President Madison
routed the British fleet on Lake Champlain.
7/9/1814, Wednesday (-47,725) Pierre
Malouet, French writer, died (born 11/2/1740).
6/9/1814, Tuesday (-47,726) Sir
George Cartier, Canadian statesman, was born (died 10/5/1873).
2/9/1814, Friday (-47,730) Ernst Curtius, German historical writer,
was born (died 11/7/1896).
==================================================================================
28/8/1814, Sunday (-47,735) Joseph Sheridan le Fanu, Irish author, was
born (died 7/2/1873).
25/8/1814, Thursday (-47,738)
Benjamin Thompson, scientist who researched heat (born in North Woburn,
Massachusetts, on 26/3/1753), died near Paris, France.
24/8/1814, Wednesday (-47,739)
4,000 British troops under General Ross
invaded Washington and set fire to the White House and the Capitol. Both
were rebuilt and enlarged.
19/8/1814, Friday (-47,744) (Finland)
Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, Governor General of the grand Duchy of Finland, died in
Tsarskoe Selo (born 31/3/1757 in Finland).
14/8/1814, Sunday (-47,749) First
performance, in La Scala, Milan, of Rossini�s opera Il Turco in Italia
13/8/1814, Saturday (-47,750) The British took over the
colony of Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch.
9/8/1814, Tuesday (-47,754) By the Treaty of Fort Jackson the
Creek Indians ceded their claims to about half of present day Alabama, and by a
further series of treaties in 1830 and 1835 the Indians were transferred
further west.
7/8/1814, Sunday
(-47,756) Pope Pius VII re-established the Jesuits� ancient college, the
Collegio Romano, in Rome.
=================================================================================
31/7/1814, Sunday
(-47,763) Amos Lawrence, US philanthropist, was born (died 22/8/1886).
29/7/1814, Friday
(-47,765) Herman Bonitz, German scholarly writer, was born in Saxony (died
in Berlin 25/7/1888)
27/7/1814, Wednesday (-47,767)
George Stephenson�s first locomotive, Blucher,
began work at the Killingworth Colliery wagonway.
25/7/1814, Monday (-47,769) The engineer George Stephenson
tested his first steam locomotive at Killingworth Colliery. This �steam boiler
on wheels�, hauling coal out of the colliery on rails, was a forerunner of the
steam railway locomotives of the later 19th century.
22/7/1814, Friday (-47,772) Five Indian tribes in Ohio made
peace with the USA and declared war on the British.
19/7/1814, Tuesday (-47,775)
(1)
Matthew Flinders, the explorer who surveyed and mapped the coast of Australia,
died aged 40.
(2) Samuel Colt, the inventor of the Colt revolver
(patented 1835), was born.
18/7/1814, Monday (-47,776) Matthew
Flinders proposed, in his work �A Voyage to terra Australis� using the name
�Australia�, which was published this day. He died the following day.
12/7/1814, Tuesday (-47,782) William Howe, British General, died (born
1729).
===================================================================================
30/6/1814, Thursday (-47,794)
Franz Dinglestedt, German poet, was born (died 15/5/1881).
29/6/1814, Wednesday (-47,795)
Edmond Dubois-Crance, French Revolutionist, died (born 1747).
28/6/1814, Tuesday (-47,796)
Frederick Faber, British hymn writer, was born (died 26/9/1863).
25/6/1814, Saturday (-47,799) Gabriel Daubree, French geologist, was born
(died 29/5/1896).
22/6/1814, Wednesday (-47,802)
(London,
Cricket)
The first cricket match was played at the present Lords Cricket Ground, between the Marylebone Cricket Club and Hertfordshire.
The original Marylebone Cricket Club first played at White Conduit Fields
before moving to a better ground at Dorset Square, located by an employee of
the Club, Thomas Lord. Dorset Square, or Lord�s Old Ground, was utilised
1787-1810, before a move to their next venue, known as Lord�s Middle Ground. In
1813 this ground was taken for the Regents canal, and the Club moved to their
present venue in St Johns Wood, then a pleasant rural area.
21/6/1814, Tuesday (-47,803) The Kingdom of The Netherlands was created by a union of the Austrian
Netherlands with Holland. The Austrian Netherlands plus the Bishopric of Liege
(which bisected it) were approximately equivalent to today�s Belgium, whilst
Holland (United Provinces) was slightly smaller than today�s Netherlands.
The �Austrian Netherlands� had come into being after the Treaty of Rastatt
(1714); the British and Dutch had been keen to see Austria have possession of
the region following the War of Spanish Succession, as these powers feared
French domination of the area.
17/6/1814, Friday (-47,807) Robert Grant, British astronomer, was born
(died 24/10/1892).
14/6/1814, Tuesday (-47,810) Alexander Ellis, writer, was born (died
28/10/1890).
11/6/1814, Saturday (-47,813) Henry Bellows, US ecclesiastical writer,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts (died in New York City 30/1/1882)
8/6/1814, Wednesday (-47,816) Frederick Himmel, German composer, died
(born 20/11/1765)
1/6/1814, Wednesday (-47,823) Francois Ponsard, French dramatist, was
born (died 7/7/1867).
====================================================================================
30/5/1814, Monday (-47,825)
The Treaty of Paris returned France to
its 1792 borders (see 20/11/1815). France renounced all claims to
Germany, Italy, Holland, Switzerland, and Malta.
29/5/1814, Sunday (-47,826|) Death
of Empress Josephine, first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte.
28/5/1814, Saturday (-47,827) (Britain)
William Eden Auckland, English statesman, died.
26/5/1814, Thursday (-47,829) Sir William Bovill, English judge, was
born in Barking, London (died in Kingston, Surry, 1/11/1873).
24/5/1814, Tuesday (-47,831)
Pope Pius VII, exiled by Napoleon Bonaparte, returned to Rome.
17/5/1814, Tuesday (-47,838) The independence of Norway was
proclaimed.
12/5/1814, Thursday (-47,843) Adolf von Henselt, German composer, was
born (died 10/10/1889).
9/5/1814, Monday (-47,846) John Brougham, British actor, was born
(died 7/6/1880).
3/5/1814, Tuesday (-47,852) Louis XVIII entered Paris, to rule as a
constitutional (Bourbon) monarch, ending his exile in England.
2/5/1814, Monday (-47,853) (Britain)
Alexander Bridport, British Admiral, died
===================================================================================
28/4/1814, Thursday (-47,857) Napoleon departed from the port of Frejus
for Elba.
25/4/1814, Monday (-47,860) Louis Mercier, French writer, died (born
6/6/1740).
21/4/1814, Thursday (-47,864) Angela Burdett-Coutts, English
philanthropist, was born (died 30/12/1906).
15/4/1814, Friday (-47,870) John Motley, US historical writer, was born
(died 29/5/1877).
12/4/1814, Tuesday (-47,873) Charles
Burney, writer on the history of music, died (born 12/4/1726).
11/4/1814, Monday (-47,874)
Napoleon officially abdicated, see 6/4/1814.
10/4/1814, Sunday (-47,875)
Easter Sunday
6/4/1814. Wednesday
(-47,879) Napoleon, granted a pension and sovereignty of the
island of Elba, agreed to abdicate at Fontainebleau (he abdicated on
11/4/1814). He retained the title of Emperor. On 3/5/1814 Napoleon landed on Elba.
====================================================================================
31/3/1814. Thursday (-47,885) Paris, encircled, poorly defended, and flooded with refugees, surrendered. Marmont was the French
commander who surrendered.
29/3/1814, Tuesday (-47,887) Claude Michel, French sculptor, died (born
20/12/1738).
27/3/1814, Sunday (-47,889) US General Andrew Jackson (1767-1845)
attacked and defeated the Creek Amerindians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, on
the Tallapoosa River, eastern Alabama. Over 800 Creek warriors were killed sand
their power eliminated. See 9/8/1914.
23/3/1814, Wednesday (-47,893)
Gertrudis Gomez, Spanish novelist, was born (died 2/2/1873).
22/3/1814, Tuesday (-47,894)
Thomas Crawford, US sculptor, was born (died 10/10/1857).
20/3/1814. Sunday (-47,896) Napoleon was defeated at
Arcis sur Aube, 17 miles NE of Troyes, leaving the way open for the Allies to
occupy Paris.
12/3/1814. Saturday (-47,904) British forces under Wellington
occupied Bordeaux, following, on 10/3/1814, Napoleon�s defeat at Laon.
5/3/1814, Saturday (-47,911) Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, German historical
writer, was born (died 17/12/1889)
=====================================================================================
28/2/1814, Monday (-47,916)
William Kingston, English novelist, was born (died 5/8/1880).
27/2/1814, Sunday (-47,917) Julien
Geoffroy, French writer, died (born 1743).
24/2/1814, Thursday (-47,920) Henry Brown, US sculptor, was born (died
10/7/1886).
20/2/1814, Sunday (-47,924) Edmond Fremy, French chemist, was born (died
3/2/1894),
8/2/1814, Tuesday (-47,936) Karl Caspari, German writer on the Orient,
was born (died 11/4/1892).
5/2/1814, Saturday (-47,939) (Geology)
David Ansted, geologist, was born in London (died 13/5/1880 in Melton, near
Woodbridge).
1/2/1814, Tuesday (-47,943) Mount Mayon volcano, Philippines, erupted,
killing 1200 and destroying the town of Cagsaua, now replaced by Albay.
====================================================================================
27/1/1814, Thursday (-47,948) Johann Fichte, German philosophical
writer, died (born 19/5/1762).
25/1/1814, Tuesday (-47,950)
Alexander Ewing, Scottish religious writer, was born (died 22/5/1873).
24/1/1814, Monday (-47,951) (South Africa)
John Colenso, Bishop of Natal, was born (died 20/6/1883).
17/1/1814. Monday (-47,958) Murat defected from Napoleon�s
rule, and the French domination of Italy was at risk.
14/1/1814, Friday (-47,961) (1) Britain made peace with Denmark, restoring all
territories except Heligoland.� The King
of Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden.
(2) The last frost fair was held on the Thames at London.
10/1/1814, Monday (-49,966) Aubrey de Vere, Irish poet, was born (died
20/1/1902).
5/1/1814, Wednesday (-49,970) Sir John Burke, British genealogical
writer, author of Burke�s Peerage,
was born (died 12/12/1892).
2/1/1814, Sunday (-49,973) (USA)
John Brodhead, US historical scholar, was born (died 6/5/1873)
1/1/1814, Saturday (-49,974) (1) (Venezuela)
Simon Bolivar became President of Venezuela.
=====================================================================================
�(2) The first
Welsh-language newspaper, the Seren Gomer,
was published.
31/12/1813. Friday (-47,975)
Prussian forces under Blucher crossed the Rhine
frontier into France, pursuing retreating French forces.
30/12/1813, Thursday (-47,976)
Danzig surrendered to the Allies, who then threatened to invade France if
Napoleon did not come to terms.
29/12/1813, Wednesday (-47,977)
Alexander Parkes, the chemist who invented celluloid, was born in Birmingham.
26/12/1813, Sunday (-47,980) Modlin and Torgau captured by the Allies
22/12/1813, Wednesday (-47,984)
Jean Courcelle-Seneuil, French economics writer, was born (died 29/6/1892).
21/12/1813, Tuesday (-47,985)
Ernst Lange, German novelist, was born (died 20/2/1899).
19/12/1813, Sunday (-47,987) (Chemistry)
Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist, was born in Belfast (died 26/11/1885).
10/12/1813, Friday (-47,996)
Zachariah Chandler, US politician, was born (died 1/11/1879).
9/12/1813, Thursday (-47,997)
The Macquirie River in Australia was discovered by the explorer George Evans.
8/12/1813, Wednesday (-47,998)
Beethoven�s 7th symphony in A premiered in Vienna
5/12/1813, Sunday (-48,001)
Lubeck surrendered to the Allies.
2/12/1813, Thursday (-48,003) Matthias Castren, Finnish scholarly
writer, was born (died 7/5/1853).
=====================================================================================
30/11/1813, Tuesday (-48,006) (Arts)
Louise Ackermann, French poet (died in Nice, 2/8/1890) was born in Paris.
29/11/1813, Monday (-48,007)
Franz von Milklosich, Austrian scholarly writer, was born (died 7/3/1891).
28/11/1813, Sunday (-48,008) Carel
Cobet, Dutch scholarly writer, was born (died 26/10/1889).
21/11/1813, Sunday (-48,015) Stettin surrendered to the Allies
17/11/1813, Wednesday (-48,019) Louis
Narbonne-Lara, French statesman, died (born 24/8/1755).
16/11/1813, Tuesday (-48,020) A British naval blockade,
under Admiral Warren, began blockading US ports.
15/11/1813. Monday (-48,021) The
Dutch rebelled and expelled their French rulers.
14/11/1813, Sunday (-48,022) Antonio
de Capmany y Montpalau, Spanish author (born 24/11/1742) died.
13/11/1813, Saturday (-48,023)
11/11/1813, Thursday (-48,025)
Dresden surrendered to the Allies.
10/11/1813, Wednesday (-48,026)
Wellington crossed the frontier into France in pursuit of Marshal Soult.
9/11/1813, Tuesday (-48,027) In
the USA, General Andrew Jackson defeated Cree Indians at Taledega in a
retaliatory attack following a Cree attack in August 1813 in which 500 White
settlers were massacred.
6/11/1813. Saturday (-48,030) Jose Maria Morelos proclaimed Mexican independence from Spain at the
Congress of Chilpancingo.
3/11/1813, Wednesday (-48,033) Samuel Birch, Egyptologist, was born in
Woolwich, London (died 27/12/1885).
===================================================================================
31/10/1813, Sunday (-48,036) Spanish forces took Pamplona in Navarre.
29/10/1813, Friday (-48,038)
William Benjamin Carpenter, English naturalist, was born (died 19/11/1885).
28/10/1813. Thursday (-48,039)
British troops occupied Ragusa (Dubrovnik).
24/10/1813, Sunday (or 12/10) (-48,043)
The Treaty of Gulistan was signed between Persia and Russia. Persia ceded
territory to Russia, and recognised Russia as having sole right of navigation
on the Caspian Sea. Russia was also granted a say in the succession of the
Qajars.
20/10/1813, Wednesday (-48,047)
George Cotton, English educationalist, was born (died 6/10/1866).
19/10/1813, Tuesday (-48,048)
Jozef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince, died.
18/10/1813. Monday (-48,049)
(France-Germany)
Napoleon was defeated at Leipzig, Saxony, by the Prussians, Swedes, and
Austrians.� The French lost
Germany. Casualties totalled 110,000. See 31/12/1813.
10/10/1813. Sunday (-48,057) Italian composer Guiseppe Verdi was
born in Le Roncole, near Busseto, the son of an innkeeper.
8/10/1813. Friday (-48,059)
Having liberated Spain from the French,
British troops under Wellington invaded southern France.
7/10/1813, Thursday (-48,060) (Geology)
Mineralogist Peter Jacob Hjelm died in Stockholm, Sweden.
3/10/1813, Sunday
(-48,064) Clement Garnier, French economist, was born (died 25/9/1881).
1/10/1813, Friday
(-48,066) Following the explosion at Brandling Main colliery (15/5/1812)
the Sunderland Society was formed, to promote mine safety.
=====================================================================================
24/9/1813, Friday (-48,073)
Andre Gretry, French composer, died (born 8/2/1741).
19/9/1813, Sunday (-48,078) Nikolaus
Delius, German literary critic, was born (died 1888).
16/9/1813, Thursday (-48,081) (Tea)
Robert Fortune, who helped develop the Indian tea industry, was born (died 13/4/1880)
15/9/1813, Wednesday (-48,082)
James mozley, English religious writer, was born (born 4/21/1878).
13/9/1813, Monday (-48,084)
Jozsef �Eotvos, Hungarian writer, was
born (died 2/2/1871).
10/9/1813. �Friday (-48,087) The British fleet on Lake Erie was
destroyed by American warships.
9/9/1813, Thursday (-48,088)
Henry Reeve, English publicist, was born (died 21/10.1895).
8/9/1813, Wednesday (-48,089)
7/9/1813, Tuesday (-48,090) The term �Uncle Sam� was
coined by a newspaper in Troy, New York, to describe the United States.
6/9/1813. Monday (-48,091)
While trying to take Berlin, Napoleon�s
forces under Marshall Ney were defeated by the Prussians under Bulow, at
Dennewitz.
2/9/1813, Thursday (-48,095) Jean Moreau, French General, died (born
14/2/1763).
===================================================================================
30/8/1813, Monday (-48,098) A band of Creek Indians, the Red Sticks,
wanted to avenge a recent ambush of them by White settlers, also to recover
Creek lands taken by the settlers. This day the Red Sticks under Chief Red
Eagle (William Weatherford, died 1824) made s surprise raid on Fort Mims, at
the confluence of the Alabama and Tombighee Rivers, and massacred some 500
Whites. This provoked a campaign by US militia,men to crush the Creek nation.
27/8/1813, Friday (-48,101)
Battle of Dresden, the last major victory of Napoleon.
26/8/1813, Thursday (-48,102)
Napoleon defeated by General Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher at the Battle of
Katzbach (Kaczawa) in Prussia
23/8/1813, Monday (-48,105) Von Bulow defeated the French at
Grossbeeren, saving Berlin from French occupation.
21/8/1813, Saturday (-48,107)
The Archway cutting under Hornsey Lane opened, see 13/4/1812. Tolls for the
cutting were �not exceeding� 6d per horse and carriage, 3d for a horse or mule
not drawing a carriage, and 1d for a pedestrian. Tolls ceased in 1871.
12/8/1813, Thursday (-48,116) Austria declared war on
France.� England was giving financial
support to Spain, and the Spaniards together with English troops were advancing
from the south against France.� Napoleon was therefore now fighting almost
the whole of Europe.
6/8/1813, Friday (-48,122)
Simon Bolivar marched into
Caracas, Venezuela.
5/8/1813, Thursday (-48,123) Ivar
Aaasen, Norwegian philosopher, was born in Sondmore (died in Christiania,
23/9/1896).
1/8/1813, Sunday (-48,127) (Christian-Missionary)
Evariste Huc, French missionary to China, was born (died 31/3/1860).
======================================================================================
29/7/1813, Thursday (-48,130) Andoche Junot, French General, died (born
23/10/1771).
24/7/1813, Saturday (-48,135) (Britain)
Edward Cardwell, English politician, was born (died 15/2/1886).
23/7/1813, Friday (-48,136)
Sylvester Judd, US religious writer, was born (died 26/1/1853).
18/7/1813, Sunday (-48,141) (Britain)
Charles Badham, English scholar, was born in Ludlow, Shropshire (died 26/2/1884
in Sydney, Australia).
12/7/1813, Monday (-48,147) (Biology)
Claude Bernard, French physiologist, was born near Villefranche (died in Paris
10/2/1878).
10/7/1813, Saturday (-48,.149) Sir Arthur Helps, British writer, was born
(died 7/3/1875).
1/7/1813, Thursday (-48,158) (1)
The East India Company lost its monopoly of trade with India.
(2) The Ellesmere and Chester Canals were merged under
one company, the Ellesmere and Chester Canal Company.
======================================================================================
24/6/1813, Thursday (-48,165) (USA)
Henry Beecher, US preacher, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut (died in
Brooklyn 8/3/1887).
21/6/1813, Monday (-48,168) (France-Germany,
Spain)
Victory of Wellington at Vitoria in the
Peninsular War. Spain was lost by
the French. Napoleon had deposed the Spanish monarch and replaced him with
his own brother, Joseph. However this act provoked major Spanish popular
resistance against France and led to Napoleon�s defeat there.
20/6/1813, Sunday (-48,169) Joseph
Autran, French poet, was born in Marseilles (died in Marseilles 6/3/1877).
18/6/1813, Friday (-48,171)
16/6/1813, Wednesday (-48,173)
Otto Jahn, German historical writer, was born (died 9/9/1869).
15/6/1813, Tuesday (-48,174) Britain formed a new alliance
with Prussia and Russia against Napoleon.
12/6/1813, Saturday (-48,177) Napoleon pulled out of Madrid.
10/6/1813, Thursday (-48,179) The Duke of Wellington made a second attack
on the French in Burgos, this time taking the city in two days.
1/6/1813, Tuesday (-48,188) (USA) The British frigate Shannon, under
Captain Broke, captured the US frigate Chesapeake under Captain Lawrence, who died
in the engagement.
======================================================================================
30/5/1813, Sunday (-48,190) The French took Hamburg.
23/5/1813, Sunday (-48,197) Geraud
Duroc, French General, died (born 25/10/1772).
22/5/1813, Saturday (-48,198)
(1) Napoleon I defeated an allied army of
Russians and Prussians at Bautzen,
Saxony.
(2) Richard Wagner, German operatic composer, was born in
Leipzig.
21/5/1813, Friday (-48,199)
Robert McCheyne, Scotish religious writer, was born (died 25/3/1843).
5/5/1813, Wednesday (-48,215) Soren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher,
was born (died 11/11/1855).
2/5/1813, Sunday (-48,218) Napoleon defeated a combined Russian and Prussian army at Grossgorchen,
near Lutzen.
1/5/1813, Saturday (-48,219) Jacques
Delille, French poet, died (born 22/6/1738).
======================================================================================
23/4/1813, Friday (-48,227) Stephen Douglas, US statesman, was born
(died 3/6/1861).
19/4/1813, Monday (-48,231) (Medical)
Physician Benjamin Rush died in Philadelphia, USA.
18/4/1813, Sunday (-48,232)
Easter Sunday
13/4/1813, Tuesday
(-48,237) Duncan Gregory, mathematics writer, was born (died 23/2/1844).
11/4/1813, Sunday
(-48,239) Eugene Havet, French scholarly writer, was born (died 21/12/1889).
10/4/1813, Saturday
(-48,240) Joseph Lagrange, mathematician, died (born 25/1/1736)
=====================================================================================
25/3/1813, Thursday
(-48,256) Mikhail Kutusov, Russian Field Marshal, died (born 16/9/1745).
19/3/1813, Friday (-48,262)
Explorer and missionary David
Livingstone, first White man to see the Victoria Falls, was born at 9 Shuttle
Row, Blantyre, East Kilbride, Scotland.
18/3/1813, Thursday (-48,263)
Russian troops reached Hamburg, and on 27/3/1813 they occupied Dresden, capital
of Saxony.
15/3/1813, Monday (-48,266)
Dr John Snow, pioneer bacteriologist, was born.
13/3/1813, Saturday (-48,268) Prussia declared war on France, but
was defeated at Lutzen and Bautzen.
11/3/1813, Thursday (-48,270) William Lloyd, English writer, was born
(died 22/12/1893).
8/3/1813, Monday (-48,273) The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, London,
gave its first concert.
4/3/1813, Thursday (-48,277)
The Russians reached Berlin, which surrendered without a fight.
3/3/1813, Wednesday (-48,278)
Britain agreed with Sweden that it would not oppose a union of Sweden and
Norway.
2/3/1813, Tuesday (-48,279) Sir
Georhge MacFarren, English composer, was born (died 31/10/1887).
====================================================================================
28/2/1813, Sunday (-48,281) The Alliance of Kalisch, basis of the Fourth
Coalition, was formed, between Prussia and Russia against France.
26/2/1813, Friday (-48,283) Robert Livingston, US statesman, died (born
27/11/1746).
24/2/1813, Wednesday (-48,285)
The British warship Peacock was sunk off Guyana by the USA.
23/2/1813, Tuesday (-48,286)
Franz Delitzsch, German religious writer, was born (died 4/3/1890).
20/2/1813, Saturday (-48,289) (Maritime)
Edward Berthon, English naval inventor, was born in London (died 27/10/1899).
12/2/1813, Friday (-48,297)
Thomas William Allies, English historical writer, was born in Midsomer Norton,
near Bristol (died 17/6/1903 in London).
11/2/1813, Thursday (-48,298) (Britain)
George Grenville, First Marquess of Bath, died (born 17/6/1753).
3/2/1813, Wednesday (-48,306) At Breslau, Frederick William III of
Prussia called for all Prussians to mobilise against the French.
====================================================================================
31/1/1813, Sunday (-48,309) Agostino
Depretis, Italian politician, was born (died 29/7/1887).
30/1/1813, Saturday (-48,310) George
Gilfillan, Scottish author, was born (died 13/8/1878).
28/1/1813, Thursday
(-48,312) Jane Austin�s book, Pride and
Prejudice, first appeared in Birtish bookshops, priced at 18 shillings
(90p) for 3 volumes. Sales were initially slow but then grew. She began writing
the work in 1796, originally calling it First
Impressions.
26/1/1813, Tuesday (-48,314)
22/1/1813, Friday (-48,318)
British forces defeated the Americans who were planning an attack on Fort
Detroit.
21/1/1813, Thursday (-45,320)
John Fremont, explorer of the US Midwest, was born (died 13/7/1890).
19/1/1813, Tuesday (-48,321) Sir Henry Bessemer, inventor of the
blast furnace for converting cast iron to steel, was born at Charlton,
Hertfordshire.
17/1/1813, Sunday (-48,325) Charles,
2nd Earl of Middleton, died.
16/1/1813, Saturday (-48,324) (France)
Georges Darboy, Bishop of Paris, was born (died 17/5/1871).
15/1/1813, Friday (-48,325) (France)
Francois Grevy, French President 1879-87, was born (died 9/9/1891)
11/1/1813, Monday (-48,329) France called up 250,000 men who had become
liable, by age, for military service.
4/1/1813, Monday (-48,336) Isaac Pitman, who invented phonetic
shorthand, was born in Trowbridge, Wiltshire.
==================================================================================
26/12/1812, Saturday (-48,345) A severe earthquake hit Barquismeto,
a city in western Venezuela.
24/12/1812, Thursday (-48,347) Joel Barlow, US poet, died in Poland (born
in Redding, Connecticut 24/3/1754)
22/12/1812, Tuesday (-48,349) Pierre Larcher, French archeological
writer, died (born 12/10/1726).
20/12/1812, Sunday (-48,351) The retreating remains of Napoleon�s Russian invasion force reached
eastern Prussia.
14/12/1812, Monday (-48,357) (India)
Charles Canning, British Governor-General of India during the mutiny of 1857,
was born (died 17/6/1862).
12/12/1812, Saturday (-48,359) John MacDonald, Canadian statesman, was
born (died 1/6/1872).
6/12/1812, Sunday (-48,365) Hezekiah Bateman, US actor, was born in
Baltimore, Maryland (died 2/3/1875).
3/12/1812, Thursday (-48,368) Hendrik Conscience, Flemish writer, was
born (died 10/9/1883).
==================================================================================
28/11/1812, Saturday (-48,373) George
Curtis, US lawyer, was born (died 28/3/1894).
27/11/1812, Friday (-48,374)
Roundell Palmer, Earl of Selborne, Britain, was born.
26/11/1812, Thursday
(-48,375) The Battle of Berezina.
The Russians won; French plans to over-winter at Smolensk had been thwarted.
23/11/1812, Monday (-48,378) Demoralised by a tactical error,
which saw two columns of USA forces attacking each other, the USA withdrew its
forces south from Canada for the winter.
19/11/1812, Thursday (-48,382)
Agostino Bertani, Italian revolutionary, was born in Milan (died 30/4/1886).
18/11/1812, Wednesday (-48,383) Russian forces closing in on
the retreating French in western Russia won the Battle of Polotsk.
16/11/1812, Monday (-48,385)
French troops retreating from Moscow successfully broke through a Russian
roadblock at Krasnoi.
9/11/1812, Monday (-48,392) One of the worst winters on record in northern Europe began, severely
affecting Napoleon�s troops as they retreated from Moscow (see
14/9/1812). Napoleon�s army endured temperatures as low as �37 C for 27
consecutive days.� On 9/12/1812
Napoleon�s troops reached the undefended city of Vilnius; some 35,000 French
troops died during the last four days of the march westwards to Vilnius.� Napoleon
had already fled Vilnius on 5/12/1812, and returned to Paris, abandoning
his army to the Russians. On 10/12/1812 the Russians reached Vilnius and vented
their fury on Napoleon�s army.� Most of
the French had already died of cold, hunger, and disease by the time the Tsar
entered Vilnius on 22/12/1812.
4/11/1812, Wednesday (-48,397)
Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet, was born at Verona (died 17/7/1878).
3/11/1812, Tuesday (-48,398) French troops retreating from
Moscow successfully broke through a Russian roadblock at Vyazama.
2/11/1812. Monday (-48,399)
Napoleon�s forces re-occupied
Madrid after a British force failed to capture Burgos, which they laid siege to
in September 1812.
===================================================================================
29/10/1812, Thursday (-48,403)
25/10/1812, Sunday (-48,407) (USA) The USS
President captured the British ship HMS Macedonian in a battle west of the
Canary Islands.
24/10/1812, Saturday (-48,408) (France-Germany,
Russia)
Battle of Maloyaroslavets. The
French had planned a retreat from Moscow through undamaged terrain, white they
might gather sustenance. However the Russians positioned artillery to cover the
bridges over the River Luzha, which the French had to cross to achieve this
planned retreat. After a series of fierce battles, the French did capture the
town, but the Russian artillery still commanded the bridges. The French now had
no choice but to attempt a retreat through the devastated terrain they had previously
advanced through.
23/10/1812, Friday (-48,409)
An anti-Napoleonic faction in Paris attempted a coup, believing Napoleon to
have died in Russia.
22/10/1812, Thursday (-48,410) First attempt by the Duke of Wellington
to capture Burgos, Spain (Pensinsular War) went badly. He began the siege on
19/9/1812, but 2,000 of his troops were killed, against 600 French. The siege was
lifted this day.
21/10/1812, Wednesday (-48,411) Otto von Camphausen, Prussian statesman
(died 18/5/1896) was born.
20/10/1812, Tuesday (-48,412) Austin Flint, heart research pioneer, was
born.
19/10/1812, Monday (-48,413) Napoleon�s forces began their retreat from Moscow.
18/10/1812, Sunday (-48,414)
Russian forces defeated the French at the Battle of Tarutino, south of Moscow.
17/10/1812, Saturday (-48,415) (USA) Naval
battle between the Wasp and the Frolic
16/10/1812. Friday (-48,416) British forces defeated the US army
at Queenstown, near the Niagara Falls. The Americans were attempting to cross
into Canada to eliminate it from the war with Britain.
13/10/1812, Tuesday (-48,419) (Britain)
Sir Isaac Brock, British soldier and administrator, died at the Battle of
Queenston Heights, North America (born 6/120/1769).
10/10/1812, Saturday (-48,422) Janos Garay, Hungarian poet, was born (died
5/11/1853).
6/10/1812, Tuesday (-48,426) Henry Martyn, English missionary to India,
died (born 18/2/1781).
=================================================================================
25/9/1812, Friday (-48,437) Friedrich Biedermann, German writer, was
born in Leipzig (died in Leipzig 5/3/1901).
23/9/1812, Wednesday (-48,439) Lady Georgiana Fullerton, English
novelist, was born (died 19/1/1885).
16/9/1812, Wednesday (-48,446) French troops in Moscow destroyed
what the Russian had left.
14/9/1812. Monday (-48,448)
Napoleon entered Moscow, which had been abandoned and burned by the Russians
in their scorched earth policy.� This
denied Napoleon�s army much-needed winter quarters. Winter was approaching (see 9/11/1812) and Napoleon was forced to retreat. Napoleon failed to persuade Czar Alexander to come to terms, and
his army began to leave Moscow to return to France on 19/10/1812.
12/9/1812, Saturday (-48,450) Richard Hoe, inventor of an improved
printing press, was born (died 7/6/1886).
10/9/1812, Thursday (-48,452)
At the Battle of Lake Erie, US ships defeated a British naval force.
7/9/1812. Monday (-48,455) (France-Germany,
Russia)
Napoleon�s forces marching to Moscow defeated the Russians under
Kutzov at the Battle of Borodino, 70 miles west of the
city. Each side lost some 40,000 men.
==================================================================================
31/8/1812, Monday (-48,462) (Medical)
John Bennett, English physician, was born in London (died 1875).
22/8/1812, Saturday (-48,471) Swiss explorer and archaeologist John Lewis
Burckhardt rediscovered Petra (in modern Jordan) ancient capital of the
Nabatean Arabs.
19/8/1812, Wednesday (-48,474) The
British frigate Guerriere was
destroyed by the USS Constitution.
18/8/1812, Tuesday (-48,475)
Napoleon�s forces entered Smolensk.