Chronography of events from 1 January 1770 to 31 December 1799
Page last modified 26/6/2021
(-9,999) = Day count to end of World
War Two in Europe (day zero� =Tuesday). Easter Sundays derived from https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/easter_text2b.htm
For dates from 1/1/1800 click here
1/1/1800, Wednesday (-53,087)
The Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland became operative. The
new state was to be called the United Kingdom. The Church was to be one
Protestant Episcopal Church.
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31/12/1799, Tuesday (-53,088) Jean
Marmontel, French writer, died (born 11/7/1723).
30/12/1799, Monday (-53,089) John
Moultrie, English poet, was born (died 26/12/1874).
27/12/1799, Friday (-53,092) Calderon Estebanez, Spanish author, was
born (died 5/2/1867).
24/12/1799, Tuesday
(-53,095) In France, a public
referendum led to the end of the French Revolution and the founding of the
First Republic..
21/12/1799, Saturday
(-53,098) George Finlay, British historical writer, was born (died 26/1/1875).
18/12/1799, Wednesday
(-53,101) Jean Montucla, French mathematician, died (born 5/9/1725).
15/12/1799. Sunday (-53,104) France
declared a new constitution.
14/12/1799. Saturday (-53,105) George Washington, 1st president of the USA from 1789
to 1797, died in Mount Vernon, on the south bank of the Potomac in Virginia,
aged 67. See 30/4/1789.
6/12/1799, Friday (-53,113) Joseph Black, Scottish chemist, died in
Edinburgh (born 1728 in Bordeaux).
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29/11/1799, Friday (-53,120) (Arts)
Amos Bronson Alcott, US writer, was born in Wolcott, Connecticut (died 4/3/1888
in Boston).
9/11/1799, Saturday (-53,140) After
a coup, Corsican General Napoleon
Bonaparte was appointed Consul, with Sieyes and Ducis. He made his name at the
defeat of the British fleet at the revolt of Toulon, 1793.
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11/10/1799, Friday (-53,169) Joseph Gillott, English pan maker, was born
(died 5/1/1873).
9/10/1799, Wednesday (-53,171)
Napoleon returned to France.
7/10/1799, Monday (-53,173) The bell was salvaged from
the Lutine, which sank off the island of Vlieland, off the coast of
Holland. It was presented to Lloyds of London. Known as the Lutine Bell, it has been rung ever
since to mark a marine disaster.
6/10/1799, Sunday (-53,174) (Medical)
Physician William Withering died in Birmingham, England.
4/10/1799, Friday (-53,176)
2/10/1799, Wednesday (-53,178) The Duke of York captured
Alkmaar, in the Netherlands.
1/10/1799, Tuesday (-53,179)
Rufus Choate, US lawyer, was born (died 13/7/1859).
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28/9/1799, Saturday (-53,182) (Medical)
Pierre Brasdor, French surgeon, died (born 1721).
25/9/1799, Wednesday (-53,185)
Napoleon gained victory at
Zurich.
18/9/1799, Wednesday (-53,192)
Napoleon gained victory at
Alkmaar, Holland.
2/9/1799, Monday (-53,208) Henry Boase, English geologist, was born in
London (died5/5/1883).
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29/8/1799, Thursday (-53,212)
Pope Pius VI died.
23/8/1799, Friday (-53,218) Leaving
the French Army under Kleber, Napoleon
left to return to France.
20/8/1799, Tuesday (-53,221) Heinrich Gagern, German politician, was
born (died 22/5/1880).
15/8/1799, Thursday (-53,226) Napoleon was defeated at Novi.
11/8/1799, Sunday (-53,230) (Geology)
Joachim Barrande, Austrian geologist, was born in Saugues, Haute Loire (died in
Frohsdorf 5/10/1883).
9/8/1799, Friday (-52,232) George James, English novelist, was born
(died 9/6/1860).
6/8/1799, Tuesday (-53,235)
Mark Bloch, German� naturalist, died in
Carlsbad.
5/8/1799, Monday (-53,236) Jean
Colson, French actor, died (born 16/1/1725).
4/8/1799, Sunday (-53,237) John
Bacon, sculptor, died in London (born 24/11/1740 in Southwark),
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25/7/1799, Thursday (-53,247)
Napoleon gained victory over the
Turks at Aboukir.
19/7/1799, Friday (-53,253) The Rosetta Stone was
found near the town of Rosetta on the Nile, bearing Greek,
Hieroglyphic, and Demotic (ancient Egyptian) scripts.
12/7/1799, Friday (-53,260) Britain
passed the Combination Acts,
outlawing any association of two or more people for the purpose of obtaining
wage increases or better conditions at work. The Act was prompted by fears of
revolution after France. However in
1802 Parliament banned child apprentices from working more than a 12 hour day.
Many pauper children from London were being sent to textile factories in the
north of England to work long hours. Sir Robert Peel, the Bill�s proposer,
objected that this practice allowed exploitation of children, far from their
parents.
9/7/1799, Tuesday (-53,263) William Mure, Scottish scholarly writer,
was born (died 1/4/1860).
1/7/1799, Monday (-53,271) Sir
James Eyre, English Judge, died (born 1734).
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30/6/1799, Sunday (-53,272) (Italy) Francesco Caracciolo, Neapolitan Admiral and
revolutionary, died (born 18/1/1732).
19/6/1799, Wednesday (-53,283) Jan Dombrowski, Polish General, died
(born 29/8/1755).
7/6/1799, Friday (-53,295)
Battle of Zurich. Napoleon defeated a Russian army.
6/6/1799, Thursday (-53,296) Alexander Pushkin, Russian
writer, was born (26/5/1799 Russian calendar).
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31/5/1799, Friday (-53,302) Pierre Lemonnier, French astronomer, died (born
23/11/1715).
29/5/1799, Wednesday (-53,304) August Kopisch, German poet, was born
(died 3/2/1853).
27/5/1799, Monday (-53,306) George Doane, US religious writer, was born
(died 27/4/1859).
23/5/1799, Thursday (-53,310) Thomas Hood, English writer, was born
(died 3/5/1845).
20/5/1799, Monday (-53,313) Honore
de Balzac born.
18/5/1799, Saturday (-53,315) Pierre Beaumarchais, French dramatist, died
in Paris (born in Paris 24/1/1732).
10/5/1799, Friday (-53,323) Napoleon withdrew from attacking Acre
after an 8th unsuccessful assault.
4/5/1799, Saturday (-53,329)
The British conquered Seringapatam, capital of Mysore in southern India.
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18/4/1799, Thursday (-53,345) John Mason, US politician, was born
(died� 3/10/1859).
6/4/1799, Saturday (-53,357) Aleksander Bezborodko, Grand Chancellor of
Russia, died in St Petersburg (born in Gluchova 14/3/1747).
2/4/1799, Tuesday (-53,361) Francis Mason, US missionary to the Karens
in Myanmar from 1830, was born (died 3/3/1874).
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29/3/1799, Friday (-53,365) Edward Stanley, 14th Earl of
Derby, was born (died 23/10/1869).
24/3/1799, Sunday (-53,370) Easter Sunday
22/3/1799, Friday (-53,372) (Astronomy)
Friedrich Argelander, German astronomer, was born in Memel (died 17/2/1875 in
Bonn).
20/3/1799, Wednesday (-53,374)
Thomas Key, English scholarly writer, was born (died 29/11/1875).
19/3/1799, Tuesday (-53,375)
Heinrich Leo, German historical writer, was born (died 24/4/1878).
17/3/1799, Sunday (-53,377) Juan Forner, Spanish writer, died (born
23/2/1756).
8/3/1799, Friday (-53,386) (USA) Simon
Cameron, US politician, was born (died 26/6/1889).
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28/2/1799, Thursday (-53,394) Johann Dollinger, German religious
writer, was born (died 14/1/1890).
20/2/1799, Wednesday (-55,402) Jean Borda, French mathematician, died
in Paris (born in Dax 4/5/1733).
9/2/1799, Saturday (-53,413) (1) The US navy clashed with French forces.
(2) �Britain,
assisted by Portugal and the Maltese rebels, took control of Malta� Captain Ball of the Royal Navy became the
first British Goivernor.
5/2/1799, Tuesday (-53,417) John Lindley, botanical writer, was born
(died 1/11/1865)
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26/1/1799, Saturday (-53,427) (Christian) Samuel Gobat, Bishop of
Jerusalem, was born (died 11/5/1879).
22/1/1799, Tuesday (-53,431) (Geology)
Horace Benedict de Saussure, geologist, died in Geneva, Switzerland.
21/1/1799. Monday (-53,432) Edward Jenner introduced the
smallpox vaccination. In the 18th century, smallpox took over from the
bubonic plague as the major killer disease. Edward Jenner worked as a doctor in
Berkeley, Gloucestershire. By observing local milkmaids, Jenner tested the
generally held belief that cowpox sufferers were immune to smallpox. In 1796 he
experimented by scraping pus from a cowpox sore on the arm of a milkmaid and
inserting it into two cuts on the arm of a young boy. On 1/7/1796 he did the
same with pus from a smallpox sore. The boy caught cowpox but not smallpox.
After doing this to 23 other people, Jenner called this method �vaccination�,
meaning �from a cow�. Jenner published his findings in 1798 and despite
scepticism from doctors, vaccination became widely accepted. Even members of
the Royal Family were vaccinated. Vaccination became free for all infants in
1840 and compulsory in Britain in 1853. In
1980 the World Health Organisation declared smallpox had been eradicated
throughout the world.
9/1/1799. Wednesday (-53,444)
Income tax introduced to Britain
for the first time, by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger, at 2 shillings
in the pound for incomes over �200 per annum, and a reduced rate for incomes
between �60 and �200. The tax was to pay for the Napoleonic War. In Florence in
1451 an income tax, the Catastrato, had been implemented but degenerated into a
means of political blackmail and was repealed upon the overthrow of the Medicis
in 1492. The income tax in Britain was repealed in 1802 after the Peace of
Amiens, but reimposed in 1803, repealed in 1816, and reintroduced in 1842 in
peacetime at 7d in the �. Since then the rate in the UK has varied between 2d
in the � in 1875 and 10s in the � in 1941.
6/1/1799, Sunday (-53,447) Nicolas Geruzez, French writer, was born
(died 29/5/1865)
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30/12/1798, Sunday (-53,454) Anne
Montesquiou, French writer, died.
29/12/1798, Saturday (-53,455) Formation of the Second
Coalition against France; Britain, Austria, Russia, Naples and Portugal.
28/12/1798, Friday (-53,456) (Astronomy)
Thomas Henderson was born in Dundee, Scotland. In 1839 he measured the parallax
of Alpha-Centauri, making it the second star after the Sun whose distance is
known.
24/12/1798, Monday (-53,460) William Clarke, cricketer, was born (died
25/8/1856).
13/12/1798, Thursday (-53,471) James Henry, Irish scholarly writer, was
born (died 14/7/1876).
4/12/1798, Tuesday (-53,480)
(1) Luigi Galvani, Italian scientist who researched
animal electricity, died.
(2) Income tax
was proposed to the UK Parliament by William Pitt the Younger. See 9/1/1799.
2/12/1798, Sunday (-53,482) Sir
William Follett, English lawyer, was born (died 28/6/1845).
1/12/1798, Saturday (-53,483) (USA)
Albert Barnes, US theologian, was born in Rome, New York State (died in
Philadelphia 24/12/1870).
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21/11/1798, Wednesday (-53,493) Jerome Blanqui, French economist, was
born in Nice (died 1854).
19/11/1798, Monday (-53,495) Caesar Hawkins, British surgeon, was born
(died 20/7/1884).
17/11/1798, Saturday (-53,497)
Irish nationalist leader Wolfe Tone committed suicide whilst in jail awaiting
execution.
8/11/1798, Thursday (-35,506) Victor Chasles, French writer, was born
(died 18/7/1873).
3/11/1798, Saturday (-35,511) James Mason, US policiticn, was born (died
28/4/1871).
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8/10/1798, Monday (-35,537) Felix Neff, Swiss Protestant divine, was
born.
2/10/1798, Tuesday (-35,543) (Italy) Albert
Charles, King of Sardinia, was born (died 28/7/1849).
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28/9/1798, Friday (-53,547) Giovanni Genelli, German painter, was born
(died 13/11/1868).
25/9/1798, Tuesday (-53,550) Jean Elie de Beaumont, geologist, was born
(died 21/9/1874).
11/9/1798, Tuesday (-53,564) Franz Neumann, scientific writer, was born
(died 23/5/1895).
9/9/1798, Sunday (-53,566) The
Ottoman Empire declared war on France because of its occupation of Egypt.
2/9/1798, Sunday (-53,573) Rebellion by the Maltese against French occupation,
sparked by a French attempt to seize Church assets. The Maltese mounted an
adept guerrilla campaign, which was to assist the British conquest of Malta.
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30/8/1798, Thursday (-53,576) Pauline Dejazet, French actress, was born
(died 1/12/1875).
25/8/1798, Saturday (-53,581) Henrik Hertz, Danish poet, was born (died
25/2/1870).
21/8/1798, Tuesday (-53,585) Jules Michelet, French historical writer,
was born (died 9/2/1874).
6/8/1798, Monday (-53,600) Unaware
that the Irish rebels had been defeated, a French force set sail to help them
against the British. On 15/9/1798 the French in Ireland surrendered to General
Cornwallis at Ballymuck.
1/8/1798, Wednesday (-53,605) At the Battle of the Nile,
at Aboukir Bay, Admiral Nelson, on the ship Vanguard, destroyed 11 out
of 13 French battleships which were the convoy that took Napoleon to Egypt.� The French commander was Brueys, aboard the
ship L�Orient.� The crew were
mostly ashore getting water, leaving no one to man the 120 French guns. This effectively trapped the French Army in
Egypt.� Five French ships with 5,000
men were sunk, 2 ships were captured, and 2 ships managed to escape from
Nelson.� On 10/2/1799 Napoleon left Egypt
for Syria, occupying Gaza on 24/2/1799. On 7/3/1799 Napoleon captured Jaffa,
where his soldiers massacred over 2,0000 Albanian prisoners. On 17/5/1799
Napoleon lifted the siege of Acre after failing to capture it.
===================================================================================
24/7/1798, Tuesday (-53,613)
John Dix, US politician, was born (died 21/4/1879).
23/7/1798,
Monday (-53,614)
An uprising by the people of Cairo against the French occupiers was brutally
repressed on 22/10/1798. The French captured Suez on 7/12/1798. However a British expeditionary force arrived in
Egypt on 6/3/1801. The battle of Alexandria was fought on 11/3/1801, just
outside the actual town. After this British victory the British advanced on the
town which surrendered on 31/8. See 11/6/1882.
21/7/1798, Saturday (-53,616) (Egypt,
France)
At the Battle of the Pyramids,
Napoleon, soon after his invasion of Egypt, defeated an army of some 60,000 Mamelukes.
Napoleon now intended to establish a French base in Egypt from where he could
harass British-India sea traffic. He could also attack the Ottoman Empire form
here via Syria. He sought to assure the ulema,
the Egyptian intelligentsia, that he was no modern Crusader but had come to
empower them and facilitate Egyptian self-rule independent of the Ottomans.
However the Egyptians were not yet ready for such self-determination, and
failed to follow the French initiatives.
16/7/1798, Monday (-53,621) Alexander Gorchakov, Russian statesman, was
born (died 11/3/1883).
10/7/1798, Tuesday (-53,627) (Belize)
A Spanish invasion force was met with determined resistance by the British, who
had fortified an island called St George�s Cay. The Spanish were compelled to
withdraw to Campeachy, and did not attempt any further incursions.
2/7/1798. Monday (-53,635) The French invaded Egypt, see
31/8/1801.
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30/6/1798, Saturday (-53,637)
Alexander Dyce, English historical writer, was born (died 15/5/1869).
29/6/1798, Friday (-53,638) Willibald
Alexis, novelist (died 16/12/1871 in Arnstadt, Thuringia) was born in Breslau.
26/6/1798, Tuesday (-53,641)
21/6/1798, Thursday (-53,646) Over 15,000 British troops
attacked Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar
Hill, near Enniscorthy, County Wexford.
20/6/1798, Wednesday (-53,647) Jeremy
Belknap, US author, died in Boston (born in Boston 4/6/1744).
13/6/1798, Wednesday (-53,654) (Germany)
Johann Baehr, German scholar, was born in Darmstadt (died in Heidelberg,
29/11/1872).
11/6/1798. Monday (-53,656) Malta surrendered to Napoleon Bonaparte. On 2/9/1798 the Maltese
revolted against French occupation, forcing the French troops to take refuge in
the citadel of Valetta.
10/6/1798, Sunday (-53,657) Francis
Hawks, US religious writer, was born (died 26/9/1866)
7/6/1798, Thursday (-53,660) The Battle of Antrim. Irish rebels,
during the Irish Rebellion of 1798, attacked the British in the town of Antrim,
led by Henry Joy McCracken. The British succeeded in beating the attackers off,
but the British County-Governor, Lord O�Neill, was fatally injured.
4/6/1798. Monday (-53,663) Casanova,
Italian adventurer, lover, and romancer, died at his Castle of Waldstein,
Bohemia.
2/6/1798, Saturday (-53,665) William Clarke, British geologist,� was born (died17.6.1878).
====================================================================================
23/5/1798. Wednesday
(-53,675) Believing that a French invasion of Britain was imminent, Irish
nationalists rebelled against British rule. The rebels enjoyed initial
success in Wexford but were suppressed by British forces.
19/5/1798, Saturday (-53,679) Napoleon left France for Egypt.
16/5/1798, Wednesday (-53,682) Joesph Eckhel, Austrian writer, died
(born 1737).
10/5/1798, Thursday (-53,688)
George Vancouver, British explorer who surveyed the Pacific coast of America,
died.
1/5/1798, Tuesday (-53,697) William Ewart, English politician, was
born (died 23/1/1869).
====================================================================================
26/4/1798, Thursday (-53,702) Painter Eugene Delacroix was born near
Paris.
20/4/1798, Friday (-53,708) Sir William Logan, British geologist, was
born (died 22/6/1875).
11/4/1798, Wednesday (-53,717) Macedonio Melloni, Ita;lian physicist,
was born (died 11/8/1854).
8/4/1798, Sunday (-53,720) Easter Sunday.
7/4/1798, Saturday (-53,721) Pierre
Leroux, French philosophical writer, was born.
5/4/1798, Thursday (-53,723)
3/4/1798, Tuesday (-53,725)
John Banim, Irish novelist, was born in Kilkenny (died in Booterstown
30/8/1874).
2/4/1798, Monday (-53,726)
August Hoffmann, German writer, was born (died 19/1/1874).
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13/3/1798, Tuesday (-53,746) Walter Hook, English religious writer, was
born (died 20/10/1875)
6/3/1798, Tuesday (-53,753)
Jacques Jasmin, French poet,was born (died 4/10/1864).
5/3/1798, Monday (-53,754) Bern
declared war on France, fighting two separate battles this day, winning one and
losing the other. Bern then surrendered to France
====================================================================================
17/2/1798, Saturday (-53,770) Friedrich Beneke, German writer, was born
in Berlin (died 1854).
11/2/1798, Sunday (-53,776) French
troops captured Rome.
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24/1/1798, Wednesday (-53,794) Karl Holtei, german poet, was born (died
12/2/1880).
19/1/1798, Friday (-53,799) Auguste
Comte, French philosopher and founder of modern sociology, was born in
Montpellier.
15/1/1798, Monday (-53,803)
Thomas Croker, Irish writer, was born (died 8/8/1854).
14/1/1798, Sunday (-53,804) Isaak da
Costa, Dutch poet, was born (died 28/4/1860).
9/1/1798, Tuesday (-53,809) (Spain)
�Pedro Aranda, Spanish politician,
died
in Epila (born 1/8/1719 in Sietamo).
5/1/1798, Friday (-53,813) David Moir, Scottish writer, was born (died
6/7/1851).
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28/12/1797, Thursday (-53,821) Charles Hodge, US religious writer, was
born (died 19/7/1878)
23/12/1797, Friday (-53,827) Adrien de Jussieu, natiuralist, was born
(died 29/6/1853).
17/12/1797, Sunday (-53,832) Joseph Henry, electrical scientist, was born
(died 13/5/1878).
13/12/1797, Wednesday (-53,836) Louis Legendre, French Revolutionist,
died (born 22/5/1752).
11/12/1797, Monday (-53,838) (Medical) Richard
Brockelsby, English physician, died (born 11/8/1722).
====================================================================================
29/11/1797, Wednesday (-53,850) Gaetano Donizetti, composer, was born.
19/11/1797, Sunday (-53,860) (USA)
Charles Anthon, US classicist, was born in New York City (died in New York,
29/7/1867).
16/11/1797, Thursday (-53,863)
Death of the Prussian King Frederick William II, aged 53. He was succeeded by
Frederick William III.
14/11/1797, Tuesday (-53,865) Sir Charles Lyell, British geologist, was
born (died 22/2/1875).
4/11/1797, Saturday (-53,875) US
Congress agreed to pay an annual �anti-piracy� tribute to Tripoli.
=====================================================================================
27/10/1797, Friday (-53,883) Andrew Combe, physiologist, was born (died
9/8/1847).
22/10/1797, Sunday (-53,888) Andre-Jacques
Garnerin, 28, made a parachute descent,
from 2,230 feet, from a hot air balloon. He jumped over the Parc Monceau,
Paris. This was not the first parachute jump, but Garnerin had improved the
device so as to enable descents from a greater height than ever before.
17/10/1797, Tuesday (-53,893) Napoleon made peace with Austria at Campo-Formio.� Austria agreed to cede its Belgian provinces
to France in return for Venice, Dalmatia and Istria.
16/10/1797, Monday (-53,894)
James Cardigan, English lieutenant general (died 28/3/1868) was born.
13/10/1797, Friday (-53,897) Thomas Bayly, English writer, was born in
Bath (died 22/4/1839).
11/10/1797, Wednesday (-53,899) At the naval Battle of Camperdown, off the Dutch
coast, the British beat the Dutch, who
had been a threat to British naval supremacy.
10/10/1797, Tuesday (-53,900) (Lighting)
Thomas Drummond was born. Along with Goldsworth Gurney (born 1798) he invented
;limelight�, an intense beam of light produced by the combustion of lime
(calcium oxide) in an alcohol flame with added oxygen, and focussed by a
parabolic mirror.
7/10/1797, Saturday (-53,903)
4/10/1797, Wednesday (-53,906)
Albrecht Bitzius, Swiss novelist, was born in Morat (died 22/10/1854).
3/10/1797, Tuesday (-55,907) (Italy)
Leopold II, Grand-Duke of Tuscany, was born (died 29/1/1870).
====================================================================================
19/9/1797, Tuesday (-53,921) Lazare Hoche, French General, died (born
24/6/1768)
10/9/1797, Sunday (-53,930) Mary Wollstonecraft, early feminist and author
of Vindication and the Rights of Woman,
died this day.
8/9/1797, Friday (-53,932) Richard Farmer, writer on Shakespeare, died
(born 28/8/1735)
4/9/1797, Monday (-53,936) A
French army coup halted the plans of British backed Royalists in Paris.
===================================================================================
30/8/1797, Wednesday (-53,941)
Mary Shelley, English novelist, best known as the author of Frankenstein,
was born in London.
28/8/1797, Monday (-53,943) Karl Muller, German scholarly writer, was
born (died 1/8/1840).
25/8/1797, Friday (-53,946) Jean
Louvet de Couvrai, French writer, died (born 12/6/1760).
12/8/1797, Saturday (-53,959) (Light) Antoine Claudet, pioneer of photography, was
born (died 27/12/1867).
11/8/1797, Friday (-53,960) A secret Home Office report
suspected Coleridge and the Wordsworths of being enemy agents, because of their
wandering around the countryside with campstools and making detailed sketches
of the landscape.
3/8/1797, Thursday (-53,968) (Britain)
Jeffrey Amherst Amherst, British soldier (born 1717), died in Kent.
====================================================================================
20/7/1797, Thursday (-53,982) Pawel Strzelecki, explorer of Australia,
was born.
18/7/1797, Tuesday (-53,984) Sir Robert Christison, Scottish physician,
was born (died 23/1/1882).
14/7/1797, Friday (-53,988) James Bowerbank, scientific author, was
born in Bishopsgate, London (died in St Leonards 8/3/1877).
11/7/1797, Tuesday )-53,991) Charles Macklin, Irish playwright, died.
9/7/1797, Sunday (-53,993) Edmund
Burke, British politician and orator, died.
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30/6/1797, Friday (-54,002) The
naval mutiny at The Nore, led by Richard Parker, was put down.� It had started as a protest against poor food
and low pay.
26/6/1797, Monday (-54,006) Charles Newbold patented the
cast iron plough.
25/6/1797, Sunday (-54,007) Admiral Nelson was wounded in the right arm by
grapeshot, during the Battle of Santa Cruz, off Tenerife. �He had the arm amputated that afternoon.
24/6/1797, Saturday (-54,008) John
Hughes, US religious writer, was born (died 3/1/1864).
21/6/1797, Wednesday (-54,011) Andreas Bernstorff, Danish statesman, died
(born in Hanover 28/8/1735).
17/6/1797, Saturday (-53,015)
Agha Mohammad Khan, Shah of Persia, died.
==================================================================================
30/5/1797, Tuesday (-54,033) Georg naumann, German geological writer,
was born (died 26/11/1873).
15/5/1797, Monday (-54,048)
Pierre Lafont, French actor, was born (died 19/4/1873).
14/5/1797, Sunday (-54,049) Napoleon conquered Venice.
13/5/1797, Saturday (-54,050) Gerard
Deshayes, French geologist, was born (died 9/6/1875).
12/5/1797, Friday (-54,051)
Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice, abdicated.
3/5/1797, Wednesday (-54,060) (Cartography)
Heinrich Berghaus, German geographer, was born in Kleve (died in Stettin
17/2/1884).
=================================================================================
27/4/1797, Thursday (-54,066) (Biology)
Jean Audouin, naturalist, was born in Paris (died in Paris 9/11/1841).
18/4/1797� Tuesday (-54,075) Napoleon signed preliminaries of peace with Austria.
17/4/1797, Monday (-54,076) Britain�s first prisoner of war camp opened at Norman Cross Depot, near
Stilton, Huntingdonshire. Prior to this, PoWs had been confined in civil
prisons, floating hulks, or fortresses, but by 1796 the number of French PoWs
was so large other accommodation had to be found.
16/4/1797, Sunday (-54,077) Easter Sunday. The British
navy mutinied at Spithead, near Portsmouth, over poor pay, bad food, and arduous
blockade duty. On 2/5/1797 the mutiny spread to the North Sea fleet.
13/4/1797, Thursday (-54,080)
Napoleon captured Leoben on his
advance from Italy into Austria.
7/4/1797, Friday (-54,086) William Mason, English poet, died (died
12/2/1725).
5/4/1797, Wednesday (-54,088) Karl Devrient, German actor, was born
(died 4/10/1877).
===================================================================================
26/3/1797, Sunday (-54,098) James Hutton, Scottish geologist, died (born
3/6/1726).
22/3/1797, Wednesday (-54,102)
(1) Napoleon captured Gorizia, in an
advance from Italy into Austria..
(2) Wilhelm I, Emperor of Germany, was born.
18/3/1797, Saturday (-54,106) Friedrich Gotter, German poet, died (born
3/9/1746).
7/3/1797, Tuesday (-54,117) Johann Formey, Franco-German author, died (born
31/5/1711).
4/3/1797, Saturday (-54,120) (USA)
John Adams became the 2nd US President.
2/3/1797, Thursday (-54,122)
Horatio Walpole, British politician, died in London.� He never married.
====================================================================================
28/2/1797, Tuesday (-54,124) (Schools) Mary Lyon, US educationalist,
was born (died 5/3/1849).
26/2/1797, Sunday (-54,126) The Bank of England first issued �1 notes;
copper pennies were also first minted this day.
24/2/1797, Friday (-54,128) Samuel Lover, Irish novelist, was born
(died 6/7/1868).
20/2/1797, Monday (-54,132)
Nelson was made a Knight of the Bath and promoted to Rear Admiral for his
action in the Battle of Cape St Vincent.
19/2/1797, Sunday (-54,133) Napoleon captured Tolentino, Italy, where he signed a treaty with
the Papacy (The Peace of Tolentino).
18/2/1797, Saturday (-54,134) The
British captured the island of Trinidad from Spain. Spain had been forced to
ally with France by Napoleon, making her at war with Britain. The British fleet
blocked the Spanish fleet of Don Apodaca in the harbour of Port of Spain; the
Spanish decided to scuttle (burn) their ships rather than �face annihilation and capture by the British.
16/2/1797, Thursday (-54,136)
15/2/1797, Wednesday (-54,137) (USA)
John Bell, US politician, was born neat Nashville, Tennessee (died 10/9/1869).
14/2/1797, Tuesday (-54,138) Horatio Nelson and Admiral Jervis defeated the Spanish fleet off Cape St
Vincent, south west Portugal.
12/2/1797, Sunday (-54,140) The
last invasion of Britain. The Irish-American General William Tate landed at
Fishguard, Pembrokeshire with 1,400 French troops, who soon surrendered.
9/2/1797, Thursday (-54,143)
Napoleon captured Ancona, Italy.
4/2/1797, Saturday (-54,148) Major earthquake hit Riobamba, Ecuador.
2/2/1797, Thursday (-54,150) �Napoleon
captured Mantua, Italy.
1/2/1797, Wednesday (-54,151) Napoleon captured Bologna, Italy.
=================================================================================
31/1/1797, Tuesday (-54,152) Franz Schubert, Austrian composer, was born near Vienna. He was the son
of a schoolteacher.
20/1/1797, Friday (-54,163)
15/1/1797, Sunday (-54,168) The top hat first appeared in
London, worn by James Hetherington. He was fined �50 for wearing this attire,
and causing a breach of the peace.
14/1/1797, Saturday (-54,169) Battle
of Rivoli. Napoleon�s first decisive victory over the Austrians.
10/1/1797, Tuesday (-54,173) Annette Droste-Hulshoff, German poet, was
born (died 24/5/1848).
2/1/1797, Monday (-54,165) Hugh Legare, US statesman, was born (died
20/6/1843).
===================================================================================
24/12/1796, Saturday (-54,190) Spanish novelist Cecilia Larrea (Fernan
Caballero) was born (died 7/4/1877).
19/12/1796, Monday (-54,105) Manuel Breton de los Herreros, Spanish
dramatist, was born (died 8/11/1873).
16/12/1796, Friday (-54,198) (Astronomy)
Johann Titius, astronomer, died in Wittemberg.
15/12/1796, Thursday (-54,199) A
French fleet under General Hoche sailed from Brest to invade Ireland. However a
storm dispersed the fleet off Kerry and the invasion was called off.
13/12/1796, Tuesday (-54,201) (Britain)
James Scarlett Abinger, British statesman (died 7/4/1844) was born in Jamaica.
=====================================================================================
30/11/1796, Wednesday (-54,214) Johann Lowe, German composer, was born
(died 20/4/1869).
19/11/1796, Saturday (-54,225) (Britain)
Thomas Bath, English politician, died (born 13/9/1734).
6/11/1796. Sunday (-54,238) Death
of Czarina Katherine the Great of
Russia. She died at Czarskoye Selo (The Czar�s Village) near St
Petersburg, aged 67.� She had been
Empress of Russia since 1762. She was succeeded by her 42-year old son, Paul I.
====================================================================================
5/10/1796. Wednesday (-54,270)
Spain declared war on Britain by
signing the Treaty of San Il Defonso, allying
it with Revolutionary France. The Treaty was engineered by Spanish Prime
Minister Manuel de Godoy, lover of King Charles IV�s wife Maria Luisa. De Godoy
was opposed to monarchist Britain. Many ordinary Spanish opposed the Treaty,
which diminished Spain as an imperial power and weakened her influence in The
Americas.
===================================================================================
21/9/1796, Wednesday (-54,284) Francois Marceau-Desgraviers, French
General, died (born 1/3/1769).
19/9/1796, Monday (-54,286) Hartley Coleridge, English writer, was born
(died 6/1/1849).
17/9/1796, Saturday (-54,288) George Washington gave his
farewell address as president of the USA.
16/9/1796, Friday (-54,289) William Muhlenberg, US philanthropist, was
born (died 8/4/1877).
2/9/1796, Friday (-54,303) Francois Hamelin, French Admiral, was born
(died 10/1/1864).
==================================================================================
21/8/1796,
Sunday (-54,315) Asher Durand, US painter, was born (died
17/9/1886).
=================================================================================
26/7/1796, Tuesday (-54,341) Jean Baptiste Corot, French landscape
painter, was born (died 22/2/1875).
24/7/1796, Sunday (-54,343) John Clayton, US politician, was born (died
9/11/1856).
21/7/1796. Thursday (-54,346)
Robert Burns, Scottish poet, died
aged 37 in Dumfries, and was buried there.�
He was born on 25/1/1759, the eldest son of a poor peasant farmer, about
2 miles from Ayr, at Alloway.
17/7/1797, Sunday (-54,350)
Hippolyte Delaroche, French painter, was born (died 4/11/1856).
16/7/1796, Saturday (-54,351) William
Hamilton, English statesman, died (born 28/1/1729).
6/7/1796, Wednesday (-54,361)
Nicholas, Tsar of Russia, was born.
=================================================================================
30/6/1796, Thursday (-54,367)
Napoleon marched into central
Italy, taking Florence this day.
23/6/1796, Thursday (-54,374)
Pope Pius VI signed an armistice with Napoleon.
21/6/1796. Tuesday (-54,376)
The Scottish explorer Mungo Park reached the River Niger.
11/6/1796, Saturday (-54,386) Samuel Whitbread, beer brewer, died.
3/6/1796, Friday (-54,394) Napoleon advanced to Verona, thereby
securing all of Austrian Lombardy.
1/6/1796. Wednesday (-54,396)
Tennessee became the 16th state of the USA.
==================================================================================
28/5/1796, Saturday (-54,400) William Miller, Scottish line engraver, was
born (died 20/1/1882).
21/5/1796, Saturday (-54,407) Reverdy Johnson, US politician, was born
(died 10/2/1876).
17/5/1796, Tuesday (-54,411)
Napoleon advanced to Brescia.
15/5/1796, Sunday (-54,413) Napoleon occupied Milan.
14/5/1796. Saturday (-54,414) Dr Edward Jenner, born 17/5/1749,
from Berkeley, Gloucestershire, carried out his first human vaccination. He infected an
eight year old, James Phipps, with cowpox, or �vaccinia� disease, having once
heard a dairymaid claim that she would never catch smallpox because she had
been infected by cowpox. Then on July 1st he deliberately exposed
the boy to smallpox; he proved resistant to the disease.
10/5/1796, Tuesday (-54,418)
Napoleon won the Battle of Lodi.
Napoleon
was greeted in Milan as a liberator of the city from Austrian rule.
6/5/1796, Friday (-54,422) Adolf Knigge, German author, died.
4/5/1796, Wednesday (-54,424) Horace Mann, US educatiuonalist writer,
was born (died 2/8/1859).
===================================================================================
28/4/1796, Thursday (-54,430)
Napoleon reached an armistice
with Sardinia.
24/4/1796, Sunday (-54,434) Karl
Immerman, German dramatist, was born (died 25/8/1840).
23/4/1796, Saturday (-54,435) Theodor
Hippel, German writer, died (born 31/1/1741).
21/4/1796, Thursday (-54,437)
19/4/1796, Tuesday (-54,439)
Bernhard Beskow, Swedish dramatist, was born (died 17/10/1868).
18/4/1796, Monday (-54,440) Johan
Wilcke, physicist, died.
13/4/1796, Wednesday (-54,445)
Napoleon won the Battle of
Millesimo.
===================================================================================
31/3/1796, Thursday (-54,458) Philippe Buchez, French political writer,
was born (died 12/8/1865)
10/3/1796, Thursday (-54,479) Napoleon gained victory at the Battle of Lodi.
9/3/1796, Wednesday (-54,480) Napoleon married Josephine
de Beautharnais.
2/3/1796,
Wednesday (-54,487)
Napoleon was appointed Commander
in Chief of the Army of Italy and The Alps.
====================================================================================
26/2/1796,
Friday (-54,492) Thomas Galloway, Scottish
mathematician, was born (died 1/11/1851).
17/2/1796,
Wednesday (-54,501) (Cartography)
Frederick Beechey, English explorer and cartographer, was born in London
(died 29/11/1856).
9/2/1796,
Tuesday (-54,509) Qianlong, 6th emperor of the
Qing dynasty and the leader of China at its pre-modern peak of power, size, and
prestige, abdicated in the 61st year of his reign in favour of his 35-year-old
son. Though, until his death three years later, Qianlong continued to exercise
power from behind the scenes, his abdication was crucial to his dynasty�s
legitimacy. Qianlong abdicated one day before the length of his reign would
have matched that of his illustrious grandfather, Emperor Kangxi. Kangxi�s
unprecedentedly long reign was viewed as a kind of golden age, and Kangxi was
still held in high regard. For Qianlong to outshine his grandfather would have
been viewed as immodest, reflecting badly on the House of Aisin Gor. His
abdication preserved respect for the imperial office.
8/2/1796,
Monday (-54,510) Barthelemy Enfantin, French
social reformer, was born (died 1/9/1864).
6/2/1796, Saturday (-54,512) John Henslow, English scientific writer,
was born (died 16/5/1861).
3/2/1796, Wednesday (-54,515) Jean Madou, Belgian
painter, was born (died 31/3/1877).
1/2/1796,
Monday (-54,517) Abraham Frohlich, Swiss poet,
was born (died 1/12/1865).
====================================================================================
25/1/1796, Monday (-54,524) William MacGillivray,
Scottish naturalist writer, was born (died 4/9/1852).
17/1/1796,
Sunday (-54,532) (Technology)
Thaddeus Fairbanks, inventor, was born (died 12/4/1886).
13/1/1796,
Wednesday (-54,536) (Science)
John Anderson, Scottish scientist (born 1726 in Roseneath, Dumbartonshire) died
in Glasgow.
4/1/1796,
Monday (-54,545) Henry Bohn, British
publisher, was born in London (died in Twickenham 22/8/1884).
=====================================================================================
31/12/1795,
Thursday (-54,549) Arthur Guinness signed a
9,000 lease on a brewery at St James Gate, Dublin, for an annual rent of �45.
23/12/1795,
Wednesday (-54,557) Sir Henry Clinton, British
General, died.
21/12/1795, Monday (-54,559) Robert Moffat, Scottish
Congregationalist missionary to southerm Africa, was born (died 9/8/1883).
10/12/1795, Thursday (-54,570) (Marine)
Sir George Burns, operator of the Cunard Line from 1838, was born (died
2/6/1890).
8/12/1795, Tuesday (-54,572) Peter Hansen, Danish astronomer, was born
(died 28/3/1874).
5/12/1795,
Saturday (-54,575) Friedrich Hermann, German economics writer,
was born (died 23/11/1868).
4/12/1795,
Friday (-54,576)
Birth of Thomas Carlyle, Scottish historian.
3/12/1795,
Thursday (-54,577)
Sir Rowland Hill, who pioneered
the postal service, was born in Kidderminster.
====================================================================================
29/11/1795,
Sunday (-54,581) Friedrich Gerhard, German archaeological
writer, was born (died 12/5/1867).
19/11/1795, Thursday
(-54,591) Thomas Linley English musician, died.
18/11/1795, Wednesday
(-54,592) Significant earthquake in Derbyshre, England, chimneys fell and
walls were cracked.
9/11/1795,
Monday (-54,601) Walter Geike, Scottish
painter, was born (died 1/8/1837).
2/11/1795, Monday (-54,608) James
Polk, American Democrat and 11th President, was born in Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina.
===================================================================================
31/10/1795, Saturday (-54,610) The French Executive Directory was elected.
26/10/1795, Monday (-54,615) Napoleon was appointed General of the
Army of the Interior.
24/10/1795, Saturday (-54,617) King Stanislaus II of Poland, aged 63,
abdicated.
10/10/1795, Saturday (-54,631) Joseph le Bon, French
politician, was executed (born 29/9/1765).
8/10/1795, Thursday (-54,633) Easter Sunday; Andrew
Kippis, English religious writer, died (born 28/3/1725).
6/10/1795,
Tuesday (-54,635) (Race
Equality) Joshua Giddings, prominent US anti-slavery campaigner, was
born (died 27/5/1864).
5/10/1795,
Monday (-54,636)
Napoleon participated in
defeating a Royalist uprising in Paris. He became Commander of the Army of the
Interior.
1/10/1795,
Thursday (-54,640)
Belgium was incorporated in the French Republic.
===================================================================================
24/9/1795,
Thursday (-54,647) Antoine Barye, French
sculptor, was born in Paris (died 25/6/1875).
23/9/1795, Tuesday (-54,648)
France proclaimed a new Constitution.
16/9/1795,
Wednesday (-54,655)
In June 1795 a British fleet with 4,000 soldiers arrived off the Dutch Cape
Colony (South Africa) to prevent the French from taking the territory. This day
the British soldiers landed at Muizenberg, and the Dutch soldiers, under
Governor Sluysken, largely fled without a fight. Sluyksen managed to negotiate
a truce with the British, but was soon evicted from power by settlers in the
interior who resisted his rule.
13/9/1795,
Sunday (-54,658) Julius Hare, English religious writer, was
born (died 23/1/1855).
5/9/1795,
Saturday (-54,666) Karl Follen, German poet, was born (died
14/1/1840).
====================================================================================
13/8/1795,
Karl Homeyer, German jurist, was born (died 20/10/1874).
===================================================================================
22/7/1795, Wednesday (-54,711) The Second Treaty of Basle. Spain ceded
the Dominican Republic to France.
20/7/1795, Monday (-54,713) (Chemistry)
Jean Guimet, French industrial chemist, was born (died 8/4/1871). In 1828 he
won an award for inventing artificial ultramarine, as a substititue for the
ultramarine prepared from lapis lazuli.
15/7/1795,
Wednesday (-54,718)
The Marsellaise was officially
adopted as the French National Anthem. It had been written by the French Army
Captain Rouget de Lisle in 1792, whilst he was stationed at Strasbourg.
9/7/1795,
Thursday (-54,724) Henry Conway, English
statesman, died (born 1721).
4/7/1795, Saturday (-54,729) Karl
Eichwald, German scientific writer, was born (died 10/11/1876).
3/7/1795, Friday
(-54,730) Louis
Brequigny, scholarly writer, died (born 22/2/1714).
1/7/1795, Wednesday
(-54,732) The first section of the Ellesmere Canal, from Chester to
Netherpool (now called El;lesmere Port) opened, see 1796.
===================================================================================
27/6/1795, Saturday
(-54,736) A force of French Royalists, under D�Hervilly and Puisaye, landed
at Quiberon to try and start a pro-monarchist rebellion. They
were defeated by General Hoche, all prisoners being shot.
24/6/1795,
Wednesday (-54,739) (Medical)
German physiologist Ernst Heinrich Weber was born in Wittemberg. He began, in
1826, experiments with two point skin stimulation; how close can two needle
points be felt before they are perceived as just one sensation.
23/6/1795,
Tuesday (-54,740) Off the port of Lorient, NW
France, a British fleet under Lord Bridport defeated the French under
Villaret-Joyeuse.
17/6/1795,
Wednesday (-55,746) Jean Goujon, French
politician, died (born 13/4/1766).
15/6/1795, Monday (-55,748) Richard Morrison, English
astronomer, was born (died 5/4/1874).
13/6/1795,
Saturday (-55,750) (Education,
Schools) Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School, was born in West
Cowes, Isle of Wight (died 12/6/1842).
1/6/1795,
Monday (-55,762) Pierre Desault, French
surgeon, died (born 6/2/1744).
===================================================================================
31/5/1795, Sunday (-55,763)
France suspended the Revolutionary Tribunal.
27/5/1795, Wednesday (-54,767)
23/5/1795,
Saturday (-54,771) (1) In Paris troops suppressed a riot caused by
food shortages. See 1/4/1795.
(2)
Birth of the architect Sir Charles Barry, who designed the Houses of Parliament
in London.
22/5/1795,
Friday (-54,772)
Scottish explorer Mungo Park set sail on his first voyage to Africa,
19/5/1795, Tuesday (-54,775)
James Boswell, Scottish diarist and biographer
of Dr Johnson, died in London, aged 54.
7/5/1795,
Thursday (-54,787) Antoine Fouquier-Tinville,
French revolutionary, was guillotined (born 1746).
===================================================================================
30/4/1795, Thursday (-54,794) Jean Jacques Barthelemy, French writer, died
(born in Cassis, Provence 20/1/1716).
28/4/1795, Tuesday (-54,796)
Birth of Charles Sturt, English explorer of Australia.
23/4/1795,
Thursday (-54,801)
Warren Hastings was acquitted of high treason.
22/4/1795,
Wednesday (-54,802) Johann Bohmer, German historical
writer, was born in Frankfort am Main (died in Frankfort 22/10/1863).
21/4/1795, Tuesday (-54,803)
20/4/1795, Monday
(-54,804) Johan Kellgren, Swedish poet, died (born 1/1/21751).
19/4/1795,
Sunday (-54,805) Christian Ehrenberg, German naturalist, was
born (died 27/6/1876).
7/4/1795, Tuesday (-54,817) France officially adopted
the metric system of measuerement.
5/4/1795,
Sunday (-54,819) Easter
Sunday. Frederick William of Prussia signed a peace treaty with France (First
Treaty of Basle), to leave himself free to deal with his eastern frontier.� The west bank of the Rhine was given to
France.
1/4/1795,
Wednesday (-54,823)
Martial law was declared in Paris as food shortages sparked riots. See
23/5/1795.
=====================================================================================
29/3/1795, Sunday
(-54,826) Ludwig van Beethoven had his debut performance as a pianist in
Vienna.
28/3/1795,
Saturday (-54,827) The Duchy of Courland was incorporated into
the State of Russia.
===================================================================================
27/2/1795, Friday (-54,856) Francis Marion, US soldier,
died.
23/2/1795, Monday (-54,860) Sir Josiah Mason, Enbglish
entrepreneuer and philanthropist, was born (died� 16/6/1881).
11/2/1795,
Wednesday (-54,872) Karl Bellman, Swedish
poet, died (born in Stockholm 4/2/1740).
8/2/1795,
Sunday (-54,875) (Christian)
Pierre Beckx, Jesuit, was born in Sichem, Belgium (died in Rome 4/3/1887).
7/2/1795,
Saturday (-54,876) Anders Fryxell, Swedish historical writer,
was born (died 21/3/1881).
5/2/1795, Thursday (-54,878) Wilhelm Haidinger, German geological
writer, was born (died 19/3/1871).
================================================================================
21/1/1795, Wednesday (-54,893) France granted freedom of
worship.
13/1/1795,
Tuesday (-54,901) Armand-Pierre Caussin de
Perceval, Orientalist writer, was born (died 15/1/1871).
3/1/1795,
Saturday (-54,911) Josiah Wedgwood, English potter and
creator of blue jasper ware, died
in Staffordshire.
2/1/1795,
Friday (-54,912) The French captured the Dutch
fleet as it stood frozen into the River Texel. William V escaped to England as
the French established a Batavian Republic.
==================================================================================
14/12/1794,
Sunday (-54,931) Erastus Corning, US politician and
industrialist, was born (died 9/4/1872).
6/12/1794, Saturday (-54,939) Luigi Lablache,
French-Italian singer, was born (died 23/1/1858).
==================================================================================
30/11/1794,
Sunday (-54,945) John Scott, champion jockey, was born (died
4/10/1871).
28/11/1794,
Friday (-54, 947) Cesare Beccaria-Bonesana,
Italian writer, died in Milan (born in Milan 15/3/1735).
22/11/1794,
Saturday (-54,953) Alicia Cockburn, Scottish poet, died (born
8/10/1713).
17/11/1794,
Monday (-55,958) George Grote, English
historian of Greece, was born (died 18/6/1871).
16/11/1794,
Sunday (-55,959) (France)
Jean Carrier, French Revolutionary, was guillotined (born 1756).
9/11/1794,
Sunday (-54,966) Russian
forces entered Warsaw, ending the Polish rebellion.
3/11/1794,
Monday (-54,972) Francois Bernis, French
statesman, died in Rome (born 22/5/1715).
=====================================================================================
28/10/1794, Tuesday
(-54,978) Robert Liston, surgeon, was born (died 7/12/1847).
27/10/1794,
Monday (-54,979)
Birth of Robert Lister, Scottish doctor who performed the first operation using
anaesthetic.
24/10/1794.,
Friday (-54,982) Friedrich Balduin, German
soldier, was born (died 20/4/1848).
19/10/1794, Sunday (-54,987) Charles Leslie, English
painter, was born (died 5/5/1859).
10/10/1794,
Friday (-54,996)
(Poland,
Russia)
The Polish army, 7,000 men �under Tadeusz
Kosciusko was heavily defeated by the Russians, 16,000 men, at Maciejowice, and
its leader taken prisoner. Kosciusko was released by Czar Paul in 1796, and
died on 15/10/1817 when his horse fell over a precipice.
7/10/1794, Tuesday (-54,999) Wilhelm Muller, German
lyrical poet, was born 0died 30/9/1827).
======================================================================================
13/9/1794,
Saturday (-55,023) Jean Florian, French poet, died (born
6/3/1755).
9/9/1794, Tuesday (-55,027) William Lonsdale, English
geologist, was born (died 11/11/1871).
4/9/1794,
Thursday (-55,032) John Hely-Hutchinson, Irish
statesman, died (born 1724)
=====================================================================================
29/8/1794,
Friday (-55,038) William Ellis, missionary to
Polynesia, was born (died 25/6/1872).
20/8/1794,
Wednesday (-55,047)
Napoleon was released, see 10/8/1794.
16/8/1794,
Saturday (-55,051) (Switzerland)
Jean Aubigne, Swiss historian, was born near Geneva (died 1872).
15/8/1794,
Friday (-55,052) Elias Fries, botanical
writer, was born (died 8/2/1878).
10/8/1794,
Sunday (-55,057) In
France, Napoleon Bonaparte was briefly arrested because of his connections with
the Jacobins, a radical political group.
=====================================================================================
31/7/1794, Thursday
(-55,067) In the two months of June and July, the French guillotine had
claimed 1,285 victims.
30/7/1794, Wednesday
(-55,068) Johann Lappenberg, German historical writer, was born (died
28/11/1865).
29/7/1794,
Tuesday (-55,069) Thomas Corwin, US politician,
was born.
28/7/1794,
Monday (-55,070)
Maximillien Robespierre, 36, French leader of the Jacobins during the French Revolution, was guillotined in
Paris. Anti-Jacobin sentiment rose. Robespierre�s zeal for use of the
guillotine made even his former friends uneasy. See 27/7/1793.
26/7/1794,
Saturday (-55,072)
25/7/1794,
Friday (-55,073) Andre de Chenier, French
poet, was guillotined (born 30/10/1762).
24/7/1794,
Thursday (-55,074) (Biology)
Russian zoologist Christian Pander was born in Riga. He studied the development
of the chick embryo.
23/7/1794,
Wednesday (-55,075) The village of Ratcliff,
just east of London, was badly damaged by a fire. 455 of the 1,150 houses were
burnt, along with 36 warehouses, when a pitch kettle at a boat builders boiled
over. Ships were also burnt; they could not be moved as the tide was out;
saltpetre in a� barge blew up, raining
fire on other boats.
17/7/1794,
Thursday (-55,081)
(France)
The Paris Commune, set up in 1791, was suppressed.
14/7/1794, Monday
(-55,084) John Lockhart, Scottish writer, was born (died 25/11/1854).
13/7/1794,
Sunday (-55,085) (Biology)
Scottish physician James Lind died in Hampshire, England.
12/7/1794,
Saturday (-55,086) Admiral
Nelson lost his right eye at the
siege of the French garrison at Calvi in Corsica.
4/7/1794, Friday (-55,094)
======================================================================================
27/6/1794, Friday
(-55,101) Wenzel Kaunitz-Rietburg, Austrian statesman, died (born 2/2/1711).
26/6/1794,
Thursday (-55,102)
The French defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Fleurus. Balloon
reconnaissance of the enemy was used by the French, from a tethered balloon,
for the first time.
23/6/1794, Monday (-55,105)
19/6/1794, Thursday
(-55,109) Richard Lee, US statesman, died (born 20/1/1732).
18/6/1794, Wednesday (-55,110) (France)
Francois Buzot, French Revolutionary, died (born 1/3/1760).
17/6/1794,
Tuesday (-55,111) Marguerite Guadet, French
revolutionary, died (born 20/7/1758).
8/6/1794,
Sunday (-55,120) Gottfried Burger, German poet, died (born
1/1/1748).
1/6/1794,
Sunday (-55,127) (France,
Britain) The Battle of the Glorious 1st
June. The British fleet under Lord Howe defeated the French under Admiral
Villaret-Joyeuse, 700km west of Ushant.
=====================================================================================
30/5/1794, Friday (-55,129) Ignaz Moschelles, Bohemian
pianist, was born (died 10/3/1870).
17/5/1794,
Saturday (-55,142) Anna Jameson, British writer, was born
(died 17/3/1860).
12/5/1794, Monday (-55,147) (Britain) Sir George Cathcart, English soldier,
was born (died at the Battle of Inkerman 5/11/1584).
10/5/1794, Saturday (-55,149) (France)
Elizabeth, daughter of Louis the Dauphin, born 3/5/1764, was executed.
8/5/1794, Thursday (-55,151)
Chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who
discovered the composition of water, was executed in Paris.
===================================================================================
28/4/1794,
Monday (-55,161) Charles Estaing, French
Admiral, born 1729, was executed for his close relations to the French Queen.
27/4/1794,
Sunday (-55,162) (Africa) James
Bruce, Scottish explorer of Africa, died (born 14/12/1730).
25/4/1794, Friday (-55,164)
23/4/1794, Wednesday
(-55,166) Chretien Malesherbes, French statesman, was guillotined (born
6/12/1721).
22/4/1794,
Tuesday (-55,167) Jean Epremesnil, French
magistrate, was guillotined (born 5/12/1745).
20/4/1794, Sunday (-55,169) Easter Sunday.
18/4/1794,
Friday (-55,171) Charles Camden, Lord
Chancellor of England (born 1714) died.
17/4/1794, Thursday
(-55,172) Carl Martius, German botanist, was born (died 13/12/1868).
15/4/1794, Tuesday (-55,174) Frederic Chelmsford, Lord Chancellor of
England, was born (died 5/10/1878).
13/4/1794,
Sunday (-55,176) (Biology)
Jean Pierre Marie was born in France. He studied the nervous system, located
the centre of respiration, and showed that the cerebellum controlled muscular
movements.
12/4/1794,
Saturday (-55,177) Jean Gobel, French politician, was
guillotined (born 1/9/1727)
11/4/1794,
Friday (-55,178) Edward Everett, US writer,
was born (died 15/1/1865).
7/4/1795, Monday (-55,182) Theobald Boehm, who invented
the modern Western flute and its fingering system, was born.
5/4/1794,
Saturday (-55,184) (France)
George Jacques Danton, French revolutionary leader, was guillotined for treason,
nine months after his dismissal from the Committee of Public Safety which was
ruling France.
2/4/1794,
Wednesday (-55,187)
The French military formed a company of Aerostiers for military observation
from tethered hot air balloons.
==================================================================================
27/3/1794,
Thursday (-55,193)
The US Navy was officially created.
Before this day the American Congress had only fitted out civilian ships for
hostilities as required, but now it was decided a permanent navy was necessary.
24/3/1794,
Monday (-55,196) Jean Cloots, French
Revolutionary, was guillotined.
21/3/1794,
Friday (-55,199) James Gilbart, English
banking writer, was born (died 8/8/1863).
16/3/1794,
Sunday (-55,204) Ami Bourg, Austrian geologist, was born in
Hamburg (died 21/11/1881).
15/3/1794,
Saturday (-55,205) Friedrich Diaz, German scholarly writer,
was born (born 29/5/1876).
10/3/1794, Monday (-55,210)
5/3/1794, Wednesday
(-55,215) Ramon de la Cruz, Spanish dramatist, died (born 28/3/1731).
4/3/1794,
Tuesday (-55,216) William Carleton, Irish
novelist, was born (died 30/1/1869).
===================================================================================
26/2/1794,
Wednesday (-55,222) Hans Hassenpflug, German
statesman, was born (died 15/10/1862).
22/2/1794,
Saturday (-55,226) (Biology)
German physiologist Kaspar Wolff died in St Petersburg, Russia.
21/2/1794,
Friday (-55,227)
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the Mexican revolutionary who freed his country
from Spanish rule, was born.
16/2/1794, Sunday (-55,232) Etienne Lomenie de Brienne.,
French religious writer, died (born 9/10/1727).
9/2/1794,
Sunday (-55,239) Jacques Ancelot, French dramatist, was born
in Havre (died 1854).
4/2/1794,
Tuesday (-55,244)
France issued a decree abolishing slavery in its colonies. However Mauritius
ignored this decree.
1/2/1794,
Saturday (-55,247) Etienne Arnal, actor, was born in Meulan
(died 1872).
=====================================================================================
21/1/1794,
Tuesday (-55,258) August Follen, German poet,
was born (died 26/12/1855).
17/1/1794,
Friday (-55,262) Jacques Deslongchamps, French
geologist, was born (died 17/1/1867).
16/1/1794,
Thursday (-55,263)
Edward Gibbon, English historian and author of The Decline and Fall of the
Roman Empire, died.
10/1/1794,
Friday (-55,269) Johann Forster, German
writer, died (born 27/11/1754).
8/1/1794, Wednesday
(-55,271) Justus Moser, German writer, died (born 14/12/1720).
7/1/1794, Tuesday
(-55,272) Eilhardt Mitscherlich, German chemist, was born (died 28/8/1863).
3/1/1794, Friday (-55,276) Joseph Lebeau, Belgian
statesman, was born (died 19/3/1865).
1/1/1794,
Wednesday (-55,278) The Laggan Navigation
opened; it was authorised under an Act of 1753; construction began in 1756. The
lower section up to Lisburn opened in 1765 but work halted, due to flooding
risks and lack of funds. Work recommenced in 1782 and the link up to Lough
Neagh was completed on 1/1/1794.
====================================================================================
28/12/1793, Saturday
(-55,282) Karl Neumann, German Orientalist writer, was born (died
17/3/1870).
27/12/1793, Friday
(-55,283) Alexander Laing, Scottish explorer of Africa, the first recorded
European to reach Timbuktu, was born (died 26/9/1826).
18/12/1793,
Wednesday (-55,292)
The British withdrew from Toulon
and Napoleon was appointed
General de Brigade.
15/12/1793,
Sunday (-55,295) Henry Charles Carey, US economist, was born
(died 1879).
7/12/1793,
Saturday (-55,303)
Madame du Barry, last mistress of King Louis XV of France, was guillotined by
the Revolutionary Council.
4/12/1793, Wednesday (-55,306) Armand kersaint, French
politician, was executed (born 29/7/1742).
==================================================================================
29/11/1793,
Friday (-55,311) (France)
Antoine Barnave, orator of the French Revolution, was executed at The Tuileries
(born in Grenoble 22/10/1761).
24/11/1793, Sunday (-55,316) Clement Laverdy, Fremnch
statesman, was guillotined.
17/11/1793,
Sunday (-55,323) Sir Charles Eastlake, English painter, was
born (died 24/12/1865).
8/11/1793,
Friday (-55,332)
In Paris, the Revolutionary Government allowed the public to view the Royal art
collection for the first time.
7/11/1793,
Thursday (-55,333) Antoine Clot, French
physician, was born (died 28/8/1868).
5/11/1793, Tuesday (-55,335)
3/11/1793, Sunday (-55,337) (France)
Execution by guillotine of French playwright Olympe de Gouges, Horrified by the
bloodshed that was characterising the French Revolution, she had called for a
referendum that would let the people decide between a Republic or restoration
of the monarchy. She was executed along with other moderate Girondists.
2/11/1793, Saturday (-55,338)
Nicolas Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician, was born (died 24/2/1856)
1/11/1793,
Friday (-55,339)
Lord George Gordon, British anti-Catholic agitator and leader of the Gordon
Riots in 1780, died in Newgate Prison, London. He had been convicted of
libelling Marie Antoinette.
======================================================================================
31/10/1793,
Thursday (-55,340) (France)
Jacques Brissot. French Girondist, was executed.
30/10/1793,
Wednesday (-55,341) (France)
Claude Fauchet, French Revolutionary Bishop, was executed (born 22/9/1744).
28/10/1793, Monday (-55,343) Eliphalet Remington, US arms
manufacturer, was born.
23/10/1783, Wednesday (-55,348)
16/10/1793,
Wednesday (-55,355)
Marie Antoinette, born 2/11/1755, the
Queen of France as wife of Louis XVI, was convicted of treason and guillotined
in Paris. See 21/7/1793. Aged 38, she had been held in prison for over a
year; since August in solitary confinement.
15/10/1793, Tuesday
(-55,356) Louis Lescure, French soldier and anti-Revolutionary, was killed.
12/10/1793, Saturday (-55,359)
8/10/1793,
Tuesday (-55,363)
John Hancock, US politician, the first person to sign the Declaration of
Independence, died.
7/10/1793,
Monday (-55,364) Wills Downshire, English
politician, died (born 30/5/1718).
5/10/1793, Saturday (-55,366) France adopted the
Revolutionary Calendar.
1/10/1793,
Tuesday (-55,370) Sir William Erle, English
lawyer, was born (died 28/1/1880).
=====================================================================================
27/9/1793, Friday (-55,374) (France)
Denis Affre, Archbishop of Paris, was born in St Rome, Tarn (died 27/6/1848).
25/9/1793, Wednesday (-55,376) Felicia Hemans, English poet, was born
(died 16/5/1835).
18/9/1793,
Wednesday (-55,383)
The cornerstone of the north section of the Capitol Building, Washington DC,
was laid by President Washington.
17/9/1793,
Tuesday (-55,384) Revolutionary France passed
the Law of Suspects. This was a wide-ranging measure that authorised the arrest
of anyone who had supported tyranny or federalism, former nobles and their relatives,
also emigres. It was the basis for the Reign of Terror, and was repealed in
1795. Some 70% of the victims of The
Terror were peasants and labourers, accused of rebellion against the State.
3/9/1793, Tuesday (-55,398)
======================================================================================
28/8/1793,
Wednesday (-55,404) Adam Custine, French
General, was guillotined.
27/8/1793, Tuesday (-55,405)
The British occupied Toulon, France.
25/8/1793, Sunday (-55,407) Samuel Cox, US religious and academic, was
born (died 2/10/1880).
23/8/1793. Friday (-55,409) (1) France introduced the first national
conscription, claiming all unmarried men aged 18 to 25.
(2)
Construction work began on the Ulverston Canal, Lancashire, a short 1.25 mile
canal to link the town to the sea, which had receded from the town.
19/8/1793, Monday (-55,413) Samuel Goodrich, US author, was born (died
9/5/1860).
17/8/1795, Saturday (-55,415) Athanase Coquerel, French religious writer,
was born (died 10/1/1868).
12/8/1793, Monday (-55,420) (Chemistry) James Muspratt,
British chemical manufacturer, was born (died 4/5/1886).
1/8/1793,
Thursday (-55,431)
The kilogram was introduced in France as the first metric weight.
==================================================================================
27/7/1793,
Saturday (-55,436)
Maximilian Robespierre, Jacobin leader, became a member of the Committee of
Public Safety, established to guard against an attack on France by neighbouring
countries after the execution of King Louis XVI. See 28/7/1794. Robespierre was now effective;ly Dictator of France.
22/7/1793, Monday (-55,441) A party led by Sir Alexander
MacKenzie arrived on the Pacific coast of Canbada, becoming the first Europeans
to cross Canada, by foot and canoe.
20/7/1793,
Saturday (-55,443)
Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, a machine for separating cotton fibre from
seeds.
19/7/1793,
Friday (-55,444) Thomas Doughty, US painter
(died 22/7/1856 in New York city) was born Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
17/7/1793,
Wednesday (-55,446)
Charlotte Corday was guillotined for the murder of Jean Paul Marat, see
13/7/1793.
13/7/1793,
Saturday (-55,450) Jean
Paul Marat, French Revolutionary, was stabbed to death by a Girondist (right-wing)
supporter, Charlotte Corday. Marat�s zeal for execution of royalty and
government ministers had made him many enemies.
10/7/1793, Wednesday (-55,453) William Maginn, irish
poet, was born (died 21/8/1842).
4/7/1793,
Thursday (-55,459) Friedrich Bleek, German
scholar, was born in Holstein (died 27/2/1859).
==================================================================================
26/6/1793, Wednesday (-55,467) Karl Moritz, German
author, died (born 15/9/1757).
11/6/1793,
Tuesday (-55,482)
Napoleon had to leave Corsica with
his family and went to Toulon.
2/6/1793, Sunday
(-55,491) In an early act of the reign of Terror (French Revolution),
Jean-Paul Marat led the expulsion of 31 Girondists from the French National
Convention.
1/6/1793, Saturday
(-55,492) Henry Lyte, religious writer, was born (died 20/11/1847).
==================================================================================
31/5/1793,
Friday (-55,493)
The Reign of Terror, in which thousands
went to the guillotine, in the French Revolution, began.
28/5/1793,
Tuesday (-55,496) Anton Busching, scholarly
writer, died (born 27/9/1724).
24/5/1793,
Friday (-55,500)
The British recaptured the archipelago of St Pierre et Miquelon, off Canada,
which was a severe blow to the French cod fishing fleet.
21/5/1793, Tuesday
(-55,503) Charles Kock, Frency novelist, was born (died 27/4/1871).
20/5/1793,
Monday (-55,504) (Biology)
Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist, died near Geneva (born in Geneva 13/3/1720).
3/5/1793,
Friday (-55,521) Martin Gerbert, German
writer, died (born 1720).
===================================================================================
29/4/1793, Monday (-55,525) John Michell, English
scientific writer, died.
26/4/1793,
Friday (-55,528) Nicolas Changarnier, French
General, was born (died 14/2/1877).
22/4/1793,
Monday (-55,532) US President Washington
issued a Declaration of Neutrality in the Napoleonic War. Hamilton wanted him
to support the British but Jefferson wanted him to support the French.
21/4/1793,
Sunday (-55,533) (Geology)
Geologist John Michell died at Thornhill, England.
20/4/1793, Saturday
(-55,534) David Laing, Scottish writer, was born (died 18/10/1878).
19/4/1793,
Friday (-55,535) Ferdinand I, Emperor of
Austria, was born (died 29/6/1875).
15/4/1793,
Monday (-55,539)
The Bank of England first issued �5 notes.
6/4/1793, Saturday
(-55,548) (1) French General Dumouriez was
defeated at the Battle of Jemappes, and the French driven out of Holland.
Dumouriez subsequently defected to the Austrians.
(2) In France,
the Committee of Public Safety was formed.
5/4/1793,
Friday (-55,549)
William Thornton�s plans for the building of the Capitol, Washington DC, were
accepted.
4/4/1793,
Thursday (-55,550) Jean Delavigne, French
poet, was born (died 11/12/1843).
3/4/1793, Wednesday
(-55,551) Dionysius Lardner, Irish scientific writer, was born (died
29/4/1859).
===================================================================================
31/3/1793,
Sunday (-55,554) Easter Sunday.
25/3/1793,
Monday (-55,560)
By the Treaty of London, Russia joined the coalition against France.
20/3/1793, Wednesday (-55,565)
An army of peasant Royalists defeated the Republicans in the Vendee region of France.
See14/3/1793.
18/3/1793, Monday (-55,567)
Austrian forces defeated a French Revolutionary Army at the Battle of Neerwinden.
14/3/1793,
Thursday (-55,571)
A force of counter-revolutionaries in western France was trying to restore the
monarchy. See 20/3/1793.
12/3/1795, Tuesday
(-55,573) William MacKenzie, Canadian politician, was born (died
29/8/1861).
11/3/1793, Monday (-55,574)
In France, start of a counter Revolution in the Vendee.
10/3/1793, Sunday (-55,575)
France created the Revolutionary Tribunal.
7/3/1793,
Thursday (-55,578)
France declared war on Austria, and also on Spain on 7/3/1793.
4/3/1793, Monday
(-55,581) Karl Lachmann, German scholarly writer, was born (died
13/3/1851).
3/3/1793, Sunday
(-55,582) William MacReady, English actor, was born (died 27/4/1873).
2/3/1793,
Saturday (-55,583)
Sam Houston, American soldier and first President of Texas, was born.
===================================================================================
22/2/1793, Friday (-55,591) Isaak Jost, Jewish hirtorical
writer, was born (died 22/11/1860).
11/2/1793, Monday (-55,602) Thomas Kingsdown, English
lawyer, was born (died 7/10/1867).
6/2/1793,
Wednesday (-55,607) Carlo Goldoni, Italian
dramatist, died (born 25/2/1707).
2/2/1793,
Saturday (-55,611) William Aiton, Scottish botanist, born
17312, died.
1/2/1793,
Friday (-55,612)
Britain declared war on France. The British economy entered a depression.
=====================================================================================
23/1/1793, Wednesday (-55,621)
Prussia signed a treaty with Russia.� Poland
was partitioned, with Prussia obtaining Danzig, Thorn, Posen, and most of Great
Poland.� Russia received Minsk, Pinsk,
and the frontier on the Zbrucz.� Austria
received promises of help in re-conquering Belgium, as well as some Polish
territories.
21/1/1793.
Monday (-55,623)
(1)
The county of Nice was annexed to France. Monaco was annexed to France on
14/2/1792.
(2) Louis
XVI, King of France since 1774, was executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution, Paris, convicted of
treason. The executioner was called Sanson. His trial had ended with the death
sentence on 19/1/1793. See 16/10/1793.
20/1/1793, Sunday (-55,624) Louis
Michel le Peletier, French politician, was assassinated (born 29/5/1760).
19/1/1793, Saturday (-55,625) Carl
Gottling, German scholarly writer, was born (died 20/1/1869).
13/1/1793, Sunday (-55,631) (France)
Nicolas Bassville, French politician, died (born in Abbeville 7/2/1753).
9/1/1793, Wednesday (-55,635)
Jean Pierre Blanchard made the first ascent in a balloon in America, near
Woodbury, New Jersey.
3/1/1793, Thursday (-55,941) Lucretia Mott, US campaigner against
slavery, was born (died 11/11/1880).
1/1/1793, Tuesday (-55,643) Sir Francis Head, English writer, was born
(died 20/7/1875).
=====================================================================================
26/12/1792, Wednesday (-55,649) (Mathematics)
Charles Babbage was born in Teignmouth, Devon (died 18/10/1871 in London).
20/12/1792, Thursday (-55,655) Nicolas Charlet, French painter, was born
(died 30/10/1845).
18/12/1792, Tuesday (-55,657)
Thomas Paine was tried in absentia for publishing The Rights of Man.
16/12/1792, Sunday (-55,659) Abbott Lawrence, US statesman, was born (died
18/8/1855).
12/12/1792, Wednesday (-55,663) In Vienna, Ludwig van Beethoven aged 22
receive dhis frist lesson on music composition, from Franz Joeph Haydn.
8/12/1792, Saturday (-55,667) Henry Laurens, US statesman, died (born
24/2/1724).
5/12/1792, Wednesday (-55,670)
George Washington was re-elected
President of the USA.
====================================================================================
29/11/1792, Thursday (-55,676) David
Hailes, Scottish historical writer, died (born 28/10/1726).
28/11/1792, Wednesday (-55,677)
Victor Cousin, French philosophical writer, was born (died 13/1/1867).
19/11/1792, Monday (-55,686) The new French Republican Government offered
to help any other nation that wished to overthrow its monarchy; Britain saw
this as provocative.
12/11/1792, Monday (-55,693) (Astronomy)
Jean Bailly,� astronomer, was guillotined
12/11/1793 (born 15/9/1736).
6/11/1792, Tuesday (-55,699) (Benelux,
France)
The French under General Dumouriez
decisively defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Jenappes, Belgium. As a result of this battle, the
Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium) were annexed by revolutionary France.
===================================================================================
28/10/1792, Sunday (-55,708) John Smeaton, English civil
engineer who designed the third Eddystone Lighthouse, died.
27/10/1792, Saturday (-55,709) France invaded the Spanish
Netherlands.
20/10/1792, Saturday (-55,716) Colin Clyde, British soldier, was born
(died 14/8/1863).
17/10/1792, Wednesday (-55,719) Sir John Bowring, writer, was born in
Exeter (died near Exeter 23/11/1872).
13/10/1792, Saturday (-55,723) The
cornerstone of the US President�s official residence, The White House in
Washington DC, designed by James Hoban, was laid.
7/10/1792, Sunday (-55,729) George Mason, US statesman, died.
1/10/1792, Monday (-55,735) Money Orders came into use in
Britain.
===================================================================================
30/9/1792, Sunday (-55,736) French troops took Speyer, in
the Rhineland.
29/9/1792, Saturday (-55,737) The Theatre Royal, Dumfries,
was founded.
25/9/1792, Tuesday (-55,741)
Jacques
Cazotte, French author died (born 17/10/1719).
22/9/1792, Saturday (-55,744) This day was declared the
beginning of Year One of the New French Republic. A new �Revolutionary
Calendar� was introduced, consisting of 12 30-day months divided into 3 10-day
weeks. The months were given names corresponding to the prevailing weather or
harvest conditions. An extra 5 days (6 in leap years) were added as holidays at
the end of each year. This calendar ran in France until it was abolished in
1805 by Napoleon I.
21/9/1792, Friday (-55,745) France formally abolished the monarchy and declared itself a Republic.
20/9/1792, Thursday (-55,746) The Battle of Valmy.� The
Prussians failed to successfully attack the French, in wet marshy conditions,
and retreated; the French considered it a victory.
17/9/1792, Monday (-55,749)
The French Crown jewels were stolen in Paris.
13/9/1792, Thursday (-55,753) Gino Capponi, Italian historical writer,
was born (died 3/2/1876).
5/9/1792, Wednesday (-55,761) (Geology)
Ours Dufrenoy, French geologist, was born (died 20/3/1857).
2/9/1792, Sunday (-55,764) Rumours
spread in Paris that imprisoned Royalists were planning a counter-revolution.
This day mobs attacked prisoners being transferred between jails in Paris, and
the killing then spread to numerous provicvial prisons. Some 1,200 prisoners
were killed in 5 days.
1/9/1792, Saturday (-55,765)
Chester Harding, US portrait painter, was born (died 1/4/1866).
=====================================================================================
31/8/1792, Friday (-55,766) (Universities) Wilbur Fisk, 1st
president of the Wesleyan University, Connecticut, USA, from its founding in
1831, was born (died 22/2/1839).
22/8/1792, Wednesday (-55,775)
French forces landed in Ireland.
20/8/1792, Monday (-55,777) The
Prussian army took Verdun.
19/8/1792, Sunday (-55,778) The French Revolutionary Tribunals were set up. They were created to try �political offenders�, but soon became a
convenient means to bypass the regular Court system for anyone troublesome.
The Revolutionary tribunal of Paris sentenced to
death 2,639 people, and other Revolutionary Courts condemned a further 17,000.
There were a further 40,000 victims, who died in summary mass executions across
France. The Revolutionary Tribunals were
finally abolished in May 1795.
18/8/1792, Saturday (-55,779) Earl
Lord John Russell, British statesman, was born.
14/8/1792, Tuesday (-55,783)
John Bigsby, English geologist, was born in Nottingham (died in London 10/2/1881).
11/8/1792, Saturday (-55,786)
Robespierre was elected to the Commune (French Revolutionary Government).
10/8/1792, Friday (-55,787) The French mob invaded the
Palace of Versailles. The French Royal Family was
imprisoned. Napoleon
participated in the assault on the Tuileries Palace.�
9/8/1792, Thursday (-55,788)
Alvan Fisher, US portrait painter, was born (died 16/2/1863).
7/8/1792, Tuesday (-55,790)
6/8/1792, Monday (-55,791)
Matthew Hill, English prison reformer, was born (died 7/6/1872).
5/8/1792, Sunday (-55,792) Lord North, British
Conservative and Prime Minister from 1770-82, died. His indecision led to
Britain�s loss of its North American colonies.
4/8/1792, Saturday (-55,793) (1) John Burgoyne, British General
who had to surrender at Saratoga in 1777 in the War of American Independence to
American General Gates, died.
(2) Percy Bysshe Shelley was born at Warnham.
3/8/1792, Friday (-55,794) Sir
Richard Arkwright, English inventor who developed a mechanical cotton spinning
process, died.
======================================================================================
29/7/1792, Sunday (-55,799) Rene Maupeou, Chancellor of France, died (born
25/2/1714).
18/7/1792, Wednesday (-55,810) John Jones, US naval� officer, died (born 6/7/1747).
16/7/1792, Monday (-55,812) Sir Thomas Mitchell, Scottish explorer of
Australia, was born (died 5/10/1855).
14/7/1792, �Saturday (-55,814) The Prussians threatened to invade France to restore the French monarchy.
However an attempted Prussian invasion of France failed.
10/7/1792, Tuesday (-55,818) George Dallas, US statesman, was born
(died 1/12/1864).
3/7/1792, Tuesday (-55,825) Ferdinand, Prussian General, died (born
12/1/1721).
======================================================================================
21/6/1792, Thursday (-55,837) (Christian)
Ferdinand Baur, theologian, was born in Schmiden (died 1860).
16/6/1792, Saturday (-55,642) John Linnell, English painter, was born
(died 20/1/1882).
4/6/1792, Monday (-55,854) (Britain) John Burgoyne, English General, died
(born 1722).
3/6/1792, Sunday (-55,855) State
Street Bank, Boston, USA, was founded when Governor John Hancock signed the
Bank�s Charter.
1/6/1792, Friday (-55,857) Kentucky
became the 15th State of the Union.
=====================================================================================
24/5/1792, Thursday (-55,865) Thomas Hogg, English writer, was born
(died 27/8/1862).
18/5/1792, Friday (-55,871) Russian troops invaded
Poland.
17/5/1792, Thursday (-55,872) 24 merchants met in Wall
Street, New York, to set up the New
York Stock Exchange.
15/5/1792, Tuesday (-55,874)
13/5/1792, Sunday (-55,876) Pope Pius IX was born.
12/5/1792, Saturday (-55,877) A
toilet that regularly flushed itself was patented.
5/5/1792, Saturday (-55,884)
===================================================================================
25/4/1792, Wednesday (-55,894) The guillotine was first
erected in Paris, at the Place de la Greve. It was first used to behead
a highwayman called Pelletier. The
guillotine had been designed to make executions more humane but swiftly became
a symbol of the tyranny of the French Revolution. Beheading took less
than half a second. In fact a version of the guillotine was in use in Ireland
as early as 1307. During the French Revolution an estimated 40,000 people were
guillotined. The last public execution in France was on 17/6/1939 and the guillotine
was last officially used in France on 10/9/1977. See 20/3/1792.
24/4/1792, Tuesday (-55,895) Claude Rouget de l�Isle
composed the French National Anthem, the Marseillaise.
20/4/1792, Friday (-55,899) France
declared war on Austria. Austria was allied with Prussia but there was
disunity between the two commanders. In
1793 England and Holland joined in against France, which was attempting to
annex Belgium, an Austrian possession. Ultimately Austria received
Bavaria as a compensation for Belgium going to France.
14/4/1792, Saturday (-55,905) Maximlian Hell, astronomer, died.
12/4/1792, Thursday (-55,907) John Durham, English statesman, was born
(died 28/7/1840).
8/4/1792, Sunday (-55,911) Easter Sunday.
5/4/1792, Thursday (-55,914) Hew Ainslie, Scottish poet (died 1878)
was born.
2/4/1792. Monday (-55,917) The Mint of the United States was established
at Philadelphia, then the national capital.� The US mint struck its first silver dollars.
====================================================================================
29/3/1792, Thursday (-55,921)
King Gustavus III of Sweden died, aged 46. He was succeeded by his son, 13-year
old Gustavus IV.
27/3/1792, Tuesday (-55,923) August Hahn, German religious writer, was
born (died 13/5/1863).
20/3/1792, Tuesday (-55,930)
The French legislature approved the use of the guillotine, see 25/4/1792.
16/3/1792, Friday (-55,934) (1) Tippoo Sahib, Indian Sultan who was resisting
the advance of the British East India Company into Mysore, surrendered. Tippoo
had studied British military tactics and so was able to resist General Charles
Cornwallis for longer than other Indian rulers.
(2) Gustavus III, King of Sweden, was shot at a masked
ball; he died on 29/3/1792.
11/3/1792, Sunday (-55,939) Hundreds of freed African slaves
gathered beneath a 300-year-old cotton tree to celebrate the founding of
Freetown, Sierra Leone. The tree had begun growing about the time slave
shipments first began out of Africa.
10/3/1792, Saturday (-55,940) (Britain) John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, died
(born 25/5/1713).
7/3/1792, Wednesday (-55,943)
Sir John Herschel, the astronomer who mapped the stars of the southern
hemisphere, was born in Slough.
3/3/1792, Saturday (-55,947) Johann Gieseler, German church history
writer, was born (died 8/7/1854).
1/3/1792, Thursday (-55,949) Leopold III, Holy Roman
Emperor, died unexpectedly, aged 44. He was succeeded by his 24-year old son,
Francis, last of the Holy Roman Emperors.
=====================================================================================
29/2/1792, Wednesday (-55,950) Gioacchino Rossini, Italian
composer, was born in Pesano, on the Adriatic coast. He was the son of an
itinerant horn player.
28/2/1792, Tuesday (-55,951) (Biology)
Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer was born in Peip, Estonia, In 1827 he
reported his discovery that humans and other mammals developed from internal
eggs.
27/2/1792, Monday (-55,952)
George Cruikshank, English artist, was born (died 1/2/1878).
23/2/1792, Thursday (-55,956) Joshua Reynolds, English portrait
painter, died in London.
20/2/1792, Monday (-55,959) The
Battle of Valmy. French Revolutionary forces successfully drove back an
invading Prussian force. This greatly boosted French Revolutionary morale.
19/2/1792, Sunday (-55,960) (Geology)
Geologist Roderick Impey Murchison was born in Tarradale, Scotland. He was the
first to identify the Silurian Period, in 1835.
10/2/1792, Friday (-55,969) Earthquake in Hizen and Higo, Japan, 15,000
killed.
7/2/1792, Tuesday (-55,972)
Austria and Prussia signed a military alliance against France.
4/2/1792, Saturday (-55,975) (Race
Equality) Anti-slavery campaigner James Birney was born in Danville,
Kentucky (died in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, 25/11/1857).
3/2/1792, Friday (-55,976) Guiseppe
Cerutti, Italian politician, died (born 13/6/1738).
===================================================================================
24/1/1792, Tuesday (-55,986)
In Paris, five days of looting ended in
a riot as the cost of living soared.
17/1/1792, Tuesday (-55,993) George Horne, English writer, died (born
1/11/1730).
9/1/1792, Monday (-56,001) Russia and Turkey signed the
Peace of Jassy.
8/1/1792, Sunday (-56,002) The Ottoman Turks bowed to
the inevitable and accepted Catherine the Great�s Russian sovereignty over
Georgia. Britain feared further Russian expansion in the Black Sea as this could
threaten British Mediterranean interests.
7/1/1792, Saturday (-56,003)
Severino Fabriani, Italian writer, was born (died 27/4/1849).
======================================================================================
19/12/1791, Monday (-56,022) Johann Doderlein, German scholarly writer,
was born (died 9/11/1863).
15/12/1791, Thursday (-56,026) (USA)
The US Bill of Rights was ratified by all the states, Virginia being the last
State to sign. The US passed the First Amendment which protected free speech,
freedom of the press, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and freedom to
petition the Government.
12/12/1791, Monday (-56,029) Marie Louise, 2nd wife of
Napoleon I, was born (died 18/12/1847).
5/12/1791, Monday (-56,036) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
Austrian composer, died of typhus in Vienna and was buried in the common ground
of St Mark�s churchyard.
4/12/1791, Sunday (-56,037) The Observer, the oldest Sunday newspaper in the UK, was first
published.
======================================================================================
21/11/1791, Monday (-56,050) The
French navigator, Eteinne Marchand, set
a new record for crossing the
Pacific Ocean, completing the voyage in 60 days.
12/11/1791, Saturday (-56,059) Johann Engelhardt, German religious writer,
was born (died 13/9/1855).
10/11/1791, Thursday (-56,061) Robert Hayne, US politician, was born
(died 24/9/1839).
4/11/1791, Saturday (-56,066) Indigenous Americans under Chief Little
Turtle (1752-1812) ,made a surprise attack on Arthur St C;lair�s forces (see
3/10/1791), killing over half of them and forcing the survivors to make a
humiliating retreat. An investigation by Congress blamed the inexperience of
the soldiers.
=====================================================================================
29/10/1791, Saturday (-56,073) John Elliotson, English physician, was born
(died 29//7/1868).
14/10/1791, Friday (-56,088) In
Belfast, the Society of United Irishmen was set up to demand rights for
Catholics.
3/10/1791, Monday (-56,099) Arthur St Clair, (1736-1818) set out to
subdue the indigenous Americans of the Northwest territory, an earlier mission
by Josaih Harmar (1753-1813) having failed to accomplish this. See 4/11/1791.
1/10/1791, Saturday (-56,101) In France,
first session of the Legislative Assembly.
======================================================================================
30/9/1791, Friday (-56,102)
Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart premiereed his opera, The Magic
Flute. Unfortunately he died 2 months later so did not live to see its great
success.
27/9/1791, Tuesday (-56,105)
France granted citizenship to its Jews.
24/9/1791, Saturday (-36,108) Friedrich
Forster, German historical writer, was born (died 8/11/1868).
23/9/1791, Friday (-56,109)
Johann Encke, German astronomer, was born (died 26/8/1865).
22/9/1791, Thursday (-56,110) Chemist and physicist Michael Faraday was born at Newington
Butts, London.� He was the son of a
blacksmith.
21/9/1791, Wednesday (-56,111)
The
National Assembly announced that France was now officially a Republic.
20/9/1791, Tuesday (-56,112)
Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (died 30/4/1859) was born.
19/9/1791, Monday (-56,113) (France)
Camille Barrot, French politician, was born in Villefort, Lozere (died in
Bougival 6/8/1873).
17/9/1791, Saturday (-56,115) Tomas de Iriarte, Spanish poet, died (born
18/9/1750).
14/9/1791, Wednesday (-56,118) Franz Bopp, German scholarly writer, was
born in Mainz (died 23/10/1867).
9/9/1791, Friday (-56,123) French Royalists took control of Arles and
barricaded themselves inside the town.
6/9/1791, Tuesday (-56,126)
Mozart�s opera La Clemenza di Tito prermiered in Prague.
5/9/1791, Monday (-56,127)
Giacomo Meyebeer, German composer, was born (died 2/5/1863).
4/9/1791, Sunday (-56,128) King Louis XVI was forced to
approve the new French constitution, making him a mere civil servant.
=====================================================================================
27/8/1791, Saturday (-56,136)
European monarchs backed King Louis XVI against the Revolution.
25/8/1791, Thursday (-56,138)
Christian Bunsen, German scholarly writer, was born (died 28/11/1860).
24/8/1791, Wednesday (-56,139)
Gottfried Lucke, German religious writer, was born (died 4/2/1855).
15/8/1791, Monday (-56,148) Duff Green, US politician, was born (died
10/6/1875).
12/8/1791, Friday (-56,151) African
slaves in Santo Domingo, in the east of the island of Hispaniola, rebelled
against plantation owners.
====================================================================================
28/7/1791, Thursday (-56,166) Jean Gannal, French chemist, was born
(died 1/1852).
23/7/1792, Saturday (-56,171) The Polish King, faced by a political
division and disintegration of his country, abdicated. Katherine the Great of
Russia, also alarmed by the French revolution, now enforced a second partition
on Poland.
See map at https://etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/7400/7471/7471.htm
20/7/1791, Wednesday (-56,174) Tommaso Grossi, Lombard poet and
novelist, was born (died 10/12/1853).
16/7/1791, Saturday (-56,178)
Louis XVI was suspended from office until he agreed to ratify the new French
Constitution.
14/7/1791, Thursday (-56,180) In
Birmingham, England, rioters destroyed the home and labarotory of Joseph
Priestley, who discovered oxygen, because he supported the French Revolution.
In 1794 Priestley left Britain for America.
13/7/1791, Wednesday (-56,181) William
Betty, English actor, was born in Shrewsbury (died 24/8/1874).
9/7/1791, Saturday (-56,185) Friedrich Ebert, German writer, was born
(died 13/11/1834).
7/7/1791, Thursday (-56,187) Thomas Blacklock, Scottish poet, died
(born in Dumfriesshire 1721).
5/7/1791, Tuesday (-56,189)
The first British Ambassador to the US, George Hammonds, was appointed.
====================================================================================
27/6/1791, Monday (-52,197) Johann Merck, German author, died (born
11/4/1741).
21/6/1791, Tuesday (-52,203) (1)
The French royal family attempted to flee Paris in disguise but were forced to
return after being arrested at Varennes. The King, disguised as a valet, intended to meet supporters at Pont de
Sommeville but they were delayed and the villagers got suspicious of the
soldiers, who had to hide in the woods and�
got lost. The King pressed on to Varennes, 142 miles from Paris, where
he was recognised by a horseman sent by Lafayette, head of the National Guard,
to look for him. Louis� powers were suspended by the Assembly on 25/6/1791.
However Louis� brother, the Count of Provence, did succeed in fleeing Paris for
Brussels.
(2) The Ordnance Survey, Britain�s
mapping service, was created. On this day a payment of �373, 14 shillings was made to
Jesse Ramsden for the construction of a �great theodolite�, 3 feet in diameter
and weighing 200 pounds (90 kilogrammes) for the purpose of making precise
military maps of Britain. The need for this had been foreseen in 1763 by
William Roy, amidst fears of invasion from France and a lack of reliable maps
for the military. By 1784 UK-France relations had improved and cross-Channel
efforts were being made to establish the longitude and latitude of Greenwich
and Paris. In 1800 the first cartographical unit of the British Army, the Corps
of Royal Military Draughtsmen, was formed, based at the Tower of London.
20/6/1791, Monday (-52,204) Karl
Dahlgreen, Swedish poet, was born (died 1/5/1844).
17/6/1791, Friday (-52,207) (Britain) Selina Huntingdon, English
religious leader, died (born 24/8/1707).
12/6/1791, Sunday (-52,212) Francis Grose, English antoiquarian writer,
died.
10/6/1791, Friday (-52,214) Wenceslaus Hanka, Bohemiam scholarlywriter,
was born (died 12/1/1861).
5/6/1791, Sunday (-56,219) Sir Frederick Haldimand, British General,
died (born 11/8/1718).
===================================================================================
26/5/1791, Thursday (-56,229)
The French Assembly forced Louis XVI to hand over the State and Crown assets.
21/5/1791, Saturday (-56,234) Jean Buchon, French scholarly writer, was
born (died 29/8/1849).
3/5/1791, Tuesday
(-56,252) Poles, seeking the rebirth
of their country, declared a parliamentary constitution in Warsaw. Before this
date the Polish aristocracy could block the adoption of any measure into the
Diet (Parliament) by a single vote. Therefore there was no taxation on the
nobility, the Treasury was empty, the monarch was powerless, and Poland had
limited representation abroad. Russia, alarmed, sent an army against Poland.
The Sjem backed down.
====================================================================================
27/4/1791, Wednesday (-56,258)
Samuel Morse, inventor of the
Morse Code, was born in
Charlestown, Massachusetts.
24/4/1791, Sunday (-56,261) Easter
Sunday.
23/4/1791, Saturday (-56,262) James Buchanan, Democrat and
15th US President, was born in Stony Batter near Mercersburg,
Pennsylvania, the son of a farmer.
18/4/1791. Monday (-56,267) National Guardsmen prevented Louis XVI and
his family from leaving Paris. On 26/4/1791 Louis XVI was forced to hand
over all the assets of the Crown to the State.
13/4/1791, Wednesday (-56,272) Pope Pius VI threatened to
suspend all priests in France who have sworn allegiance to the State (see
13/1/1791) unless they recanted within 40 days.
12/4/1791, Tuesday (-56,273)
Francis Blair, US journalist, was born in Abingdon, Virginia (died in Silver
Spring, Maryland, 27/7/1883).
7/4/1791, Thursday (-56,278) Selim III (1761-1808) became Sultan of
Ottoman Turkey.
2/4/1791, Saturday (-56,283) Death
of Count de Mirabeau, a moderate leader of the French Revolution.
1/4/1791, Friday (-56,284) (Electricity) Sir William Harris, electrical
scientist, born (died 22/1/1867).
===================================================================================
30/3/1791, Wednesday (-56,286) (Metrology)
The metric system of measurements was proposed in France.
19/3/1791, Saturday (-56,297) French and English speaking
settlers in Canada were granted equal rights.
18/3/1791, Friday (-56,298) Edward
Hatherton, English politician, was born (died 4/5/1863).
15/3/1791, Tuesday (-56,301) Charles Knight, English author, was born
(died 9/3/1873).
4/3/1791, Friday (-56,312) Vermont
became the 14th state of the USA.
2/3/1791, Wednesday (-56,314)
(1)
The world�s first optical telegraph, or semaphore machine, was unveiled in
Paris.
(2) John
Wesley, founder of Methodism, died in London aged 87.� He was born on 17/6/1703 at Epworth
Rectory.� His brother Charles Wesley, a hymn writer and preacher,
was born on 18/12/1707 and died in 1788.
=====================================================================================
21/2/1791, Monday (-56,323) Karl
Czerny, Austrian composer, was born (died 15/7/1857).
20/2/1791, Sunday (-56,324) Emile
Deschamps, French poet, was born (died 29/10/1869).
12/2/1791, Saturday (-56,332) (Innovation)
Peter Cooper, US inventor, was born (died 4/4/1883).
====================================================================================
28/1/1791, Friday (-50,347) Louis Herold, French musician, was born
(died 18/1/1833).
15/1/1791, Saturday (-56,360) Franz Grillparzer, Austrian poet, was born
(died 21/1/1872).
13/1/1791, Thursday (-56,362) The French Assembly introduced a
universal tax� on rent and property
values. The requirement for French priests to swear allegiance to the State
stirred up rebellion amongst the clergy.
11/2/1791, Tuesday (-56,364)
Alexander Mavrocordato, Greek statesman, was born (died 18/8/1865).
3/1/1791, Monday (-56,372) George Rennie, English civil engineer, was
born in Surrey.
===================================================================================
23/12/1790, Thursday (-56,383) (Egypt) Jean Champollion, French Egyptologist, was
born (died 1832).
22/12/1790, Wednesday (-56.384)
(Turkey) Russian Field-Marshal Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov captured
the Ottoman fortress of Ismail, at the mouth of the Danube.
21/12/1790, Tuesday (-56,385) American industrialist Samuel
Slater opened the first cotton mill in the USA. The mill had 250 spindles and
was powered by water, using a child labour force. Slater had been apprenticed
to William Arkwright, from whom he learnt the textiles trade.
18/12/1790, Saturday (-56,388) Robert Cranworth, Lord Chancellor of
England, was born (died 26/7/1868).
16/12/1790, Thursday (-56,390)
Leopold I, King of the Belgians, was born.
10/12/1790, Friday (-56,396) Jakob Fallmerayer, German historical
writer, was born (died 26/4/1861).
8/12/1790, Wednesday (-56,398) (Britain)
Richard Carlile, English radical, was born (died 10/2/1843).
2/12/1790, Thursday (-56,404) Austrian forces reconquered Belgium,
restoring it as the Austrian Netherlands.
=====================================================================================
27/11/1790, Saturday (-56,409) Clergy in France were now required to take
an oath drawn up by the National Assembly, to support the civil Constitution.
24/11/1790, Wednesday (-56,412) Robert Henry, British historical writer,
died (born 18/2/1718).
22/11/1790, Monday (-56,414)
Georg Maurer, German historical writer, was born (died 9/5/1872).
21/11/1790, Sunday (-56,415) Edmund
Lyons, British Admiral, was born (died 23/11/1858).
17/11/1790, Wednesday (-56,419) August Mobius, German mathematician, was
born (died 26/9/1868).
4/11/1790, Thursday (-56,432) Carlos Antonio Lopez, dictator of
Paraguay 1840-62, was born.
=====================================================================================
31/10/1790, Sunday (-56,436) John Edwin, English actor, died (born
10/8/1749).
29/10/1790, Friday (-56,438) (Education-Schools) Friedrich Diesterweg,
German educationalist, was born (died 7/7/1866).
28/10/1790, Thursday (-56,439)
The Nootka Sound Convention, between Britain and Spain. Spain, claiming the
entire Pacific coastline of North America, had seized four British ships at
Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, Canada. Britain disputed the Spanish claim
because Spain had not actually settled the coastline it claimed; at the
Convention, Spain backed down, opening up the area to British settlement.
27/10/1790, Wednesday (-56,440) France adopted the decimal system of weights and measures.
21/10/1790, Thursday (-56,446) Alphonse Lamartine, French poet and
writer, was born (died 28/2/1869).
10/10/1790, Sunday (-56,457) (Alcohol) Theobald Mathew, Irish Temperance
preacher, was born (died 8/12/1856).
6/10/1790, Wednesday (-56,461) (Germany)
Leopold was crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfort.
3/10/1790, Sunday (-56,464) John Ross, Cherokee Chief, was born.
===================================================================================
28/9/1790, Tuesday (-56,469) (Hungary)
Prince Miklos Josef Esterhazy (born 1714) died.
18/9/1790, Saturday (-56,479) US President George Washington laid the
foundation stone of the Capitol Building; the official founding of Washington
DC.
10/9/1790, Friday (-56,487) In France, Jacques Necker resigned as
Director-general of finance, and effectoively, Prime Minister.
8/9/1790, Wednesday (-56,489) (Britain)
Edward Ellenborough, English politician, was born (died 22/12/1871).
2/9/1790, Thurdsay (-56,495) Johann Hontheim, German historical
writer, died (born 27/1/1701).
=====================================================================================
31/8/1790, Tuesday (-56,497) A
nutiny within the French Chateauvieux Regiment was suppressed with the approval
of the National Constitutional Assembly in Nancy.
30/8/1790, Monday (-56,498)
Christian Fahlcrantz, Swedish author, was born (died 6/8/1866).
25/8/1790, Wednesday (-56,503) Francois Gaussen, Swiss religious
writer, was born (died 18/6/1863).
22/8/1790, Sunday (-56,506) Francois Forster, French engraver, was born
(died 27/6/1872).
14/8/1790, Saturday (-56,514)) (Russia, Sweden) The Treaty of Verela
ended the Swedish-Russian War, with no significant territorial changes.
8/8/1790, Sunday (-56,520) Ferencz
Kolcsey, Hungarian poet, was born (died 24/8/1838).
7/8/1790, Saturday (-56,521) Alexander McGillivray, chief
of the Muskogian Indians, signed a treaty of peace and friendship with
President Washington.
1/8/1790, Sunday (-56,527) The
first census in the USA revealed a population of nearly 4 million.
=====================================================================================
28/7/1790, Wednesday (-56,531) The Forth and Clyde Canal
opened.
27/7/1790, Tuesday (-56,532) In
the Treaty of Reichenbach, Russia, Prussia, Britain and the Dutch republic
agreed that Austria could reconquer Belgium, formerly the Austrian Netherlands,
which had been in a state of revolt since 1789.
25/7/1790, Sunday (-56,534) (Education-Schools)
Johann Basedow, German educational reformer, died in Magdeburg (born in Hamburg
11/9/1723).
22/7/1790, Thursday (-56,537)
In France, the clergy were removed from the control of Rome, and Church
property was nationalised.
17/7/1790, Saturday (-56,542) (1) The economist Adam Smith, who wrote The Wealth of
Nations, died in Edinburgh aged 67.
(2) The sewing
machine was patented by Thomas Saint, a cabinet maker of Greenhill
Rents, St Sepulchre parish, London.
16/7/1790, Friday (-56,543) Washington DC was established
as the seat of US Federal government.
14/7/1790, Wednesday (-56,545) A large rally, the Fete de la
Federation, was held in te Champ de Mars, Paris, on the 1st
anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. King Louis XIV accepted a new
Constitution drawn up by the National Assembly.
12/7/1790, Monday (-50,547) (France)
Reform of the French clergy, who must now be elected.
11/7/1790, Sunday (-56,548) William Wordsworth and his
friend Robert Jones set off on a walking tour of France and Switzerland.
10/7/1790, Saturday (-56,549)
8/7/1790, Thursday (-56,551)
Fitz-Greene Halleck, US poet, was born (died 19/11/1867).
7/7/1790, Wednesday (-56,552) Francois
Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosophical writer, died (birn 27/12/1721).
4/7/1790, Sunday (-56,555) (Cartography)
Sir George Everest, British surveyor of India, was born (died 1/12/1866).
=====================================================================================
19/6/1790, Saturday (-56,570) The
French Assembly passed a law abolishing the hereditary nobility.
15/6/1790, Tuesday (-56,574)
French Protestant militia massacred 300 Roman Catholics.
9/6/1790, Wednesday (-56,580) The Philadelphia
Spelling Book, by John Barry, became the first book to be copyrighted in
the USA.
5/6/1790, Saturday (-56,584)
Burning at the stake was officially abolished as a form of capital punishment
in Britain; see 18/3/1789.
===================================================================================
29/5/1790, Saturday (-56,591) Rhode
Island became the 13th State of the Union; it is the smallest State
in the USA.
23/5/1790, Sunday (-56,597) (France)
Jules Dumont, French navigator, was born (died 8/5/1842).
21/5/1790, Friday (-56,599) Thomas Warton, Poet Laureate of England
1785-90, died in Oxford aged 62.
12/5/1790, Wednesday (-56,608) Johannes Hauch, Danish poet, was born
(died 1872).
8/5/1790, Saturday (-56,612) France began the process of metrication when
its National Assembly approved Talleyrand�s proposal for a unified system of
weights and measures.
3/5/1790, Monday (-56,617) Port Louis in Tobago was
destroyed by fire.
2/5/1790, Sunday (-56,618) Martin
Madan, English writer, died.
====================================================================================
30/4/1790, Friday (-56,620) Samuel Heinicke, German educator of the
deaf and dumb, died (born 10/4/1727).
17/4/1790. Saturday (-56,633) Benjamin Franklin died in Philadelphia, aged 84. He
invented the life-saving lightning conductor. He was determined to pursue
Puritan aims to the benefit of the common good. He also helped draft the
Declaration of Independence.
10/4/1790, Saturday (-56,640) The
US Congress inaugurated the American patent system.
4/4/1790, Sunday� (56,646) Easter
Sunday.
===================================================================================
29/3/1790, Monday (-56,652) John Tyler, American Whig and
10th President, was born in Greenway, Virginia.
28/3/1790, Sunday (-56,653) William
Hunt, English painter, was born (died 10/2/1864).
19/3/1790, Friday (-56,662) Alexander Everett, US writer, was born
(died 29/5/1847).
12/3/1790, Friday (-56,669) John Daniell, English chemist, was born
(died 13/3/1845).
8/3/1790, Monday (-56,673)
The Revolutionary French Government, despite its motto of Liberte, Egalite,
Fraternite, voted to keep slavery in its colonies.
6/3/1790, Saturday (-56,675) Joseph
Bellamy, religious writer, died (was born in Cheshire, Connecticut 20/2/1719).
5/3/1790, Friday (-56,676) Flora Mac Donald, the
Scottish Jacobite heroine who helped Prince Charles Edward (The Younger
Pretender) to escape from the island of Benbecula, died.
4/3/1790, Thursday (-56,677) (France)
The modern day French departments
were created by the National Constituent Assembly, They were drawn so as to break up older traditional historic regions,
thereby emphasising national unity, and designed so that the entire territory
of each department was within one day�s horse ride of the capital, for security.
3/3/1790, Wednesday (-56,678) (Britain)
John Austin, English jurist, was born.
====================================================================================
28/2/1790, Sunday (-56,681) John Irving became the first convict to be
freed in Australia
22/2/1790, Monday (-56,687)
French soldiers landed at Fishguard, Wales, but were soon captured.
20/2/1790, Saturday (-56,689) (Austria) Joseph II, Holy
Roman Emperor, died. His reforms had provoked rebellion in Belgium and Hungary.
He was succeeded by his brother, Archduke Leopold, the Grand Duke of Tuscany;
in July 1790 he was elected Holy Roman Emperor as Leopold II.
19/2/1790, Friday (-56,690) Thomas
Favras, French Royalist, was executed (born 26/3/1744).
11/2/1790, Thursday (-56,698) The Quakers (Society of Friends) sent a
petition to US Congress calling for the emancipation of slaves.
5/2/1790, Friday (-56,704) William Cullen, physician, died (born
15/4/1710).
1/2/1790, Monday (-56,708) The
US Supreme Court held its first meeting
=====================================================================================
30/1/1790, Saturday (-56,710) The world�s first purpose-built lifeboat
was successfully tested at South Shields, Tyneside, England. The boat, �The
Original�, went on to give 40 years� service.
26/1/1790, Tuesday (-56,714) Mozart�s opera Cosi van Tutte premiered in
Vienna.
23/1/1790, Saturday (-56,717) Fletcher
Christian and other mutineers burned The Bounty and settled on Pitcairn
Island.
21/1/1790, Thursday (-56,719) (Crime,
France)
In Paris, Dr Joseph Ignace Guillotin demonstrated to the National Assembly of
Paris a new machine for �humane� executions using a heavy blade falling on the
victim�s neck.
20/1/1790, Wednesday (-56,720) John Howard, prison reformer,
died.
19/1/1790, Tuesday (-56,721)
Daniel Atterbom, Swedish poet, was born (died 21/7/1855).
17/1/1789, Sunday (-56,723)
15/1/1790, Friday (-56,725) John
Landen, English mathematician, died.
14/1/1790, Thursday (-56,726) US
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton issued his Report on Public Credit,
calling on the Federal Government to fund the entire National Debt at face
value.
13/1/1790, Wednesday (-56,727)
Luc Urbain Guichen, French Admiral, died (born 1712).
11/1/1790, Monday (-56,729)
9/1/1790, Saturday (-56,731)
Britain Prussia and the Dutch republic agreed a common policy over Belgium,
although William Pitt the Younger, British Prime Minister, was reluctant to
recognise Belgian independence.
8/1/1790, Friday (-56,732) George Washington gave the
first State of the Union Address.
1/1/1790, Friday (-56,739)
====================================================================================
29/12/1789, Tuesday (-56,742)
Tippu Sultan of Mysore attacked the territories of the Rajah of Travancore.
28/12/1789, Monday (-56,743)
Thomas Ewing, US politician, was born (died 26/10/1871).
23/12/1789, Wednesday (-56,748) (Medical)
Charles Epee, who did much for the deaf-mute, died (born 25/11/1712).
21/12/1789, Monday (-56,750) Assignats (paper money) was issued in
France on the authority of the National Assembly.
13/12/1789, Sunday (-56,758) The Austrian Netherlands declared their
independence as �The United States of Belgium�.
===================================================================================
26/11/1789, Thursday
(-56,775) Thanksgiving was celebrated across America for the first time.� In
1621 the native Americans had taught early Plymouth settlers how to tap the
maple trees for sap and how to plant the Indian corn. The harvest was very
successful and the Pilgrims found they had enough food to see them through the
winter. The Pilgrim Governor William Bradford proclaimed a Day of Thanksgiving
to be shared by all colonists and invited the Indians to join them for three
days. During the American Revolution of the late 1770s, a Day of National
Thanksgiving was suggested by the Continental Congress and was celebrated
nationwide in 1789. Since then each President has issued a Thanksgiving Day
proclamation, usually designating the fourth Thursday in November as the
holiday.
21/11/1789, Saturday (-56,780) North
Carolina became the 12th State of the Union.
12/11/1789, Thursday (-56,789)
Jacob Geel, Dutch writer, was born (died 11/11/1862).
11/11/1789, Wednesday (-56,790) (USA)
William Meade, US Bishop, was born (died 14/3/1862).
7/11/1789, Saturday (-56,794) The French National Assembly forbade any
member to accept office under King Louis XIV.
2/11/1789, Monday (-56,799) French revolutionaries seized Church
property with a view to selling it off.
===================================================================================
21/10/1789, Wednesday (-56,811)
�Martial law was imposed in Paris after a
baker was killed by the mob, accused of hoarding bread.
6/10/1789, Tuesday (-56,826)
Austrian forces under General Gideon von Lauden took Belgrade form the Ottoman
Turks.
5/10/1789, Monday (-56,827) Parisian women, frustrated by
bread shortages, marched on Versailles to demand the King move to Paris, where
he could be monitored more closely.
===================================================================================
28/9/1789, Sunday (-56,834) Thomas Day, British author, died (born
22/6/1748).
23/9/1789, Tuesday (-56,839) Silas
Deane, US diplomat, died (born 24/12/1737).
22/9/1789, Monday (-56,840) Austrian
and Russian troops under Francis Duke of Coburg and Count Alexander Vasilyevich
Suvorov defeated the Ottoman Turks at Martinesci, on the River rymnik in
Moldova.
17/9/1789, Wednesday (-56,845) Herschel, using a large 40-ft
focal length reflector telescope,� first
observed Saturn�s satellite, Mimas. Saturn was now known to have seven
satellites.
15/9/1789, Monday (-56,847) James Cooper, US novelist, was born (died
14/9/1851).
4/9/1789, Thursday (-56,858) Charles Gaudichaud, French botanist, was
born (died 16/1/1854).
2/9/1789, Tuesday (-56,860) The
US Department of the Treasury was established.
1/9/1789, Monday (-56,861)
Marguerite Blessington, Irish novelist, was born in County Tipperary (died in
Paris 4/6/1849).
====================================================================================
29/8/1789, Saturday (-56,864)
28/8/1789, Friday (-56,865) Astronomer
William Herschel first observed Saturn�s satellite, Enceladus.
27/8/1789, Thursday (-56,866) The new French regime (French National Assembly) drew up the Declaration
of the Rights of Man and of Citizen.
26/8/1789. Wednesday (-56,867) Miners in the Pyrenees
protested against their working conditions.
24/8/1789, Monday (-56,869) The Russian Navy destroyed the Swedish
fleet in the Gulf of Finland.
21/8/1789, Friday (-56,872) Augustin Cauchy, mathematician, was born
(died 23/5/1857).
7/8/1789, Friday (-56,886) US
Congress created the War Department. Henry Knox became the first Secretary for
War.
6/8/1789, Thursday (-56,887)
Friedrich List, German economics writer, was born (died 30/11/1846).
4/8/1789, Tuesday (-56,889)
The feudal system was abolished in France.
Peasants attacked their landlords. This �surrender of feudal privileges� by the
nobility was in fact something of a sham, in that by sacrificing some less
significant peasant obligations they hoped to retain the most significant ones.
=====================================================================================
31/7/1789, Friday (-56,893) (Turkey) Austrian and Russian troops under
Francis Duke of Coburg and Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov defeated the
Ottoman Turks at Fokshany (now, Focsani, Romania).
27/7/1789, Monday (-56,897)
Thomas Jefferson was made head of the new US Department of Foreign Affairs.
22/7/1789, Wednesday (-56,902)
A revolutionary mob murdered the Bailiff of Paris.
19/7/1789, Sunday (-56,905) John Martin, English painter, was born (died
17/2/1854).
15/7/1789, Wednesday (-56,909) The
Commune de Paris was formed and appointed Jean Bailly as its head. It set up
the National Guard under the Marquis de Lafayette, and was responsible for
municipal administration.
14/7/1789. Tuesday
(-56,910) (France) Fall of
the Bastille, Paris. It was stormed by the
citizens of Paris and burned to the ground, at the start of the French
Revolution. From 16/7/1789 the French nobility began to flee France. The
Bastille had been built in 1369, and designed by Hugues Aubriot (died 1383). At
dawn on the 14/7/1789 the mob had stormed Les Invalides, hoping to find arms to
repulse an expected attack by soldiers loyal to King Louis� XVI. They found 32,000 rifles but no
ammunition; a rumour spread that the ammunition was at the Bastille. The
Bastille was guarded by 80 soldiers deemed unfit for front-line duties,
reinforced by 30 Swiss Guards, and with cannon. Neither the prison governor nor
the army showed much will to fight the mob. Seven prisoners within were
released. In the countryside, peasants began burning the chateaux, destroying
feudal archives and asserting their freedom from manorial dues.
12/7/1789, Sunday (-56,912) (France)
Fires burnt in Paris after two days of rioting. The population were angered by
a threat to disband the Assembly.
11/7/1789, Saturday (-56,913) The Marquis de Lafayette
presented the Declaration of Human Rights to the French
National Assembly.
4/7/1789, Saturday (-56,920) US Congress passed its first Tariff Bill,
levying duties on over 30 commodities.
===================================================================================
30/6/1789, Tuesday (-56,924)
The revolutionary mob in Paris attacked the Abbaye prison.
24/6/1789, Wednesday (-56,930) Most of the clergy and nobility in the
French Parliament joined forces with the commoners.
20/6/1789, Saturday (-56,934)
The French Revolution began.� See
5/5/1798. The Third Estate, excluded from Versailles, formed a new assembly at
a tennis court nearby, to oppose the dominance of the aristocracy.
18/6/1789, Thursday (-56,936) Austrian troops occupied
Brussels.
17/6/1789, Wednesday (-56,937)
In France, the Third Estate constituted itself as the French National Assembly.
The Third Estate was the commoners, after the Clergy and the Nobility. These
last two Estates, under 3% of the population, owned 40% of the land. They were
also exempt from taxes, placing an undue
tax burden on the middle classes.
14/6/1789, Sunday (-56,940) (1) Captain Bligh, cast adrift from The Bounty
with 18 men, arrived at Timor, near Java, having sailed his small boat for
3,618 miles.
(2) A clergyman
first produced whisky distilled from maize. The Reverend Elijah Craig
called the liquor Bourbon because he lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
4/6/1789, Thursday (-56,950) The Dauphin Louis, heir to
King Louis XVI, died aged 7.
3/6/1789, Wednesday (-56,951) (Canada)
Alexander Mackenzie set out to explore the Mackenzie River by canoe from
central Canada to the Arctic Ocean.
====================================================================================
28/5/1789, Thursday (-56,057) Bernhard Ingemann, Danish poet, was born
(died 24/2/1862).
21/5/1789, Thursday (-56,064) Sir John Hawkins, English writer on
music, died (born 30/3/1719).
12/5/1789, Tuesday (-56,973)
William Wilberforce made his first speech with the House of Commons.
7/5/1789, Thursday (-56,978)
Edward Hawtrey, Headmaster of Eton from1834, was born (died 27/1/1862).
6/5/1789, Wednesday (-56,979) French
deputies of the Third Estate (the common people) refiused to meet in a separate
chamber at the Estates-General, demandning to be represented alongside the
clergy and nobility.
5/5/1789, Tuesday (-56,980)
The French King opened the States General Assembly at Versailles.� The French middle class wanted to break down
the monopoly of power and wealth held by the aristocracy.� The
French King felt insecure because of the unpopularity of his Austrian wife,
Marie Antoinette, the bankruptcy of the French Treasury, and the increasingly
democratic mood of the French Army following on from the American Declaration
of Independence. See 20/6/1789. France had also suffered humiliation in the Seven Years War
(1756-630, losing to Britain; France had lost her North American colonies, and
bad harvests in 1788 and 1789 had almost doubled
the price of bread.
====================================================================================
30/4/1789. Thursday (-56,985)
General George Washington
inaugurated as first president of the
United States, on the balcony of New York City�s federal Hall. John
Adams was installed as Vice-President (see 7/1/1789 and 17/3/1776). The United States was federated on
4/3/1789.
28/4/1789. Tuesday (-56,987)
(1)
300 workers at the Reveillon wallpaper factory were killed when troops opened
fire on rioters there. The protest was over proposed pay cuts. France had been in financial crisis for
months now, the state overburdened by an expensive aristocracy and clergy.
On 22/5/1789 the nobility joined with the clergy in giving up their financial
privileges.
(2) The
Mutiny on The Bounty. The ship�s captain, Captain
Bligh, and 17 others were set adrift in an open boat near The Friendly Isles;
they eventually reached Timor, Java, on 14/6/1789. Captain Bligh, born 1754,
died on 7/12/1817 in London . His severe discipline on board had provoked the
mutiny. The mutineers settled on Pitcairn Island.
26/4/1789, Sunday (-56,989) Robert Fox, English geologist, was born (died
25/7/1877).
12/4/1789, Sunday (-57,003) Easter Sunday.
7/4/1789, Tuesday (-57,008) (Turkey)
Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid (born 1725) died aged 64. He had succeeded his
brother Mustafa III in 1773.
3/4/1789, Friday (-57,012) King
Gustav III of Sweden passed an Act of Unbity and Security, giving him absolute
powers.
2/4/1789, Thursday (-57,013)
John Mackenzie, Scottish Jacobite, died (born 1727).
====================================================================================
18/3/1789, Wednesday (-57,028)
Catherine (Christian) Murphy (Bowman) became the last person in Britain to be
executed by burning at the stake (see 5/5/1790). She had been convicted of
�coining� (forgery), which was punished severely as a form of treason.
16/3/1789, Monday (-57,030) (Electrical)
German physicist Georg Simon Ohm was born in Erlangen. In 1827 he formulated
what became known as Ohm�s Law � that the current is proportional to the ratio
of the voltage and the resistance, or I = V/R.
12/3/1789, Thursday (-57,034)
The United States Post Office was established.
10/3/1789, Tuesday (-57,036) Francisco Martinez, Spanish dramatist, was
born (died 7/2/1862).
4/3/1789, Wednesday (-57,042)
The Constitution of the United States came into force. The first US Congress
was held in New York with 59 members, each representing a district of some
30,000 people.
1/3/1789, Sunday (-57,045) John McCulloch, British economics writer, was
born (died 11/11/1864).
===================================================================================
26/2/1789, Thursday (-57,048) Eaton Hodgkinson, British engineer, was
born (died 18/6/1861).
19/2/1789, Thursday (-57,055) (Technology)
Sir William Fairbairn, Scottish engineer, was born (died 18/8/1874).
15/2/1789, Sunday (-57,059) Frederic Fesca, German composer, was born
(died 1826).
11/2/1789, Wednesday (-57,063) (USA)
Ethan Allen, US soldier, died in Burlington, Vermont (born 10/1/1739 in Litchfield,
Connecticut).
===================================================================================
24/1/1789, Saturday (-57,081) Louis XVI of France recalled the States
General, which had not met since 1614. The Three States � nobles, clergy, and
commons � all had tax greivances. Elections for this body now took place.
21/1/1789, Wednesday (-57,084) Paul Holbach, French writer, died (born
1723). The first US novel, The Power of Sympathy, was printed in Boston,
Massachusetts.
17/1/1789, Saturday (-57,088) Johann Neander, German religious writer,
was born (died 14/7/1850).
11/1/1789, Sunday (-57,094) John Collier, English writer, was born (died
17/9/1883).
7/1/1789, Wednesday (-57,098)
The first national elections were held in the USA, and George Washington was elected President.
4/1/1789, Sunday (-57,101) Benjamin Lundy, US anti-slavery campaigner,
was born (died 22/8/1839).
1/1/1789, Thursday (-57,104) Fletcher
Grantley, English politician, died (born 23/6/1716).
===================================================================================
31/12/1788, Wednesday (-57,105)
Basil Hall, British travel writer, was born (died 11/9/1844).
28/12/1788, Sunday (-57,108) John Logan, Scottish poet, died.
23/12/1788, Tuesday (-57,113) Maryland ceded ten square miles of land to
the US Congress for the site of the Federal capital city, Washington DC.
17/12/1788, Wednesday (-57,119) Russian forces under Prince Grigory
Potemkin captured the Black Sea port and fortress of Ochakov from the Ottoman
Turks.
14/12/1788, Sunday (-57,122) Charles IV (1748-1819) became King of Spain.
6/12/1788, Saturday (-57,130) Richard Barham, English writer, was born in
Canterbury (died 17/6/1845).
===================================================================================
25/11/1788, Tuesday (-57,141) Thomas Amory, English author, died.
22/11/1788, Saturday (-57,144) Johann Flugel, German writer, was born
(died 24/6/1855).
6/11/1788, Thursday (-57,160) (Denmark) The Triple Alliance (Britain,
the Dutch Republic and Prussia; an alliance aimed at preserving peace within
Europe) persuaded Denmark to pull its troops out of Sweden. Denmark had invaded
Sweden September 1788 whilst Sweden was engaged in an ussuccesful war against
Russia, to recover former Danbish territories in southern Sweden.
==================================================================================
27/10/1788, Monday (-57,170) Sir Henry Holland, English writer,was born
(died 27/10/1873)
24/10/1788, Friday (-57,173) Sarah Josepha Buell Hale, US author, was
born in Newport, New Hampshire (died 1879)
21/10/1788, Tuesday (-57,176) George Combe, Scottish phrenologist, was
born (died14/8/1858).
13/10/1788, Monday (-57,184) Thomas Erskine, Scottish religious writer,
was born (died 20/3/1870).
10/10/1788, Friday (-57,187) (USA)
Joshua Bates, US financier, was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts (died in London
24/9/1864).
7/10/1788, Tuesday (-57,190) The Polish Sejm, elected this day, began
aligning the country with Prussia, away from Russia. Poland began remodelling
its constitution on western European lines.
1/10/1788, Wednesday (-57,196) William Brodie was hanged in
Edinburgh. His career inspired Robert Louis Stevenson to write The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.
=================================================================================
30/9/1788, Tuesday (-57,197) Lord Raglan, the Field
Marshall responsible for the Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, was born
at Badminton, Gloucestershire.
22/9/1788, Monday (-52,205) Theofore Hook, English author, was born
(died 24/8/1841).
19/9/1788, Friday (-52,208) Georg Freytag, German scholarly writer, was
born (died 16/11/1861).
13/9/1788, Saturday (-57,214) New York became the Federal
capital of the new United States of America.
12/9/1788, Friday (-57,215)
Alexander Campbell, US Christian religious leader (died 1866) was born.
10/9/1788, Wednesday (-57,217) Jacques Boucher, French writer, was born
in Rethel (died in Abbeville 5/8/1868).
9/9/1788, Tuesday (-57,218)
4/9/1788, Thursday (-57,223) The Dutch republic signed a Treaty of
Friendship and Trade with the American former Colonies.
===================================================================================
27/8/1788, Wednesday (-57,231)
Jacques Necker was recalled as French Minister of Finance.
26/8/1788, Tuesday (-57,232) (Britain) Elizabeth, Duchess of Kingston, died.
25/8/1788, Monday (-57,233)
Etienne Lomenie de Brienne, the French Finance Minister, resigned in the face
of a major but iundeclared crisis in French national finances.
22/8/1788, Friday (-57,236) The British settlement of Sierra Leone was founded, for the purpose of
providing a home for freed slaves and homeless Africans from England.
9/8/1788, Saturday (-57,249)
Adoniram Judson, US missionary to Burma, was born (died 12/4/1850).
8/8/1788, Friday (-57,250) King
Louis XVI now decided to summon the Estates General (Parlement) for May 1789.
2/8/1788, Saturday (-57,256) Painter
Thomas Gainsborough, born 14/5/1727, died.
===================================================================================
26/7/1788, Saturday (-57,263) (USA)
New York became the 11th state of the Union.
21/7/1788, Monday (-57,268) Gaetano Filangiero, Italian writer, died
(born 18/8/1752).
15/7/1788, Tuesday (-57,274) Jean Drouais, French historical painter, died
(born 25/11/1763).
10/7/1788, Thursday (-57,279)
Mozart completed his Jupiter
Symphony. Born on 27/1/1756, Mozart
died on 5/12/1791 from typhus and was buried in a pauper�s grave with several
other paupers.
8/7/1788, Tuesday (-52,281)
5/7/1788, Saturday (-52,284) (USA)
Mather Byles, US clergyman unpopular for his pro-Royalist views, died (born
26/3/1706).
1/7/1788, Tuesday (-57,288)
====================================================================================
25/6/1788, Wednesday (-57,294)
(USA)
Virginia became the 10th State of the Union.
21/6/1788, Saturday (-57,298) (1) The American Constitution legally came into force, after ratification
by the 9th State, New Hampshire.
(2) King Gustavus III of Sweden invaded Russian Finland,
without declaring war first.
(3) (USA)
New Hampshire became the 9th State of the Union.
18/6/1788, Wednesday (-57,301) Adam Gib, Scottish religious writer, died
(born 14/4/1714).
9/6/1788, Monday (-57,310) In London the Association for Promoting the
Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa was founded. Members researched
scientific and medical topivcs, and also sought to end slavery.
====================================================================================
30/5/1788, Friday (-57,320) Marylebone Cricket Club formally codified
the laws of cricket.
23/5/1788, Friday (-57,327) (USA)
South Carolina became the 8th State of the Union.
15/5/1788, Thursday (-57,335) (Medical)
Neil Arnott, Scottish physician, was born in Arbroath (died 2/3/1874 in
London).
10/5/1788, Saturday (-57,340) (Light) Augustin Fresnel, pioneer in lenses, was
born (died 14/7/1827)
9/5/1788, Friday (-57,341) British
Parliament passed a motion for the abolition of the slave trade.
3/5/1788, Saturday (-57,347) The
first evening newspaper, the Star and
Evening Advertiser, was published in London.
===================================================================================
28/4/1788, Monday (-57,352) Maryland
became the 7th State of the Union.
15/4/1788, Tuesday (-57,365) (Biology)
George Buffon, French naturalist, died (born 7/9/1707).
==================================================================================
29/3/1788, Saturday (-57,382) Evangelist
Charles Wesley, younger brother of John Wesley, died. He wrote over 5,000
hymns.
23/3/1788, Sunday (-57,388) Easter
Sunday
22/3/1788, Saturday (-57,389) (Biology)
Pierre Pelletier was born in Paris. In 1817 he jointly discovered chlorophyll
with Joseph Bienaime Caventou (born 30/6/1795 in Saint Omer, France).
21/3/1788, Friday (-57,390) (USA)
A major fire destroyed nearly all of New Orleans, USA.
10/3/1788, Monday (-57,401) Edward Baily, British sculptor, was born in
Bristol (died in Holloway 22/5/1867).
8/3/1788, Saturday (-57,403) Sir William Hamilton, Scottish scientific
writer, was born (died 6/5/1856).
2/3/1788, Sunday (-57,409) Solomon Gessner, Swiss poet, died (born
1/4/1730).
==================================================================================
28/2/1788, Thursday (-57,412) (Britain)
Samuel Bamford, British politician, was born in Miston, Lancashire (died in
Harpurhey 13/4/1872.
25/2/1788, Monday (-57,415) Thomas Cubitt, English builder, was born
(died 20/12/1855).
22/2/1788, Friday (-57,418) Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher,
was born in Gdansk, Germany (now Danzig, Poland); died 1860.
18/2/1788, Monday (-57,422) Maurice la Tour, French pastel painter,
died (born 5/9/1704).
16/2/1788, Saturday (-57,424) George Anne Bellamy, English actress, died.
14/2/1788, Thursday (-57,426)
Edward Blomfield, English scholarly writer, was born in Bury St Edmunds
(died� in Cambridge 9/10/1816).
13/2/1788, Wednesday (-57,427)
(India) The corruption trial of Warren Hastings, former British Governor-General
of India, began in London.
9/2/1788, Saturday (-57,431)
6/2/1788, Wednesday (-57,434) (USA)
Massachusetts became the 6th State of the Union.
5/2/1788, Tuesday (-57,435) Sir Robert Peel, British Tory
Prime Minister and founder of the Metropolitan Police Force, was born at Bury
in Lancashire, the son of a cotton millionaire.
3/2/1788, Sunday (-57,437)
1/2/1788, Friday (-57,439) Isaac
Briggs and William Longstreet patrented the steamboat.
====================================================================================
31/1/1788, Thursday (-57,440) Prince Charles Edward Stuart
(Bonnie Prince Charlie), the
Young Pretender and leader of the Jacobite Rebellion, aimed at deposing King
George II, died in exile in Rome.
26/1/1788, Saturday (-57,445)
The first batch of British convicts arrived at Sydney Cove, Australia. They
came aboard the HMS Endeavour, captained by Arthur Phillip; 570 men and 160
women were the survivors of a 36-week voyage from England on which the pox had
killed 48 of the prisoners. Captain Phillip was to administer the penal colony.
See 18/1/1788.
22/1/1788, Tuesday (-57,449)
George Gordon, or Lord Byron, was born in London.
20/1/1788, Sunday (-57.451) The French Parlement presented a list of
grievances against the Government to King Louis XIV.
18/1/1788. Friday (-57,453)
A penal settlement was established at Botany Bay, Australia. The first
convicts arrived on 26/1/1788. The option of sending its prisoners to America
was no longer open to Britain.
11/1/1788, Friday (-57,460) William Brande, English chemist, was born
in London (died in Tunbridge Wells 11/2/1866).
9/1/1788, Wednesday (-57,462)
(USA)
Connecticut became the 5th state of the Union.
6/1/1788, Sunday (-57,465) Louis Cormenin, French political lobbyist,
was born (died 6/5/1868).
2/1/1788, Wednesday (-57,469) (USA)
Georgia became the 4th State of the Union.
1/1/1788, Tuesday (-57,470) The
Universal Daily Register was renamed The Times.
=====================================================================================
30/12/1787, Sunday (-57,472) Otto von Kotzebue, Russian geographical
writer, was born (died 15/2/1846).
18/12/1787, Tuesday (-57,484) (USA)
New Jersey became the 3rd State of the Union.
17/12/1787, Monday (-57,485) HMS Bounty, commended by William Bligh, set sail from for the South
Seas.
16/12/1787, Sunday (-57,486) Francois
Heim, French painter, was born (died 29/9/1865)
15/12/1787, Saturday (-57,487)
Charles Clarke, British writer, was born (died 13/3/1877)
14/12/1787, Friday (-57,488)
13/12/1787, Thursday (-57,489) (Astronomy)
Mathematician, physicist and astronomer Ruggiero Guiseppe Boscovich died in
Milan.
12/12/1787, Wednesday (-57,490) (USA)
Pennsylvania became the 2nd State of the Union.
10/12/1787, Monday (-57,492) (USA)
Thomas Gallaudet, US educator of the deaf and dumb, was born (died 5/9/1851).
7/12/1787, Friday (-57,495) (USA)
Delaware, the Diamond or First State, achieved Statehood.
====================================================================================
29/11/1787. Thursday (-57,503)
Louis XVI of France promulgated an Edict of Tolerance, allowing civil status to
Protestants.
21/11/1787. Wednesday (-57,511) Sir Samuel Cunard, Canadian ship owner, was born
in Nova Scotia. He came to Britain in 1838 and, with two partners, established
what came to be known as the Cunard Line.
20/11/1787, Tuesday (-57,512) Louis
XIV of France declared that the Estates-General (Parliament) would be recalled
for July 1792.
18/11/1787, Sunday (-57,514)
Louis Daguerre, French artist and pioneer of photography, was born near Paris.
15/11/1787, Thursday(-57,517) Richard Dana, US writer, was born (died
1879).
6/11/1787, Tuesday (-57,526) Vuk Karajich, famous Serbian writer, was
born (died 6/2/1864).
3/11/1787, Saturday (-57,529) Robert Lowth, English Orientalist writer, died
(born 27/11/1710).
==================================================================================
30/10/1787, Tuesday (-57,533) William Wilberforce first met
with the London Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade.
29/10/1787, Monday (-57,534) The
opera Don Giovanni, with music by Mozart and libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte,
premiered in Prague.
28/10/1787, Sunday (-57,535) Johann
Musaus, German writer, died (born 20/3/1735).
16/10/1787, Tuesday (-57,547) Edward Foss, English legal writer, was
born (died 27/7/1870).
10/10/1787, Wednesday (-57,553) Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, surrendered
to Prussian forces, bringing ther anti-aristocratic revolution to an end.
7/10/1787, Sunday (-45,556) (USA) Henry Muhlenberg, US Lutheran, died (born
6/9/1711).
4/10/1787, Thursday (-45,559) Francois Guizot,French statesman, was
born (died 12/9/1874).
================================================================================
24/9/1787, Monday (-57,569) The French Parlement was
recalled from Troyes in an acto of reconciliation by Kin Louis XV1.
20/9/1787, Thursday (-57,573) William V of Orange was restored
as Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, following the expulsion of the Patriot
Party by the Prussians.
17/9/1787,
Monday (-57,576)
The constitution of the United States of America was signed.
15/9/1787,
Saturday (-57,578) George Mason, a plantation owner from
Virginia, called for an amendment to the draft US Constitution. To avoid the
Federal government becoming oppressive, he called for a clause whereby if two thirds
of the States wished, Congress would have to agree to a convention to discuss
the proposed government change or policy. This change to Article V was
incorporated as Mason desired.
13/9/1787, Thursday (-57,580) Prussian forces under the
Duke of Brunswick invaded the Netherlands, overcoming desultory resistance from
the Patriot |Free Corps militias.
10/9/1787,
Monday (-57,583) John Crittenden, US
statesman, was born (died 26/7/1863)
5/9/1787,
Wednesday (-57,588) Francois Beudant, French
geologist, was born in Paris (died 10/12/1850).
1/9/1787,
Saturday (-57,592) Jan Baake, Dutch writer, was born in Leiden
(died 26/3/1864)
====================================================================================
24/8/1787, Friday (-57,600) Mozart completed his violin
and piano sonata in A, K526.
14/8/1787, Tuesday (-57,610) King Louis XVI of France banished
the Parlement to Troyes, in an attempt to curb its growing opposition to the
King�s Government.
10/8/1787.
Friday (-57,614)
Mozart completed his famous Eine
Kleine Nachtmusik
===================================================================================
30/7/1787, Monday (-57,625) Marylebone Cricket Club,
London, played its first match, against Islington Cricket Club.
27/7/1787,
Friday (-57,628)
The Theatre Royal, Margate, was founded.
20/7/1786,
Friday (-57,635) Thomas Robinson, 2nd baron
Grantham, died (born 30/11/1738).
11/7/1787, Wednesday (-57,644) Alexander Menshikov,
Russian statesman, was born (died 2/5/1869).
==================================================================================
20/6/1787,
Wednesday (-57,665) (Arts)
Karl Abel, German musician (born 1725) died in London.
7/6/1787,
Thursday (-57,678) Sir John Coode, geologist,
was born (died 12/8/1857).
==================================================================================
31/5/1787, Thursday (-57,685) The first cricket match was
played at Lords, north London. The match was Essex vs. Middlesex.
25/5/1787,
Friday (-57,691)
The Philadelphia Convention, headed by George
Washington, began drawing up the USA
Constitution. On 17/9/1787 the Constitution
was agreed by 39 out of 42 delegates.
22/5/1787,
Tuesday (-57,694)
The London Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade was founded by Thomas
Clarkson.
14/5/1787, Monday
(-57,702) Delegates gathered in Philadelphia, USA, to draw up the US
Constitution.
13/5/1787,
Sunday (-57,703) A fleet of 11 ships consisting
of 2 two men 3 stores ships, and 6 convict transporters with some 730 convicts set sail from England for
Australia under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. The journey lasted
until January 1788. The convicts disembarked at Sydney Cove, minus 40 who had
died on the voyage.�
12/5/1787, Saturday (-58,069) (Japan) Food riots in Osaka, Japan, that
began 11/5/with rice warehouses being broken into now spread across the city.
By 18/5 the riots had spread to Edo and 30 other major cities, with rice
merchants� houses being ransacked. Other shops were also looted.
====================================================================================
8/4/1787,
Sunday (-57,738) Easter Sunday.
2/4/1787,
Monday (-57,744) (USA)
Thomas Gage, British colonial Governor of Massachusetts, died (born 1721).
===================================================================================
17/3/1787, Saturday (-57,760) Edmund Kean, actor, was born
(died 15/5/1833).
12/3/1787, Monday (-57,765) Vicente Garcia, Spanish dramatist, died
(born 9/3/1734).
10/3/1787, Saturday (-57,767) William Etty, British painter, was born (died
13/11/1849).
8/3/1787, Thursday (-57,769) Karl Grafe, German surgeon, was born
(died 4/7/1840).
6/3/1787, Tuesday (-55,771) (Astronomy)
Joseph von Fraunhofer, best known for his study of absorption lines in the
Sun�s spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer Lines, was born (died 7/6/1826).
===================================================================================
23/2/1787, Friday
(-57.782) Emma Hard Willard, US educator, was born in Berlin, Connecticut
(died 1870).
22/2/1787,
Thursday (-57,783)
France was nearly bankrupt, with a national debt of UK� 800 million.
15/2/1787,
Thursday (-57,790) Roger Boscovich, scientific
writer, died in Milan.
10/2/1787,
Saturday (-57,795) Charles Chauncy, US religious writer, died
(born 1/1/1705).
===================================================================================
29/1/1787,
Monday (-57,807) Thomas Paine, English writer,
was born.
25/1/1787,
Thursday (-57,811)
An abortive attempt to seize the US arsenal at Springfield, Massachusetts.
21/1/1787,
Sunday (-57,815) (Geology)
Gustavus Brander, English expert in fossils, died (born 1720 in London)
11/1/1787, Thursday (-57,825) William Herschel observed
Uranus through his new large (20 ft focal length) reflector telescope, and
first saw its satellites, Titania and Oberon.
1/1/1787, Monday (-57,835) Arthir Middleton, US
politician, died (born 26/1/1742).
====================================================================================
26/12/1786,
Tuesday (-57,841) Gaspari Gozzi, Italian
writer, died (born 4/12/1713).
12/12/1786, Tuesday (-57,855) William Marcy, US statesman,
was born (died 4/7/1857).
5/12/1786,
Tuesday (-57,862) Henry Drummond, English
politician, was born (died 20/2/1860).
===================================================================================
18/11/1786,
Saturday (-57,879) Sir Henry Bishop, composer, was born in
London (died 30/4/1855).
====================================================================================
15/10/1786,
Sunday (-57,913) James Holman, blind travel writer, was born
(died 29/7/1857).
5/10/1786, Thursday (-57,923) Janos Maljath, Hungarian
historical writer, was born (died 3/1/1855).
2/10/1786, Monday (-57,926) Augustus Keppel, British
Admiral, died (born 25/4/1725).
====================================================================================
18/9/1786,
Monday (-57,940) Christian VIII, King of
Norway and Denmark, was born (died 20/1/1848).
9/9/1786,
Saturday (-57,949) George Washington called for the abolition of
slavery.
5/9/1786,
Tuesday (-57,953) Jonas Hanway, English writer
and traveller, died (born 1712).
====================================================================================
31/8/1786,
Thursday (-57,958) Michel Chevreul, chemist,
was born (died 9/4/1889).
26/8/1786, Saturday
(-57,963) Britain and France agreed the Eden Treaty, reducing trade
barriers between the two countries.
25/8/1786,
Friday (-57,964)
Ludwig I, King of Bavaria, was born.
19/8/1786, Saturday (-57,970) Nathanael Greene, US General, died (born
7/8/1742).
17/8/1786, Thursday (-57,972) (Germany) Frederick the Great, military leader
and King of Prussia since 1740, died in Potsdam, aged 74. Under his rule Prussia grew from under 46,000 square miles to
over 71,000 square miles, and its population rose from 2.2 million to 5.8
million. Prussia had a standing army of 200,000, well armed and disciplined.
Britain often gave financial aid to Prussia, in its wars against France and
Austria. He was succeeded by his inept
41-year-old nephew, who ruled� as
Freidrich Wilhelm II for 11 years.
8/8/1786,
Tuesday (-57,981)
Mont Blanc, 4,807 metres high, was conquered by a local man, Dr Michel Gabriel
Paccard of Chamonix, along with his porter Jacques Balmat.
====================================================================================
30/7/1786,
Sunday (-57,990) Georg Gabler, German philosophical writer,
was born (died 13/9/1853).
17/7/1786, Monday (-58,003) Penang,
Malaysia, was founded by the East India Company. The area had been ceded by the
Sultan of Kedah in 1785.
======================================================================================
27/6/1786, Tuesday (-58,023) John Broughton, English writer, was born
(died 3/6/1869).
19/6/1786, Sunday (-50,032) Nathanael Greene, US General during the
American revolution, died in Mulberry grove, Georgia, aged 43.
13/6/1786, Tuesday (-58,037) Winfield Scott, Commander of the US Army,
was born near Petersburg, Virginia (died 1866)
3/6/1786, Saturday (-58,047) William Hilton, English painter, was born
(died 30/12/1839).
====================================================================================
30/5/1786, Tuesday (-58,051)
Andras Fay, Hungarian poet, was born (died 26/7/1864)
29/5/1786, Monday (-58,052)
Charles Blomfield, English cleric, was born in Bury St Edmunds (died 5/8/1857).
28/5/1786, Sunday (-58,053) Louis
McLane, US politician, was born (died 7/10/1857).
21/5/1786, Sunday (-58,060) Karl William Scheele, Swedish chemist, died
in Koping, Sweden, aged 44.
19/5/1786, Friday (-58,062) John Stanley, composer, died.
13/5/1786, Saturday (-58,068) William Farren, English actor, was born
(died 24/9/1861).
1/5/1786, Monday (-58,080)
Mozart�s opera, The Marriage of Figaro,
had its first performance, in Vienna, Austria.
===================================================================================
30/4/1786, Sunday (-58,081) William,
Mulready, English painter, was born (died 7/7/1863).
22/4/1786, Saturday (-58,089) Amos Lawrence, US philanthropist, was born
(died 31/12/1852).
16/4/1786,
Sunday (-58,095) Easter Sunday. Birth of Sir John Franklin,
English Rear Admiral.
10/4/1786,
Monday (-38,101) (Britain) John Byron, British
Vice-Admiral, died (born 8/11/1723).
7/4/1786,
Friday (-38,104) Izidor Guzmics, Hungarian
religious writer, was born (died 1/9/1839).
1/4/1786,
Saturday (-58,110) (Britain)
Sir Thomas Buxton, English philanthropist, was born (died 19/2/1845).
====================================================================================
25/3/1786,
Saturday (-58,117) (Astronomy)
Giovanni Battista Amici, Italian astronomer, was born in Modena (died 10/4/1863
in Florence).
22/3/1786, Wednesday (-58,120) Joachim Lelewel, Polish
historical writer, was born (died 29/5/1861).
6/3/1786, Monday (-58,136) Sir Charles Napier, British
Admiral, was born (died 6/11/1860).
==================================================================================
26/2/1786,
Sunday (-58,144) (Light
and Optics) Dominique Francois Arago was born in Estagel, France. In
1809 he discovered that blue light from the sky is polarised, and found the
neutral point where polarisation is absent.
25/2/1786,
Saturday (-58,145) (Astronomy)
Thomas Wright, astronomer, died at Byers Green, England
24/2/1786,
Friday (-58,146)
Wilhelm Grimm, German collector of fairy tales along with his brother Jacob,
was born in Hanau.
15/2/1786,
Wednesday (-58,155) Ferdinand Hand, German
scholarly writer, was born (died 14/3/1851_.
3/2/1786,
Friday (-58,167) Heinrich Gesenius, German
historical writer, was born (died 23/10/1842).
===================================================================================
26/1/1786,
Thursday (-58,175) Benjamin Haydon, English
painter, was born (died 22/6/1846).
16/1/1786, Monday (-58,185) The Virginia Stattute of
Religious Freedom was passed, drafted by Thomas Jefferrson, which later formed
the basis of the Us First Amendment, guaranteeing freedom of worship.
8/1/1786,
Sunday (-58,193) (USA)
Nicholas Biddle, US financier, was born in Philadelphia (died in Philadelphia
27/2/1844).
7/1/1786,
Saturday (-58,194) Jean Guettard, French naturalist writer, died
(born 22/9/1715).
4/1/1786, Wednesday (-58,197) Moses Mendelssohn, German
philosopher, died in Berlin aged 56.
1/1/1786, Sunday (-58,200) (Africa) Dixon
Denham, English explorer of Africa, was born (died 8/5/1828).
===================================================================================
30/12/1785, Friday (-58,202) John Dunlop, Scottish writer, was born
(died 1842).
24/12/1785,
Saturday (-58,208) Etienne Gerlach, Belgian historical writer,
was born.
17/12/1785, Saturday (-58,215) Sir William Napier,
historical writer, waws born (died 12/2/1860).
14/12/1785, Wednesday (-58,218) Giovanni Battista
Cipriani, Italian born English neoclassical painter, died in London aged 58.
6/12/1785,
Tuesday (-58,226) Catherine Clive, British
actress, died (born 1711).
===================================================================================
29/11/1785, Tuesday
(-58,233) Pierre Lebrun, French poet, was born (died 27/5/1873).
28/11/1785,
Monday (-58,234) (France)
Achille Duc de Broglie, French statesman, was born (died 25/1/1870).
26/11/1785, Saturday (-58,236)
25/11/1785,
Friday (-58,237) Richard Glover, English poet,
died (born 1712)
24/11/1785,
Thursday (-58,238) Philipp Bockh, German
scholarly writer, was born in Karlsruhe (died in Berlin 3/8/1867).
21/11/1785, Monday (-58,241) William Beaumont, US Army
surgeon, the foirst person to observe and describe digestion as it occurred in
the stomach, was born in Lebanon Connecticut (died 1853)
12/11/1785,
Saturday (-58,250) Richard Burn, English legal writer, died
(born 1709).
2/11/1785, Wednesday (-58,260)
The first unsinkable lifeboat was patented by Lionel Lukin, a London
coachbuilder.
==================================================================================
15/10/1785,
Saturday (-58,278) Jose Miguel Carrera, leader in the Chilean
fight for independence from Spain, was born (died 4/9/1821).
=================================================================================
30/9/1785, Friday (-58,293) Johann Moser, German legal
writer, died.
1/9/1785,
Thursday (-58,322)
(USA)
Mozart published his 6th string quartet
opus 10 in Vienna. =================================================================================
30/8/1785, Tuesday (-58,324) Lin Tse Hu, Chinese official
whose attempt to halt the opium trade led to the Opium War, was born in
Hou-Kuan, Fukien Province, China (died 1850).
25/8/1785, Thursday (-58,329) Adam Moltke, Danish
statesman, was born (died 15/.2/1864).
20/8/1785, Saturday (-58,334) Valentine Mott, US surgeon,
was born (died 26/4/1865).
15/8/1785,
Monday (-58,339)
Thomas de Quincy, English author, was born (died 8/12/1859).
14/8/1785,
Sunday (-58,340)
John Fletcher, English religious writer, died (born 12/9/1729).
===============================================================================
12/7/1785, Tuesday (-58,373) Louis la Chalotais, French
jurist, died (born 6/3/1701).
6/7/1785, Wednesday (-58,379) The American Congress
adopted a coinage system suggested by the Virginia delegate. It featured a gold
10 dollar coin, a 1 dollar silver cooin, and a copper coin worth 1 cent.
===============================================================================
6/6/1785, Monday (-58,409)
John James, English religious writer, was born (died 1/10/1859).
====================================================================
23/5/1785, Monday (58,423) Benjamin Franklin announced
his invention of bifocals.
21/5/1785, Saturday (-58,425) (Germany)
August Bekker, German philosopher, was born (died in Berlin 7/6/1871).
13/5/1785, Friday
(-58,433) Friedrich Dahlmann, German politician, was born (died 5/12/1860).
9/5/1785, Monday (-58,437) Joseph Bramah patented the
beer pump handle.
8/5/1785, Sunday
(-58,438) Etienne Choiseul, French statesman, died (born 18/6/1719).
6/5/1786, Friday (-58,440) Karl
Borne, German satirical writer, was born in Frankfort am Main (died in Paris
12/2/1837).
======================================================================================
26/4/1785, Tuesday (-58,450) John James Audubon, US artist, was born in
Les Cayes, St Dominique, west Indies (died 1859).
4/4/1785, Monday (-58,472)
Elisabeth Arnim, German authoress, was born in Frankfort am Main (died
20/1/1859 in Berlin).
====================================================================================
30/3/1785, Wednesday
(-58,477) Henry Hardinge, British colonial Governor-General of India, was
born (died 24/9/1856).
27/3/1785, Sunday (-58,480) Easter
Sunday. King Louis XVII of France was born.
22/3/1785, Tuesday (-58,485) (Geology)
Geologist Adam Sedgwick was born in Yorkshire, England. In 1835 he identified
the Cambrian Period.
11/3/1785, Friday (-58,496) John McLean, US Supreme Court Judge, was
born in Morris County, New Jersey (died 1861)
7/3/1785, Monday (-58,500) Alessandro Manzoni, Italian poet, was born
(died 22/5/1873).
====================================================================================
2/2/1785, Wednesday (-58,533) Hyacinthe Latouche, French poet and
novelist, was born (died 9/3/1851)
====================================================================================
30/1/1785, Sunday (-58,536) Charles Metcalfe, British colonial
administrator of India, was born (died 5/9/1846).
19/1/1785, Wednesday (-58,547)
The first balloon ascent in Ireland was made, from Ranelagh Gardens, Dublin.
17/1/1785, Monday (-58,549) Leonard Horner, Scottish geologist, was
born (died 5/3/1864)
14/1/1785, Friday (-58,552) Mozart completed his Dissonanzenquartett
(Dissonance Quartet), opus no.10.
7/1/1785, Friday (-58,559) Jean-Pierre
Blanchard, and his sponsor, the American Dr John Jefferies, made the first hot
air balloon crossing of the English Channel from Dover to Calais.
4/1/1785, Tuesday (-58,562) Jacob Grimm, older of the two
German brothers famous for fairy tales, was born in Hanau.
3/1/1785, Monday (-58,563) Baldassare
Galuppi, Italian composer, died (born 18/10/1706).
1/1/1785, Saturday (-58,565) The
Daily Universal Register was first published by John Walter. It was renamed The Times on 1/1/1788.
===================================================================================
15/12/1784, Wednesday (-58,582) Ludwig Devrient, German actor, was born
(died 30/12/1832).
13/12/1784, Monday (-58,584) Samuel Johnson, born 18/9/1709, died.
Aged 75, he had lived in near-poverty for many years but from 1762 was granted
a Crown Pension of �3,000 a year. He is best remembered for his comprehensive
dictionary, which took him eight years to complete.
7/12/1784, Tuesday (-58,590) Allan Cunningham, Scottish poet, was born
(died 30/10/1842).
5/12/1784, Sunday (-58,592) (Race Equality) Phillis Wheatley, the first
published Black American poet, died in Boston, Massachusetts aged ca.31.
====================================================================================
24/11/1784, Wednesday (-58,603)
Zachary Taylor, American Whig and 12th President, was born in Orange
County, Virginia.
22/11/1784, Monday (-58,605) Paolo Frisi, Italian mathematician, died
(born 13/4/1728).
17/11/1784, Wednesday (-58,610) Ebenezer Henderson, Scottish religious
writer, was born (died 17/5/1858).
====================================================================================
27/10/1784, Wednesday (-58,631) Nicolo Paganini, Italian composer, was
born in Genoa (died 1840).
24/10/1784, Sunday (-58,634) Sir Moses Haim Montefiore, Jewish
philanthropist, was born (died 28/7/1885).
20/10/1784, Wednesday (-58,638) Lord Palmerston was born at 20, Queen Anne�s Gate, Westminster as
Henry John Temple.
19/10/1784, Tuesday (-58,639)
Leigh Hunt, British poet and essayist, was born.
17/10/1784, Sunday (-58,641)
Napoleon, aged 15, entered the Ecole Militaire in Paris. He graduated a
year later, coming 42nd out of 58.
15/10/1784, Friday (-58,643) (France) Thomas Bugeaud, Marshal of France, was
born (died 10/6/1849).
14/10/1784, Thursday (-58,644) Ferdinand VII, King of Spain,
was born.
4/10/1784, Monday (-58,654) First balloon flight made in Britain.
=====================================================================================
28/9/1784, Tuesday (-58,660)
26/9/1784, Sunday (-58,662) Christopher Hansteen, Norwegian scientific
writer, was born (died 11/4/1873).
21/9/1784, Tuesday (-58,667) The first successful daily
American newspaper, the Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser,
appeared.
20/9/1784, Monday (-58,668) (Cartography)
Sir Richard Griffith, who prepared several geological maps of Ireland (1st,
1815), was born (died 22/9/1878).
15/9/1784, Wednesday (-58,673)
The first hydrogen balloon ascent from London was made.
8/9/1784, Wednesday (-58,680)
Ann Lee, religious leader and founder of the US sect of the Shakers, died.
4/9/1784, Saturday (-58,684) (Cartography)
Cesar Cassini died (born 17/6/1714). In 1744 he began surveying for a map of
France.
1/9/1784, Wednesday (-58,687) (Cartography) Thomas Colby, director of the
Ordnance Survey, who surveyed Ireland, was born (died 9/10/1852)
=====================================================================================
13/8/1784, Friday (-58,706) The
East India Act put the Company under a board of control to manage its revenue
and administration.
10/8/1784, Tuesday (-58,709) Allan Ramsay, portrait painter, died in
Dover, England, aged 70.
4/8/1784, Wednesday (-58,715) Giovanni Martini, Italian musician, died
(born 24/4/1706).
2/8/1784, Monday (-58,717) The
first specially constructed mail coach
ran in Britain, from Bristol. to London.
=====================================================================================
30/7/1784, Friday (-48,720) Denis Diderot, French writer, died (born
5/10/1713).
22/7/1784, Thursday (-48,728) Friedrich Bessel, German astronomer, was
born in Minden (died in Konigsberg 17/3/1846).
12/7/1784, Monday (-68,738) John Brown, Scottish religious writer, was
born (died 13/10/1858).
8/7/1784, Thursday (-68,742) (Biology)
Torbern Bergman, Swedish naturalist, died in Medevi (born in Katrineberg
20/3/1735).
====================================================================================
29/6/1784, Tuesday (-58,751) (Spain)
Alexandre Aguado, Spanish soldier and politician, was born in Seville (died
14/4/1842 in Gijon).
26/6/1784, Saturday (-58,754) William H Crawford, American politician who
cast te deciding vote for independence, died in Dover, Delaware, aged 55.
====================================================================================
30/5/1784, Sunday (-58,781) (Britain)
Sir William Brown, financier, was born (died 1864).
20/5/1784, Thursday (-58,791)
Peace of Versailles, between England and Holland.
12/5/1784, Wednesday (-58,799) James Knowles, Irish dramatist, was born
(died 30/11/1862).
10/5/1784, Monday (-58,801) Antoine Court de Gebelin, French scholarly
writer, died (born 1728).
=====================================================================================
29/4/1784, Thursday (-58,812) Mozart�s violin sonata in B flat, K454,
premiered in Vienna.
11/4/1784, Sunday (-58,830) Easter Sunday.
5/4/1784, Monday (-58,836) Louis Spohr, composer and violinist, was
born.
3/4/1784, Saturday (-58,838) The
British Parliament passed the India Act, to make the British East India Company
more accountable.
====================================================================================
25/3/1784, Thursday (-58,847) Francois Fetis, Belgian composer, was
born (died 26/3/1871)
19/3/1784, Friday (-58,853) Henry Goulburn, English statesman, was born
(died 12/1/1856).
12/3/1784, Friday (-58,860)
William Buckland, geologist, was born (died 24/8/1856).
11/3/1784, Thursday (-58,861)
Britain signed a peace treaty with Tippu Sultan of Mysore, ending the Second
Mysore War.
====================================================================================
28/2/1784, Saturday (-58,873) John Wesley signed the Deed of
Declaration of the Wesleyan faith.
20/2/1784, Friday (-58,881) Adam Black, Scottish book publisher, was
born in Edinburgh (died 24/1/1874).
====================================================================================
31/1/1784, Saturday (-58,901) Bernard Barton, English poet, was born in
Carlisle (died in Woodbridge 19/2/1849).
28/1/1784, Wednesday (-58,904) (Britain)
George Aberdeen, British statesman, was born in Edinburgh.
21/1/1784, Wednesday (-58,911) Peter de Wint, English landscape
painter, was born (died 30/1/1849).
14/1/1784, Wednesday (-58,918) The American Congress ratified the
Treaty of Paris, formally ending the American Revolution.
11/1/1784, Sunday (-58,921) Joseph Gwilt, British architectural writer,
was born (died 14/9/1863)
6/1/1784, Tuesday (-58,926) (Russia, Turkey) Under the Treaty of Constantinople,
Ottoman Turkey ceded the Crimea to Russia.
2/1/1784, Friday (-58,930) Ernst I, Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha, was
born (died 29/1/1844).
====================================================================================
31/12/1783, Wednesday (-58,932) Thomas McDonough, US naval officer, was
born in The Trap, Delaware (died 1825).
24/12/1783, Wednesday (-58,939)
George Washington resigned as Commander of the Continental Army.
23/12/1783, Tuesday (-58,940)
Johann Hasse, German composer, died.
21/12/1783, Sunday (-58,942)
19/12/1783, Friday (-58,944) William Pitt the Younger
became Prime Minister.
18/12/1783, Thursday (-58,945)
Johan Bystrom, Swedish sculptor, was born (died 1848).
9/12/1783, Tuesday (-58,954)
The first executions at London�s Newgate Prison.
5/12/1783, Friday (-58,958) Simon Greanleaf, US legal writer, was born
(died 6/10/1853).
1/12/1783, Monday (-58,962)
Jacques Charles flew a 28-foot diameter hydrogen balloon made of silk, coated
with rubber to make it airtight. It flew 27 miles from its start in Paris.
====================================================================================
25/11/1783, Tuesday (-58,968)
British troops evacuated from New York.
24/11/1783, Monday (-58,969) Victor DuCange, novelist, was born (died
15/10/1833).
21/11/1783, Friday (-58,972) Man�s first free flight was made by Jean De Rosier and the Marquis
D�Arlandes in the hot air balloon,
the Montgolfier They travelled
five miles in 25 minutes, reaching a height of 500 feet before landing safely
near the Luxembourg Wood. On 4/6/1783 they had constructed an unmanned
prototype, based on the ideas of the 14th century Augustinian monk,
Albert of Saxony, and the 17th century priest, Francesco de Luna. On
17/10/1783 Pilatre de Rozier rose 84 feet in a hot air balloon before it
reached the end of its tether. On 1/12/1783 the Montgolfier�s rivals Charles,
and Robert ascended in a hydrogen balloon. On 27/8/1783 Jacques Alexandre Cesar
Charles, a member of the French Academy of Science, had launched a prototype
hydrogen balloon.
10/11/1783, Monday (-58,983) Charles-Alexandre de Calonne was appointed
French Comptroller-general, and began raising loans to solve the French
financial crisis following the American Revolution.
7/11/1783, Friday (-58,986) The last hanging was held at Tyburn,
west London. John Austin, convicted of forgery, was executed.� An estimated 50,000 had been executed at
Tyburn.
4/11/1783, Tuesday (-58,989)
Mozart�s Symphony no.36 premiered in Linz, Austria.
3/11/1783, Monday (-58,990)
Charles Colle, French dramatist, died (born 1709).
====================================================================================
29/10/1783, Wednesday (-58,995) (Mathematics)
Jean Alembert, French mathematician, died in Paris.
15/10/1783, Wednesday (-59,009) (Aviation)
Francois Pilatre de Rozier made the world�s manned first flight, in a tethered
balloon.
11/10/1783, Saturday (-59,014)
Heinrich Klaproth, german orientalist writer, was born (died 28/8/1835).
10/10/1783, Friday (-59,014) Henry
Brooke, Irish author, died.
6/10/1783, Monday (-59,018) (Britain)
Thomas Attwood, English political reformer, was born in Halesowen, Worcestershire
(died in Great Malvern, 6/3/1856).
=====================================================================================
27/9/1783, Saturday (-59,027) Augustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico
5/1822 � 3/1823, was born in Valladolid (now Morelia), Mexico.
18/9/1783, Thursday (-59,036) (Mathematics)
Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician, died in St Petersburg, Russia.
17/9/1783, Wednesday (-59,037) (Mathematics)
In France, King Louis XVI watched as two French papermakers, Joseph and Jacques
Montgolfier, sent a large hot air balloon into the sky with a sheep, a rooster
and a duck on board. The balloon reached 1500 feet and landed a mile away; the
rooster was killed but the sheep and duck survived unharmed.
14/9/1783, Sunday (-59,040) Gaspar Gourgaud, French soldier, was born
(died 1852).
8/9/1783, Monday (-59,046) Nikolai Grundtvig, Danish writer, was born
(died 2/9/1872).
3/9/1783, Wednesday (-59,051) (Belize)
British log-cutters returned to Belize during 1783 and this day a Treaty was
signed giving British log-cutters the right to cut trees between the Rivers
Wallis (Belize) and Rio Hondo. However this was �not to be considered as
derogating from the rights of sovereignty of the King of Spain�.
2/9/1783, Tuesday (-59,052) Britain recognised
the United States by signing the Treaty of Paris, thus ending the American War
of Independence. By this treaty northern Florida was ceded by Britain to
the USA but on the same day Britain had signed the Treaty of Versailles, ceding
west Florida to Spain. This caused controversy for some year until the Treaty
of Madrid in 1795 in which Spain ceded lands east of the Mississippi to the
USA. The Spanish also regained Minorca from the British, and France got Senegal
and Tobago from Britain. However in Senegal the British retained the Gambia
river valley. Britain also paid a war indemnity of �10 million. Britain had sent a force of 60,000 men to
fight a much larger population on their own ground, when Holland, France and
Spain had sided with the opposition.
1/9/1783,
====================================================================================
27/8/1783, Wednesday (-59,058)
Jacques Cesar Charles, a rival hot air balloon maker to Montgolfier who
preferred hydrogen to hot air, launched his balloon. It drifted 15 miles from
Paris to Gonesse where it was hacked to pieces by frightened peasants; it
expired with much hissing.
21/8/1783, Thursday (-59,064) John Gully, English boxer, was born (died
9/3/1863).
18/8/1783, Monday (-59,067) (Britain)
John Dunning Ashburton, English lawyer, died in Exmouth (born 18/10/1731 in Ashburton,
Devon).
14(-16)/8/1783, Thursday (-59,071)
Severe earthquake hit Iceland, destroying 92 farms and badly damaging another
372 farms and 11 churches.
13/8/1783, Wednesday (-59,072) John
Crawfurd, Scottish writer on the Orient, was born (died 11/5/1868).
7/8/1783, Thursday (-59,078) John Heathcoat, English inventor, was born
(died 18/1/1861).
3/8/1783, Sunday (-59,082) Mount Asama erupted in Japan, killing 35,000
people.
===================================================================================
24/7/1783, Thursday (-59,092)
Simon Bolivar, South American
revolutionary and liberator of South America from Spanish colonial rule, was
born in Caracas, capital of Venezuela.
==============================================================================
25/6/1783, Wednesday (-59,121)
Lavoisier announced that water was the combustion product of oxygen and
hydrogen.
20/6/1783, Friday (-59,126) The English under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes
and the French under Pierre Andre de Suffren fought a fiurece but inconclusive
naval battle off Cuddalore, India. This was the last of five similar
engagements, as Britain and France fought for land control of India.
11/6/1783, Wednesday (-59,135) James Fraser, Scottish travel writer,
was born (died 1/1856).
8/6/1783, Sunday (-59,138)
(Earthquake, Iceland) The Laki Volcano in Iceland erupted; the world�s largest volcanic
eruption. One fifth of Iceland�s inhabitants, over 10,000 people, died as a
28km long fissure opened up, from which lava covered an area of 570 square
kilometres. Some 12-15 cubic kilometres of lava were ejected. Deaths were from
poisonous gases then from famine and disease as 11,500 cattle (53%of total),
28,000 horses (77% of total) and 190,500 sheep (82% of total) also perished.
5/6/1783, Thursday (-59,141)
The Montgolfier Brothers flew the first hot air balloon. Unmanned, it ascended
to 2,000 metres and remained there for ten minutes.
====================================================================================
30/5/1783, Friday (-59,147) The first daily newspaper in the newly
independent USA, the Pennsylvania Evening
Post, began publication.
23/5/1783, Friday (-59,154)
James Otis, US patriot (born 5/2/1725), died from a lightning strike.
22/5/1783, Thursday (-59,155) William Sturgeon, English
scientist who made the first practical electromagnet, was born in Whittington,
Lancashire.
11/5/1783, Sunday (-59,166) The first British-loyalist refugees from the
newly-independent United States of America arrived at the estuary of the St
John�s River, Canada, having set sail from New York on 16/4/1783. They founded
the city of St Johns.
4/5/1783, Sunday (-59,173) Astronomer
William Herschel reported seeing a red glow near the lunar crater Aristarchus.
3/5/1783, Saturday (-59,174) Katherine II of Russia, who
was thought of as an enlightened monarch by Europeans, officially introduced serfdom in the Ukraine.
1/5/1783, Thursday (-59,176)
====================================================================================
29/4/1783, Tuesday (-59,178)
David Cox, English painter, was born (died 7/6/1859).
28/4/1783, Monday (-59,179) Sir
Eyre Coote, British soldier, died (born 1726).
24/4/1783, Thursday (-59,183)
21/4/1783, Monday (-59,186)
Reginald Heber, English hymn-writer, was born (died 3/4/1826).
20/4/1783, Sunday (-59,187) Easter
Sunday.
19/4/1783, Saturday (-59,188) US
Congress officially proclaimed victory in the War of Independence.
18/4/1783, Friday (-59,189)
17/4/1783, Thursday (-59,190) Louise
Epinay, French writer, died (born 11/3/1726).
16/4/1783, Wednesday (-59,191)
Christian Mayer, astronomer, died.
9/4/1783, Wednesday (-59,198) Tippu, Sultan of Mysore, forced Britain
to surrender the town of Bednore.
3/4/1783, Thursday (-59,204)
Washington Irving, author of Rip Van Winkle, was born.
====================================================================================
30/3/1783, Sunday (-59,208) William Hunter, British physician, died (born
23/5/1718).
25/3/1783, Tuesday (-59,213) Jean Guerin, French painter, was born
(died 19/1/1855).
=====================================================================================
24/2/1783, Monday (-59,242) The British Parliament voted to discontinue
the American War.
6/2/1783, Thursday (-59,260) (1)
English landscape gardener Lancelot �Capability�
Brown died. Kew Gardens and Blenheim Palace are examples of his work.
(2) The siege of Gibraltar
ended.
5/2/1783, Wednesday
(-59,261) Large earthquake in Calabria, Italy, 30,000 killed.
1/2/1783, Saturday
(-59,265) Andre Dupin, French statesman, was born (died 8/11/1865).
====================================================================================
23/1/1783, Thursday
(-59,274) Marie Beyle, French writer, was born in Grenoble (died in Paris
23/3/1842).
12/1/1783, Sunday
(-59,285) Erik Geijer, Swedish historical writer, was born (died
23/4/1847).
2/1/1783, Thursday
(-59,295) Johann Bodmer, author, died in Zurich (born near Zurich
19/7/1698).
1/1/1783, Wednesday
(-59,296) Britain�s oldest Chamber of Commerce was established, in Glasgow.
======================================================================================
27/12/1782, Friday (-59,301) Henry Kames, Scottish writer, died.
7/12/1782, Saturday (-59,321) Tippu Sahib succeeded his father Hyder Ali
as Sultan of Mysore, India.
5/12/1782, Thursday (-59,323) Martin van Buren, US Democrat
and 8th President, was born in Kinderhook, New York State, the son
of a farmer.
4/12/1782, Wednesday (-59,324)
Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet, died aged 81.
=====================================================================================
26/11/1782, Tuesday (-59,332) Karl Karsten, German mineralogist, was
born (died 22/8/1853).
11/11/1782, Monday (-59,347)
Francis Blackburne, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, born in County Meath (died
17/9/1867).
10/11/1782, Sunday (-59,348) The Americans massacred the
British-backed Shawnee Indians. 1,000 Kentucky riflemen fired unremittingly on
them, and destroyed their food stockpiles.
1/11/1782, Friday (-59,357) Frederick John Ripon, Viscount Goderich,
British Tory Prime Minister 1827-8, was born in London (died 1859).
=====================================================================================
27/10/1782, Sunday (-59,362) Birth
of the Italian composer and violinist Niccolo Paganini, in Genoa.
9/10/1782, Wednesday (-59,380) Lewis Cass, US politician, was born
(died 17/6/1866).
7/10/1782, Monday (-59,382) Charles MacLaren, editor, was born (died
10/9/1866).
=====================================================================================
7/9/1782, Saturday (-59,412) Susan Ferrier, Scottish novelist, was born
(died 5/11/1854).
====================================================================================
29/8/1782, Thursday (-59,421)
At Spithead, a prime ship of the British Navy, the Royal George, sank with the
loss of 900 lives. Launched in 1756, she was one of only 3 100-gun ships in the
navy. An enquiry began as to whether she sank due to rotten timbers or due to
her being heeled over so far that water entered her lower gunports.
24/8/1782, Saturday (-59,426)
David Tyrie, having been found guilty of spying for the French, became the last
person in Britain to be executed by hanging, drawing and quartering, at
Portsmouth.
15/8/1782, Thursday (-59,435) In a rearguard action in the American War
of Indepemndence, a combined British and Amerindian force about 250-strong, led
by a US turncoat called Simon Girty,�
attacked across the Ohio River to raid Bryan�s Station in kentiucky.
Some 200� armed American backwoodsmenh counterattacked,
drove the raiders back, nbut were ambushed and 70 of them killed. In reprisal,
US General George Rogers Clark led a force of over 1,000 men northwards,
destroying many Indian villages.
13/8/1782, Tuesday (-59,437) (Biology)
Henri Duhamel, French botanist, died (born 1700).
7/8/1782, Wednesday (-59,443) Andreas Marggraf, who discovered sugar
in beetroot, died (born 3/3/1709).
4/8/1782, Sunday (-59,446) Musician Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, now aged
26, married Constanze Weber in St Stephen�s Cathedral, Vienna, Austria.
=====================================================================================
16/7/1782, Tuesday (-59,465)
Mozart�s opera Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail premiered in Vienna, with Mozart
himself conducting.
15/7/1782, Monday (-59,466) Carlo
Broschi (Farinelli), Italian singer, died (born 24/1/1705).
1/7/1782, Monday (-59,480) Charles Watson-Wentworth, British Whig
Prime Minister 1765-66, died in London aged 52.
=====================================================================================
19/6/1782, Wednesday (-59,492) Hugues Lannenais, French political
writer, was born (died 27/2/1854)
10/6/1782, Monday (-59,501)
The Grand Theatre, Lancaster, was founded.
===================================================================================
20/5/1782, Monday (-59,522) William Emerson, English mathematician, died
(born 4/5/1701).
17/5/1782, Friday (-59,525) (India)
The Treaty of Salbai ended the First Maratha War, with small gains for Britain.
16/5/1782,� Thursday (-59,526) John Cotman, English landscape painter,
was born (died24/7/1842).
8/5/1782, Wednesday (-59,534) Sebastiao de Carvalho, Marquis of
Pombal, reformer and virtual ruler of Portugal 1750-77, died in Pombal aged 82.
1/5/1782, Wednesday (-59,541)
=====================================================================================
26/4/1782, Friday (-59,546)
Marie Amelie Therese, Queen of King Philippe of France, was born (died
24/3/1866).
25/4/1782, Thursday (-59,547) (Cartography)
Adrian Balbi, Italian geographer, was born in Venice (died 14/3/1848 in Padua).
21/4/1782, Sunday (-59,551) Friedrich
Froebel, German educational pioneer who established the first Kindergartens,
was born in Oberweissbach.
18/4/1782, Thursday (-59,554) Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II repealed the
Third Barrier Treaty of 1715, obliging the Dutch to evacuate the garrisons in
the Barrier Towns in the Austrian Netherlands, which they did evacuate this
day.
16/4/1782, Tuesday (-59,556) William Jerdan,Scottish journalist, was
born (died 11/7/1869).
12/4/1782, Friday (-59,560) Admiral
Rodney defeated a French fleet off the West Indies in the Battle of the Saints;
named after the nearby Saints islands. This was during the War of American
Independence.
7/4/1782, Sunday (-59,565) Sir
Francis Chantrey, English sculptor, was born (died 25/11/1841).
6/4/1782, Saturday (-59,566) Chao
P�ya Chakri founded the Chakri Dynasty in Siam, ruling as King Rama I. He made
Bangkok the capital.
====================================================================================
31/3/1782, Sunday (-59,572) Easter Sunday.
20/3/1782, Wednesday (-59,583) Lord North left office as
Prime Minister.
19/3/1782, Tuesday (-59,584) (USA) Lord
North resigned as Prome Minister of Britain, because of the failure of his
Government to retain sovereignty over North America.
18/3/1782, Monday (-59,585) John
Calhoun, US statesman (died 31/3/1850) was born.
17/3/1782, Sunday (-59,586) The Swiss physicist Edward
Bernoulli died.
16/3/1782, Saturday (-59,587)
15/3/1782, Friday (-59,588) (USA)
A Motion of No Confidence in Lord North�s administration was defeated in the House
of Commons by nine votes.
14/3/1782, Thursday (-59,589) Thomas
Benton, US politician, was born in North Carolina (died in Washington
10/4/1858).
11/3/1782, Monday (-59,592)
8/3/1782, Friday (-59,595) The
Gnadenhutten Massacre in Delaware. 160 volunteers under Colonel David
Williamson attacked the Moravian mission town of Gnadenhutten. 90 Christian
indigenous American Indian men women and children were slaughtered, and the
mission church burnt down. A few survivors managed to flee to Canada.
7/3/1782, Thursday (-59,596)
(Christian) Angelo Mai, Vatican librarian, was born (died 8/9/1854).
===================================================================================
27/2/1782, Wednesday (-59,604)
The UK Parliament rejected Lord North�s
appeal to continue the American War. Lord North resigned on 19/3/1782
and was replaced by Lord Rockingham.
22/2/1782, Friday (-59,609) In Britain, a Parliamentary Motion opposing
the Governments continuation of the war in North America was defeated by a
single vote.
13/2/1782, Wednesday (-59,618) France captured St Kitts from Britain.
5/2/1782, Tuesday (-59,626)
Spain captured Minorca from Britain.
==================================================================================
29/1/1782, Tuesday (-59,633) Daniel Auber, French composer, was born in
Caen (died 1871)
20/1/1782, Sunday (-59,642) Joseph Hormayr, German historical writer, was
born (died 5/10/1848)
18/1/1782, Friday (-59,644) Daniel Webster, US politician, was born in
Salisbury, New Hampshire (died 1852).
11/1/1782, Friday (-59,651) The United Netherlands surrendered
Trimcomalee, Sri Lanka, to Britain
5/1/1782, Saturday (-59,657) Robert Morrison, first Protestant
missionary to China, was born (died 1/8/1834).
1/1/1782, Tuesday (-59,661)
Johann Christian Bach, composer, died.
===================================================================================
31/12/1781, Monday (-59,662) The
American Congress established the Bank of North America at Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
2/12/1781, Sunday (-59,691) Cenon Ensenada, Spanish statesman, died (born
2/6/1702).
11/12/1781, Tuesday (-59,682) Sir David Brewster, scientist, was born
(died 10/2/1868).
====================================================================================
29/11/1781, Thursday (-59,694) The slave ship Zong sighted land in the West Indies
(see 6/9/1781). Collingwood, the ship�s Master, told his officers there was
insufficient water for them and all the slaves on board. Dysentery had also
plagued the ship on its voyage from Liverpool, killing 60 slaves and 7 crew.
Collingwood said if the slaves died of thirst the ship�s owners would bear the
loss but if they were thrown overboard the loss would be covered� under insurance as a legal jettison. The
weakest 132 slaves were picked out; 54 were thrown overboard that day, 42 the
next day, and a further 26 were handcuffed and thrown overboard a few days
later. A further ten jumped overboard before they were thrown. On 22/12/1781
the Zong docked at Kingston, Jamaica; the remaining slaves were sold and
Collingwood returned to England, and claimed �30 each for the 132 �jettisoned�
slaves. The insurers refused to pay, and the first trial ruled in favour of
Collingwood, saying �it was the same as if horses had been thrown overboard�.
The insurers appealed to the Court of Exchequer and Lord Mansfield, judge,
ruled otherwise. He said that although the law supported Collingwood, a higher
principle applied; distinguishing between �law� and justice� he ruled in this
�shocking case� against Collingwood. Mansfield�s
ruling was the first in an English Court that a slave was not simply
merchandise.
21/11/1781, Wednesday (-59,702) Jean
Maurepas, French statesman, died.
20/11/1781, Tuesday (-59,703)
Karl Eichhorn, German legal writer, was born (died 4/7/1854).
13/11/1781, Tuesday (-59,710) British
forces captured the Dutch settlement at Negapattam, near Madras, India.
6/11/1781, Tuesday (-59,717) (Arts)
Lucy Aikin, historical writer, was born in Warrington (died 29/1/1864 in
Hampstead, London) .
4/11/1781, Sunday (-59,719) Johann Gotz, German poet, died (born 9.7/1721).
2/11/1781, Friday (-59,721) Jose
Isla, Spanish satirical writer, died (born 24/3/1703).
1/11/1781, Thursday (-59,722) Austria abolished serfdom, and gave all citizens the right of
marriage, free movement, and instruction in any handicraft.� This initially applied to Bohemia, Moravia,
and Silesia; to Galicia soon after, and to Hungary in 1785.� Landowners had certain rights remaining, such
as corvee, but these were reduced by later laws.
=====================================================================================
19/10/1781, Friday (-59,735) British forces under Lord Cornwallis, 7,000 soldiers, surrendered to
George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia.�
This was a combined force of Americans and their French allies. �This ended the American War of Independence.
17/10/1781, Wednesday (-59,737) Edward Hawke, British Admiral, died
(born 1705).
13/10/1781, Saturday (-59,741) Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II gramted a
patent of religious tolerance within the empire, along with freedom of the
press.
5/10/1781, Friday (-59,749) After the victory at Chesapeake Bay
(5/9/1781), George Washington commenced a heavy attack on the British besieged
in Yorktown.
=====================================================================================
19/9/1781, Wednesday (-50,675) (Britain)
Tobias Furneaux, English navigator, died (born 21/8/1735).
16/9/1781, Sunday (-50,678) (USA) The British holding Yorktown
scuttled ships in the estuary of Yorktown to try and thwart a French attack by
sea. The British had superior sea-power (but faced a French naval threat)
whilst the American rebels controlled the inland regions. The British hoped
that some 2,000 escaped slaves, who believed a British victory would mean
freedom for them, would enable their victory, but the Carolinas area could not
be held against American forces. In August 1781 the British commander, Cornwallis,
retreated to Virginia and established a defensive perimeter at Yorktown,
Besides French warships, the British knew that the French commander Rochambeau
was marching south from the Hudson Valley. The British sailed south from New
York to support Yorktown, but a cannon battle off Yorktown between British and
French proved inconclusive. After five
days the British fleet under Graves, outgunned, withdrew back to New York.
Yorktown was to surrender on 19/10/1781, ending the War of Independence.
11/9/1781, Tuesday (-59,773) Johann Ernesti, German religious writer, died
(born 4/8/1707)..
8/9/1781, Saturday (-59,776) British forces under Alexander Stewart
defeated American troops under Nathaniel Greene at the Battle of Eutaw Springs,
North Carolina. Also this day British forces looted and burnt New London,
Connecticut.
6/9/1781, Thursday (-59,778) The slave ship Zong left Liverpool, with Luke
Collingwood as its Master, with 400 slaves and 17 crew, see 29/11/1781.
5/9/1781, Wednesday (-59,779) (USA)
Battle of Chesapeake Bay, USA, between
British and French fleets. The British with 19 ships were defeated by De
Grasse Tilly with 24 ships. The British were prevented from resupplying the
troops under Lord Cornwallis, who was under siege in Yorktown.
4/9/1781, Tuesday (-59,780) (USA)
In California, the Spanish founded a tiny village near San Gabriel. They
called it Los Angeles.
3/9/1781, Monday (-59,781) (France)
Eugene de Beauharnais, French soldier and stepson of Napoleon I, was born in
Paris (died 1824).
=====================================================================================
30/8/1781, Thursday (-59,785) A
French fleet commanded by De Grasse Tilly arrived in Chesapeake Bay.
12/8/1781, Sunday (-59,803) Robert Mills, US neoclassical architect, was
born in Charleston., South Carolina (died 1855)
1/8/1781, Wednesday (-59,814) British forces under Charles, Lord
Cornwallis, occupied Yorktown, Virginia.
======================================================================================
11/7/1781, Wednesday (-59,835) Bartolommeo Borghesi, Italian
antiquarian, was born near Rimini (died in San Marino 16/4/1860).
6/7/1781, Friday (-59,840)
General Cornwallis defeated General Lafayette at Jamestown Road, Virginia.
5/7/1781, Thursday (-59,841)
Sir Stamford Raffles, who founded Singapore, was born.
1/7/1781, Sunday (-59,845) In India, British troops defeated Hyder Ali
at Porto Novo. This established British hegemony over southern India.
=====================================================================================
21/6/1781, Thursday (-59,855) Simeon Denis Poisson, French
mathematician, was born in Pithiviers (died 1840)
17/6/1781, Sunday (-59,859) Francisco Mina, Spanish soldier who resisted
the French invasion in 1808, was born (died 24/12/1836).
9/6/1781, Saturday (-59,867) George
Stephenson, inventor of The Rocket,
was born in Wylam on Tyne, near Newcastle.�
He was the son of a colliery engine-keeper.
6/6/1781, Wednesday (-59,870) Dutch Boer settlers in South Africa massacred black Xhosa tribesmen for
the third time in three years. Dutch settlers were expanding eastwards, and
successfully enslaving or driving away the Khoisan tribes, but the Xhosa put up
more resistance.
5/6/1781, Tuesday (-59,871) Christian
Lobeck, German classical scholarly writer, was born (died 25/8/1860).
===================================================================================
27/5/1781, Sunday (-59,880) (Electrical)
Giovanni Beccaria, Italian electrical physicist, died in Turin (born in Mondovi
3/10/1716).
19/5/1781, Saturday (-59,888) The French Finance Minister Jacques Necker
was forced to resign when Queen Marie Antionette opposed his policy of raising
loans to finance French participation in the American Revolution.
9/5/1781, Wednesday (-59.898) A
Spanish force from New Orleans captured Pensacola, Florida, from the British,
taking advantage of the distraction of the British war with the colonies.
8/5/1781, Tuesday (-59,899)
Richard Jago, English poet,died (born 1715).
4/5/1781, Friday (-59,903) Karl Krause, German philosophical writer,
was born (died 27/9/1832).
==================================================================================
29/4/1781, Sunday (-59,908) Charles Cottenham, Lord Chancellor of
England, was born (died 29/4/1851).
15/4/1781, Sunday (-59,922) Easter Sunday.
8/4/1781, Sunday (-59,930) Premier performance of Mozart�s violin sonata
K379.
==================================================================================
18/3/1781, Sunday (-59,950) Anne-Robert-Jacques
Turgot, French economist and administrator, died in Paris aged 53.
17/3/1781, Saturday (-59,951)
Ebenezer Elliott, English poet, was born (died 1/12/1849).
15/3/1781, Thursday (-59,953) US General Nathaniel Greene fought a
stand-off battle with the British under General Charles Cornwallis, at the
Battle of Guildford Courthouse, North Carolina. Cornwallis claimed victory, but
retreated north towards Washington.
13/3/1781, Tuesday (-59,955)
(Space
exploration) Astronomer William Herschel
discovered the planet Uranus, although
initially he mistook it for a comet. He called it Georgium Sidus (George�s Star) in honour of King George III.
6/3/1781, Tuesday (-59,962) Ignaz Castelli, Austrian dramatist, was
born (died 5/2/1862).
1/3/1781, Thursday (-59,967)
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were ratified by all US
States.
===================================================================================
27/2/1781, Tuesday (-59,969)
24/2/1781, Saturday (-59,972) Edward Capell, English literary critic, died
(born 11/6/1713).
20/2/1781, Tuesday (-59,976)
18/2/1781, Sunday (-59,978) Henry Martyn, English missionary to India,
was born (died 6/10/1812).
16/2/1781, Friday (-59,980) Rene Laennec, French doctor
who invented and named the stethoscope, was born in Quimper, Brittany.
15/2/1781, Thursday (-59,981) Gotthold
Lessing, German dramatist, died (born 22/1/1729).
13/2/1781, Tuesday (-59,983)
3/2/1781, Saturday (-59,993) Having
declared war on the Dutch (see 20/11/1780), the British captured from the Dutch
the island of St Eustatius.
====================================================================================
30/1/1781, Tuesday (-59,997)
Adelbert Chamisso, German poet, was born (died 21/8/1838).
29/1/1781, Monday (-59,998)
Mozart�s dramatic opera Idomeneo
premiered in Munich.
26/1/1781, Friday (-60,001) Ludwig Arnim, German writer, was born in
Berlin (died in Brandenburg 21/1/1831).
24/1/1781, Wednesday (-60,003) Louis Mole, French statesman, was born
(died 23/11/1855).
17/1/1781, Wednesday (-60,010) In North America, Daniel Morgan, leader
of the Virginian forces, won a majpor victory against the British at the Battle
of Cowpens, South Carolina.
14/1/1781, Sunday (-60,013) Henry Clinton, English scholarly writer, was
born (died 24/10/1852).
12/1/1781, Friday (-60,015) Richard Challoner, English religious
writer, died (born 29/9/1691).
5/1/1781, Friday (-60,022) France attempted another invasion of
the Channel Islands (see 1/5/1779). This too failed and they never attempted to
invade again.
1/1/1781, Monday (-60,026) The first wholly iron bridge
in the world was opened at Ironbridge, Shropshire, consisting
of a 100 foot span across the Severn. In 1755 an iron bridge had been planned
across the Rhone at Lyons but owing to the high cost only one span was made of
iron; the others of wood.
===================================================================================
26/12/1780, Tuesday (-60,032) John Fothergill, English physician, died
(born 8/3/1712).
23/12/1780, Saturday (-60,035) France was suffering a deepening financial crisis, in part caused by the
costs of supporting the Americans against Britain.
22/12/1780, Friday (-60,036) James
Harris, English scholarly writer, died (born 20/9/1709).
20/12/1780, Wednesday (-60,038) John Croker, British author, was born
(died 10/8/1857).
15/12/1780, Friday (-60,043)
Johann Dobereiner, German chemist, was born (died 24/3/1849).
14/12/1780, Thursday (-60,044)
Karl Nesselrode, Russian statesman, was born (died 23/3/1862)
13/12/1780, Wednesday (-60,045) Johann
Wolfgang was born in Hof, Bavaria. He discovered the catalytic properties of
platinum, speeding up the reactions of organic gases. He also noticed
similarities between elements, suggesting a Periodic Table.
====================================================================================
29/11/1780, Wednesday (-60,059)
Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, wife of Emperor Francis I n(1745-65) died in
Vienna. Her son, Holy Roma Emperor Joseph II, became sole ruler of the Hapsburg
lands.
22/11/1780, Wednesday (-60,066) Konradin Kreutzer, German composer, was
born (died 14/12/1849).
20/11/1780,
Monday (-60,068)
Britain
declared war on Holland, one of the members of the League of Armed Neutrality.
This League had been set up on 28/2/1780 by Czarina Catherine II of Russia,
after complaints that the British navy was attacking other country�s ships
indiscriminately whether they were involved in the American War on Independence
or not.
19/11/1780, Sunday
(-60,069) William Laidlaw, writer, was born (died 18/5/1845).
17/11/1780,
Friday (-60,071) (Denmark)
Peter Brondsted, Danish archaeologist, was born (died 26/6/1842).
14/11/1780,
Tuesday (-60,074) Jacobus Houbraken, Dutch
engraver, died (25/12/1698).
2/11/1780,
Thursday (-60,086) Jacques Brunet, French
writer, was born (died 14/11/1867).
====================================================================================
20/10/1780,
Friday (-60,099) Thomas Horne, English
religious writer, was born (died 27/1/1862).
10/10/1780,
Tuesday (-60,109) (Medical)
John Abercrombie, Scottish physician (died 145/11/1844) born in Aberdeen.
7/10/1780,
Saturday (-60,112) Battle of Kings Mountain. A force of 900
from North Carolina defeated 900 pro-British militia.
2/10/1780,
Monday (-60,117)
John Andre (see 23/9/1780) was executed as a spy.
===================================================================================
23/9/1780,
Saturday (-60,126) During
the War of American Independence, British agent John Andre, carrying
information that Benedict Arnold was about to surrender West Point, was
captured by American forces.
10/9/1780, Sunday (-60,139) Hyder Ali, Sultan of Mysore,
conquered most of the Carnatic (modern Karnatka) in southern India, with French
support.
2/9/1780,
Saturday (-60,147) (Christian)
Lant Carpenter, English Unitarian Minister, was born (died 5/4/1840).
==================================================================================
29/8/1780,
Tuesday (-60,151) Jean Ingres, French painter,
was born (died 17/1/1867).
26/8/1780,
Saturday (-60,154) Sir William Hoste, British Naval Captain,
was born (died 6/12/1828).
19/8/1780, Saturday (-60,161) Pierre Beranger, French songwriter, was
born in Paris (died 16/7/1857).
17/8/1780,
Thursday (-60,163) George Croly, British
author, was born in Dublin.
16/8/1780,
Wednesday (-60,164)
Battle of Camden, South Carolina. British forces
under Charles, Lord Cornwallis, defeated an American Army under Horatio Gates.
British forces then advanced through Noirth Carolina into Virginia.
3/8/1780,
Thursday (-60,177) Etienne Condillac, French
philosophical writer, died (born 30/9/1715).
==================================================================================
11/7/1780,
Tuesday (-60,200) Timothy Flint, US writer,
was born (died 16/8/1840).
5/7/1780, Wednesday
(-60,206) Samuel Musgrave, English scholarly writer, died (born 29/9/1732).
4/7/1780,
Tuesday (-60,207) Charles, Prince of Lorraine,
died (born 12/12/1712).
2/7/1780, Sunday (-60,209) Henry Petty Fitzmaurice,
British statesman, was born (died 31/1/1863).
===================================================================================
3/6/1780,
Saturday (-60,238) William Hone, English writer, was born
(died 6/11/1842).
2/6/1780,
Friday (-60,239)
The Gordon Riots, anti-Catholic �No Popery� demonstrations named after Lord
George Gordon, broke out in London. Lord Gordon had called his supporters to St
Georges Fields and led them to protest against removal of some restrictions on
Roman Catholics under the Catholic Relief Act of 1778.
1/6/1780,
Thursday (-60,240)
Karl von Clausewitz, military strategist, was born, in Burg, near Magdeburg,
Prussia.
=====================================================================================
21/5/1780.
Sunday (-60,251) Elizabeth Fry, prison reformer, was
born in Norwich. She was the daughter of a Quaker banker, John Gurney.
12/5/1780.
Friday (-60,260)
Charleston, in South Carolina, surrendered with 5,000 American troops to the
British under Major Benjamin Lincoln.
11/5/1780,
Thursday (-60,261) Carl Hase, French Byzantine
historical writer, was born (died 21/3/1864).
8/5/1780,
Monday (-60,264) Jean
Leber, French historical writer, was born (died 22/12/1859).
5/5/1780,
Friday (-60,267) John James Audubon, US
naturalist, was born (died 27/1/1851).
4/5/1780,
Thursday (-60,268)
The first Derby horse race was run, at Epsom.
3/5/1780, Wednesday (-60,269)
2/5/1780,
Tuesday (-60,270)
Louis XVI sent 6,000 men to New England
to reinforce the American forces against the British. On 11/5/1780 the
Americans began negotiating with Spain to get support; France had been
pressurising Spain to support the Americans.
1/5/1780, Monday
(-60,271) Philip Marheineke, German religious writer, was born (died
31/5/1846).
=====================================================================================
30/4/1780, Sunday (-60,272)
29/4/1780,
Saturday (-60,273) Claude Dorat, French writer, died (born
31/12/1734).
28/4/1780,
Friday (-60,274)
The first advertisement for an abortion clinic appeared on the back page of
London�s Morning Post. The address
was 23, Fleet Street, London
19/4/1780, Wednesday (-60,283) Irish politician Henry
Grattan demanded Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament.
7/4/1780,
Friday (-60,295) William Channing, US
religious writer, was born (died 2/10/1842).
6/4/1780, Thursday
(-60,296) (Britain) Lord Ashburton brought a resolution in the British Parliament
to condemn the King, George III, for supporting the Government of Lord North.
===================================================================================
26/3/1780,
Sunday (-60,307) Easter
Sunday. The first Sunday newspaper
in Britain was published; the British
Gazette and Sunday Monitor.
17/3/1780,
Friday (-60,316) Thomas Chalmers, Scottish
religious writer, was born (died 30/5/1847).
10/3/1780, Friday (-60,323) (USA) Russia created the
League of Armed Neutrality to stop British ships searching neutral vessels for
�contraband of war� intended to support the American rebels. This League was
subsequently joined by France, Spain, Austria, Prussia, Denmark and Sweden.
==================================================================================
19/2/1780,
Saturday (-60,343) Friedrich Hagen, German scholarly writer,
was born (died 11/6/1856).
14/2/1780,
Monday (-60,348) (Britain)
Sir William Blackstone, English jurist, died (born in London 10/7/1723).
===================================================================================
29/1/1780,
Saturday (-60,364) (Britain)
Charles Canterbury, British politician, was born (died 21/7/1845).
16/1/1780, Sunday (-60,377) British
troops under Admiral Rodney defeated the Spanish, destroying all but four ships of their fleet, at Cape St
Vincent. This temporarily lifted the siege of Gibraltar.
14/1/1780, Friday (-40,379) Edward Jesse, English writer, was born
(died 28/3/1868).
12/1/1780, Wednesday (-40,381) Wilhelm de Wette, German religious
writer, was born (died 16/6/1849).
4/1/1780,
Tuesday (-60,389) Horace Binney, US lawyer,
was born in Pennsylvania (died 1875).
=====================================================================================
31/12/1779,
Friday (-60,393) Johann Cotta, German
religious writer died (born 12/3/1701).
23/12/1779,
Thursday (-60,401) (Britain)
Augustus John Hervey, Third Earl of Bristol, died (born 19/5/1724).
22/12/1779,
Wednesday (-60,402) Thomas Gaisford, English
scholarly writer, was born (died 2/6/1855).
18/12/1779,
Saturday (-60,406) Joseph
Grimaldi, English clown who invented the white face make up for clowns, was
born.
6/12/1779, Monday (-60,418) Jean Baptiste Chardin,
painter, died in Paria aged 80.
====================================================================================
5/11/1779, Friday (-60,449) Washington Allston, US artist, was born in
Waccamaw, South Carolina. He died 9/7/1843 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
3/11/1779, Wednesday (-60,451) Hugh Gough, British Field Marshal, was
born (died 2/3/1869).
===================================================================================
26/10/1779,
Tuesday (-60,459) Henry Cockburn, Scottish
Judge, was born (died 26/4/1854).
9/10/1779,
Saturday (-60,476) The
first Luddite riots began in
Manchester against the introduction of machinery for spinning cotton.
6/10/1779,
Wednesday (-60,479) (USA)
Nathan Appleton, US politician, was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire (died in
Boston 14/7/1861).
=====================================================================================
23/9/1779, Thursday (-60,492)
American privateers on the Bonhomme
Richard, captained by John Paul Jones, captured the British warship, the Serapis,
after a great battle off the English coast at Flamborough Head, Yorkshire.� This was during the war of the American
Revolution.
17/9/1779, Friday (-60,498) (Britain)
John Campbell, Lord Chancellor of England, was born (died 23/6/1861).
15/9/1779, Wednesday (-60,500) (Belize)
Belize was invaded by a Spanish force. Prisoners were taken to Yucatan, then
Havana,l where most died; the survivors were freed and allowed to go to Jamaica
in 1782. However see 3/9/1783.
7/9/1779, Tuesday (-60,508) John Armstrong, writer, died.
====================================================================================
10/8/1779, Tuesday (-60,536)
Louis XVI freed the last remaining serfs on royal land.
7/8/1779, Saturday (-60,539) (France)
Louis Freycinet, French navigator, was born (died 18/8/1842).
1/8/1779, Sunday (-60,545) Francis
Scott Kay, US poet who wrote The Star Spangled Banner, which became the
official US national anthem in 1931, was born in Carroll County, Maryland.
=====================================================================================
23/7/1779, Friday (-60,554) Thomas Denman, English Judge, was born
(died� 26/9/1854).
15/7/1779, Thursday (-60,562) Clement Clarke Moore, US scholarly
writer, was born in New York (died 1863).
6/7/1779, Tuesday (-60,571) French forces captured the British-held
island of Grenada in the Caribbean.
2/7/1779, Friday (-60,575)
====================================================================================
29/6/1779, Tuesday (-60,578) Anton Raphael Mengs, early Italian
neoclassical painter, died in Rome aged 51.
18/6/1779, Friday (-60,589) French forces captured the British-held
island of St Vincent in the Caribbean.
16/6/1779, Wednesday (-60,591)
The siege of Gibraltar by Spanish forces began. Spain declared war on Britain
after promises of assistance form France in recovering Gibraltar and Florida.
3/6/1779, Thursday (-60,604) Pierre Jaubert, French orientalist
writer, was born (died 28/1/1847).
====================================================================================
28/5/1779, Friday (-60,610) Thomas Moore, Irish poet, was born (died
25/2/1852).
15/5/1779, Saturday (-60,623) Napoleon, aged 9, entered the Military
School at Brienne.
13/5/1779, Thursday (-60,625)
At the Peace of Teschen, Austria made peace with Frederick of Prussia.� Austria received a small part of Bavaria, the
Innvertiel, and renounced all claims to the Bavarian inheritance.
2/5/1779, Sunday (-60,236) John
Galt, Scottish novelist, was born (died 11/4/1839).
1/5/1779, Saturday (-60,237) (France) France attempted an invasion of the
Channel Islands. French troops landed on a beach on Jersey but were beaten back
by the Island�s militia. See 5/1/1781.
=====================================================================================
27/4/1779, Tuesday (-60,641) Pavlovich Constantine, Grand Duke of
Russia, was born (died 27/6/1831).
12/4/1779, Monday (-60,656) A secret treaty was signed at
Aranjuez, whereby Spain agreed to help
France in supporting the American rebels against the British. See
16/1/1780.
11/4/1779, Sunday (-60,651) Joseph
de Jussieu, naturalist, died (born 3/9/1704)).
4/4/1779, Sunday (-60,664) Easter Sunday.
====================================================================================
20/3/1779, Saturday (-60,679) (USA) Simon Brute,
US prelate, was born (died 26/6/1839).
15/3/1779, Monday (-60,684) William Melbourne, English statesman, was
born (died 24/11/1848).
6/3/1779, Saturday (-60,693) Antoine Jomini, French General, was born
(died 24/3/1869).
=====================================================================================
21/2/1779, Sunday (-60,706)
Friedrich Karl von Savigny, German legal writer, was born in Frankfurt am Main
(died 1861)
14/2/1779, Sunday (-60,713)
Explorer Captain James Cook,
born 27/10/1728, stabbed to death at Keelakekeua Bay by natives of Owyhee, the
modern Hawaii. See 28/4/1770,
18/1/1778.
9/2/1779, Tuesday (-60,718) Anne Boutet, French actress, was born
(died 20/3/1847).
7/2/1779, Sunday (-60,720) William Boyce, English composer, died (born
in London 7/2/1710).
5/2/1779, Friday (-60,722) American troops recaptured the fort at
Vincennes from the British.
===================================================================================
20/1/1779, Wednesday (-60,738)
David Garrick, English actor and theatre manager, died. He was buried in
Westminster Abbey.
18/1/1779, Monday (-60,740) Peter
Mark Roget, author of Roget�s Thesaurus, was born.
5/1/1779, Tuesday (-60,753) Stephen Decatur, US naval commander, was
born (died 22/3/1820).
===================================================================================
29/12/1778, Tuesday (-60,760)
The British captured Savannah,
the capital of Georgia.
22/12/1778, Tuesday (-40,767) Simon Lantara, French landscape painter,
died (born 24/3/1729).
17/12/1778, Thursday (-60,772)
Sir Humphrey Davy, inventor of
the miner�s safety lamp, was born in Penzance (died 1829).� He was the son of a woodcarver. He also
discovered the elements sodium, calcium, barium, magnesium, potassium and
strontium by passing electricity through molten metal compounds.
6/12/1778, Sunday (-60,783) Joseph
Gay-Lussac, French scientist, was born in St Leonard.
====================================================================================
28/11/1778, Saturday (-80,791) Christoph Houwald, German author, was born
(died 28/1/1845)
14/11/1778, Saturday (-80,805) Johann Hummel, German composer, was born
(died 1837).
11/11/1778, Wednesday (-60,808) Two Iriquois villages had earlier been
destroyed by American troops, as the Iriquois had been allied with the Briitsh.
This day, in retaliation, some 500 Iriquois led by Chief Joseph Brant
(1742-1807) attacked the town of Cherry Valley, New York State, destroying
every building, and killing some 50 defenders, and wounding or taking prisoner
another 70.
1/11/1778, Sunday (-60,818) Gustavus
IV, King of Sweden, was born.
====================================================================================
26/10/1778, Monday (-60,824) Charles Glenelg, British politician, was
born (died 23/4/1886).
18/10/1778, Sunday (-60,832) (India)
The city of Pondicherry surrendered to the British.
5/10/1778, Monday (-60,845) Jacques Champollion-Figeac, French
historical writer, was born (died 1867).
====================================================================================
19/9/1778, Saturday (-60,861) (Britain)
Henry Brougham, Lord Chancellor of England, was born (died 7/5/1868).
8/9/1778, Tuesday (-60,872) Klemens Brentano, German poet and
novelist, was born (died 28/7/1842).
====================================================================================
29/8/1778, Saturday (-60,882) American forces under John Sullivan
abandoned their siege of Broitish-held Newport, Rhode Island, after the
departiure of the Comte d�Estaing�s fleet to Boston for repairs.
12/8/1778, Wednesday (-60,899) Francis Horner, British economist, was
born (died 8/2/1817).
11/8/1778, Tuesday (-60,900) Friedrich Jahn, German pedagogical
writer,was born (died 15/10/1852).
3/8/1778. Monday (-60,908) La
Scala opera house� in Milan opened, the
work of Guiseppe Piermarini.
1/8/1778. Saturday (-60,910) The
first savings bank opened, in Hamburg.
====================================================================================
27/7/1778, Monday (-60,915)
The Battle of Ushant, between
Britain and France. The French under Louis Guillouet defeated Augustus Keppel.
This defeat of tye British enabled the French to send naval support to America.
14/7/1777, Tuesday (-60,928) William Leake, geographical writer, was
born (died 6/1/1860).
10/7/1778. Friday (-60,932) In support of the American rebels, France
declared war on Britain. In December 1778 Louis XIV issued a loan of 80 million
livres; France ran up a large deficit supporting the American rebels.
8/7/1778, Wednesday (-60,934) A
French fleet under Jean Baptiste arrived off the Delaware Capes in support of
the Americans.
3/7/1778, Friday (-60,939)
Prussia, allied with Saxony, declared war on the Hapsburg monarchy after its
occupation of Lower Bavaria. Fighting continued until May 1779.
2/7/1778. Thursday (-60,940) Jean Jacques Rousseau, the French political
philosopher born in Geneva on 28/6/1712, died insane in Ermenonville.
==================================================================================
28/6/1778. Sunday (-60,944) The British were defeated by George
Washington at the Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey.
24/6/1778, Wednesday (-60,948) Pieter Burmann, Dutch scholarly writer, died
(born 13/10/1714).
20/6/1778, Saturday (-60,952) Jean Martignac, French statesman, was born
(died 3/4/1832).
18/6/1778, Thursday (-60,954)
British General Sir Henry Clinton evacuated Philadelphia, in the face of a
threatened American and French blockade of the city.
17/6/1778, Wednesday (-60,955)
The American Continemtal Congress rejected a British offer of peace, and the
Revolution continued.
16/6/1778, Tuesday (-60,956) Konrad
Ekhof, German actor, died (born 12/8/1720).
7/6/1778. Sunday (-60,965) Beau Brummel was born in London, as George Bryan Brummell.
Although he became a leader of fashion and a friend of the Prince Regent, he
died destitute in France, aged 64, through gambling and extravagance.
=================================================================================
30/5/1778. Saturday (-60,973) Writer and philosopher
Voltaire died aged 84. His real
name was Francois Marie Arouet.
25/5/1778, Monday (-60,978)
Claus Harms, German religious writer, was born (died 1/2/1855).
18/5/1778, Monday (-60,985)
Samuel Hoar, US lawyer, was born (died 2/11/1856)
11/5/1778. Monday (-60,992) Statesman
William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham, died at Hayes, Middlesex.
4/5/1778, Monday (-60,999) The American Continental
Congress ratified the Treaty of Amity amd Commerce, and the Treaty of Alliance,
with France.
=====================================================================================
22/4/1778, Wednesday (-61,011)
James Hargreaves, inventor of
the �spinning jenny� in 1764, died in Nottingham.
19/4/1778, Sunday (-61,014) Easter
Sunday.
7/4/1778, Tuesday (-61,026) British politician William
Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham, made his final speech against the continuing
hostilities in America.
5/4/1778, Sunday (-61,028) Britain appointed Commissioners
to negotiate woth the American Congress and renounce British taxation roghts over
the� colonies.
==================================================================================
13/3/1778, Friday (-61,051) Charles le Beau, French
historical writer, died (born 15/10/1701).
5/3/1778, Thursday (-61,059) Thomas Arne, English
composer, died in London.
====================================================================================
25/2/1778, Wednesday (-61,067) Jose San Marti, Argentine
revolutionary who fought against Spanish rule, was born in Yapeyu (died 1850).
17/2/1778, Tuesday (-61,075) British Prime Minister Lord
North, in response to the treaty between America and France, presented a plan
to the British Parliament for reconciliation with the American colonies.
8/2/1778, Sunday (-61,084) Henri Louis Cain, French actor,
died (born 14/4/1728).
6/2/1778, Friday (-61,086)
France recognised the independence of the United States.
4/2/1778, Wednesday (-61,088)
Augustin Candolle, Swiss botanist (died 9/9/1841) was born.
==================================================================================
26/1/1778, Monday (-61,097) Ugo
Foscolo, Italian writer, was born (died 10/10.1827).
22/1/1778, Thursday (-61,101) Lord Byron, English romantic poet, was born in London
18/1/1778, Sunday (-61,105) Captain James Cook discovered Hawaii, then known
as the Sandwich Islands. Having sailed from the Cape of Good Hope in 1776, Cook�s
plan was to sail through the Bering Straits and attempt to find a north-east
route between Europe and the Pacific from the eastern side. See 14/2/1779.
11/1/1778, Sunday (-61,112) Agathon Fain, French historical writer, was
born (died 16/9/1837).
10/1/1778, Saturday (-61,113) Carl
Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist who devised the modern system of naming and
classifying plants, died in Uppsala.
5/1/1778, Monday (-61,118) Charles
Etienne, French writer, was born (died 13/3/1845).
3/1/1778, Saturday (-61,120) Elector Karl Theodor of the
Palatinate recognised the claim of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II on Lower Bavaria.
Austrian troops occupied Lower bavaria, despite the efforts of Frederick II The
Great of Prussia to persuade Theodor to resist.
===================================================================================
30/12/1777, Tuesday (-61,124) Maximilian III died and the
Bavarian succession passed to Elector Karl Theodor of the Palatinate. However
Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II made a claim on Lower Bavaria.
23/12/1777. Tuesday (-61,131) (1) Tsar Alexander I, who defeated Napoleon�s invasion of Russia
in 1812, was born.
(2) A plot to overthrow General Washington was discovered and
its leader executed.
17/12/1777, Wednesday (-61,137) Louis XIV recognised the independence of the American colonies. On
6/2/1778 France signed a trade agreement with the United States and entered the
war against Britain. This was the result of negotiations by Benjamin Franklin,
who was effectively the permanent American ambassador at Versailles.
====================================================================================
29/11/1777, Saturday (-61,155) Sir
Henry Ellis, writer, was born (died 15/1/1869).
20/11/1777, Thursday (-61,164) The British under Sir
William Howe captured Forts Mifflin and Mercer, gaining control of the
Delaware.
15/11/1777, Saturday (-61,169) The American Congress adopted
the Articles of Confederatioin and sent them to the individual States for
ratification.
6/11/1777, Thursday (-61,178) Bernard de Jussieu, writer,
died (born 17/8/1699).
=====================================================================================
26/10/1777, Sunday (-61,189) Francis
Fawkes, English poet, died (born 1720).
21/10/1777, Tuesday (-61,194) Samuel
Foote, English dramatist, died (born 27/1/1720).
18/10/1777, Saturday (-61,197) Bernd Kleist, German poet,
was born (died 21/11/1811).
17/10/1777, Friday (-61,198) At the Battle of Saratoga,
American troops under General Horatio Gates defeated British troops under John
Burgoyne, during the War of American Independence. The British Army surrendered and signed a Convention that they were to
be disarmed and sent back to Britain. This
major defeat made Britain evacuate all bases but New York and Rhode Island, and
concentrate on gaining support in the southern States. France was encouraged by Saratoga to back the Americans, and their
alliance with them in February 1778 escalated a colonial dispute into a clash
of European Empires.
16/10/1777,
Thursday (-61,199) Lorenzo Dow, US religious
writer, was born (died 2/2/1834).
13/10/1777,
Monday (-61,202)
7/10/1777,
Tuesday (-61,208) The Battle of Bemis Heights.
A preliminary skirmish during the Saratoga Campaign in the US War of
Independence.
6/10/1777,
Monday (-61,209) Guillaume Dupuytren, French
surgeon, was born (died 8/2/1835).
4/10/1777, Saturday (-61,211) George Washington was defeated by the British at Germanstown.� George Washington�s attack was foiled by fog,
throwing the attacking columns into confusion.
===================================================================================
26/9/1777, Friday (-61,219) British troops launched a major offensive and
captured Philadelphia.
25/9/1777, Thursday (-61,220) Johann Lambert, German
mathematician, died (born 26/8/1728).
19/9/1777, Friday (-61,226) American forces under
Hortatio Gates heavily defeated the British under General John Burgoyne at
Bemis Heights, New York.
12/9/1777, Friday (-61,233) Henri Blainville, French naturalist, was
born near Dieppe (died in Paris 1/5/1850).
11/9/1777, Thursday (-61,234) At the Battle of Brandywine Creek, British troops under General Howe
defeated American forces under George Washington; however they failed to follow
up this success.
================================================================================
16/8/1777, Saturday (-61,260) The Battle of Bennington, Vermont.
Britain defeated by Captain Stark.
==================================================================================
30/7/1777, Wednesday (-61,277) Karl Grolman, Prussian
soldier, was born (died 1/6/1843).
27/7/1777, Sunday (-61,280) Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet, was born
(died 15/6/1844).
9/7/1777, Wednesday (-61,298) Henry Hallam, English
historian, was born.
8/7/1777, Tuesday (-61,299) Vermont became the
first US State to adopt a constitution banning slavery
==================================================================================
27/6/1777, Friday (-61,310) William Dodd, English
religious writer, was executed for fraud (born 1729).
16/6/1777, Monday (-61,321) Jean Gresset, French poet, died (born
29/8/1709).
14/6/1777, Saturday (-61,323) The Stars and Stripes was
adopted by Congress as the flag of the USA.
==================================================================================
20/5/1777, Tuesday (-61,348) The world�s first iron boat was launched into the River Foss near
York. She was a 12� long pleasure craft capable of carrying 15 persons.
===================================================================================
30/4/1777, Wednesday (-61,368) Carl Friedrich Gauss,
scientist, was born.� His father, Gerhard
Gauss, was a labourer and bricklayer, and his mother, Dorothea Gauss, was a
maid.
20/4/1777, Sunday (-61,378) The
Cherokee Nation ceded all their land in South Carolina to the US federal
government by the De Witts Corner Treaty.
16/4/1777, Wednesday (-61,382) Henry Kater, English
scientific writer, was born (died 26/4/1835).
12/4/1777, Saturday (-61,386) Henry
Clay, US politician, one of the founders of the Whig Party, was born (died
29/6/1852).
===================================================================================
31/3/1777, Monday (-61,398) (Science)
Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French inventor, was born (died 5/7/1859).
30/3/1777, Sunday (-61,399) Easter Sunday.
19/3/1777, Wednesday (-61,410)
Anton Falck, Dutch statesman, was born (died 16/3/1843).
17/3/1777, Monday (-61,412) Roger Brooke Taney, US Chief
Justice, was born in Calvert County, Maryland (died 1864).
10/3/1777, Monday (-61,419)
Louis Hersent, French painter, was born (died 2/10/1860).
===================================================================================
24/2/1777, Monday (-61,433) Joseph I, King of Portugal,
died. Maria I became Queen of Portugal.
13/2/1777, Thursday (-61,444)
In Paris, the Marquis de Sade
was arrested, and later condemned to death. However he escaped from prison
before the execution.
12/2/1777, Wednesday (-61,445) Friedrich Fouque, German writer, was
born (died 23/1/1843).
3