TheobaldChronography of events from 1 January 1700 to 31 December 1769

Page last modified 12 September 2023

 

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(-9,999) = Day count to end of World War Two in Europe (day zero=Tuesday). Easter Sundays derived from https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/easter_text2b.htm

See also Julian Day Count, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day

 

For dates from 1 January 1770 click here

 

19 January 1770. Friday (-64,026) The Battle of Golden Hill. A group on New Yorkers called the Sons of Liberty engage British troops in pitched battle over British demands for compliance with the Quartering Act.

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28 December 1769, Thursday (-64,048) Auguste Keratry, French writer, was born (died 7 November 1859).

26 December 1769, Tuesday (-64,050) Ernst Moritz Arndt, German poet, was born in Schoritz, Rugen (died 29 January 1860 in Bonn).

25 December 1769, Monday (-64,051) August Matthiae, German scholarly writer, was born (died 6 January 1835).

21 December 1769, Thursday (-84,055) John Crome, English landscape painter, was born (died 22 April 1821).

13 December 1769, Wednesday (-64,063) James Abinger, English judge, was born (died 1844).

11 December 1769, Monday (-64,065) In London, venetian blinds were patented by Edward Beran.

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6 November 1769, Monday` (-64,100) The Birmingham Canal (authorised 1768) was completed, from Wednesbury to Birmingham. This caused the price of coal in Wednesbury to drop from 13 shillings a ton to 7 shillings a ton.

4 November 1769, Saturday (-64,102) Charles Chenedolle, French poet, was born (died 2 December 1833).

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7 October 1769, Saturday (-64,130) Captain Cook reached New Zealand.

6 October 1769, Friday (-64,131) Jacob Schweppe, a German born Swiss chemist, perfected the process for making artificial mineral water.

2 October 1769, Monday (-64,135) (Britain) Frederick William Hervey, Fifth Earl of Bristol, was born (died 15 February 1859).

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25 September 1769, Monday (-64,142) The first recorded cremation in Britain. The body of Honoretta Pratt was burnt in her open grave atSt Georges Burial Ground, London.

22 September 1769, Friday (-64,145) Antonio Genovesi, Italian economics writer, died (born 1 November 1712).

14 September 1769, Thursday (-64,153) Birth of Baron von Humboldt, German scientist who explored Central and South America, and founded the science of ecology.

7 September 1769, Thursday (-64,160) Karoline Pichler, Austrian novelist, was born in Vienna (died 9 July 1843 in Vienna).

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30 August 1769, Wednesday (-64,168) Bonifazio Asioli, Italian composer, was bprn in Corregio (died 18 May 1832in Corregio)

29 August 1769, Tuesday (-64,169) Edmund Hoyle, author, died (born 1672)

23 August 1769, Wednesday (-64,175) Georges Cuvier, French naturalist, was born (died 13 May 1832).

15 August 1769. Tuesday (-64,183) Napoleon, Emperor of France 1804-15, was born in Ajaccio, Corsica; he died on 5 May 1821. He was the son of a lawyer.See 18 June 1815. Had he been born the previous year he would not have been French, but Genoese, see 15 May 1768.

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28 July 1769, Friday (-64,201) Sir Hudson Lowe, English General, was born.

9 July 1769, Sunday (-64,220) Louis Bourrienne, French politician, was born in Sens (died in Caen 7 February 1834).

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18 June 1769, Sunday (-64,241) Viscount Castlereagh, British Foreign Secretary who played a key role in the reconstruction of Europe after the fall of Napoleon, at the Congress of Vienna, was born.

5 June 1769, Monday (-64,254) (Geology) Edward Clarke, English mineralogist, was born (died 9 March 1822).

1 June 1769, Thursday (-64,258) Edward Holyoke, President of Harvard University, died.

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26 May 1769. Friday (-64,264) John Kay, Sir Richard Arkwright�s assistant, patented the Flying Shuttle to operate on Arkwright�s spinning frame. Arkwright was born at Preston, Lancashire, on 23 December 1732, the youngest of 13 children to a poor family. He became a barber in Bolton in around 1750. In 1767 he gave up this business to build a spinning frame. This was an improvement on Hargreave�s Spinning Jenny since it could spin threads of any degree of hardness or fineness, unlike the spinning jenny which could not spin any but fine thread. Now 20 or 30 threads could be spun with no more labour than was previously required to spin one thread.

21 May 1769, Sunday (-64,269) John Frere, English author, was born (died 7 January 1846).

19 May 1769, Friday (-64,271) (1) The Virginia assembly was dissolved by the British after it protested about the transfer of treason trials to London.

(2) Pope Clement XIV (249th Pope), formerly Cardinal Lorenzo Ganganelli, acceded, died 1774.

16 May 1769, Tuesday (-64,274) Virginia�s House of Representatives rejected the British right to tax the US colonies. Virginia agreed, along with Massachusetts, not to import any taxable goods from Britain.

13 May 1769, Saturday (-64,277) John VI, King of Portugal, was born (died 26 March 1826).

6 May 1769, Saturday (-64,284) Ferdinand III, Archduke of Austria, was born (died 6/1824).

4 May 1769, Thursday (-64,286) Sir Thomas Lawrence, English painter, was born (died 7 January 1830).

2 May 1769, Tuesday (-64,288) (India) Sir John Malcolm, British diplomat to India, was born (died 30 May 1833).

1 May 1769, Monday (-64,289) The British Privy Council decided to retain the duty on tea imported into the American colonies.

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29 April 1769, Saturday (-64,291) The Duke of Wellington was born in Dublin, as Arthur Wellesley.

25 April 1769, Tuesday (-64,295) Sir Marc Isambard Brunel, British engineer, was born in Hacqueville near Rouen, France.

20 April 1769, Thursday (-64,300) Pontiac, indigenous American leader, died.

14 April 1769, Friday (-64,306) Barthelemy Joubert, French General, was born (died 15 August 1799).

13 April 1769, Thursday (-64,307) Charles Decaen, French soldier, was born (died 1832).

11 April 1769, Tuesday (-64,309) Jean Lannes, Marshal of France, was born (died 31 May 1809).

5 April 1769, Wednesday (-64,315) Sir Thomas Hardy, British Vice-Admiral, was born (died 20 September 1839).

3 April 1769, Monday (-64,317) Christian Bernstorff, Prussian statesman, was born in Copenhagen (died 18 March 1835).

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29 March 1769, Wednesday (-64,322) Friedrich Accum, pioneer on combatting food adulteration, was born in Buckeburg, Hanover, Germany, to Jewish parents. He moved to Britain in 1793 and worked at a pharmacy in Arlington Street, London. By 1800 he had his own chemical analytical and laboratory equipment business.

26 March 1769, Sunday (-64,325) Easter Sunday.

23 March 1769, Thursday (-64,328) William Smith, English geologist, was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire (died 28 August 1839 in Northampton)

14 March 1769, Tuesday (-64,337) Joszef Karman, Hungarian aithor, was born.

7 March 1769, Tuesday (-64,344) Richmal Mangnall, English educationalist writer, was born (died 1 May 1820).

2 March 1769, Thursday (-64,349) De Witt Clinton, US politician, was born (died 11 February 1828).

1 March 1769, Wednesday (-64,350) Francois Marceau-Desgraviers, French General, was born (died 21 September 1796).

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2 February 1769, Thursday (-64,477) Pope Clement XIII (248th Pope) died.

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12 January 1769, Thursday (-64,398) Christian Eberhard, German writer, was born (died 13.5.1845).

10 January 1769, Tuesday (-64,400) Michel Ney, French Army marshal, the most famous of Napoleon�s marshals, was born in Saarlouis, son of a cooper.

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22 December 1768, Thursday (-64,419) John Crome, English landscape painter, was born in Norwich (died 20 April 1821 in Norwich)

20 December 1768, Tuesday (-64,421) Carlo Frugoni, Italian poet, died (born 21 November 1692).

10 December 1768, Saturday (-64,431) The Royal Academy of Arts, London, was founded.Joshua Reynolds was the first President.

6 December 1768, Tuesday (-64,435) The first volume of the Encyclopedia Britannica was published in Edinburgh, Scotland.

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21 November 1768, Monday (-64,450) Friedrich Schleiermacher, German philosopher, was born in Breslau (died 12 February 1834)

19 November 1798, Saturday (-64,452) Irish nationalist leader Wolfe Tone committed suicide whilst in jail awaiting execution.

18 November 1768, Friday (-64,453) Jose Marchena, Spanish writer, was born.

17 November 1768, Thursday (-64,454) Johann Philipp Palm, German bookseller unjustly executed during the napoleoni tyranny, was born in Wurttemnerg (died 25 August 1806 at Braunau).

11 November 1768, Friday (-64,460)

8 November 1768, Tuesday (-64,463) Benjamin Marshall, Eng;lish painter, was born in Seagrave, Leicestershire (died 24 July 1835 in London)

5 November 1768, Saturday (-64,466) William Johnson, the Northern Indian Commissioner, signed a treaty with the Iriquois Indians to acquire much of the land between the Tennessee and Ohio rivers for future settlement.

4 November 1768, Friday (-64,467) Maria Francesco Appendini, Italian historian, was born (died 1837).

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28 October 1768, Friday (-64,474) Johann Falk, German author, was born (died 14 February 1826).

14 October 1768, Friday (-64,488) The Treaty of Hard Labour confirmed te cession f Cherokee lands in Virginia and Carolina to the British Crown. Meanwhile the Treaty of Fort Stanwix confirmed the cession of Iriquois lands between the Ohio and Tennessee Rivers.

8 October 1768, Saturday (-64,494) Pierre Fournier, French engraver, died (born 15 September 1712).

2 October 1768, Sunday (-64,500) William Beresford, British General, was born (died in Kent 8 January 1854).

1 October 1768, Saturday (-64,501) Lord Hillsborough, British Secretary of State for the Colonies, sent two regiments to Boston to quell unrest caused by the Stamp Acts.

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30 September 1768, Friday (-64,502)

24 September 1768, Saturday (-64,508) Sharon Turner, English historical writer, was born in Pentonville, London (died 13 February 1847 in London)

23 September 1768, Friday (-64,509) William Wallace, Scottish mathematician, was born in Dysart, Fife (died 28 April 1843 in Edinburgh)

22 September 1768, Thursday (-64,510) In America, delegates from the towns of Massachusetts met to compile a list of grievances against the British Crown. Britain responded by sending two infantry regiments there.

12 September 1768, Monday (-64,520) Joseph Delisle, French astronomer, died (born 4 April 1688).

4 September 1768, Sunday (-64,528) Francois Chateaubriand, French author, was born (died 4 July 1848).

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29 August 1768, Monday (-64,534) John Fawcett, English playwright, was born (died 1837).

25 August 1768, Thursday (-64,538) Captain Cook set sail from England on board The Endeavour on his first voyage to explore the Antipodes. His 368-ton ship was 98 feet long by 29 feet wide. His mission was first to visit Tahiti to observe a transit of Venus on 3 June 1769, then to discover the theoretical �southern continent� which was supposed to exist by the Classical Greeks �to counterbalance the northern continents�. Such a continent would provide useful colonial opportunities for Britain at a time when its North American colonies were becoming restive. After Tahiti, Cook sailed south and south west down to latitude 40 degrees south; finding no land he turned west and discovered New Zealand, whose coast he charted in six months. This exercise proved New Zealand was not the peninsula of the �southern continent�. By now it was March 1769 and the southern summer was ending; to return eastwards meant encountering bad weather in the Pacific. Cook therefore sailed west and encountered the east coast of Australia. Although the Dutch had visited Australia in the 17th century this part of the continent was devoid of European settlement; Cook therefore claimed the entire east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales. Cook then sailed along the northern coast of Australia, confirming it was a separate land from New Guinea, and returned to England in 1771.

23 August 1768,Tuesday (-64,540) Sir Astley Cooper, English surgeon, was born (died 12 February 1841).

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27 July 1768, Wednesday (-64,567) Joseph Anton Koch, Austrian painter, was born in Tyrol (died 12 January 1839 in Rome)

24 July 1768, Sunday (-64,570) Nathaniel Lardner, English theological writer, died.

14 July 1768, Thursday (-64,580) James Haldane, Scottish religious writer, was born (died 8 February 1851).

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24 June 1768, Friday (-64,600) Lazare Hoche, French General, was born (died 19 September 1797)

9 June 1768, Thursday (-64,615) British customs officials seized John Hancock�s ship Liberty in Boston harbour for alleged import taxes violation. The ship was recovered by Bostonians in a riot, then seized again by the British.

8 June 1768, Wednesday (-64,616) Andrew Millar, British publisher, died.

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17 May 1768, Tuesday (-64,638) (Britain) Henry Anglesey, British Field-Marshal, was born (died 29 April 1854).

15 May 1768, Sunday (-64,640) By the Treaty of Versailles, France purchased the island of Corsica from Genoa.Some Corsicans wanted total independence, but see 15 September 1770.

3 May 1768, Monday (-64,653) Charles Tennant, Scottish industrial chemist, was born in Ayrshire (died 1 Octoberr 1838)

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29 April 1768, Friday (-64,656) Georg Brandt, chemist, died.

23 April 1768, Saturday (-64,662) Jose Alvarez Cubero, Spanish sculptor, was born in Priego de Cordoba (died 26 November 1827 in Madrid)

21 April 1768, Thursday (-64,664) Alexius Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Grand Chancellor of Russia, died (born in Moscow 1 June 1693).

20 April 1768, Wednesday (-64,665) The painter Canaletto died in Venice. Born there in 1697, Canaletto painted many scenes of Venice before moving to England in 1746 to paint the country houses there.

3 April 1768, Sunday (-64,682) Easter Sunday.

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21 March 1768, Monday (-64,695) Jean Fourier, French mathematician, was born (died 16 May 1830)

18 March 1768, Friday (-64,698) Laurence Sterne, writer, died in Old Bond Street, London (born 24 November 1713 in Clonmel, Ireland)

10 March 1768, Thursday (-64,706) Pierre Francois Tissot, Frenchy writer, was born inVersailles (died 7 April 1854 in Paris)

1 March 1768, Tuesday (-64,715) John Erskine, Scottish legal writer, died (born 1695).

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17 February 1768, Wednesday (-64,728) Arthur Onslow, English politician, died (born 1691).

14 February 1768, Sunday (-64,731) Ivan Kriloff, Russian writer, was born (died 21/22/1844).

13 February 1768, Saturday (-64,732) Edoaurd Mortier, Marshal of France, was born (died 28 July 1835).

12 February 1768, Friday (-64,733) Francis II, last Holy Roman Emperor, was born.

11 February 1768, Thursday (-64,734) The Massachusetts Assembly denounced the Townshend Duties and urged other colonial legislatures to similarly resist.

7 February 1768, Sunday (-64,738)

2 February 1768, Tuesday (-67,743) Charles Camus, French mathematician, died (born 25 August 1699).

1 February 1768, Monday (-67,744) Jacques Lauriston, French soldier, was born (died 12 June 1828).

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31 January 1768, Sunday (-64,745)

29 January 1768, Friday (-64,747) John Martyn, English botanist, died (born 12 September 1699).

28 January 1768, Thursday (-64,748) (Christian) Jean Cheverus, Roman Catholic missionary to North America, was born (died 10 July 1836).

9 January 1768, Saturday (-64,767) (London) Soldier and equestrian Philip Astley staged the first modern circus in London.

7 January 1768, Thursday (-64,769) Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoleon and King of Naples and Spain, was born on Corsica.

1 January 1768, Friday (-64,775) Jean Restout, French painter, died (born 26 March 1692)

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28 December 1767, Monday (-64,779) Emeric de Vattel, Swiss legal writer, died in Neuchatel ( born 25 April 1714 in Neuchatel)

22 December 1767, Tuesday (-64,785) (France) Jacques Bridaine, French preacher, died (born 21 March 1701).

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22 November 1767, Sunday (-64,815) Andreas Hofer, Austrian patriot, was born (died 20 February 1810).

17 November 1767, Tuesday (-64,820) Leopoldo Cicognara, Italian writer, was born (died 5 March 1834).

2 November 1767, Monday (-64,835) Edward Augustus, 4th son of King George IV and Field Marshal in the British Army, was born (died 23 January 1820).

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28 October 1767, Wednesday (-64,840) Boston led a revival of the boycott of British goods. See 16 December 1773.

25 October 1767, Sunday (-64,843) Henri Constant, French writer, was born (died 8 December 1830).

24 October 1767, Saturday (-64,844) Jacques Lafitte French poliiician, was born (died 26 May 1844).

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20 September 1767, Sunday (-64,878) Melchiorre Gioja, Italian writer, was born (died 2 January 1829)

17 September 1767, Thursday (-64,881) Henri Montan Berton, French composer, was born in Paris (died 22 April 1844 in Paris)

14 September 1767, Monday (-64,884) Nicolas Saussure, botanical writer, was born (died 18 April 1845)

8 September 1767, Tuesday (-64,890) August Schlegel, German poet, was born in Hanover (died 12 May 1845 in Bonn)

4 September 1767, Friday (-64,894) Charles Townsend, English politician, died ( born 29 August 1725)

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25 August 1767, Tuesday (-64,904) Antoine Saint Just, French Revolutionary leader, was born in Nivernais (guillotined 28 July 1794)

11 August 1767, Tuesday (-64,918)

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13 July 1767, Monday (-64,947) Friedrich Krummacher, German religious writer, was born (died 14 April 1845).

11 July 1767, Saturday (-64,949) John Quincy Adams, 6th American President, was born at Braintree, Massachusetts, son of John Adams, 2nd President.

5 July 1767, Sunday (-64,955) Michael Bruce, Scottish poet, died (born 27 March 1746).

2 July 1767, Thursday (-64,958) Britain adopted the Townshend Acts, taxing all glass, lead, paper paints and tea imported into the American colonies. A Board of Customs Compliance was established in Boston Masachusetts, a city gaining a reputation for rebelliousness.

1 July 1767, Wednesday (-64,959) Maria Edgeworth, Irish novelist, was born (died 22 May 1849).

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25 June 1767, Thursday (-64,965) Death of German baroque composer Richard Telemann

22 June 1767, Monday (-64,968) Karl Humoldt, German scholarly writer, was born (died 8 April 1835).

19 June 1767, Friday (-64,971) Joseph Michaud, French historical writer, was born (died 30 September 1839)

9 June 1767, Tuesday (-64,981) (USA) The Britis Parliament passed the Townsend Acts, causing protest in Boston Massachusetts. Tea, glass, paint, oil, lead and paper now had duties imposed on them. Bostonians agreed amongst themselves not to import these goods.

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31 May 1767, Sunday (-64,990) Edward Pease, English Quaker insustrialist, was born in Darlington.

13 May 1767, Wednesday (-65,008) Mozart�s first opera, Apollo et Hyacinthius, written when he was just 11 years old, premiered in Salzburg.

12 May 1767, Tuesday (-65,009) Alvarez Godoy, Spanish statesman, was born (died 4 October 1851).

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25 April 1767, Saturday (-65,026) Charles Nicolas Oudinot, Marshal of France, was born in Bar le Duc (died 7 June 1863 in Paris)

22 April 1767, Wednesday (-65,029) Etienne Denis Pasquier, French statesman, was born (died 1862)

19 April 1767, Sunday (-65,032) Easter Sunday.

11 April 1767, Saturday (-65,040) Jean Isabey, French painter, was born (died 1855).

7 April 1767, Tuesday (-65,044) August Carpzov, scholarly writer, died (born 1679).

6 April 1767, Monday (-65,045) Alexandre Duval, French dramatist, was born (died 1 September 1842).

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31 March 1767, Tuesday (-65,051)

25 March 1767, Wednesday (-65,057) Joachim Murat, king of Naples, was born.

24 March 1767, Tuesday (-65,058) Jacques Laurent Agasse, animal painter, was born in Geneva (died 27 December 1849 in London)

20 March 1767, Friday (-65,062) Robert Paltock, English writer, died in London (born 1697)

15 March 1767, Sunday (-65,067) Andrew Jackson, American Democrat and 7th President from 1828 to retirement in 1837, was born in the Waxhaws district of South Carolina, son of Irish immigrants.

7 March 1767, Saturday (-65,075) Jan Frederik Helmers, Dutch poet, was born (died 26 February 1813).

1 March 1767, Sunday (-65,081) The Jesuits were expelled by King Charles III from Spain, also the Spanish possessions of Parma, and the Two Sicilies. They had established a university on Malta, but this, and the rest of their property, was now confiscated.

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27 February 1767, Friday (-65,083) Jacques Dupont, French statesman, was born (died 1855).

1 February 1767, Sunday (-65,109) Claude Goujet, French religious writer, died (born 19 October 1697).

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31 January 1767, Saturday (-65,110) Francesco Basili, Italian composer, was born in Loreto (died 25 March 1850 in Rome)

29 January 1767, Thursday (-65,112) Anne Louis Girodet, French painter, was born in Loiret (died 9 December 1824 in Paris)

22 January 1767, Thursday (-65,119) Johann Lehmann, German geological writer, died.

20 January 1767, Tuesday (-65,121) Etienne de Silhouette, Comptroller-General of France, died (born 5 July 1709 in Limoges)

12 January 1767, Monday (-65,129) Pierre Daru, French statesman, was born (died 5 September 1829).

5 January 1767, Monday (-65,136) Anne Girodet, French painter, was born (died 9 December 1824).

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29 December 1766, Monday (-65,143) Charles Macintosh, inventor of waterproof fabrics, was born in Glasgow.

25 December 1766, Thursday (-65,147) (Britain) Christmas Evans, Welsh non-conformist preacher, born (died 19 July 1838)

12 December 1766, Friday (-65,160) Johann Gottsched, German author, died (born 2 February 1700).

5 December 1766, Friday (-65,167) Christies auctioneers held their first sale.

3 December 1766, Wednesday (-65,169) Robert Bloomfield, English poet, was born in Honington, Suffolk (died in Shefford, Bedfordshire, 19 August 1823).

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29 November 1766, Saturday (-65,173) Francois Maine de Biran, French philosophical writer, was born.

20 November 1766, Thursday (-65,182) John Callcott, English musician (died 15 May 1821) was born.

7 November 1766, Friday (-65,195) Jean Marc Nattier, French painter, died in Paris (born 17 March 1685 in Paris)

2 November 1766, Sunday (-65,200) Joseph Radetsky, Austrian Field Marshal, was born in Trebnitz, near Tabor.

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28 October 1766, Tuesday (-65,205) Jose Conde, Spanish writer on the Orient, was born (died 12 June 1820).

23 October 1766, Thursday (-65,210) Emmanuel Grouchy, Marshal of France, was born (died 29 May 1847).

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28 September 1766, Sunday (-65,235) George Cromarty, 3rd Earl, Jacobite, died.

25 September 1766, Thursday (-65,238) Armand Richelieu, French statesman, was born in Paris (died 17 May 1822)

23 September 1766, Tuesday (-65,240) John Brown, British author, died (born 5 November 1715).

21 September 1766, Sunday (-65,242) Christian Ideler, scientific writer, was born (died 10 August 1846)

16 September 1766, Tuesday (-65,247)

13 September 1766, Saturday (-65,250) Benjamin Heath, English scholarly writer, died (born 20 April 1704)

9 September 1766, Tuesday (-65,254)

6 September 1766, Saturday (-65,257) John Dalton, English chemist was born in Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, Cumbria, the son of a Quaker weaver.

5 September 1766, Friday (-65,258) Luigi Bassi, Italian baritone singer, was born in Pesaro (died 3 September 1825 in Dresden)

3 September 1766, Wednesday (-65,260) Jean Lacretelle, historical writer, was born (died 26 March 1855).

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16 August 1766, Saturday (-65,278) Carolina Nairne, Scottish songwriter, was born (died 26 October 1845).

3 August 1766, Sunday (-65,291) Kurt Sprengel, German botanist, was born in Pomerania (died 15 March 1833 in Halle)

26 July 1766, Saturday (-65,299) Construction work on the Trent and Mersey canal began near Burslem.

20 July 1766, Sunday (-65,305) Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, was born (died 14 November 1841)

16 July 1766, Wednesday (-65,309) Guiseppe Castiglione, Italian painter who settled in VChina as a Jesuit missionary ad painted for three Emperors, died in Beijing (born 19 July 1688 in Milan)

10 July 1766, Thursday (-65,315) Mathieu Montmorency, French politician, was born (died 24 March 1826).

9 July 1766, Wednesday (-65,316) Jonathan Mayhew, US religious writer, died (born 8 October 1720).

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30 June 1766, Monday (-65,325)

23 June 1766, Tuesday (-65,331) John Thomas Smith, English artist, was born in London (died 8 March 1833 in London)

23 June 1766, Monday (-65,332) Johann Ersch, German writer, was born (died 16 January 1828)

9 June 1766, Monday (-65,346) Austrian trumpeter Anton Weudinger was born in Vienna.

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30 May 1766, Friday (-65,356) The oldest theatre still in use in Britain, the �Royal;� in Bristol, was opened.

9 May 1766, Friday (-65,377) Thomas Lally, French General, was beheaded.

8 May 1766, Thursday (-65,378) Samuel Chandler, English religious writer, died (born 1693).

5 May 1766, Monday (-65,381) Jean Astruc, French writer, died in Paris (born 19 March 1684 in Sauve, Languedoc).

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30 April 1766, Wednesday (-65,386) (Germany) Johann Ancillon, Prussian statesman and historian, was born in Berlin (died 19 April 1837).

29 April 1766, Tuesday (-65,387) Nicholas Bexley, English politician, was born in London (died in Foots Cray, Kent, 8 February 1851)

26 April 1766, Saturday (-65,390)

23 April 1766, Wednesday (-65,393) Gyorgy Fejer, Hungarian author, was born (died 2 July 1851)

22 April 1766, Tuesday (-65,394) Madame de Stael, French novelist, was born in Paris (died 14 July 1817)

18 April 1766, Friday (-65,398) Corrade Giaquinto, Italian painter, died in Naples (born 8 February 1703 near Bari))

16 April 1766, Wednesday (-65,400) Sir John Leslie, Scottish scientific writer, was born (died 3 November 1832).

13 April 1766, Sunday (-65,403) Jean Goujon, French politician, was born (died 17 June 1795).

7 April 1766, Monday (-65,409) Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch scholarly writer, died (born 9 January 1685)

4 April 1766, Friday (-65,412) John Taylor, English scholarly writer, died in London (born 22 June 1704 in Shrewsbury)

1 April 1766, Tuesday (-65,415) Francois Xavier Fabre, French painter, was born in Montpellier (died16 March 1837 in Montpellier)

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30 March 1766, Sunday (-65,417) Easter Sunday.

18 March 1766, Tuesday (-65,429) (USA) The British Parliament passed a Declaratory Act, stating that the Crown had authority to make laws enforceable in all British colonies.

9 March 1766, Sunday (-65,438) William Cobbett, English writer, was born (died 16 June 1835).

8 March 1766, Saturday (-65,439) Earthquake in Hirosaki, Japan, 1,300 killed.

4 March 1766. Tuesday (-65,443) Parliament repealed the Stamp Act which caused bitter disputes in the colonies, especially North America.. See 24 March 1765.

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26 February 1766, Wednesday (-65,449) Catherine II The Great of Russia granted freedom of worship there.

24 February 1766, Monday (-65,451) English composer and organist Samuel Wesley was born in Bristol.

23 February 1766, Sunday (-65,452) Stanislas I Leszczynski , former King of Poland, died.

19 February 1766, Wednesday (-65,456) William Dunlap, US artist, was born in Perth Amboy, new Jersey (died 28 September 1839 in New York)

17 February 1766, Monday (-65,458) The economist Thomas Malthus was born.

5 February 1766, Wednesday (-65,470) (Austria) Leopold Daun, Austrian Field Marshal, died (born 24 September 1705).

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30 January 1766, Thursday (-65,476) Susannah Cibber, actress, died (born 1714).

25 January 1766, Saturday (-65,481) Hans Gagern, German political writer, was born (died 22 October 1852).

21 January 1766, Tuesday (-65,485) James Quin, English actor, died (born in London 24 February 1693)

19 January 1766, Sunday (-65,487) Jean Nicolas Servan, French artist, died in Paris (born 2 May 1695 in Lyons

14 January 1766, Tuesday (-65,492) Christian VII (1749-1808) became King of Denmark.

9 January 1766, Thursday (-65,497) Thomas Birch, Writer, was born in Clerkenwell, London (died 9 January 1766).

1 January 1766, Wednesday (-65,505) James Stuart, the Old Pretender, and father of Bonnie Prince Charlie, died in Rome.

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22 December 1765, Sunday (-65,515) Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician, was born in Stuttgart (died 21 April 1825 in Halle)

12 December 1765, Thursday (-65,525) (Hungary) Prince Miklos Esterhazy was born (died 24 November 1833).

8 December 1765, Sunday (-65,529) Eli Whitney, American inventor of the cotton gin, which made cotton-growing much more profitable, was born in Westborough, Massachusetts.

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27 November 1765, Wednesday (-65,540) Bernard Sarrette, founder of the Conservatoier national de Musique et de Declamation de Paris, was born in Bordeaux (died 1858)

20 November 1765, Wednesday (-65,547) Frederick Himmel, German composer, was born (died 8 June 1814)

17 November 1765, Sunday (-65,550) Jacques MacDonald, Marshal of France, was born (died 7 September 1840).

14 November 1765, Thursday (-65,553) Robert Fulton, US engineer who invented the first commercially successful steamboat, was born to Irish parents in Pennsylvania.

9 November 1765, Saturday (-65,558) Martin Navarette, Spanish historical writer, was born (died 8 October 1844)

7 November 1765, Thursday (-65,560) William Taylor, English writer, was born in Norwich (died 5 March 1836 in Norwich)

1 November 1765, Friday (-65,566) Rioters in New York protested against Stamp Duty, burning effigies of �Liberty� and attacking the homes of British officials.

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31 October 1765, Thursday (-65,567) William Cumberland, British soldier, died (born 15 April 1721).

24 October 1765, Thursday (-65,574) Sir James MacKintosh, Scottish writer, was born (died 30 May 1832)

21 October 1765, Monday (-65,577) Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter, died in Rome (born 17 June 1691 in Piacenza)

10 October 1765, Thursday (-65,588) Lionel Cranfield Sackville, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, died (born 18 January 1688).

8 October 1765, Tuesday (-65,590) (Ireland) Harman Blennerhasset, Irish lawyer, was born in County Kerry (died in Guernsey 2 February 1831).

7 October 1765, Monday (-65,591) Representatives of 9 of the 13 American colonies met to draw up a Declaration of Rights and Grievances in protest at the Stamp Duty.

1 October 1765, Tuesday (-65,597)

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29 September 1765, Sunday (-65,599) Joseph le Bon, French politician, was born (executed 10 October 1795).

27 September 1765, Friday (-65,601) Diego Clemencin, Spanish scholarly writer, was born (died 30 July 1834).

18 September 1765, Wednesday (-65,610) Pope Gregory XVI was born.

5 September 1765, Thursday (-65,623) Anne-Claude Philippe Comte de Caylus, French art expert, died in Paris (born 31 October1692 in Paris)

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26 August 1765. Monday (-65,633) A major riot broke out in Boston, USA against the Stamp Act. Rioters attacked the house of Thomas Hutchinson, the lieutenant �governor, and burned the house, including the library. Thus many irreplaceable sources of Massachusetts history were lost.

21 August 1765, Wednesday (-65,638) King William IV, known as the �Sailor King� because he joined the Royal Navy at 13, was born in Buckingham Palace.He was the third son of King George III and Queen Charlotte.

19 August 1765, Monday (-65,640) (Geology) Mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt died in Stockholm, Sweden.

18 August 1765, Sunday (-65,641) (Germany) Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, died. He was succeeded by Josef II (1741-90)

16 August 1765, Friday (-65,643)

13 August 1765, Tuesday (-65,646) (Italy) Archduke Leopold, son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, began his 25-year reign over the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

12 August 1765. Monday (-65,647) Robert Clive received revenue authority over Bengal from the Mogul emperor. The disintegration of the Mogul Empire created opportunities for the British, French, and Indian princes. See 12 August 1756.

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29 July 1765, Monday (-65,661) Jean d�Erlon, Marchal of France, was born (died 15 January 1884).

16 July 1765, Tuesday (-65,674) In Britain, George Grenville resigned as Prime Minister, and was replaced by the Marquess of Rockingham.

15 July 1765, Monday (-65,675) Charles Andrew Vanloo, painter, died in Paris (born 15 February 1705 in Nice

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15 June 1765, Saturday (-65,705) Henry Colebrooke, English writer on the Orient, was born (died18 March 1837).

1 June 1765, Saturday (-65,719) Johann Hug, German religious writer, was born (died 11 March 1846).

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30 May 1765, Thursday (-65,721) The Virginia Assembly rejected British taxation and demanded that the only taxes due were set by people they elected themselves.

18 May 1765, Saturday 9-65,733) Major fire in Quebec. A quarter of the city was destroyed.

17 May 1765, Friday (-65,734) Alexis Clairault, French mathematician, died (born 5/1713).

15 May 1765, Wednesday (-65,736) James Watt invented the condenser, effectively trebling the energy output of the existing Newcomen steam pumps. The earlier Newcomen engine pumped steam into a cylinder, forcing back a piston; the cylinder was then sprayed with cool water, condensing the steam and creating a vacuum that pulled the piston back. Alternately heating and cooling the cylinder was inefficient. Watt�s idea was to attach a separate chamber off the main cylinder into which the steam could be allowed to enter, and cooled there by water, again creating the vacuum that pulled the piston back again. The main cylinder could be kept hot, saving considerable energy. The energy content of Britain�s coal reserves was effectively trebled.

11 May 1765, Saturday (-65,740) Janos Bacsanyo, Hungarian poet, was born in Tapolcza (died 12 May 1845 in Linz).

7 May 1765. Tuesday (-65,744) HMS Victory was launched. She is now in dry dock in Portsmouth. Nelson was on board when killed by a musket shot.

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26 April 1765, Friday (-65,755) Emma, Lady Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson, was born in Ness, Cheshire.

22 April 1765, Monday (-65,759) James Grahame, Scottish poet, was born (died 14 September 1811).

21 April 1765, Sunday (-65,760) David Mallet, Scotish poet, died.

7 April 1765, Sunday (-65,774) Easter Sunday.

1 April 1765, Monday (-65,780) Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver, was born in Venetia (died 7 June 1810)

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27 March 1765, Wednesday (-65,785) (Germany) Franz Baader, German philosopher, was born in Munich (died 23 May 1841).

24 March 1765, Sunday (-65,788) Britain passed the Quartering Act (see 2 June 1774) requiring the colonies to provide food and shelter for British soldiers and their horses. In 1765 the passage of the Stamp Act, to raise revenue for British troops in North America (fighting the French), caused widespread riots and protests in British colonies and the boycott of British luxury goods was stepped up. The British Treasury had a major deficit following the wars in North America with the Indians and the French. The Stamp Act raised revenue by requiring stamps to be fixed to items like newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents such as deeds and licences, and to other items such as playing cards. See 4 March 1766 and 5 March 1770. William Pitt was amongst those in Parliament opposing the Stamp Act, warning that trade with the colonies would suffer.

23 March 1765, Saturday (-65,789) Clair Antoine Thibaudeau, French politician, was born in Poitiers (died 8 March 1854 in Paris)

20 March 1765, Wednesday (-65,792) Karl Daub, German religious writer, was born (died 22 November 1836).

7 March 1765, Thursday (-65,805) Joseph Niepce, French doctor who produced the first photograph from nature using a camera obscura, pewter plates, and an 8 hour exposure, was born.

6 March 1765, Wednesday (-65,806) Samuel Drew, English religious writer, was born (died 29 March 1833)

3 March 1765, Sunday (-65,809) William Stukeley, English historical writer, diedin London (born 7 November 1687 in Holbeach, Lincolnshire)

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11 February 1765, Monday (-65,829) English wig-makers petitioned George III for financial relief as the male fashion of wearing wigs came to an end.

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19 January 1765, Saturday (-65,852) Johan Agrell, Swedish composer, died in Nuremberg (born 1 February 1701 in Loth)

11 January 1765, Friday (-65,860) Antoine Barbier, French writer, was born in Coulommiers (died in Paris 5 December 1825).

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20 December 1764, Thursday (-65,882) Erik Pontoppidan, Danish author, died in Bergen, Norway (born 24 August 1698 in Aarhus)

19 December 1764, Wednesday (-65,883) (Ireland) George Stone, Archbishop of Armagh, died in London (born 1708)

18 December 1764, Tuesday (-65,884)

14 December 1764, Friday (-65,888) Nicasio Cienfuegos, Spanish poet, was born (died 1809).

13 December 1764, Thursday (-65,889) Michel Lecointe-Puyraveau, French politician, was born (died 15 January 1827)

7 December 1764, Friday (-65,895) Claude Victor-Perrin, Marshal of France, was born in Vosges (died 1 March 1841 in Paris)

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26 November 1764, Monday (-65,906) The Jesuits were suppressed in France.

23 November 1764, Friday (-65,909) Gustav Hugo, German jurist, was born (died 15 September 1844)

17 November 1764, Saturday (-65,915) Louis Pontecoulant, French politician, was born in Caen (died 3 April 1853 in Paris)

13 November 1764, Tuesday (-65.919) John Wootton, English painter, died in London.

11 November 1764, Sunday (-65,921) Barbara Krudener, Rusian author, was born (died 25 December 1824).

4 November 1764, Sunday (-65,928) Charles Churchill, English poet, died (born 2/1731)

1 November 1764, Thursday (-65,931) Stephen van Rensselaer, US politician, was born inNew York city (died 26 January 1839 in Albany, New York) ===================================================================================

27 October 1764, Saturday (-65,936) Painter and engraver William Hogarth died in London, aged 67.He was buried in Chiswick churchyard. He also pushed for legislation to protect the intellectual property of artists, the so-called �Hogarth Act� of 1753.

23 October 1764, Tuesday (-65,940) The British won the Battle of Buxar, Bengal. Major Munro defeated a confederation of Indian pirates, giving the East India Company control of Bengal and Bihar.

22 October 1764, Monday (-65,941) French composer Jean Marie Leclair died in Paris.

6 October 1764, Saturday (-65,957) Christian Jacobs, German scholarly writer, was born (died 30 March 1847).

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26 September 1764, Wednesday (-65,967) Benito Feijoo, Spanish monk and writer, died (born 8 October 1676).

24 September 1764, Monday (-65,969) Joseph Dessaix, French General, was born (died 26 October 1834).

23 September 1764, Sunday (-65,970) Robert Dodsley, English bookseller and writer, died (born 1703).

14 September 1764, Friday (-65,979) Ludwig Huber, German author, was born (died 24 December 1804).

12 September 1764, Wednesday (-65,981) Victor Jouy, Frenchy dramatist, was born (died 4 September 1846).

2 September 1764, Sunday (-65,991) Georg Hartig, German agricultural writer, was born (died 2 February 1837)

1 September 1764, Saturday (-65,992) Sebastiono Conca, Italian painter, died in Naples (born 8 January in Gaeta)

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31 August 1764, Friday (-65,993)

23 August 1764, Thursday (-66,001) Henry Legge, English statesman, died (born 29 May 1708).

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21 July 1764, Saturday (-66,034) Sir William Sidney Smith, English Admiral, was born in Westminster (died 26 May 1840 in Paris)

9 July 1764, Monday (-66,046) Louis Baltard, French architect, was born in Paris (died in Paris 13 January 1874).

5 July 1764, Thursday (-66,050) Ivan II, Tsar of Russia, was murdered.

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19 June 1764, Tuesday (-60,066) (Britain) Sir John Barrow, British politician was born near Ulverstone, Lancashire (died 23 November 1848).

7 June 1764, Thursday (-60,078) Karl Lang, German historical writer, was born (died 26 March 1835).

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30 May 1764, Wednesday (-66,086) The Theatre Royal, Bristol, was founded.

26 May 1764, Saturday (-66,090) Edward :Livingston, US jurist, was born (died 23 May 1836)

25 May 1764, Friday (-66,091) John Good, English scholarly writer, was born (died 2 January 1827).

13 May 1764, Sunday (-66,103) Laurent Gouvion, Marshal of France, was born (died 17 March 1830).

5 May 1764, Saturday (-66,111) Robert Crauford, British Major-General, was born (died 19 January 1812).

3 May 1764, Thursday (-66,113) The British won the Battle of Patna, Bengal.

2 May 1764, Wednesday (-66,114) Robert Hall, English religious writer, was born (died 21 February 1831).

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28 April 1764, Saturday (-66,118)

25 April 1764, Wednesday (-66,121) The lawyer James Otis denouncedtaxation without representation� and called on the colonies to unite against Britain�s new tax measures. In August 1764 Boston merchants began to boycott luxury goods from Britain. See 5 April 1764 and 24 March 1765.

24 April 1764, Tuesday (-66,122) Thomas Emmet, Irish politician, was born (died 14 November 1827).

22 April 1764, Sunday (-66,124) Easter Sunday.

20 April 1764, Friday (-66,126) Rudolph Ackerman, German inventor, was born (died 30 March 1834).

15 April 1764, Sunday (-66,131) Madame de Pompadour, French courtier and mistress of Louis XV, died in Versailles.

5 April 1764, Thursday (-66,141) Parliament in London passed a Sugar Act, specifically aimed at extracting revenue from the colonies. On 19 April 1764 London also passed the Currency Act, forbidding the colonies from printing paper money. See 25 April 1764.

3 April 1764, Tuesday (-66,143) John Abernethy, British surgeon, was born in London (died 20 April 1831 in Enfield).

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30 March 1764, Friday (-66,147) Italian composer Pietro Antonio Locatelli died in Amsterdam.

17 March 1764, Saturday (-66,160) William Pinckney, US statesman, was born in Annapolis, Maryland (died 25 February 1822 in Washington DC)

13 March 1764, Tuesday (-66,164) Charles Grey, English statesman, was born (died 17 July 1845).

8 March 1764, Thursday (-66,169) (Russia) Carlo Pozzo di Borgo, diplomat for Russian interests in France, was born near Ajaccio, Corsica (died 15 February 1842 in Paris)

6 March 1764, Tuesday (-66,171) Philip Hardiwicke, English Lord Chancellor, died (born 1/21/1690).

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29 February 1764, Wednesday (-66,177) (Electricity) Paul Erman, electrical scientist, was born (died 11 October 1851).

28 February 1764, Tuesday (-66,178) Robert Haldane, Scottish religious writer, was born (died 12 December 1842).

23 February 1764, Thursday (-66,183) William Eaton, US soldier, was born (died 1 June 1811).

15 February 1764, Wednesday (-66,191) The city of St Louis, Missouri, was founded as a trading post between Europeans and Amerindians.

11 February 1764, Saturday (-66,195) Marie-Joseph Chenier, French poet, was born (died 10 January 1811).

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15 January 1764, Sunday (-66,222)

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31 December 1763, Saturday (-66,337) Pierre Villeneuve, French Admiral, was born in Provence (died 22 April 1806 in Rennes)

23 December 1763, Friday (-66,345) Antoine Francois Prevost, French novelist, died (born 1 April 1697 in Hesdin, Artois)

14 December 1763, Wednesday (-66,254) The Paxton Massacre. Amerindians in Pennsylvania were slaughtered by Europeans from the town of Paxton. They then marched on Pennsylvania to massacre more Amerindians, but were deterred by US troops.

2 December 1763, Friday (-66,266) Claude AntoinePrieur Duvernois, French politician, was born in Auxonne (died 11 August 1832 in Dijon)

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25 November 1763, Friday (-66,673) The intervention of the Russian Army ensured that Poniatowski, not the Saxony candiudate, was crowned King of Poland this day, see 5 October 1763. Russia was now able to reinforce the rights of Russian Orthodox Christians in Poland, threatening the Catholic hegemony there. The Ottoman Empire was alarmed by the expansion of Russian influence into Poland. Austria was also concerned, see 5 August 1772.

23 November 1763, Wednesday (-66,675) French author Antoine Francois Provost died.

19 November 1763, Saturday (-66,679) Karl Fernow, German art writer, was born (died 4 December 1808).

10 November 1763, Thursday (-66,688) (India) Joseph Dupleix, French colonial governor of India, died (born 1 January 1697).

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28 October 1763, Friday (-66,301) (Germany) Heinrich Bruhl, German politician, died (born 13 August 1700).

15 October 1763, Saturday (-66,314) Lord Edward Fitzgerald, campaigner for Irish independence, was born (died 4 June 1798).

5 October 1763, Wednesday (-66,324) Death of King Augustus III of Poland, also Grand Duke of Lithuania. Born 17 October 1696, he acceded to the throne in 1734.This created a vacancy for the Polish throne, and there were two contenders. Catherine the Great of Russia wanted her ally Poniatowski; however the House of Saxony wanted their candidate as Polish King. See 25 November 1763.

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26 September 1763, Monday (-66,333) John Byrom, English poet, died (born 29 February 1692)

2 September 1763, Friday (-66,357) Karoline Schelling, German scj=holar of Shakespeare, was born in Gottingen (died 7 September 1809 in Maulbronn)

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20 August 1763, Saturday (-66,370) The ruins of Pompeii were identified as such.

12 August 1763, Friday (-66,378) Olof von Dalin, Swedish poet, died (born 29 August 1708).

8 August 1763, Monday (-66,382) Charles Bulfinch, US architect, was born (died 15 April 1844).

6 August 1763, Saturday (-66,384) Indigenous American attacks on British forts and outposts had destroyed many (see 31 July 1763) but Forts Niagara, Pitt and Detroit had not fallen. This day a British relief force under Colonel Henry Boquet (1719-65) reached Fort Pitt and defeated the indigenous Americans attacking it. From Spring 1764 the Briitsh gradually overcame all indigenous American unrest, although Pontiac himself did not sue for peace until 1766, whenh he signed a peace treaty and was pardoned by the British.

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31 July 1763, Sunday (-66,390) Battle of Bloody Run. Pontiac, Chief of the Ottowaindigenous Americans, was emragred at British appropriation of the fertile plains of the Ohio River (given to them under the 1763 Treaty of Paris) and in 5/1763 led a surprise attack on Fort Detroit, but failed to capture it. However a British attack on Pontiac�s army was heavily defeated this day, see 6 August 1763.

30 July 1763, Saturday (-66,391) Samuel Rogers, English poet, was born in Newington Green, London (died 18 December 1855 in London)

17 July 1763, Sunday (-66,404) (USA) John Jacob Astor, US fur merchant and philanthropist, was born in Walldorf, Germany (died 29 March 1848 in New York City).

11 July 1763, Monday (-66,410) Peter Forskal, Swedish writer, died.

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26 June 1763, Sunday (-66,425) George Morland, English painter, was born (died 29 October 1804).

24 June 1763, Friday (-66,427) Etienne Mehul, French composer, was born (died 18 October 1817).

23 June 1763, Thursday (-66,428) Empress Josephine, wife of Napoleon, was born on the French island of Martinique as Marie Rose Tascher de la Pagerie. Her marriage to Napoleon was dissolved when she failed to produce an heir.

22 June 1763, Wednesday (-66,429)

21 June 1763, Tuesday (-66,430) Piere Paul Royer-Collard, French statesman, was born in Marne (died 2 September 1845 near Vitry)

20 June 1763, Monday (-66,431) John Tone, Irish rebel, was born in Dublin (died 19 November 1798)

15 June 1763, Wednesday (-66,436) German composer Franz danzi was born in Mannheim.

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28 May 1763, Saturday (-66,454) Nathaniel Gow, Scottish violinist, was born in Inver, near Dunkeld (died19 January 1831 in Edinburgh)

21 May 1763, Saturday (-66,461) Joseph Fouche, French statesman, was born (died 25 December 1820)

16 May 1763, Monday (-66,466) Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, French chemist, was bornin Normandy (died 14 November 1829 in Normandy)

12 May 1763, Thursday (-66,470) (Medical) John Bell, Scottish surgeon, was born in Edinburgh (died in Rome 15 April 1820).

11 May 1763, Wednesday (-66,471) Janos Batsanyi, Hungarian poet, was born

7 May 1763, Saturday (-66,475) Four Amerindian tribes united to lay siege to the British stronghold of Fort Detroit. However the British had forewarning of the plan by the Delaware, Chippawa, Shawnee, and Ottawa tribes and had strengthened their fortifications. The Indians were concerned at the loss of their fur trade to the British, and wanted a return to the old Indian customs. In November 1763 the Indians lifted the siege after failing to gain French support.

3 May 1763, Tuesday (-66,479) George Psalmanazar, French writer, died in London.

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18 April 1763, Friday (-81,099) Franz Anton Bustelli, sculptor, died in Munich (born 12 April 1723 in Locarno)

7 April 1763, Thursday (-66,505) Domenico Dragonetti, musician, was born (died 16 April 1846).

3 April 1763, Sunday (-66,509) Easter Sunday.

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31 March 1763, Thursday (-66,512) Abraham Darby (Junior), ironmaster, died.

23 March 1763, Wednesday (-66,520) Count Feodor Rostopschin, Russian General, was born in Orel (died 12 February 1826 in Moscow)

21 March 1763, Monday (-66,522) Johann Paul Richter, German humourous writer, was born in Bavaria (died 14 November 1825 in Bayreuth)

13 March 1763, Sunday (-66,530) Guillaume Brune, Marshal of France, was born (died 2 August 1815).

9 March 1763, Wednesday (-66,534) William Cobbett, English political journalist, was born in Farnham, Surrey, the son of a farmer.

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23 February 1763, Wednesday (-66,548) Start of the Berbice Slave uprising in Guyana. At this time there were 3,833 Black slaves in the Berbice River area and only 346 White people, many of them women and children. The rebellion spread and it took the arrival of European gunboats on 13 May 1763 to quell the revolt. The Europeans suffered from dysentery but the Africans were disunited.

15 February 1763, Tuesday (-66,556) Austria, seeing hope for a decisive victory over Prussia recede with peace between Russia and Prussia, made peace with Prussia at Hubertsberg this day.Frederick evacuated Saxony but retained Silesia.Austria had failed to destroy Prussia before Prussian power was consolidated.

14 February 1763, Monday (-66,557) Jean Moreau, French General, was born (died 2 September 1813)

13 February 1763, Sunday (-66,558)

12 February 1763, Saturday (-66,559) Pierre Marivaux, French novelist, died (born 4 February 1688)

11 February 1763, Friday (-66,560) William Shenstone, English poet, died.

10 February 1763. Thursday (-66,561) (Britain, France-Germany, East Europe) The end of the Seven Years War. France ceded Canada to Britain at the Treaty of Paris. See 26 July 1758 and 13 September 1759. The same treaty gave Florida to Britain in exchange for Britain returning Cuba, which it had invaded on 12 August 1762, to Spain; Spain also regained Louisiana and the Philippines. Britain gained all of America east of the Mississippi. Britain also gained Minorca, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Tobago, St Vincent, Grenada, Dominica, and Senegal, as well as becoming pre-eminent in India; Britain therefore became the world�s major colonising power. Frederick of Prussia retained Silesia, which set Prussia on the road to also becoming a major European power.

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29 January 1763, Saturday (-66,573) Louis Racine, French poet, died (born in Paris 6 November 1692)

26 January 1763, Wednesday (-66,576) Charles XIV, King of Sweden, was born.

24 January 1763, Monday (-66,578) Jean Bouilly, French writer, was born near Tours (died in Paris 14 April 1842).

22 January 1763, Saturday (-66,580) John Granville, Emglish statesman, died (born 22 April 1690).

17 January 1763, Monday (-66,585) John Jacob Astor, US entrepreneur, was born.

15 January 1763, Saturday (-66,587) Francois Joseph Talma, French actor, was born in Paris (died 19 October 1826 in Paris)

12 January 1763, Wednesday (-66,590) Georges Michel, French landscape painter, was born in Paris (died June 1843 in Paris)

9 January 1763, Sunday (-66,593) Francesca Bertolli, Italian contralto singer, was born .

3 January 1763, Monday (-66,599) (Christian) Joseph Fesch, Cardinal, was born (died 13 May 1839).

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25 December 1762, Saturday (-66,608) Barings Bank was founded in London, UK.

22 December 1762, Wednesday (-66,611) Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl Harrowby, was born (died 26 December 1847).

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30 November 1762, Tuesday (-66,633) Sir Samuel Brydges, writer, was born (died 8 September 1837).

20 November 1762, Saturday (-66,643) Pierre Latreille, French naturalist writer, was born (died 6 February 1833).

16 November 1762, Tuesday (-66,647) John Boyle, Irish statesman, died (born 2 January 1707).

3 November 1762, Wednesday (-66,660) Britain concluded a peace with France at Fontainbleau. See 10 February 1763.

1 November 1762, Monday (-66,662) Spencer Perceval, British Prime Minister from 1809 who was assassinated in the House of Commons, was born.

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30 October 1762, Saturday (-66,664) Andre de Chenier, French poet, was born (guillotined 25 July 1794).

29 October 1762, Friday (-66,665) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians were defeated at the Battle of Freiburg.The war was making Austria bankrupt and Austria was questioning whether the war was worth it for the recovery of one province.Austria and Prussia agreed on an armistice on 24 November 1762 for the winter of 1762/3.

21 October 1762, Thursday (-66,673) George Colman, English dramatist, was born (died 17 October 1836).

9 October 1762, Saturday (-66,685) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Daun were defeated by Prussia at Schweidnitz.

7 October 1762, Thursday (-66,687) Charles Abbott Tenterden, Lord Chief Justice of England, was born in Canterbury (died 4 November 1832)

5 October 1762, Tuesday (-66,689) The British captured Manila, Philippines, from Spain.

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24 September 1762, Friday (-66,700) William Bowles, English poet, was born in Northamptonshire (died in Salisbury 7 April 1850).

20 September 1762, Monday (-66,704) Pierre Fontaine, French architect, was born (died 10 October 1853).

17 September 1762, Friday (-66,707) Francesco Germianni, composer, died.

13 September 1762, Monday (-66,711) Antoine Merlin, French Revolutionary, was born (died 14 September 1833).

12 September 1762, Sunday (-66,712) Catherine II The Great was crowned Empress of Russia.

11 September 1762, Saturday (-66,713) Joanna Baillie, British poet, was born in Scotland (died 23 February 1851).

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25 August 1762, Wednesday (-66,730) The city of Almeida was captured by Spain, from Portugal. Portugal was allied with Britain in a war against Spain.

21 August 1762, Saturday (-66,734) Lady Mary Montagu, English letter writer, died.

16 August 1762, Monday (-66,739) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Daun were defeated by Prussia at Reichenbach.

13 August 1762, Friday (-66,742) The British captured Havana, Cuba, from the Spanish.

12 August 1762, Thursday (-66,743) King George IV was born in St James Palace, London.He was the eldest son of George III. His lavish lifestyle and cruelty towards his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, undermined popular support for the monarchy.

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31 July 1762, Saturday (-66,755)

28 July 1762, Wednesday (-66,758) George Melcombe, English politician, died.

27 July 1762, Tuesday (-66,759) Edme Bouchardon, Frenchy sculptor, died in Paris (born 29 May 1698 in Haute-Marne)

24 July 1762, Saturday (-66,762)

21 July 1762, Wednesday (-66,765) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Daun were defeated by Prussia at Burkersdorf.

20 July 1762, Tuesday (-66,766) Roger Troger, Austrian painter, died in Vienna (born 1698 in South Tyrol)

17 July 1762, Saturday (-66,769) Peter III, Tsar of Russia, was murdered. He was about to divorce his wife of 17 years, Catherine; she struck first, with the help of her lover Orlov, by rallying the support of the army and church, and had herself proclaimed Empress.

14 July 1762, Wednesday (-66,772) Joseph Lakanal, French politician, was born (died 14 February 1845).

13 July 1762, Tuesday (-66,773) James Bradley, English astronomer, died (born in Gloucestershire 15 March 1711).

10 July 1762, Saturday (-66,776) (Christian) Alexander Kilham, Methodist minister, was born in Epworth, Lincolnshire.

5 July 1762, Monday (-66,781) Jakob Adlung, German organist, died in Erfurt (born 14 january 1699 in Bindersleben, near Erfurt)

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9 June 1762, Wednesday (-66,807) Luigi Cagnola, Italian architect, was born (died 14 August 1833).

6 June 1762, Sunday (-66,810) (Britain) George Anson, British Admiral, died (born 23 April 1697 in Shugborough, Staffordshire)

1 June 1762, Tuesday (-66,815) Edmund Ignatius Rice, Irish philanthropist, was born in Kilkenny (died 29 August 1844)

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22 May 1762, Saturday (-66,825) ) (France-Germany, East Europe, Russia) Peace was formally agreed between Russia and Prussia (Treaty of Hamburg). Russian forces began to return home.

19 May 1762, Wednesday (-66,828) Johann Fichte, German philosophical writer, was born (died 27 January 1814).

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29 April 1762, Thursday (-66,848) Jean Jourdan, Marshall of France, was born (died 23 November 1833).

11 April 1762, Sunday (-66,866) Easter Sunday.

10 April 1762, Saturday (-66,867) (Science) Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist, was born in Bologna (died 17 January 1834 in Milan).

6 April 1762, Tuesday (-66,871) George Benson, English ecclesiastical writer, died (born in Cumberland 1 September 1699).

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21 March 1762, Sunday (-66,887) Nicolas Lacaille, French astronomer, died (born 15 March 1713).

17 March 1762, Wednesday (-66,891) The first St Patrick�s Day Parade took place in New York.

10 March 1762, Wednesday (-66,898) Jeremias Benjamin Richter, German chemist, was born Silesia (died 4 April 1807 in Berlin)

5 March 1762, Friday (-66,903)

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20 February 1762, Saturday (-66,916) Johann Mayer, German astronomer, died.

9 February 1762, Tuesday (-66,927) Andre Miot de Melito, French statesman, was born (died 5 January 1841).

3 February 1762, Wednesday (-66,933) English dandy and gambler Richard �Beau� Nash died.

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23 January 1762, Saturday (-66,944) Christian August Vulpius, German author, was born in Weimar (died 25 June 1827 in Weimar)

22 January 1762, Friday (-66,945) Jean Baptiste Wicar, French painter, was born in Lille (died 27 November 1834 in Rome)

11 January 1762, Monday (-66,956) Louis Francois Roubillac, French sculptor, died (born 1692)

5 January 1762, Tuesday (-66,962) (Germany, Russia) Elizabeth I of Russia died; her successor Tsar Peter III made peace with Prussia.This was fortunate for Frederick of Prussia because after the end of the Pitt Ministry in England, the English were moving towards making peace with France and therefore no longer giving financial support to Prussia.See 15 February 1763 and 5 October 1761.

2 January 1762, Saturday (-66,965) (Britain, Spain) Britain declared war on Spain, three months after William Pitt resigned (see 5 October 1761).

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24 December 1761, Thursday (-66,974) Jean Louis Pons, French astronomer, was born (died 14 October 1831 in Florence)

23 December 1761, Wednesday (-66,975) Alestair Macdonnell, spy on the Scottish Jacobites, died.

16 December 1761, Wednesday (-66,982) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Russians under Pyotr Aleksandrovitch Rumyantsev captured the Prussian port and fort of Kolberg. It had been a bad year for Frederick of Prussia, with French forces making progress eastwards in south western Germany, and the Austrians under Laudon capturing Schweidnitz on 1 October 1761, ensuring they could over-winter in Silesia. Frederick had failed to prevent the Russian Army, 50,000 strong, joining up with the 72,000-strong Austrian Army on 23 August 1761. Frederick�s biggest concern was that since the change of monarch and the resignation of Pitt in Britain, he could no longer rely on British support. Without a major change of fortune, Prussia faced certain defeat in 1762.

7 December 1761, Monday (-66,991) Marie Tussaud, wax sculptor, was born.

4 December 1761, Friday (-66,994) Jean Laya., French dramatist, was born

3 December 1761, Thursday (-66,995) Michel Regnault, French politician, was born in Yonne (died 11 march 1819 in Paris)

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30 November 1761, Monday (-66,998) (Light) John Dollond, English optician, died (born 10 June 1706)

26 November 1761, Thursday (-67,002) John Rich, English actor, died (born 1692)

21 November 1761, Saturday (-67,007) (Chemistry) English chemical manufacturer Joshua Ward died.

20 November 1761, Friday (-67,008) (Papal succession) Pope Pius VIII was born.

16 November 1761, Monday (-67,012) Jean Montgaillard, French political agent, was born (died 8 February 1841).

13 November 1761, Friday (-67,015) Sir John Moore, British General, was born (died 16 January 1809).

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22 October 1761, Thursday (-67,037) (France) Antoine Barnave, orator of the French Revolution, was born in Grenoble (executed at The Tuileries 29 November 1793)

7 October 1761, Wednesday (-67,052) Mather Brown, US painter, was born in Boston (died 25 May 1831 in London)

5 October 1761, Monday (-67,054) (Britain) In Britain, Pitt resigned, because Britain would not declare war on Spain; France was trying to bring Spain into its war on Prussia and Britain, with France allied to Austria and Russia. Britain virtually abandoned support for Prussia.

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29 September 1760, Tuesday (-67,060) William Beckford, English art colleftor, was born in London (died 2 May 1844 in Bath)

23 September 1761, Wednesday (-67,066) (Astronomy) German astronomer Jean Louis Pons was born in Hamburg.

22 September 1761, Tuesday (-67,067) (Britain) Coronation of King George III, see 26 October 1760.

16 September 1761, Wednesday (-67,073)

9 September 1761, Wednesday (-67,080) Pieter Musschenbroek, Dutch scientific writer, died (born 14 March 1692).

8 September 1761, Tuesday (-67,081) John Ireland, English cleric, was born (died 2 September 1842).

1 September 1761, Tuesday (-67,088) Heinrich Paulus, German religious writer, was born near Stuttgart (died 10 August 1851).

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18 August 1761, Tuesday (-47,102) Francois Gaspard Adam, French sculptor, died in Paris ( born 23 May 1710 in Nancy)

17 August 1761, Monday (-67,103) William Carey, scholarly writer on the Orient, was born (died 9 June 1834).

3 August 1761, Monday (-67,117) Johann Gesner, German scholarly writer, died (born 9 April 1691).

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17 July 1761, Friday (-67,134) (Canals) The Bridgewater Canal, from Worsley to Manchester, built by James Brindley, was opened.

5 July 1761, Sunday (-47,146) Louis Leopold Boilly, , French painter, was born near Lille (died 4 January 1845 in Paris)

4 July 1761, Saturday (-47,147) Samuel Richatdson, English novelist, died in London (born 1689 in Derbyshire)

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18 June 1761, Thursday (-67,163) Nicolas Baptiste, French writer, was born in Bordeaux (died in Paris 1 December 1835).

7 June 1761, Sunday (-67,174) John Rennie, British engineer, was born in Haddingtonshire, Scotland.

2 June 1761, Tuesday (-67,179) (Sweden) Jonas Alstromer, Swedish industrialist, died (born 7 January 1685 in Alingsas, Vestergotland).

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27 May 1761, Wednesday (-87,185) Sir Thomas Munro, British colonial Governor of India, was born (died 6 July 1827)

14 May 1761, Thursday (-87,198) Thomas Simpson, English mathematician, died in Market Bosworth, Leicestershire (born 20 August 1710 in Market Bosworth)

3 May 1761, Sunday (-87,209) August Kotzebue, German dramatist, was born (died 23 March 1819).

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17 April 1761, Friday (-67,225) Benjamin Hoadly, English religious writer, died (born 14 November 1676).

15 April 1761, Wednesday (-67,227) William Oldys, British writer, died (born 14 vJuly 1696).

9 April 1761, Thursday (-47,233) William Law, English religious writer, died.

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22 March 1761, Sunday (-67,251) Easter Sunday

20 March 1761, Friday (-67,253) George Tierney, English Whig politician, was born in Gibraltar (died 25 January 1830)

6 March 1761, Friday (-67,267) (France) Antoine Francois Andreossy, French soldier and diplomat, was born in Castelnaudary (died 1828).

28 February 1761, Saturday (-67,273) (Biology) Pierre Broussonet, French naturalist, was born (died 17 January 1807)

20 February 1761, Friday (-67,281) Johann Abeille, German composer, was born in Bayreuth (died 2 March 1838 in Stuttgart)

19 February 1761, Thursday (-67,282) Antoine Boulay, French politician, was born in Vosges (died in Paris 4 February 1840)

16 February 1761, Monday (-67,285) Charles Pichegru, French General, was born (died 15 April 1804)

1 February 1761, Sunday (-67,300) Pierre Charlevoix, French historical writer, died (born 29 October 1682).

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29 January 1761, Thursday (-67,303) Albert Gallatin, US statesman, was born (died 12 August 1849).

23 January 1761, Friday (-67,309) Friedrich von Matthisson, German poet, was born (died 12 January 1831).

22 January 1761, Thursday (-67,310) (France, Russia) France communicated to Russia that it desired peace in the war against Prussia. Austria communicated similarly to Russia the following day. However Russia rejected this proposal, as its original purpose in eliminating the threat it saw in Prussia, would then remain unsatisfied.

17 January 1761, Saturday (-67,315) Sir James Hall, Scottish geologist, was born (died 23 June 1832).

15 January 1761, Thursday (-67,317) In India, the British captured Pondicherry.

14 January 1761, Wednesday (-67,318) (India) At the Battle of Panipat, north of Delhi, the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Marathas Indians. Although Durrani weakened Mughal power he was unable to fill the resultant power vacuum, thereby opening the way for British dominance of India.

10 January 1761, Saturday (-67,322) (Britain) Edward Boscawen, English Admiral, was born.

4 January 1761, Sunday (-67,329) Stephen Hales, English writer on science and nature, died (born 4 January 1761).

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31 December 1760, Wednesday (-67,332)

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23 November 1760, Sunday (-67,370) (France) Francois Babeuf, French political agitator, was born in Saint Quentin (died 1790).

3 November 1760, Monday (-67,390) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick of Prussia won the Battle of Torgau against the Austrians but failed to follow up this success and achieve his objective of capturing Dresden.

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28 October 1760, Tuesday (-67,396) Andrea Adolfati, Italian composer, died in Genoa (born 1721 in Venice)

26 October 1760, Sunday (-67,398) (Britain) Accession of George III. His coronation was on 22 September 1761. He was the son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Augusta. George III became one of the longest reigning monarchs in Britain. He saw the emergence of Britain as a leading European power after the Seven Year�s War as well as the early stages of the Industrial Revolution. He had a devoted wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg, who bore him 15 children. But George III faced problems at home, fighting with Parliament to recover Royal Prerogative, and having Revolutionary France for a neighbour. He also had the debilitating disease porphyria. He died deaf, mad, and blind at Windsor Castle on 29 January 1820, leaving a legacy of social unrest and an outmoded constitution.

25 October 1760, Saturday (-67,399) (Britain, France-Germany, East Europe) George II died suddenly at 8am, in Kensington, London, aged 76. His successor George III was inclined to concentrate on British, not Hanoverian, interests, and disliked William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, who had promoted the Anglo-Prussian Alliance. Without British help, Prussia could not continue fighting.

22 October 1760, Wednesday (-67,402)

20 October 1760, Monday (-67,404) Alexandre Lameth, French politician, was born (died 18 March 1829).

19 October 1760, Sunday (-67,405) Gottleib Hufeland, German scholarly writer, was born (died 25 February 1817)

17 October 1760, Friday (-67,407) Claude Saint Simon, founder of French socialism, was born in Paris (died 19 May 1825 in Paris)

11 October 1760, Saturday (-67,413) Lord George Murray, Scottish Jacobite, died (born 4 October 1694).

1 October 1760, Wednesday (-67,423) William Beckford, English author, was born (died 1844).

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14 September 1760, Sunday (-67,440) Maria Cherubini, Italian composer, was born (died 15 March 1842).

8 September 1760, Monday (-67,446) (Canada) The French surrendered Montreal to the British under General Jeffrey Amherst. This completed the British conquest of Canada. Britain had declared war in France in 1756 as part of the Seven Years War; Amherst won in Canada in 1758 when he took the French fortress at Louisbourg, opening up the way to Montreal.

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22 August 1760, Friday (-67,463) Pope Leo XII born.

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31 July 1760, Thursday (-67,485) Battle of Warburg, Seven Years War. The French under Chevalier de Muy were forced back by a joint British and Prussian force.

26 July 1760, Saturday (-67,490) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Laudon captured Glatz from Prussia.

18 July 1760, Friday (-67,498) Philip Mercier, painter, died in London.

11 July 1760, Friday (-67,505) Francois Hoffmann, French dramatist, was born (died 25 April 1828).

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23 June 1760, Monday (-67,523) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Laudon defeated the Prussians at Landshut.

12 June 1760, Thursday (-67,534) Jean Louvet de Couvrai, French writer, was born (died 25 August 1797).

8 June 1760, Sunday (-67,538) (Germany) Karl Bottiger, German archaeologist, was born in Reichenbach (died in Dresden 17 November 1835).

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29 May 1760, Thursday (-67,548) Louis Michel le Peletier, French politician, was born (assassinated 20 January 1793).

21 May 1760, Wednesday (-67,556) (Russia, Germany) Russia and Austria signed a secret convention, never shared with France, that would give East Prussia to Russia as compensation for its war losses in supporting the Austrians against Prussia.

15 May 1760, Thursday (-67,562) (Myanmar) Aloung P�Houra Alompra ruler of Burma, died.

10 May 1760, Saturday (-67,567) Johann Hebel, German poet, was born (died 22 September 1826).

6 May 1760, Tuesday (-67,571) (Britain) Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire, was born (died 4 February 1816).

5 May 1760, Monday (-67,572) The first hanging by hangman�s drop at Tyburn, London. Earl Ferrers was executed for murdering his valet.

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30 April 1760, Wednesday (-67,577) |Joseph Souham, French soldier, was born in Lubersac (died 28 April 1837)

22 April 1760, Tuesday (-67,585) The first pair of roller skates were seen.

21 April 1760, Monday (-67,586) Britain�s first art exhibition opened. The Annual Exhibition of United Artists was held at the premises of the Society of Arts on The Strand, London.

13 April 1760, Sunday (-67,594) Thomas Beddoes, English scientific writer, was born in Shifnal, Shropshire (died 24 December 1808).

10 April 1760, Thursday (-67,597) Jean Lebeuf, French historical writer, was born (died 10 April 1760).

6 April 1760, Sunday (-67,601) Easter Sunday.

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28 March 1760, Friday (-67,610) (Race Equality) Thomas Clarkson, British anti-slavery campaigner, was born (died 26 September 1846).

20 March 1760, Thursday (-67,618) Major fire in Boston, USA, destroyed 349 buildings.

10 March 1760, Monday (-67,628) Leandro Moratin, Spanish poet, was born (died 21 June 1828).

2 March 1760, Sunday (-67,636) Lucie Desmoulins, French politician, was born (died 1794).

1 March 1760, Saturday (-67,637) (France) Francois Buzot, French Revolutionary, was born (died 18 June 1794).

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26 February 1760, Tuesday (-67,641) Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Russian diplomat, died in Paris (born 1688),

14 February 1760, Thursday (-67,653) Isaac Browne, English poet, died (born 21 January 1705).

12 February 1760, Tuesday (-67,655) Johann Dussek, Bohemian composer, was born (died 20 March 1812).

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24 January 1760, Thursday (-67,674) Lavinia Fenton, English actress, died (born 1708).

22 January 1760, Tuesday (-67,676) Battle of Wandiwash, Seven Years War. In a decisive conflict in southern India, the British under Sir Eyre Coote defeated the French under the Comte de Lally.

15 January 1760, Tuesday (-67,683) Jean Lesueur, French composer, was born (died 6 October 1837).

9 January 1760, Wednesday (-67,689) Battle of barai Ghat, Afghan-Maratha War. The Afghan Army under Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Marathas under Dattaji Sindhia, who died in the battle.

1 January 1760, Tuesday (-67,697) Marie Guillon, French religious writer, was born (died 1847).

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29 December 1759, Saturday (-67,700) Julius Caesar Ibbetson, English painter, was born near Leeds (died 13 October 1817 in Masham, Yorkshire)

25 December 1759, Tuesday (-67,704) Richard Porson, English scholarly writer, was born near North Walsham, Norfolk (died 25 September 1808)

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29 November 1759, Thursday (-67,730) Nicolas Bernoulli, scientist, died (born 10 October 1687)

27 November 1759, Tuesday (-67,732) Czech composer Franz Krommer was born in Kamenice U Jihlavy.

20 November 1759, Tuesday (-67,739) Naval battle at Quiberon Bay, France. Admiral Hawke�s British first fleet destroyed the French invasion fleet under Admiral Conflans, during the Seven Years War. The French had planned to invade Britain with a fleet of flat-bottomed boats carrying some 20,000 soldiers. However the British navy kept this invasion fleet bottled up in its home base of Brest, France. In November 1759 a gale forced the British Navy to return to Torbay, Devon; when the gale died down the French quickly escaped from Brest with 19 battleships. The British navy went looking for the French, as they spotted them another storm approached from the west. The French sought refuge in Quiberon Bay, assuming that the numerous reefs and rocks would deter the British from following. However the British did follow into the Bay. Many French battleships were run aground, wrecked or captured. The French lost 14 battleships and 2,500 men killed; the British lost 2 ships and 400 men. The French navy was broken, leaving Britain in commend of the seas.

10 November 1759, Saturday (-67,749) Friedrich Schiller, German poet and dramatist, was born.

9 November 1759, Friday (-67,750) Edward Hawke withdrew from blockading Brest (19 August 1759); the French fleet set sail, to be defeated by the British at Quiberon Bay (20 November 1759).

2 November 1759, Friday (-67,757) Sir Charles Hanbury, English writer, died (born 1708).

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27 October 1759, Saturday (-67,263) Ferencz Kazinczy, Hungarian author, was born (died 22 August 1831).

26 October 1759, Friday (-67,264) George Danton, French revolutionary, was born (guillotined 5 April 1794).

25 October 1759, Thursday (67,265) William Grenville, British statesman, was born (died 12 January 1834).

22 October 1759, Monday (-67,268) Thomas Cooper, US writer, was born (died 11 May 1840).

17 October 1759, Wednesday (-67,773) Jacques Bernoulli, mathematician, was born (died 7/1789).

16 October 1759, Tuesday (-67,774) The Eddystone Lighthouse, designed by Smeaton, was officially opened.

13 October 1759, Saturday (-67,777) John Henley, English writer and cleric, died (born 3 August 1692).

8 October 1759, Monday (-67,782) The Eddystone Lighthouse was completed.

7 October 1759, Sunday (-67,783) Joseph Ames, English author, died in Wapping (born 23 January 1689 in Yarmouth).

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28 September 1759, Friday (-67,792)

20 September 1759, Thursday (-67,800) Marie Herault, Frenchy politician, was born (executed 5 April 1794).

19 September 1759, Wednesday (-67,801) William Kirby, entomological writer, was born (died 4 July 1850).

17 September 1759, Monday (-67,803)

14 September 1759, Friday (-67,806) (1) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Daun took Dresden from the Prussians.

(2) The earliest dated English board game, A Journey Through Europe, or The Play of Geography, invented by John Jeffries, was sold by him at his London home.

13 September 1759. Thursday (-67,807) General James Wolfe killed in the siege of Quebec; in a fight on the Plains of Abraham near the city, although the British won the siege. See 26 July 1758 and 10 February 1763. The French commander, Louis Montcalm, was also killed, dying of his wounds on 14 September 1759. The British won the surrender of Quebec on 18 September 1759.

12 September 1759, Wednesday (-67,808) Veran Montcalm, French soldier, died (born 28 February 1712).

10 September 1759, Monday (-67,810) Maximlian Montgelas, Bavarian statesman, was born.

3 September 1759, Monday (-67,817) Jesuits expelled from Portugal and Brazil by royal decree. Some refused to leave and were violently deported by the military, onto ships bound for the Papal States.

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24 August 1759. Friday (-67,827) William Wilberforce, anti-slavery campaigner, was born in Hull, the son of a merchant. He was the third of four children.

19 August 1759, Sunday (-67,832) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Battle of Lagos. Choiseul had managed to extricate France from much of its commitment to support Austria, so the French could commit more resources to fighting Britain. Choiseul planned an invasion, with landings from London to Scotland. To transport this invasion the French Mediterranean fleet was ordered to sail from Toulon to join the Atlantic fleet at Brest. On its way northwards past Portugal, the French fleet was attacked by Admiral Edward Boscawen off Lagos, Portugal, and scattered. Meanwhile Edward Hawke was blockading the French port of Brest (see 9 November 1759).

12 August 1759, Sunday (-67,839) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick, who had been unable to prevent the Austrians under Daun and the Russians under Saltykov joining forces, was heavily defeated by them at Kunersdorf. Frederick lost 18,000 men in six hours. The Russians did not capitalise on this victory, but Daun then marched on Dresden.

10 August 1759, Friday (-67,841) Ferdinand VI, King of Spain, died.

9 August 1759, Thursday (-67,842) Johann Guts-Muths, German pedagogical writer, was born (died 21 May 1839).

8 August 1759, Wednesday (-67,843) Carl Graun, German composer, died (born 7 May 1701).

1 August 1759, Wednesday (-67,850) (France-Germany, East Europe) At the Battle of Minden (Seven Years War), six British-Allied army regiments defeated a larger French force, in north-west Germany.

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27 July 1759, Friday (-67,861) Pierre Maupertuis, French scientific writer, died (born 17 July 1768).

24 July 1759, Tuesday (-67,858) In Canada, the British captured Fort Niagara from the French.

23 July 1759. Monday (-67,859) (1) (France-Germany, East Europe) 70,000 Russians under Saltykov defeated 26,000 Prussians under von Wedel at Zullichau.

(2) Work began on the Royal Navy�s 104 gun battleship HMS Victory at Chatham, Kent, built with the wood of 2,200 oak trees.

18 July 1759, Wednesday (-67,864) Pierre Dumont, French political writer, was born (died 29 September 1829)

10 July 1759, Tuesday (-67.872) Pierre Joseph Redoute, French botanical illustrator, was born in St Hiubert, Luxembourg (died 20 June 1840 in Paris)

9 July 1759, Monday (-67,873) (France-Germany, East Europe) The French, under the Duc de Broglie, took Minden on the River Weser.

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29 June 1759, Friday (-47,883) Dr Thomas Monro, English painter, was born in London (died in Bushey, Hertfordshire, 14 February 1833)

27 June 1759, Wednesday (-47,885) Battle of Quebec, Seven Years War.

21 June 1759, Thursday (-47,891) Alexander Dallas, US statesman, was born (died 16 June 1817).

12 June 1759, Tuesday (-47,900) William Collins, English poet, died (born 25 December 1721).

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28 May 1759, Monday (-67,915) William Pitt the Younger, British Tory Prime Minister, was born at Hayes, near Bromley, Kent. He became Britain�s youngest Prime Minister at age 24.

20 May 1759, Sunday (-67,923) William Thornton, US architect who designed the Capitol at Washington, was born.

12 May 1759, Saturday (-67,931) Lambert Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor, died in Paris (born 10 October 1700 in Nancy)

6 May 1759, Sunday (-67,937) Francois Andrieux, French writer, was born in Strasbourg (died 9 May 1833 in Paris)

2 May 1759, Wednesday (-67,941) Christophe Huet, French rococo painter, died in Paris (born 22 June 1700 in Pontoise)

1 May 1759, Tuesday (-67,942) (USA) Jacob Albright, US clergyman, was born near Pottstown, Pennsylvania (died 18 May 1808 in Muhlbach, Pennsylvania).

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27 April 1759, Friday (-67,946) Birth of Mary Wollstonecraft, English writer, political radical and feminist.

19 April 1759, Thursday (-67,954) August Iffland, German dramatist, was born (died 22 September 1814).

15 April 1759, Sunday (-67,958) Easter Sunday.

14 April 1759. Saturday (-67,959) George Frederick Handel, German composer, died, aged 74, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He was born in Halle, Saxony, on 23 February 1685. He settled in England and became court composer to George II.

13 April 1759, Friday (-67,960) (France-Germany, East Europe) Ferdinand of Brunswick, who had enjoyed success against the French in southwest Germany, was defeated at Bergen, near Frankfurt am Main, by the Duc de Broglie.

8 April 1759, Sunday (-67,965) Robert Clive, Governor of the British East India Company�s possessions in Bengal, seized Masilupatam and drove the French out of the Deccan area.

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29 March 1759, Thursday (-67,975) Alexander Chalmers, Scottish writer, was born (died 19 December 1834)

9 March 1759, Friday (-67,995) Charles Louis Huguet Semonville, French diplomat, was born in Paris (died 11 August 1839 in Paris)

3 March 1759, Saturday (-68,001) John Jamieson, Scottish lexicographical writer, was born (died 12 July 1838).

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26 February 1759, Monday (-60,006) Ludwig Jacob, German economics writer, was born (died 22 July 1827).

11 February 1759, Sunday (-68,021) (Britain) John Camden, British politician, was born (died 8 October 1840).

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29 January 1759, Monday (-68,034) (Biology) Louis Bosc, French naturalist, was born in Paris (died in Paris 10 July 1828).

25 January 1759, Thursday (-68,038) Robert Burns, Scottish poet, was born at Alloway, near Ayr, Ayrshire, son of a poor farmer.

16 January 1759. Tuesday (-68,047) British Museum, London, opened to the public, in premises formerly known as Montague House. Funded by a lottery that raised UK� 300,000, the museum contained a collection of books, manuscripts and natural objects amassed by Sir Hans Sloane, also collections by Edward and Robert Harley and Sir Robert Bruce Cotton.

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25 December 1758, Monday (-68,069) James Hervey, English religious writer, died (born 26 February 1714).

17 December 1758, Sunday (-68,077) Nathaniel Macon, US politician, was born (died 29 June 1837).

15 December 1758, Friday (-68,079) John Dyer, British poet, died.

9 December 1758, Saturday (-68,085) Matthew Flinders confirmed that a channel existed between Tasmania and Australia, making the former an island.

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27 November 1758, Monday (-68,097) Mary Robinson, English actress, was born in Bristol (died 1800)

25 November 1758, Saturday (-68,099) The British captured Fort Duquesne (later, Pittsburgh) from the French.

21 November 1758, Tuesday (-68,103) (Austria) Austrian forces under Daun surrounded a Prussian force under General Finck at Maxen, forcing its surrender.

12 November 1758, Sunday (-68,112) Jean Mounier, French politician, was born (died 28 January 1806).

5 November 1758, Sunday (-68,119) Hans Egede, the Apostle of Greenland, died. Born in Norway in 1686, he was appointed pastor of Vagen, Norway, in 1707. He desired to convert the descendants of the Norse in Greenland and departed for there in 1721. Finding the Norse to be extinct, he set about converting the Inuit. The death of his wife Getrude Rask in 1736 caused him to leave Greenland. In 1740 he became superintendent of the Greenland Mission in Copenhagen.

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28 October 1758, Saturday (-68,127) John Sibthope, English botanist, was born in Oxford (died 8 February 1796 in Bath)

16 October 1758, Monday (-68,139) Birth of Noah Webster, lexicographer who produced the first American dictionary.

15 October 1758, Sunday (-68,140) Johann Heinrich von Dannecker, German sculptor, was born (died 1841)

14 October 1758, Saturday (-68,141) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Austrians under Daun launched an unexpected counter-attack against the Prussians at Hochkirk; Prussian losses were 9,500 against 7,500 for the Austrians. Daun began an advance on Dresden, but fell back to Pirna when he heard of Frederick�s march on Lusatia. However the Austrian victory at Hochkirk raised French morale; they had been inclined to abandon the war against Prussia.

11 October 1758, Wednesday (-68,144) Heinrich Olbers, German astronomer, was born near Bremen (died 2 March 1840)

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29 September 1758, Friday (-68,156) Horatio Nelson was born in Burnham Thorpe rectory, Norfolk.He was the son of a clergyman, one of 11 children.He died in battle in 1805.

21 September 1758, Thursday (-68,164) Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, French Orientalist writer, was born in Paris (died 21 February 1838)

14 September 1758, Thursday (-68,171) Battle of Grants Hill, Pennsylvania, Seven Years War. Te British under Major Grant were defeated by the French iunder de Ligneris at Fort Duquesne.

9 September 1758, Saturday (-68,176) Alexander Naysmyth, Scottish painter, was born (died 10 April 1840).

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27 August 1758, Sunday (-68,189) Battle of Fort Frontenac, Canada, Seven Years War. Colonel Bradstreet, British, defeated the French under Noyan, who lost control of Lake Ontario.

25 August 1758, Friday (-68,191) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick of Prussia moved around Fermor�s east flank and his 36,000 men attacked the Russians at Zorndorf (Sarbinowo). Prussian losses were 13,500, against Russian casualties of 42,000 (21,000 killed). Frederick now left Christoph von Dohna to pursue the defeated Russians; Frederick moved south to assist his brother, Prince Henry, against the Austrians under Daun at Dresden.

20 August 1758, Sunday (-68,196) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick�s forces arrived at Frankfurt on Oder, ready to attack the Russians besieging Kustrin.

15 August 1758, Tuesday (-68,201) (France-Germany, East Europe) Russian forces under Fermor began a siege of the Prussians at Kustrin.

10 August 1758, Thursday (-68,206) Armand Gensonne, French politician, was born (executed 31 October 1793).

2 August 1758, Wednesday (-68,214) Battle of Carrical, India, Seven Years War. The British under Admiral Pocock defeated the French under Comte D�Ache, but made few gains.

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26 July 1758. Wednesday (-68,221) A British force authorised by William Pitt to attack the French in North America had its first success with the capture of Louisburg. See 13 September 1759 and 10 February 1763.

21 July 1758, Friday (-68,226) Elizabeth Hamilton, British author, was born (died 23 July 1816).

20 July 1758, Thursday (-68,227) Marguerite Guadet, French revolutionary, was born (guillotined 17 June 1794).

6 July 1758, Thursday (-68,241)

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23 June 1758, Friday (-68,254) (France-Germany, East Europe) Emmerlich�s Anglo-Hanoverian army, 40,000-strong, defeated 70,000 men under the Comte de Clermont at Krefeld. This victory enabled Emmerlich to hold all of northern Germany against France, despite French victories further south in Hesse and Thuringia.

22 June 1758, Thursday (-68,255) George Vancouver, the explorer who gave his name to the city of Vancouver, Canada, was born in Kings Lynn, England.

19 June 1758, Monday (-68,258) Raffaello Morghen, Italian engraver, was born (died 8 April 1833).

9 June 1758, Friday (-68,268) The first line sanctioned by Parliament opened in Britain. This was the Leeds to Middleton line.

2 June 1758, Friday (-68,275) A British war fleet anchored in Gabarus Bay, off Canada, to fight the French.

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28 May 1758, Sunday (-68,280) Amherst, Wolfe, and Lawrence arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia, see 19 February 1758.

15 May 1758, Monday (-68,293) Thomas Taylor, English writer, was born in London (died 1 November 1835 in London)

6 May 1758, Saturday (-68,302) Birth of Maximillien Robespierre, French revolutionary who instituted the Reign of Terror, and was eventually guillotined himself.

3 May 1758, Wednesday (-68,305) Pope Benedict XIV (247th Pope) died. Pope Clement XIII (248th Pope) acceded, formerly Cardinal Carlo della Torre Rezzonico, died 1769.

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28 April 1758, Friday (-68,310) James Monroe, American Republican and 5th President, was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia.

22 April 1758, Saturday (-60,316) Antoine de Jussieu, writer, died.

16 April 1758, Sunday (-68,322) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick of Prussia defeated the Austrians at Schweidnitz, Silesia.

9 April 1758, Sunday (-68,329) (USA) Ames Fisher, US statesman, was born in Dedham, Massachusetts (died 4 July 1808)

4 April 1758, Tuesday (-68,334) John Hoppner, British portrait painter, was born in London (died 23 January 1810 in London)

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28 March 1758, Tuesday (-68,341) Jonathan Edwards, religious writer, died (born 5 October 1703).

27 March 1758, Monday (-68,342) (France-Germany, East Europe) An Anglo-Hanoverian force under Ferdinand of Brunswick crossed the Rhine at Emmerlich, near the Dutch frontier (see 23 June 1758).

26 March 1758, Sunday (-68,343) Easter Sunday.

9 March 1758, Thursday (-68,360) Franz Gall, medical writer, was born (died 22 August 1828)

2 March 1758, Thursday (-68,367) Pierre Guerin de Tencin, French Cardinal, died (born in Grenoble 22 August 1679)

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28 February 1758, Tuesday (-68,369) Nicolas Molliken, French financier, was born.

19 February 1758, Sunday (-68,378) British General Amherst, recalled from Germany by Pitt, sailed this day from Portsmouth with Brigadier-General Lawrence and Brigadier James Wolfe, for Canada, to pursue the war against the French.See 28 May 1758.

17 February 1758, Friday (-68,380) John Pinkerton, Scottish historical writer, was born in Edinburgh (died 10 March 1826 in Paris)

12 February 1758, Sunday (-68,385) Sir David Ochterlony, British General, was born in Boston, Massachusets (died 15 July 1825 in Meerut).

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22 January 1758, Sunday (-68,406) (France-Germany, East Europe) William Fermor, Scottish emigrant to Russia who had taken the place of Apraksin (see 30 August 1757) in September 1757, took the East Prussian capital, Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) from Prussia. However a spring thaw melted the snow and made the roads impassable, temporarily immobilising Fermor.

7 January 1758, Saturday (-68,421) Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet, died (born in Leadhills, Lanarkshire, 15 October 1686)

6 January 1758, Friday (-68,422) Charles Ganilh, political writer, was born (died 1836).

1 January 1758, Sunday (-68,427) The formal starting date for standardised species names across the animal kingdom, based on Carl Linnaeus� work, Systema Naturae.

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11 December 1757, Sunday (-68,448) Colley Cibber, English actor, died (born 6 November 1671).

10 December 1757, Saturday (-68,449) Herbert Marsh, English religious writer, was born (died 1 May 1839).

5 December 1757, Monday (-68,454) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick of Prussia, now confronted by an Austrian army which had invaded Silesia and seized Breslau, defeated them this day at Leuthen and recovered Breslau, capital of Silesia. Frederick�s 43,000 men attacked the 72,000 Austrians under Charles of Lorraine with a sudden cavalry charge followed by a heavy artillery bombardment. Frederick�s losses amounted to 6,000, against 22,000 lost by Charles, including 12,000 taken prisoner. Meanwhile the Swedes, who had invaded Prussian Pomerania in September 1757 (without Russian approval), were also forced back into Swedish Pomerania, where they held against the Prussians at Stralsund. With the Russians under Apraksin also having retreated (see 30 August 1757), the war began to turn in Prussia�s favour.

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28 November 1757, Monday (-68,461) Poet, artist, and visionary William Blake was born in London.

22 November 1757, Tuesday (-68,467) In Silesia, Austria took Breslau (Wroclaw) from Prussia.

15 November 1757, Tuesday (-68,474) Jacques Hebert, French revolutionary, was born (guillotined 24 March 1794).

14 November 1757, Monday (-68,475) Arnail Jaucourt, French politician, was born (died 5 February 1852).

13 November 1757, Sunday (-68,476) Archibald Alison, Scottish author, was born in Edinburgh (died 17 May 1839 in Colinton).

11 November 1757, Friday (-68,478) In Silesia, Austria took Schweidnitz (Swidnica) from Prussia.

6 November 1757, Sunday (-68,483) Louis Beffroy, French dramatist, was born in Laon (died in Paris 17 December 1811).

5 November 1757, Saturday (-68,484) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick, faced by a French Army advancing from Thuringia towards Berlin, won a major victory against them at Rossbach. 21,000 Prussian troops faced 41,000French and allied men but the cautious tactics of the French commander Soubise were at odds with his more aggressive ally Saxe-Hildburghausen, and the Prussian cavalry forces were more mobile, under the leadership of Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz. In two hours fighting, the Prussian lost 550 men against allied losses of 7,000. Encouraged by this victory the British repudiated Klosterzeven (see 26 July 1757) and sent troops to reinforce the Hanoverians.

1 November 1757, Tuesday (-68,488) Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor, was born (died 13 October 1822).

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30 October 1757, Sunday (-68,490) Edward Vernon, English Admiral, died in Nacton, Suffolk (born 12 November 1684 in Westminster)

26 October 1757, Wednesday (-68,494) Charles Pinckney, US statesman, was born in Charleston, South Carolina (died 29 October 1824 in Charleston, South Carolina).

25 October 1757, Tuesday (-68,495) Antoine Calmet, French Benedictine monk and teacher (born 26/2.1672) died.

17 October 1757, Monday (-68,503) Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reamur, scientific writer, died by falling from a horse (born 28 February1683 in La Rochelle)

15 October 1757, Saturday (-68,505)

10 October 1757, Monday (-68,510) (Biology) Erik Acharius, Swedish botanist (died 13 August 1819 in Wadstena) was born.

9 October 1757, Sunday (-68,511) Charles X, King of Sweden, was born

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19 September 1757, Monday (-68,531) (Russia) Elizabeth I of Russia had a fainting fit at Tsarskoe Selo; the start of a serious illness.

15 September 1757, Thursday (-68,535) Karl Moritz, German author, was born (died 26 June 1793).

7 September 1757, Wednesday (-68,543) (France-Germany, East Europe) Prussian forces under Fredrick Francis of Brunswick-Bevern were defeated at Moys (Zgorzelec) in Silesia by the Austrians.

6 September 1757, Tuesday (-68,544) Marquis de Lafayette, Frenchman who fought with the American colonists for independence from Britain and was a key figure in the French Revolution, was born.

3 September 1757, Saturday (-68,547) (Germany) Augustus Charles was born (died 14 June 1828).

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30 August 1757, Tuesday (-68,551) (France-Germany, East Europe) A Russian army of 90,000, having crossed Poland and entered Prussia, heavily defeated the Prussians under Hans von Lehwaldt at Gross-Jagersdorf, west of Gumbinnen. Unexpectedly the Russian commander, Apraksin, then withdrew. The health of the Russian Empress Elizabeth, who hated Prussia, was becoming uncertain and her successor, the future Peter III, liked Frederick and opposed the fight against Prussia. Therefore Apraksin risked the displeasure of his future master if he continued his aggression in Prussia.

28 August 1757, Sunday (-68,553) David Hartley, English philosophical writer, died (born 30 August 1705)

26 August 1757, Friday (-68,555) Antoine Christophe Saliceti, French Revolutionist, was born in Saliceto, Corsica (died 23 December 1809 in Naples)

17 August 1757, Wednesday (-68,564) Adam von Bartsch, Austrian art historian, was born in Vienna (died 21 August 1821 in Vienna)

9 August 1757, Tuesday (-68,572), French General Louis de Montcalm (1712-59) attacked the British held Fort William Henry, gateway to northern Canada. Outnumbered, the fort�s commender, Colonel Munro laid down his arms and honourably surrendered, having been promised safe passage by Montcalm. However theAmerindians allied to the French then turned on the British, to the horror of Montcalm.Risking his own life he managed to restore order, however many Biritsh were killed. The survivors reached safety at Fort Edward.

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26 July 1757, Tuesday (-68,586) (France-Germany, East Europe) A French Army of 100,000 defeated the Hanoverian, Prussian and British allied forces under William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, a younger son of King George II of England. This was at Hastenbeck, south west of Hanover. On 8 September 1757 the French forced Cumberland to sign the Convention of Klosterzeven, which stipulated the disbandment of Cumberland�s forces in Germany.

23 July 1757. Saturday (-68,589) The composer Scarlatti died, aged 71.

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26 June 1757, Sunday (-68,616) (Austria) Maximillian Browne, Austrian Field-Marshal, died (born 23 October 1705).

23 June 1757. Thursday (-68,619) The Battle of Plassey took place in Bengal. The British victory of Robert Clive over the Nawab of Bengal laid the foundations for the British Empire in India.

22 June 1757, Wednesday (-68,620) George Vancouver, English naval captain who surveyed the Pacific coast of North America, was born in Kings Lynn, Norfolk.

18 June 1757, Saturday (-68,624) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick, ruler of Prussia, sought to turn back an advancing Austrian army, 50,000 strong under von Daun, but was heavily defeated at Kolin this day.Frederick had to give up Bohemia and raise the siege of Prague.

8 June 1757, Wednesday (-68,634) Ercole Consalvi, Italian statesman, was born (died 24 January 1824).

5 June 1757, Sunday (-68,637) (Medical) Pierre Cabanis, French physiologist, was born (died 5 May 1808).

1 June 1757, Wednesday (-68,641) Ignaz Joseph Pleyel, Austrian musician, was born near Vienna (died 14 November 1831)

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30 May 1757, Monday (-68,643) Henry Addington Siddington, English statesman, was born (died 15 February 1844 in Richmond, London)

17 May 1757, Tuesday (-68,656) (Russia, Germany) Russian troops advanced on Konigsberg, Prussia.

6 May 1757, Friday (-68,667) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Battle of Prague. Frederick�s Prussian Army of 64,000 routed an Austrian Army of 66,000 under Browne and Prince Charles of Lorraine. This defeat came before the Austrians could be reinforced by more troops under Leopold Joseph, Graf von Daun. 14,000 Austrians were killed, 16,000 escaped to join von Daun, and the rest fled into Prague itself where they were besieged by Frederick.

1 May 1757, Sunday (-68,672) (France-Germany, East Europe) Austria and France signed the Second Treaty of Versailles, allying themselves for an offensive against Prussia. Under this Treaty, Austria would regain Silesia (from Prussia) but would cede the Austrian Netherlands (to be divided between King Louis XV of France and his Spanish Bourbon cousin Philip Duke of Parma). Philip�s Italian possessions would revert to Austrian rule. France would garrison 105,000 of its troops in Prussia, in addition to supplying 30,000 men to the Austrian Army (increased from an earlier figure of 24,000). France would provide an annual subsidy to Austria of 12,000,000 livres. Meanwhile on 11 January 1757 France had concluded a secret treaty with Russia whereby France agreed to help Russia in the event of any attack on Russia by Turkey (contravening a long-standing detente between France and Turkey). In return for this Russia would supply 80,000 men against Prussia. All parties swore not to make separate peaces with Prussia, which was to be partitioned between the Allies.

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19 April 1757, Tuesday (-68,684) Edward Exmouth, English Admiral, was born (died 23 January 1833).

18 April 1757, Monday (-68,685) Frederick of Prussia left his winter quarters and marched on Prague.See 16 October

17 April 1757, Sunday (-68,686)

16 April 1757, Saturday (-68,687) Daniel Gran, Austrian fresco painter, died in St Polten (born 1694 in Vienna)

15 April 1757, Friday (-68,688) Rosalba Carriera, Italian pastel portrait painter, died in Venice (born 7 October 1675 in Venice)

10 April 1757, Sunday (-68,693) Easter Sunday.

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31 March 1757, Thursday (-68,703) (Finland) Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, Governor General of the grand Duchy of Finland, was born in Finland (died 19 August 1814 in Tsarskoe Selo).

23 March 1757, Wednesday (-68,711) The British won the Battle of Chandernagore, Bengal.

21 March 1757, Monday (-68,713) James Sowerby, English natural-history artist, was born in London (died 25 October 1822)

14 March 1757, Monday (-68,720) Admiral John Byng was executed by firing squad on the Monarque at Portsmouth, for his failure to relieve the island of Minorca, under attack by the French, at the start of the Seven Years War. In fact his fleet was probably inadequate for the task; having failed to prevent a French landing on Minorca, he took advice to leave the British garrison to its fate.

11 March 1757, Friday (-68,723) James Saumarez, English Admiral, was born in St Peter Port, Guernsey (died 9 Octoebr 1836 in Guernsey)

8 March 1757, Tuesday (-68,726) (Britain) Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar, died (born in Aberdeen 4 April 1701).

6 March 1757, Sunday (-68,728) Louis Fontanes, French poet, was born (died 17 March 1821),

1 March 1757, Tuesday (-68,733) John Boydell, publisher, was born in Dorrington (died in Paris 23 November 1833).

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7 February 1757, Monday (-68,755) The Treaty of Alinagar was concluded by Clive of Plassey, following his recapture of Calcutta from the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj al Daula. Under this Treaty, Calcutta was returned to the East India Company, who gained the right to fortify the city and to print money. Calcutta became a bridgehead from which the East India Company extended its control across Bengal.

5 February 1757, Saturday (-68,757) Horatio Walpole of Wolterton, English diplomatist, died (born 1678)

3 February 1757, Thursday (-68,759) Constantin Volney, French scholarly writer, was born in Craon (died 25 april 1820 in Paris)

1 February 1757, Tuesday (-68,761) John Philip Kemble, actor, was born (died 26 February 1823).

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22 January 1757, Saturday (-68,771) Christian Beck, German historical writer, was born in Leipzig (died in Leipzig 13 December 1832)

19 January 1757, Wednesday (-68,774) Thomas Ruddiman, Scottish scholarly writer, died in Edinburgh (born October 1674 in Banffshire)

11 January 1757, Tuesday (-68,782) Alexander Hamilton, US statesman, was born (died 12 July 1804).

9 January 1757, Sunday (-68,784) Bernard Fontenelle, French author, died (born 11 February 1657).

2 January 1757, Sunday (-68,791) Clive of India captured Calcutta after it had been seized by the Nawab of Bengal. The Nawab had imprisoned 146 British in the infamous Black Hole of Calcutta, see 20 June 1756. This brought Bengal, with all its wealth, under British control.

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27 December 1756, Monday (-68,797) The court-martial of Admiral Byng began over the surrender of Minorca to the French.

26 December 1756, Sunday (-68,798) Bernard Lacepede, French naturalist writer, was born (died 6 October 1825).

11 December 1756, Saturday (-68,813) Theodore Neuhof, German adventurer and claimant to the throne of Corsica, died.

8 December 1756, Wednesday (-68,816) William Stanhope, British politician, died.

16 November 1756, Tuesday (-68,838)

3 November 1756, Wednesday (-68,851) Pierre Laromiguiere, French philosophical writer, was born.

16 October 1756, Saturday (-68,869) (1) (France-Germany, East Europe) The army of Saxony capitulated to Frederick of Prussia at the fortress of Pirma.See 18 April 1857. Most of the Saxon Army joined with Prussia.

(2) Noah Webster, American lexicographer who wrote Webster�s Dictionary, was born in West Hartford, Connecticut.

13 October 1756, Wednesday (-68,872) James Gambier, British Admiral, was born (died 19 April 1833),

1 October 1756, Friday (-68,884) (France-Germany, East Europe) The Battle of Lobositz (midway between Dresden and Prague).The Prussians defeated the Austrians. Russia would have marched to help Austria against Prussia, but this would entail Russian troops crossing Poland. Although France would nominally have welcomed this, as it would relieve the French from helping Austria, and Poland was allied to France, in secret the French would not welcome any Russian influence upon Poland.

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22 September 1756, Wednesday (-68,893) (Britain) Hobart, Earl of Buckingham, died.

21 September 1756, Tuesday (-68,894). John Mac Adam, Scottish surveyor who pioneered the uses of tar-macadam for road surfacing, was born in Ayr.

10 September 1756, Friday (-68,905) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick entered the Saxon capital, Dresden, with his army of 70,000. The Saxon Army, 20,000, fell back to Pirna to the south east. Prussia assured Poland of it�s good intentions but was not believed; Poland was also friendly with France. Meanwhile an Austrian army under Ulysses von Browne, of 32,000 men, was moving from Bohemia to unite with the Saxons. To counter this threat, Frederick moved into Bohemia, towards Lobositz (see 1 October 1756).

7 September 1756, Tuesday (-68,908) Willem Bilderdijk, Dutch poet, was born in Amsterdam (died in Haarlem 18 December 1831).

29 August 1756. Sunday(-68,917) (France-Germany, East Europe) Frederick II of Prussia invaded Saxony, setting off a European war. Britain was allied with Prussia and Hanover, against Austria, Saxony and France, see 16 January 1756, and 1 July 1756. Austria wanted to regain its province of Silesia,taken by Frederick II of Prussia during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). Frederick , believing in attacking first, invaded Saxony to detach it from the Franco-Austrian alliance.

13 August 1756, Friday (-68,933) James Gillray, English caricaturist, was born in London (died 1 June 1815 in London)

11 August 1756, Wednesday (-68,935) Battle of Oswego, New York State, Seven Years War. The French under the Marquis of Montcalm captured an English fort held by Colonel Mercer, who was killed in battle.

1 August 1756, Sunday (-68,945) Prieeur de la Marne, French politician, was born (died 31 May 1827 in Brussels)

24 July 1756, Saturday (-68,953) George Vertue, English engraver, died (born 1684 in London)

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20 June 1756. Sunday (-68,987) Night of the Black Hole of Calcutta. See 2 January 1757, and 12 August 1765. A total of 147 people were confined in what came to be known as the Black Hole of Calcutta. The remaining European defenders of Calcutta in the Seven Years War in India were shut away in a local lock up for petty offenders, following the capture of Calcutta by the Nawab Siraj Ul Dawlah of Bengal. The Black Hole was a room 18 feet long by 14 foot 10 inches wide, with only two small windows. According to the British leader John Z Holwell, only 23 of the 147 imprisoned survived, but this figure may be inaccurate. Instead of the suspected slaughter, the Nawab may have been guilty of negligence.

13 June 1756, Sunday (-68,994) Edmund Lodge, English heraldry writer, was born (died 16 January 1839).

11 June 1756, Friday (-68,996) Cesar du Marsais, French scholarly writer, died (born 17 September 1676)

6 June 1756, Sunday (-69,001) John Trumbull, US artist, was born in Connecticut (died 10 November 1843 in New York)

4 June 1756, Friday (-69,003) Jean Chaptal, French statesman, was born (died 30 July 1832).

31 May 1756, Monday (-69,007) James Currie, Scottish physician, was born (died 31 August 1805).

27 May 1756, Thursday (-69,011) Maximillian I, King of Bavaria, was born.

20 May 1756, Thursday (-69,018) (Spain) During the Seven Year�s War, Britain lost Minorca to the French.

18 May 1756, Tuesday (-69,020) (Britain, France) Britain declared war on France. This was the start of the Seven Years War.

6 May 1756, Thursday (-69,032) Andre Massena, one of Napoleon�s Marshals, was born (died 4 April 1817).

1 May 1756, Saturday (-69,037) Alarmed by the Convention of Westminster, (see 16 January 1756), the French concluded a defensive treaty with Austria, who was under threat from the Prussians. The Russians were also concerned at the Anglo-Prussian alliance and sought closer ties with Austria and France.

18 April 1756, Sunday (-69,050) Easter Sunday. (Astronomy) Jacques Cassini, astronomer, died (born 8 February 1677).

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30 March 1756, Tuesday (-69,069) Juan Llorente, Spanish historical writer, was born (died 5 February 1823)

13 March 1756, Saturday (-69,086) Antonio Bernacchi, Italian castrato singer, died in Bologna (born 23 June 1685 in Bologna)

4 March 1756, Thursday (-69,095) Sir Henry Raeburn, Scottish portrait painter, was born in Stockbridge, Edinburgh (died 8 July 1823 in Edinburgh)

3 March 1756, Wednesday (-69,096) William Godwin, English political writer, wife of the noted feminist campaigner Mary Wollstonecraft, was born (died 7 April 1836).

1 March 1756, Monday (-69,098)

23 February 1756, Monday (-69,105) Juan Forner, Spanish writer, was born (died 17 March 1799).

22 February 1756, Sunday (-69,106) Georg Martens, German legal writer, was born (died 21 February 1821).

17 February 1756, Tuesday (-69,111) (Medicine) Johann Ackermann, German physician, (died 9 March 1801 in Altdorf) was born

6 February 1756, Friday (-69,122) (USA) Aaron Burr, US politician, was born (died 14 September 1836).

29 January 1756, Thursday (-69,130) Henry Lee, US General, was born (died 25 March 1818).

27 January 1756, Tuesday (-69,132) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer, was born in Salzburg, the son of a musician.

16 January 1756. Friday (-69,143) (Britain, France-Germany, Russia) George II secured an agreement, the Convention of Westminster, by which Frederick of Prussia guaranteed to help England if Hanover was attacked, and England promised to help Prussia if Silesia was attacked.This guaranteed the neutrality of the Prussian states under Frederick II in the escalating Anglo-French dispute.However it was also alarming to Russia, who saw the Treaty as a potential Anglo-Prussian alliance against them. See 1 May 1756.

6 January 1756, Tuesday (-69,153) Melchior Goldast, Swiss historical writer, was born (died 1635).

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3 December 1755, Wednesday (-69,187) Gilbert Stuart, US artist, was born in Rhode Island (died 27 July 1828 in Boston Massachusetts)

1 December 1755, Monday (-69,189) Maurice Greene, English composer, died (born 1695)

30 November 1755, Sunday (-69,190) Johann Elias Bach, German musician, died in Schweinfurt (born 12 February 1705 in Schweinfurt)

17 November 1755, Monday (-69,203) Louis XVIII, King of France after the fall of Napoleon, was born in Versailles.

13 November 1755, Thursday (-69,207) Joseph :Louis, French statesman, was born (died 26 August 1837).

12 November 1755, Wednesday (-69,208) Gerhard Scharnhorst, Prussian General, was bornnear Hanover (died 8 June 1813 in Prague)

7 November 1755, Friday (-69,213)

2 November 1755, Sunday (-69,218) Marie Antoinette, Austrian princess and Queen Consort of Louis XVI of France, was born in Vienna.

1 November 1755, Saturday (-69,219) An earthquake reduced two thirds of Lisbon to rubble, killing 60,000 people. Lisbon had been a great city with a population of about a quarter of a million. The quake has been estimated at Richter 9, and caused cracks as wide as 5 metres in the ground to open. Further destruction was caused when a 6 metre high tsunami struck, drowning many who had sought refuge on ships in the harbour. Fire then destroyed many more buildings. Striking on All Saints Day, the quake caused many to be sceptical of God�s existence, and the event spurred research into natural causes for disasters rather than Acts of God, laying the foundations for the Enlightenment.

28 October 1755, Tuesday (-69,223) Joseph Boismortier, French composer, died in Roissy en Brie (born 23 December 1689 in Thionville)

20 October 1755, Monday (-69,231) Pierre Lefebvre, Marshal of France, was born (died 14 September 1820).

14 October 1755, Tuesday (-69,237) Thomas Charles, Welsh educationalist, was born (died 5 October 1814).

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24 September 1755, Wednesday (-69,257) John Marshall, US jurist, was born (died 6 July 1835).

18 September 1755, Thursday (-69,263) Martin Joseph Routh, English scholarly writer, was bornin South Elmham, Suffolk (died 22 December 1854 in Oxford)

17 September 1755, Wednesday (-69,264) (Britain) William Cathcart, English soldier, was born (died 16 June 1843).

10 September 1755, Wednesday (-69,271) (France) Bertrand Barere, French politician, was born in Tarbes (died 13 January 1841).

8 September 1755, Monday (-69,273) Colonial British troops in America defeated a comboined force of French and Amerindians at the Battle of Lake George.

29 August 1755, Friday (-69,283) Jan Dombrowski, Polish General, was born (died 19 June 1799).

24 August 1755, Sunday (-69,288) Louis Narbonne-Lara, French statesman, was born (died 17 November 1813).

20 August 1755, Wednesday (-69,292) Toussaint Bernard Emeric David, art writer, was born (died 2 April 1839)

17 August 1755, Sunday (-69,295) Thomas Stothard, English painter, was born in London (died 27 April 1834 in London)

14 August 1755, Thursday (-69,298) Jean Anet, French composer, died in Luneville (born 2 January 1676 in Paris).

13 August 1755, Wednesday (-69,299) Francesco Durante, Italian composer, died (born 15 March 1684).

12 August 1755, Tuesday (-69,300) Conrad Malte-Brun, French geographical writer, was born (died 14 December 1826).

4 August 1755, Monday (-69,308) Nicolas Conte, French chemist, was born (died 6 December 1805).

28 July 1755, Monday (-69,315) The �Great Upheaval� in Nova Scotia, Canada. The British colony decided to expel all French colonists who would ot sear allegiance to the British Crown. In the subsequent conflict, thousands died over the next 8 years.

22 July 1755, Tuesday (-69,321) Gaspard Prony, French engineer, was born (died 29 July 1839|)

9 July 1755, Wednesday (-69,334) Battle of Monongahela, French-AmerIndian War. The British under General Edward Braddock were routed by a combines French and Amerindian force under Captain Daniel de Beaujeu, and after his death, by Captain Jean Dumas. The Battle was fought near Fort Duquesne (Pittsbiurgh) and one of the survivors was George Washington.

8 July 1755, Tuesday (-69,335) Britain and France broke off diplomatic relations as their dispute over North America deepened.

7 July 1755, Monday (-69,336)

6 July 1755, Sunday (-69,337) John Flaxman, English sculptor, was born (died 7 December 1826).

5 July 1755, Saturday (-69,338) Sarah Siddons, English actress, was born in Brecon, Wales (died 8 June 1831 in London)

4 July 1755, Friday (-69,339) Jean Gail, French writer on Greece, was born (died 5 February 1829).

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23 June 1755, Monday (-69,350) Johann Bachofen, Swiss composer, died in Zurich (born 26 December 1695 in Zurich)

17 June 1755, Tuesday (-69,356) After a siege by British Colonel Monckton, French-held Fort Beuasojour in Nova Scotia (Acadia) surrendered.

15 June 1755, Sunday (-69,358) (Chemistry) Antoine Francoise was born in Paris. In 1799 he isolated urea.

14 June 1755, Saturday (-69,359) Dr Johnson�s dictionary went on sale at �4 10s for the two volumes.

10 June 1755, Tuesday (-69,363)

7 June 1755, Saturday (-69,366) Earthquake hit northern Persia, killing 40,000.

6 June 1755, Friday (-69,367) Nathan Hale, American revolutionary who was hanged for spying on the British, was born.

30 May 1755, Friday (-69,374) Jean Collin D�Harleville, French dramatist, was born (died 24 February 1806).

14 May 1755, Wednesday (-69,390) (Ireland) George Barrington, Irish adventurer, was born in Maynooth.

30 April 1755, Wednesday (-69,404) Jean Baptiste Oudry, French painter, died in Beauvais (born 7 March 1686 in Paris)

16 April 1755, Wednesday (-69,418) Francois Monlosier, French writer, was born (died 9 December 1838).

15 April 1755, Tuesday (-69,419) Dr Samuel�s dictionary was published, after nine years of work. It contained 40,000 words.

10 April 1755, Thursday (-69,424) Samuel Hahnemann, founder of homeopathy, was born (died 2 July 1843).

6 April 1755, Sunday (-69,428) Richard Rawlinson, English divine, died in London (born 3 January 1690 in London)

4 April 1755, Friday (-69,430) Christian Heinrich Spiess, German romantic writer, was born in Frieburg (died 17 August 1799)

1 April 1755, Tuesday (-69,433) (Food) Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, French gastronomist, was born (died 2 February 1826).

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30 March 1755, Sunday (-69,435) Easter Sunday.

24 March 1755, Monday (-69,441) Rufus King, US politician, was born (died 29 April 1827)

6 March 1755, Thursday (-69,459) Jean Florian, French poet, was born (died 13 September 1794)

2 March 1755, Sunday (-69,463) Louis de Rouvroy Saint Simon, French soldier, died in Paris (born 16 January 1675 in Versailles

25 February 1755, Tuesday (-69,468) Francois Mallarme, French Revolutionist, was born (died 25 July 1835).

21 February 1755, Friday (-69,472) Anne Grant, Scottish writer, was born (died 7 November 1838).

20 February 1755, Thursday (-69,473) General Edward Braddock landed with two regiments in Virginia to become Commander in Chief of the British forces in North America, against the French.

18 February 1755, Tuesday (-69,475)

17 February 1755, Monday (-69,476) Thomas Truxton, US naval officer, was born in Long Island (died 5 May 1822 in Philadelphia)

16 February 1755, Sunday (-69,477) (Germany) Friedrich Bulow, Prussian General, was born (died 25 February 1816)

13 February 1755, Thursday (-69,480)

11 February 1755, Tuesday (-69,482) Francesco Maffei, Italian writer, died (born 1 June 1575).

10 February 1755, Monday (-69,483) Charles Montesquieu, French writer, died.

20 January 1755, Monday (-69,504)

12 January 1755, Sunday (-69,512) The first Russian university, at Moscow, opened.

11 January 1755, Saturday (-69,513) Alexander Hamilton, US statesman and founder of the newly independent post-Revolution Government,was born on Nevis, British West Indies.

7 January 1755, Tuesday (-69,517) William Brown, Scottish religious writer, was born (died 11 May 1830).

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25 December 1754, Wednesday (-69,530) Jean Bouchotte, French politician, was born in Metz (died 8 June 1840)

24 December 1754, Tuesday (-69,531) Gainsborough Dupont, English painter and engraver, was born in Sudbury, Suffolk (died 20 January 1797 in London)

21 December 1754, Saturday (-69,534) Sir Banastre Tarleton, English soldier, was born in Liverpool (died 25 January 1833 in Leintwardine, Shropshire

9 December 1754, Monday (-69,546) Francis Hastings, British colonial Governor of India, was born (died 28 November 1826)

7 December 1754, Saturday (-69,548) Richard Valpy, English scholarly writer, was born in Jersey (died 28 March 1836 in London)

27 November 1754, Wednesday (-69,558) Abraham Demoivre, English mathematician, died (born 26 May 1667).

16 November 1754, Saturday (-69,569) William Marsden, English orientalist writer, was born (died 6 October 1836)

12 November 1754, Tuesday (-69,573) Jacob de Wit, Dutch painter, died in Amsterdam (born 1695 in Amsterdam)

8 November 1754, Friday (-69,577) Germain Garnier, French politician, was born (died 4 October 1821).

30 October 1754, Wednesday (-69,586) Philippe Merlin, French politician, was born (died 26 December 1838).

28 October 1754, Monday (-69,588) Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet, died (born 23 April 1708)

9 October 1754, Wednesday (-69,607) Jean Baptiste Regnault, French painter, was born in Paris (died 12 November 1829 in Paris)

8 October 1754. Tuesday (-69,608) Henry Fielding died, aged 47. He is famous as the author of the novel Tom Jones but he also, as a Justice of the Peace, organised the detective force that became Scotland Yard.

5 October 1754, Saturday (-69,611)

2 October 1754, Wednesday (-69,614) Louis Bonald, French politician, was born near Millau (died 23 November 1840).

1 October 1754, Tuesday (-69,615) Paul I, Tsar of Russia, was born.

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9 September 1754, Monday (-69,637) William Bligh, captain of The Bounty, at the time of the mutiny, was born in Plymouth.

23 August 1754, Friday (-69,654) Louis XVI, King of France, was born at Versailles, the only son of Louis XV.

21 August 1754, Wednesday (-69,656) William Murdock, inventor of coal-gas lighting in 1792, was born at Auchinlek, Ayrshire.

18 August 1754, Sunday (-69,659) Francois Chasseloup-Laubat, French General, was born (died 1833).

17 August 1754, Saturday (-69,660) Louis Freron, French Revolutionary, was born (died 1802).

10 August 1754, Saturday (-69,667)

31 July 1754, Wednesday (-69,677) Bon Moncey, Marshal of France, was born (died 20 April 1842)

20 July 1754, Saturday (-69,688) Antoine Tracy, French philosopher, was born in Bourbonnais (died 9 March 1836 in Paris)

11 July 1754, Thursday (-69,697) Thomas Bowdler, whose expurgation of vulgarities in literary works gave the word �bowdlerise�, was born.

10 July 1754, Wednesday (-69,698) Benjamin Franklin called for a Union of the British colonies in America, so as to co-ordinate defence against the French; the so-called Albany Plan.

7 July 1754, Sunday (-69,701)

4 July 1754, Thursday (-69,704) Philippe Destouches, French dramatist, died (born 4/1680).

3 July 1754, Wednesday (-69,705) British forces under George Washington were defeated by the French near Fort Necessity in the Ohio Valley.

==================================================================================

26 June 1754, Wednesday (-69,712) Gabriel Montgomery, French soldier, died.

17 June 1754, Monday (-69,721) Prosper Crebillon, French poet, died (born 13 January 1764).

12 June 1754, Wednesday (-69,726) Isaac le Chapelier, French politician, was born (executed 22 April 1794).

2 June 1754, Sunday (-69,736) Ebenezer Erskine, Scottish religious writer, died (born 22 June 1680)

31 May 1754, Friday (-69,738) Andrea Appiani, Italian painter, was born in Milan (died 8 November 18217 in Milan)

19 May 1754, Sunday (-69,750) Claramunt Lazan, Spanish poet, died (born 28 March 1702).

14 May 1754, Tuesday (-69,755) The Royal and Ancient (St Andrews) Golf Club was founded. The first game was played on the links this day.

10 May 1754, Friday (-69,759) Sir John Sinclair, Scottish economics writer, was born in Thurso (died 1 December 1835)

9 May 1754, Thursday (-69,760) The first US newspaper cartoon appeared, in Benjamin Franklin�s Pennsylvania Gazette.

6 May 1754, Monday (-69,763) Joseph Joubert, French moralistic writer, was born (died 3 May 1824)

29 April 1754, Monday (-69,770) Giovanni battista Piazzetta, painter, died in venice (born 13 February 1683 in Venice)

15 April 1754, Monday (-69,784) (Mathematics) Jacopo Riccati, mathematician, died in Treviso, Italy.

14 April 1754, Sunday (-69,785) Easter Sunday. Alexandre Hauterive, French statesman, was born (died 28 July 1830).

7 April 1754, Sunday (-69,792)

1 April 1754, Monday (-69,798) Joseph de Maistre, French polemical writer, was born (died 26 February 1821).

====================================================================================

25 March 1754, Monday (-69,805) William Hamilton, Scottish poet, died (born 1704).

24 March 1754, Sunday (-69,806) Joel Barlow, US poet, was born in Redding, Connecticut (died in Poland 14 December 1812).

18 March 1754, Monday (-69,812) Robert Walpole, Britain�s first Prime Minister, died.

11 March 1754, Monday (-69,819) Valdes Melendez, Spanish poet, was born.

6 March 1754, Wednesday (-69,824) Henry Pelham left office as Prime Minister.

16 February 1754, Saturday (-69,842) Richard Mead, English medical writer, died (born 11 August 1673)

15 February 1754, Friday (-69,843) Pierre :Louis Roederer, French politician, was born in Metz (died 17 December 1835)

13 February 1754, Wednesday (-69,845) Guillaume de Bonne-Carriere, French politician, was born in Languedoc (died 1825).

6 February 1754, Wednesday (-69,852) Andrew Fuller, English religious writer, was born (died 7 May 1815).

2 February 1754, Saturday (-69,856) Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, French foreign minister to Louis XVIII and Napoleon Bonaparte, and ambassador to Britain, was born.

28 January 1754, Monday (-69,861) Ludvig Holberg, writer, died in Copenhagen (born in Bergen, Norway 3 December 1684).

20 January 1754, Sunday (-69,869) John Erskine 11th Earl of Mar, English MP, died.

10 January 1754, Thursday (-69,879) Edward Cave, English printer, died (born 27/ February 1691).

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12 December 1753, Wednesday (-69,908) Sir William Beechey, English artist, was born in Burford, Oxfordsh9oire (died 28 January 1839 in London)

10 December 1753, Monday (-69,910) Louis Philippe Segur, French historical writer, was born in Paris (died 27 August 1830)

4 December 1753, Tuesday (-69,916) Sir Charles Douglas, British Admiral, was born (died 2/1789).

3 December 1753, Monday (-69,917) Samuel Crompton, inventor of the Spinning Mule which revolutionised the textiles industry, was born at Firwood, near Bolton.He was the son of a farmer.

30 November 1753, Friday (-69,920) Benjamin Franklin received the Godfrey Copley medal for his �curious experiments and observations on electricity�.

23 November 1753, Friday (-69,927) Guillaume Dumas, French General, was born (died 16 October 1837)

22 November 1753, Thursday (-69,928) Dugald Stewart, Scottish philosopher, was born in Edinburgh (died 11 June 1828 in Edinburgh)

10 November 1753, Saturday (-69,940) Bertrand la Bourdonnais, French naval Commender, died (born 11 February 1699)

6 November 1753, Tuesday (-69,944) Sir George Beaumont, English painter, was born in Great Dunmow, essex (died7 February 1827 in Coleorton, Leicestershire)

18 October 1753, Thursday (-69,963) Jean Cambaceres, French statesman, was born (died 1824).

15 October 1753, Monday (-69,966) Elizabeth Inchbald, English novelist, was born (died 1 August 1821).

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18 September 1753, Tuesday (-69,993) (USA) British colonial governors were instructed to secure the loyalty of the Iriguois people, since war with France seemed inevitable.

10 September 1753, Monday (-70,001) Birth of the architect Sir John Soane. He was born at Goring, near Reading, the son of a mason, and in 1788 he became architect and surveyor to the Bank of England. The new exterior he created for the Bank was regarded as his most famous work. In 1806 he became Professor of Architecture at the Royal Academy; he was knighted in 1831. His home at 13 Lincoln�s Inn Fields, which he designed, was the setting for his art and antiques collection. He lived there alone after his wife died in 1815; it is now the John Soane Museum. He also designed the Dulwich College Picture Gallery in south London.

24 August 1753, Friday (-70,018) Louis la Revelliere-Lepaux, French politician, was born (died 27 March 1824).

10 August 1753, Friday (-70,032) Edmund Jennings Randolph, US statesman, was born in Wiilliamsburg, Virginia (died 12 September 1813 in Virginia)

3 August 1775, Friday (-70,039) Charles 3rd Earl Stanhope, English stetesman, was born (died 15 Dece,mber 1816 in Chevening, Kent)

24 July 1753, Tuesday (-70,049)

20 July 1753, Friday (-70,053) John Christopher Pepusch, musician, died in London (born 1667 in Berlin)

7 July 1753, Saturday (-70,066) British Parliament passed the Jewish Naturalisation Act to end legal discrimination against Jews in Britain. However the measure was widely opposed and was repealed in 1754.

=================================================================================

28 June 1753, Thursday (-70,075) Austrian clarinettist Anton Stadler was born in Bruck an der Leitha.

26 June 1753, Tuesday (-70,077) Antoine de Rivarol, French writer, was born in Languedoc (died 11 April 1801 in Berlin)

17 June 1753, Sunday (-70,086) (Britain) George Grenville, First Marquess of Bath, was born (died 11 February 1813).

4 June 1753, Monday (-70,099) Johann Gabler, German religious writer, was born (died 17 February 1826)

31 May 1753, Thursday (-70,103) Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French Revolutionary, was born in Limoges (executed 31 October 1793)

23 May 1753, Wednesday (-70,111) Giovanni Battista Viotti, Italian composer and violinist, was born in Turin.

12 May 1753, Saturday (-70,122) George Gleig, Scottish religious writer, was born (died 9 March 1840).

8 May 1753, Tuesday (-70,126) Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican patriot, was born (died 1811).

1 May 1753, Tuesday (-70,133) Carl Linnaeus� Species Plantarum was published. This is regarded as the formal starting date of plant taxonomy.

28 April 1753, Saturday (-70,136) (Chemistry) Franz Achard, Prussian chemist (died 20 April 1821 in Silesia) was born in Berlin.

23 April 1753, Monday (-70,141) Francois Bouvet, French Captain, was born (died 21 July 1832).

22 April 1753, Sunday (-70,142) Easter Sunday.

8 April 1753, Sunday (-70,156) Charles Pigault-Lebrun, French novelist, was born in Paris (died 24 July 1835)

5 April 1753, Thursday (-70,159) (London) The Founding Charter of the British Museum was enacted.

4 April 1753, Wednesday (-70,160) The date of the end of the tax year, which had been Lady Day, 25 March, was altered to this date. This was due to the 11 days cropped from the year 1752 as the calendar was altered to the Gregorian Calendar. See 3 September 1752 and 5 April 1800.

3 April 1753, Tuesday (-70,161) Samuel Johnson began the second volume of his dictionary.

2 April 1753, Monday (-70,160)

====================================================================================

27 March 1753, Tuesday (-70,168) (Britain) Andrew Bell, British divine and educationalist, was born in St Andrews (died in Cheltenham 27 January 1832)

26 March 1753, Monday (-70,169) Benjamin Rumford, British statesman, was born in Woburn, Masachusetts (died 21 August 1814 in Auteuil, France)

21 March 1753, Wednesday (-70,174) (Geology) Franz Bruckmann, German geologist, died (born 27 September 1767). He was the first to use the terms oolite and oolitic for rocks that resembled the roe of a fish in graininess.

12 March 1753, Monday (-70,183) Jean Lanjuinais, French writer, was born (died 13 January 1827).

9 March 1753, Friday (-70,186) Jean Kleber, French General, was born (died 14 June 1800).

8 March 1753, Thursday (-70,187) William Roscoe, English writer, was born in Liverpool (died 30 June 1831)

20 February 1753, Tuesday (-70,203) Louis Berthier, French politician, was born in Versailles (died in Bamberg 1 June 1815).

7 February 1753, Wednesday (-70,216) (France) Nicolas Bassville, French politician, was born in Abbeville (died 13 January 1793).

6 February 1753, Tuesday (-70,217) Evariste Desire de Forges, Vicomte de Parny, was born (died 1814)

23 January 1753, Tuesday (-70,231) Anne Louise Maine, French noblewoman, died.

14 January 1753, Sunday (-70,240) George Berkeley, scholarly writer, died (born 12 March 1685).

11 January 1753, Thursday (-70,243) Death at age 93 of the collector Sir Hans Sloane. Born in County Down, Ireland in 1660, Sloane studied in London and France before finally settling in London as a physician. He was famous for his collection of plants, antiquities, cons, and some 50,000 books and 3,650 manuscripts that were to form the nucleus of the British Museum collection after his death. In Jamaica in 1685-6 he had collected a herbarium of 800 species. The Birmingham chocolate manufacturers, the Cadbury family, owe Sloane a debt forwhile in Jamaica he came across a cocoa drink favoured by the locals which Sloane found nauseous. However if mixed with milk it became more palatable. He brought this back to England where it was used by the Cadbury family.

2 Jaanuary 1752, Tuesday (-70,252)

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31 December 1752, Sunday (-70,254)

26 December 1752, Tuesday (-70,259)

26 November 1752, Sunday (-70,289)

20 November 1752, Monday (-70,295) Thomas Chatterton, English poet, was born (died 24 August 1770).

19 November 1752, Sunday (-70,296) (USA) George Clarke, US frontiersman, was born (died 13 February 1818)

10 November 1752, Friday (-70,305)

6 November 1752, Monday (-70,309) (Britain) Ralph Erskine, Scottish divine, died (born 18 March 1685).

5 November 1752, Sunday (-70,310) Carl Duker, German scholarly writer, died (born 1670).

16 October 1752, Friday (-70,330) Johann Eichhorn, German religious writer, was born (died 27 June 1827).

2 October 1752, Friday (-70,344) Joseph Ritson, English writer, was born in Stockton on Tees (died 23 September 1803)

===================================================================================

20 September 1752, Wednesday (-70,356) (France) Louise Caroline, Countess of Albany, was born in Mons.

3 September 1752=14 September 1752. Thursday (-70,362) The date (in Britain) changed this day to 14 September 1752 with the introduction of the Gregorian Calendar. See 5 April 1753. See also 5 October 1582, start of Gregorian calendar. Crowds of people protested, believing their lives had been �shortened� by 11 days (days 3-13 September 1752 inclusive did not exist).The old Julian Calendar had a leap year every 4th year, and therefore was 365.25 days long.However the calendar had now got out of step with the real year.The new calendar omitted leap years every century, unless the year was divisible by 400.

See also 44 BCE, start of Julian Calendar.

25 August 1752, Tuesday (-70,371) Karl Mack von Leiberich, Austrian soldier, was born (died 22 October 1828)

22 August 1752, Saturday (-70,374) Jacopo Amigoni, Italian painter, died in Madrid.

18 August 1752, Tuesday (-70,378) Gaetano Filangiero, Italian writer, was born (died 21 July 1788).

31 July 1752, Friday (-70,396) The oldest zoo in Europe opened, at the Schonbrunn Pallace in Vienna.

7 July 1752, Tuesday (-70,420) Joseph Jacquard, French inventor of an improved loom, was born (died 7 August 1834).

5 July 1752, Sunday (-70,422) Luke Hansard, British printer, was born (died 29 October 1828).

3 July 1752, Friday (-70,424) Heinrich Henke, German religious writer, was born (died 2 May 1809).

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16 June 1752, Tuesday (-70,441) (Italy) Giulio Alberoni, Italian statesman, died (born 31 May 1664 near Piacenza)

14 June 1752, Sunday (-70,443) Charles Antoine Coypel, French painter, died in Paris (born 11 July 1694 in Paris)

13 June 1752, Saturday (-70,444) Frances D�Arblay, English novelist, was born (died 6 January 1840)

12 June 1752, Friday (-70,445)

11 June 1752, Thursday (-70,446) Christian Haugwitz, German syatesman, was born (died 1831).

10 June 1752, Wednesday (-70,447) Benjamin Franklin tested the lightning conductor with his kite-flying experiment.

5 June 1752, Friday (-70,452) George Burder, English Christian writer, was born (died 29 May 1832).

23 May 1752, Saturday (-70,465) William Bradford, printer, died in New York, USA (born in Leicestershire, UK 20 May 1663).

22 May 1752, Friday (-70,466) Louis Legendre, French Revolutionist, was born (died 13 December 1797).

14 May 1752, Thursday (-70,474) Timothy Dwight, US religious writer, was born (died 11 January 1817).

11 May 1752, Monday (-70,477) (Biology) Johann Blumenbach, German physiologist, was born in Gotha (died in Gottingen 22 January 1840).

10 April 1752, Friday (-70,508) (Medical) William Cheselden, English surgeon, died (born 19 October 1688).

5 April 1752, Sunday (-70,513) Sebastien Erard, musical instrument maker, was born (died 5 August 1831).

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29 March 1752, Sunday (-70,520) Easter Sunday.

24 March 1752, Tuesday (-70,525) Antoine Gorsas, French writer, was born (guillotined 7 October 1793).

23 March 1752, Monday (-70,526) Canada�s first newspaper, the Halifax Gazette, went on sale.

16 March 1752, Monday (-70,533) Antoine Joseph Santerre, French Revolutionist, was born in Paris (died 6 February 1809 in Paris)

25 February 1752, Tuesday (-70,553) John Graves Simcoe, first Lieutenant-General of Canada, was born in Northumberland, England (died 26 October 1806 in Exeter)

17 February 1752, Monday (-70,561) Friedrich Klinger, German novelist, was born (died 25 February 1831).

11 February 1752, Tuesday (-70,567) The first hospital in the present day USA opened, the Pennsylvania.Hospital, New York.

9 February 1752, Sunday (-70,569) Frederik Hasselquist, Swedish writer, died (3 January 1722).

4 February 1752, Tuesday (-70,574) Louis Duke of Orleans died (born 4 August 1703)

2 February 1753, Sunday (-70,576) Carlo Fea, Italian archaeological writer, was born (died 18 March 1836).

31 January 1752, Friday (-70,578) Gouverneur Morris, US statesman, was born (died 6 November 1816)

24 January 1752, Friday (-70,585) Jean Francois de Troy, French painter, died (born 1679 in Paris)

23 January 1752, Thursday (-70,586) English composer Muzio Clementi was born in Rome.

16 January 1752, Thursday (-70,593) Francis Blomefield, English historian, died in London (born in Fersfield, Norfolk 23 July 1705).

3 January 1752, Friday (-70,606) Johannes Muller, Swiss historical writer, was born (died 29 May 1809).

1 January 1752, Wednesday (-70,608) Officially the first �new year� to fall on 1st January; previously the new year had begun on 25th March.

====================================================================================

26 December 1751, Thursday (-70,614) George Gordon, English naval lieutenant, was born (died 1 November 1793).

16 December 1751, Monday (-70,624) (USA) George Cabot, US politician, was born (died18 April 1823).

12 December 1751, Thursday (-70,628) Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke, Tory politician and Jacobite supporter, died in Battersea, London.

1 December 1751, Sunday (-70,639) Johan Kellgren, Swedish poet, was born (died 20 April 1795).

15 November 1751, Friday (-70,655) Gottlieb Jakob Planck, German religious writer, was born in Wurttemberg (died 31 August 1833)

14 November 1751, Thursday (-70,656) Capel Lofft, English writer, was born (died 26 May 1824).

11 November 1751, Monday (-70,659) Julien Lamettrie, French scholarly writer, died (born 25 December 1709)

5 November 1751, Tuesday (-70,665) British forces defeated the French in the battle for control of southern India at Arcot.

1 November 1751, Friday (-70,669) Sir Herbert Croft, English author, was born (died 26 April 1816).

30 October 1751, Wednesday (-70,671) The dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan was born in Dublin.He was the son of a teacher of elocution.

26 October 1751, Saturday (-70,675) Philip Doddridge, English religious writer, died (born 26 June 1702).

22 October 1751, Tuesday (-70,679) The Dutch Stadtholder, William IV, died aged 40. He was succeeded by his 3-year old son William V.

19 October 1751, Saturday (-70,682) Charles Kilmaine, French general, was born (died 15 December 1799).

9 October 1751, Wednesday (-70,692) Pierre lacretelle, French writer, was born.

8 October 1751, Tuesday (-70,693) John Shore 1st Baron Teignmouth, British colonial Governor General of India, was born (died 14 February 1834)

2 October 1751, Wednesday (-70,699) Thomas Mathews, English Admiral, died.

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31 August 1751, Saturday (-70,731) Robert Clive (Clive of India) achieved hos first military success there when he defeated French Governor-General Joseph, Marquis de Dupleix,, and took the town of Arcot, Karnatka, in southern India.

=====================================================================================

30 July 1751, Tuesday (-70,763) Austrian pianist Maria Anna �Nannerl� Mozart, sister of Wolfgang Amadeus, was born in Salzburg.

29 July 1751, Monday (-70,764) Benjamin Robins, scientific writer, died (born 1707 in Bath)

4 July 1751, Thursday (-70,789) Antoine Ferrand, French political writer, was born (died 17 January 1825).

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4 June 1751, Tuesday (-70,819) (Britain) John Eldon, Lord High Chancellor of England, was born (died 13 January 1838).

2 June 1751, Sunday (-70,821) (Britain) John Bampton, English scholar, died aged 61.

25 May 1751, Saturday (-70,829) Nathaniel Halhed, English orientalist writer, was born (died 18 February 1830).

11 May 1751, Saturday (-70,843) Pennsylvania Hospital was founded in Philadelphia, by Benjamin Franklin and Dr Thomas Bond.

7 May 1751, Tuesday (-70,847) Girolamo Lucchesini, Prussian diplomat, was born (died 20 October 1825).

7 April 1751, Sunday (-70,877) Easter Sunday

2 April 1751, Tuesday (-70,882) John Smibert, portrait painter, died in Boston, Massachusetts (born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 24 March 1688)

====================================================================================

29 March 1751, Friday (-70,886) (Medical) Thomas Coram, English philanthropist who established the Foundling Hospital in Hatton Garden , London (17 October 1740) died (born 1668).

16 March 1751, Saturday (-70,899) James Madison, American Republican and 4th President, was born in Port Conway, Virginia, the first of 12 children.

8 March 1751, Friday (-70,907) Earthquake in Echigo, Japan, 1,700 killed.

5 March 1751, Tuesday (-70,910) (Prisons) Trophime Lally-Tollendal, French prison reformer, was born (died 11 March 1830).

3 March 1751, Sunday (-70,912) Pierre Prevost, Swiss scholarly writer, was born in Geneva (died 8 April 1839 in Geneva)

20 February 1751, Wednesday (-70,923) Johann Heinrich Voss, German poet, was born in Sommersdorf (died 29 march 1826)

11 February 1751, Monday (-70,932) Richard Payne Knight, English art expert, was born in Herefordshire (died 23 April 1824 in :London)

9 February 1751, Saturday (-70,934) Henri Aguesseau, Chancellor of France (born 27 November 1668) died.

23 January 1751, Wednesday (-70,951) Muzio Clementi, pianist and composer, was born in Rome.

17 January 1751, Thursday (-70,957) Tommaso Albinoni, Italian cpomposer,died in Venice (born 8 June 1671 in Venice)

12 January 1751, Saturday (-70,962) Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, was born (died 4 January 1825).

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12 December 1750, Wednesday (-70,993) Lady Anne Barnard, writer, was born in Fife (died in London 6 May 1825)

11 December 1750, Tuesday (-70,994) Isaac Shelby, US soldier, was born in Maryland (died 18 July 1826 in Kenticky)

6 December 1750, Thursday (-70,999) Pierre Henri de Valenciennes, French landscape painter, was born in Toulouse (died 16 February 1819 in Paris)

4 December 1750, Tuesday (-71,001) Henri Gregoire, French Revolutionary was born (died 20 May 1831).

30 November 1750, Friday (-71,005) Maurice, Comte de Saxe, French Field Marshal who was victorious against the Austrians during the Austrian War of scuccession, died in Chambord.

23 November 1750, Friday (-71,012) Italian composer Guiseppe Sammartini died in London.

16 November 1750, Friday (-71,019) Westminster Bridge, London, opened. It replaced the old ferry which operated here until this time.

7 November 1750, Wednesday (-71,028) Friedrich Leopold Stolberg, german poet, was born in Holstein (died 5 December 1819 near Osnabruck)

26 October 1750, Friday (-71,040) Abraham Benard, French actor, was born (died 3 March 1822).

23 October 1750, Tuesday (-71,043) Thomas Pinckney, US statesman, was born in Charleston, South Carolina (died 2 November1828 in Charleston, South Carolina)

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26 September 1750, Wednesday (-71,070) (Britain) Lord Collingwood, British naval officer, Nelson�s second in command at Trafalgar, was born in Newcastle on Tyne.

25 September 1750, Tuesday (-71,071) (Geology) German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner was born in Wehrau. He pioneered a method of classifying minerals by their physical characteristics such as colour, hardness, transparency, lustre, and shape.

18 September 1750, Tuesday (-71,078) Tomas de Iriarte, Spanish poet, was born (died 17 September 1791).

15 September 1750, Saturday (-71,081) Charles Pachelbel, composer, died.

5 September 1750, Wednesday (-71,091) Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet, was born (died 16 October 1774).

4 September 1750, Tuesday (-71,092) Jose de Canizares, Spanish dramatist, died (born 4.7.1676).

23 August 1750, Thursday (-71,104) (Earthquakes, Britain) An earth tremor was felt in Spalding. On 2 March 1750 an earth tremor had been felt in London, and on 2 April 1750 another tremor was felt in Warrington.

19 August 1750, Sunday (-71,108) Antonio Salieri, Italian composer, was born in Legnano (died 7 May 1825 in Vienna)

14 August 1750, Tuesday (-71,113) Charles Butler, English legal writer, was born (died 2 June 1832)

12 August 1750, Sunday (-71,115) Rachel Ruysch, Dutch still life painter, died in Amsterdam (born 1664 in Amsterdam)

31 July 1750, Tuesday (-71,127) (Portugal) Joao V of Portugal died aged 61, after reigning for 44 years. He was succeeded by his son, 35, Jose Manuel.

28 July 1750, Saturday (-71,130) Composer Johann Sebastian Bach died, almost blind, of apoplexy. He was born on 21 March 1685 in Eisenach, Germany. He fathered 20 children, and also composed 300 cantatas, two oratorios, the St John and St Matthew Passions, and Mass in B Minor.

25 July 1750, Wednesday (-71,133) Henry Knox, US General, was born (died 25 October 1806).

24 July 1750, Tuesday (-71,134) John Curran, Irish politician, was born (died 14 October 1817).

2 July 1750, Monday (-71,156) Francois Huber, naturalist, was born (died 1831).

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24 June 1750, Sunday (-71,164) Deodat Dolomieu, French geologist, was born (died 26 November 1801)

21 June 1750, Thursday (-71,167) Thomas Spence, land economics writer, was born in Newcastle on Tyne (died 8 September 1814 in London)

18 June 1750, Monday (-71,170) Johann Jahn, German orientalist writer, was born (died 16 August 1816)

15 June 1750, Friday (-71,173) Marguerite Staal, French author, died in Gennevilliers (born 30 August 1684 in Paris

31 May 1750, Thursday (-71,188) Karl Hardenberg, Prussian statesman, was born (died 26 November 1822).

20 May 1750, Sunday (-71,199) Stephen Girard, US financier and philanthropist, was born (died 26 December 1831).

27 April 1750, Friday (-71,222) Sir Thomas Bernard, English social reformer, was born in Lincoln (died 1 July 1818).

26 April 1750, Thursday (-71,223) Thomas Belsham, English ecclesiastical writer, was born in Bedford (died 1829)

24 April 1750, Tuesday (-71,225) John Trumbull, US poet, was born in Connecticut (died 10 may 1831 in Detroit, Michigan)

17 April 1750, Tuesday (-71,232) Nicolas Francois, French poet, was born (died 10 January 1828).

15 April 1750, Sunday (-71,234) Easter Sunday.

1 April 1750, Sunday (-71,248)

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30 March 1750, Friday (-71,250)

20 March 1750, Tuesday (-71,260) Martin van Marum, Dutch physicist, was born (died 26 December 1837).

16 March 1750, Friday (-71,264) Caroline Herschel, English astronomer, was born (died 9 January 1848)

7 March 1750, Wednesday (-71,273) Cornelis Troost, Dutch painter, died in Amsterdam (brn 8 October 1696 in Amsterdam)

1 March 1750, Thursday (-71,279)

24 February 1750, Saturday (-71,284) Theophilus Parsons, US jurist, was born in Byfield, Massachusetts (died 30 October 1813 in Boston)

18 February 1750, Sunday (-71,290) Georg Bilfinger, German statesman, died in Stuttgart (was born in Wurttemberg 23 January 1693).

14 February 1750, Wednesday (-71,294) Rene Desfontaines, French botanist, was born (died 16 November 1833).

8 February 1750, Thursday (-71,300) Aaron Hill,English author, died (born 10 February 1685).

28 January 1750, Sunday (-71,311) Mederic Moreau, French politician, was born.

23 January 1750, Tuesday (-71,316) Ludovico Muratori, Italian scholatrly writer, died (born 21 October 1672)

18 January 1750, Thursday (-71,321) Johann Gottlob Schneider, Gewrman scholarly writer, was born in Saxony (died 12 January 1822 in Breslau)

17 January 1750, Wednesday (-71,322) Italian composer Tomaso Albinoni died in Venice.

10 January 1750, Wednesday (-71,329) Thomas Erskine, Lord Chancellor of England, was born (died 17 November 1823).

7 January 1750, Sunday (-71,332) Robert Anderson, Scottish writer, was born in Carnwath, Lanarkshire (died 20 February 1830 in Edinburgh).

3 January 1750, Wednesday (-71,336) (Britain) Lady Harriet (Christian Acland) was born (died 31 July 1815).

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17 December 1749, Sunday (-71,353) Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer, was born (died 11 January 1801)

4 December 1749, Monday (-71,366) Claudine Tencin, French author, died (born 1681 in Grenoble)

23 November 1749, Thursday (-71,377) Edward Rutledge, Governor of South Carlonia, was born in Charleston (died 23 January 1800 in Charleston).

4 Otober 1749, Wednesday (-71,427) Franz Trenck, Austrian soldier, died (born 1 ujanuary 1711)

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30 September 1749, Saturday (-71,431) Joseph Jerome Simeon, French politician, was born in Aix (died 19 january 1842 in Paris)

19 September 1749, Tuesday (-71,442) Jean Delambre, French astronomer, was born (died 19 August 1822).

11 September 1749, Monday (-71,450) Johan Georg Justus Perthes, German book publisher, was born (died 2May 1816)

10 September 1749, Sunday (-71,451) Emilie du Chatelet, physicist, died.

8 September 1749, Friday (-71,453) Marie Lamballe, French Royal Family, was born

29 August 1749, Tuesday (-71,463) (Medical) Physician Sir Gilbert Blane was born in Blanefield, Scotland. In 1795 he got the Royal Navy to make consumption of lime juice by sailors compulsory to prevent scurvy. This earned British sailors the nickname �limeys�.

28 August 1749, Monday (-71.464) Johann Goethe, German poet and novelist, author of Faust, was born in Frankfurt Am Main, son of a lawyer.

10 August 1749, Thursday (-71,482) John Edwin, English actor, was born (died 31 October 1790)

26 July 1749, Wednesday (-71,497) John �Warwick� Smith, English painter, was born in Cumberland (died 22 march 1831 in London)

9 July 1749, Sunday (-71,514) The British founded the naval settlement of Halifax, Nova Scotia, as an answer to the French base of Louisburg.

4 July 1749, Tuesday (-71,519) Joseph van Aken, painter, died in London

21 June 1749, Wednesday (-71,532) Edward Cornwallis founded Halifax, Nova Scotia.

18 June 1749, Sunday (-71,535) Ambrose Philips, English poet, died in London.

15 June 1749, Thursday (-71,538) Georg Joseph Vogler, German composer and organist, was born in Wurzburg (died 6 May 1814 in Darmstadt)

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28 May 1749, Sunday (-71,556) Pierre Subleyras, French painter, died in Rome (born in Uzes, Gard, 1699)

19 May 1749, Friday (-71,565) King George II of Britain granted the Ohio Company a charter of land on the Ohio River.

17 May 1749, Wednesday (-71,567) Edward Jenner, pioneer of vaccination, was born at Berkeley vicarage, Gloucestershire.

13 May 1749, Saturday (-71,571) The Burgtheater opened in Vienna.

4 May 1749, Thursday (-71,580) Charlotte Smith, English novelist and poet, was born in London (died in Tilford, Surrey, 28 October 1806)

27 April 1749, Thursday (-71,587) First performance of Handel�s Music for the Roya;l Fireworks.

9 April 1749, Sunday (-71,605) Camillo Frederici, Italian dramatist, was born (died 23 December 1802).

2 April 1749, Sunday (-71,612) David Ramsay, US historical writer, was born in Pennsylvania (died 8 May 1815 in Charleston)

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30 March 1749, Thursday (-71,615) (Electrical) Tiberius Cavallo, electrical scientist, was born (died 21 December 1809).

28 March 1749, Tuesday (-71,617) Pierre Laplace, French astronomer, was born (died 5 March 1827)

26 March 1749, Sunday (-71,619) Easter Sunday.

18 March 1749, Saturday (-71,627) Sir Matthew Decker, economics writer, died (born 1679).

12 March 1749, Sunday (-71,633) Allesandro Magnasco, painter, died aged 81 in Genoa.

10 March 1749, Friday (-71,635) Italian singer Lorenzo da Pomte was born near Venice.

9 March 1749, Thursday (-71,636) Honore Mirabeau, French statesman, was born (died 2 April 1791).

8 March 1749, Wednesday (-71,637) Nicolas Freret, French scholarly writer, died (born 15 February 1688)

25 February 1749, Saturday (-71,648) Andre Jeanbon Saint Andre, French Revolutionist, was born in Montauban (died 10 December 1813 in Madrid)

22 February 1749, Wednesday (-71,651) Johann Forkel, German musician, was born (died 20 March 1818).

16 February 1749, Thursday (-71,657) Johann Heinse, German author, was born (died 22 June 1803).

8 February 1749, Wednesday (-71,665) Joris Huysmans, French novelist, died (born 5 February 1848)

1 February 1749, Wednesday (-71,672) Peter Monamy, English marine painter, died in London 9born 12 january 1681 in London)

29 January 1749, Sunday (-71,675) William Sharp, English line engraver, was born in London (died 25 July 1824 in Chiswick)

24 January 1749, Tuesday (-71,680) Charles Fox, British statesman was born (died 13 June 1806)

19 January 1749, Thursday (-71,685) Isaiah Thomas, US book publisher, was born in Boston, Massachusetts (died 4 April 1831)

17 January 1749, Tuesday (-71,687) Vittorio Alfieri, Italian dramatist (died 8 October 1803) was born in Asti, Piedmont.

13 January 1749, Friday (-71,691) Friedrich Muller, German poet, was born (died 23 April 1825).

4 January 1749,Wednesday (-71,700) Charles James Fox, British statesman, was born.

3 January 1749, Tuesday (-71,701) Benning Wentworth issued the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the founding of the State of Vermont.

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21 December 1748, Wednesday (-71,714) Ludwig Holty, german poet, was born (died 1 September 1776).

9 December 1748, Friday (-71,726) Claude Berthollet, French chemist, was born in Talloire, Savoy (died in Arcueil 6 November 1822).

25 November 1748, Friday (-71,740) English poet Isaac Watts died in London.

11 November 1748, Friday (-71,754) Charles IV of Spain was born (died 20 January 1819).

19 October 1748, Wednesday (-71,777) Thomas Lynedoch, British General, was born (died 18 December 1843).

18 October 1748, Tuesday (-71,778) Peace treaty (Treaty of Aix La Chapelle) signed to end the war of the Austrian Succession.

13 October 1748, Thursday (-71,783) Johann Fiorillo, German painter, was born (died 10 September 1821)

7 October 1748, Friday (-71,789) Charles XIII, King of Sweden, was born (died 5 February 1818).

1 October 1746, Saturday (-71,795) John Muhlenberg, US soldier, was born.

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21 September 1748, Wednesday (-71,805) John Balguy, English writer, died in Harrogate (born in Sheffield 12 August 1686).

6 September 1748, Tuesday (-71,820) Edmund Gibson, English legal writer, died (born 1669).

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30 August 1748, Tuesday (-71,827) Jacques David, French painter, was born (died 29 December 1825).

27 August 1748, Saturday (-71,830) James Thomson, Scottish poet, died in Richmond, Surrey.

21 August 1748, Sunday (-71,836)

18 August 1748, Thursday (-71,839) John Freeman-Mitford, Baron Redesdale, English politician, was born in London (died 16 January 1830)

10 August 1748, Wednesday (-71,847) German musical publisher Berhard Schott was born in Eltville.

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20 July 1748, Wednesday (-71,868)

==================================================================================

30 June 1748, Thursday (-71,888) (Cartography) Jacques Cassini was born (died 18/101845). He completed his father�s map of France (published 1793), despite difficulties caused by the French Revolution.

22 June 1748, Wednesday (-71,896) Thomas Day, British author, was born (died 28 September 1789).

7 June 1748, Tuesday (-71,911)

12 May 1748, Thursday (-71,937) Thomas Lowndes, English politician, died.

7 May 1748, Saturday (-71,942) French forces captured Maastricht, in the War of the Austrian Succession.

3 May 1748, Tuesday (-71,946) Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes, French politician, was born in Frejus (died 20 June 1836 in Paris)

27 April 1748, Wednesday (-71,952) Pierre Ginguene, French writer, was born (died 11 November 1815).

24 April 1748, Sunday (-71,955) A congress assembled at Aachen (Aix la Chapelle) with a view to ending the war of the Austrian Succession, see 18 October 1748).

13 April 1748, Wednesday (-71,966) Joseph Bramah, inventor, was born.

12 April 1748, Tuesday (-71,967) Antoine de Jussieu, naturalist, was born (died 17 September 1836).

10 April 1748, Sunday (-71,969) Easter Sunday.

3 April 1748, Sunday (-71,976) Jean Burlamaqui, Swiss writer died (born 24 June 1694).

1 April 1748, Friday (-71,978) Ruins of Pompeii discovered by Spaniard, Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre. Excavations on the site of Pompeii began.

===================================================================================

28 March 1748, Monday (-71,982) A fire in the City of London caused over �1 million damage.

19 March 1748, Saturday (-71,991) Elias Hicks, US religious writer, was born (died 27 February 1830)

14 March 1748, Monday (-71,996) George Wade, British Field Marshal, died (born 1673)

11 March 1748, Friday (-71,999) Christian Reventlow, Danish statesman, was born (died 11 Ocxtober 1827)

10 March 1748, Thursday (-72,000) John Playfair, Scottish mathematician, was born in Benvie, Forfarshire (died 20 July 1819 in Edinburgh)

7 March 1748, Monday (-72,003) Pietro Giannone, Italian historical writer, died (born 7 May 1676).

5 March 1748, Saturday (-72,005) William Shield, British composer, was born in Swalwell, County Durham (died 25 January 1829 in London)

28 February 1748, Sunday (-72,011) Sir John Duckworth, British Admiral, was born (died 14 April 1817).

19 February 1748, Friday (-72,020) Luther Martin, US lawyer, was born (died 10 July 1826)

18 February 1748, Thursday (-72,021) Otto Ferdinand Traun, Austrian Field Marshal, died in Hermannstadt (born 21 August 1677 in Oldenburg)

15 February 1748, Monday (-72,024) Jeremy Bentham was born. He developed the philosophical doctrine of Utilitarianism.

16 January 1748, Saturday (-72,054) Arnold Drakenborgh, Dutch scholarly writer, died (born 1 January 1684).

1 January 1748, Friday (-72,069) (Science) Jean Bernoulli, physicist, died (born in Basel 27 July 1667).

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26 December 1747, Saturday (-72,075) Esteban Arteaga, Spanish musicologist, was born in Moraleja, Segovia (died 1799 in Paris)

11 December 1747, Friday (-72,090) Edmund Curll, English bookseller, died (born 1675).

10 December 1747, Thursday (-72,091) Duncan Forbes, Scottish statesman, died (born 10 November 1685)

24 November 1747, Tuesday (-72,107) Felice Alessandri, Italian composer, was born in Rome (died 15 August 1798 in Casalbino)

22 November 1747, Sunday (-72,109) Prince William IV of Orange became Stadtholder of all the United Provinces (Holland).

21 November 1747, Saturday (-72,110) Joseph Farnington, English landscape painter, was born in Leigh, Lancashire (died 30 Decemmber 1821 in Didsbury, Manchester)

17 November 1747, Tuesday (-72,114) Alain le Sage, French novelist and dramatist, died (born 13 December 1668).

25 October 1747, Sunday (-72,137) The Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, in the War of the Austrian Succession.

19 October 1747, Monday (-72,143) (Christian) David Brainerd, US missionary to the Indians, died in Northampton, Massachusetts (born in Haddam, Connecticut 20 April 1718)

15 October 1747, Thursday (-72,147) Alexander Fraser Tytler, Scottish Judge, was born in Edinbiurgh (died 5 January 1813 in Edinburgh)

8 October 1747, Thursday (-72,154) Jean Francois Rewbell, French politician, was born in Colmar (died 23 November 1807 in Colmar)

1 October 1747, Thursday (-72,161)

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28 September 1746, Monday (-72,164) Sir William Jones, English orientalist writer, was born (died 27 April 1794).

9 September 1747, Wednesday (-72,183) Johann Mosheim, German religious writer, died.

1 August 1747, Saturday (-72,222) After the Jacobite Rebellion, the British Parliament banned the wearing of tartan, on pain of prison, to suppress the cultural identity of the Highlands.

19 July 1747, Sunday (-72,235) The battle of Assietta. The troops of Charles Emmanuel III of Piedmont halted the advance on Turin by a Franco-Spanish force, during the War of the Austrian Succession.

9 July 1747, Thursday (-72,245) Giovanni Bononcini, composer, died.

6 July 1747, Monday (-72,248) John Jones, US navalofficer, was born (died 18 July 1792).

2 July 1747, Thursday (-72,252) Battle of Lauffeld, Germany, War of the Austrian Succession. The French under Marshal Saxe defeated an allied Austrian and British army under Cumberland.

====================================================================================

16 June 1747, Tuesday (-72,268) The Battle of Piacenza.

10 June 1747, Wednesday (-72,274) (India) Nadir Shah was assassinated by a bodyguard.

28 May 1747, Thursday (-72,287) Francois Laumont, mineralogist, was born (died 1 June 1834).

20 May 1747, Wednesday (-72,295) (Medical) British naval surgeon James Lind began an investigation to determine the cause of scurvy. He discovered that oranges and lemons were a good cure.

14 May 1747, Thursday (-72,301) The First Battle of Cape Finisterre, in the War of the Austrian Succession.

5 May 1747, Tuesday (-72,310) Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II was born.

14 April 1747, Tuesday (-72,331) Jean Frederic Ostervald, Swiss religious writer, died (born 25 November 1663 in Neuchatel)

13 April 1747, Monday (-72,332) Louis Philippe, Duke of Or;eans was born (guillotined 6 November 1793)

9 April 1747, Thursday (-72,336) Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was executed by beheading at the Tower of London for High Treason.He was the last person to be executed this way in Britain.Only persons of high rank were beheaded; lesser persons were hanged. After this date, all were hanged. Hanging, drawing, and quartering for treason was not abolished until 1870.

3 April 1747, Friday (-72,342) Francesco Solimena, Italian painter, died near Naples (born 4 October 1657 near Naples)

2 April 1747, Thursday(-72,343) Johann Dillen, English botanist, died (born 1684).

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23 March 1747, Monday (-72,353) (France) Claude Bonneval, French adventurer, died in Constantinople (born 14 July 1675).

14 March 1747, Saturday (-72,362) Aleksander Bezborodko, Grand Chancellor of Russia, was born in Gluchova (died in St Petersburg 6 April 1799).

7 March 1747, Saturday (-72,369) William Coxe, English historical writer, was born (died 8 June 1828).

22 February 1747, Sunday (-72,382) Timothy Dexter, US merchant, was born (died 26 October 1806).

11 February 1747, Wednesday (-72,393) A combined force of French and American Indians under Captain Coulon de Villiers attacked the British at Grand Pre, Nova Scotia.

31 January 1747, Saturday (-72,404) The first venereal disease clinic opened at London Lock Hospital.

26 January 1747, Monday (-72,409) Samuel Parr, scholarly writer, was born in Harrow, Middlesex (died 6 March 1825)

19 January 1747, Monday (-72,416) Johann Bode, German astronomer, was born in Hamburg (died in Berlin 23 November 1826).

18 January 1747, Sunday (-72,417) John Gillies, Scottish historical writer, was born (died 15 February 1836)

16 January 1747, Friday (-72,419) Barthold Brockes, German poet, died (born 22 September 1680).

11 January 1747, Sunday (-72,424) Francois la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, French statesman, was born (died 27 March 1827).

4 January 1747, Sunday (-72,431) Dominique Denon, French artist, was born (died 27 April 1825).

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31 December 1746, Wednesday (-72,435)

19 December 1746, Friday (-72,447) Italian castrato singer Venanzio Rauzzini was born in Camerino.

27 November 1746, Thursday (-72,469) Robert Livingston, US statesman, was born (died 26 February 1813).

15 November 1746, Saturday (-72,481) Jean Dugazon, French actor, was born (died 1809).

12 November 1746, Wednesday (-72,484) Jacques Charles, mathematician, was born (died 7 April 1823).

1 November 1746, Saturday (-72,495) Henry Erskine, Lord Advocate of Scotland, was born (died 8 October 1817).

28 October 1746, Tuesday (-72,499) An earthquake destroyed the towns of Lima and Callao in Peru.

22 October 1746, Wednesday (-72,505) College of New Jersey was founded.It later became Princeton University, in 1896.

14 October 1746, Tuesday (-72,513) Domenico Alberti, Italian composer, died in Rome.

7 October 1746, Tuesday (-72,520) William Billings, US composer, was born in Boston (died 26 September 1800)

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29 September 1746, Monday (-72,528) Ernst Gerber, German musical writer, was born (died 30 June 1819).

28 September 1746, Sunday (-72,529) William Jones, writer on the Orient, was born in London.

20 September 1746, Saturday (-72,537) Prince Charles Edward escaped capture by dressing as a girl and sailing to France on the ship L�Heureux.

15 September 1746, Monday (-72,542) Pierre Desforges, French dramatist, was born (died 13 August 1806).

3 September 1746, Wednesday (-72,554) Friedrich Gotter, German poet, was born (died 18 March 1797).

19 August 1746, Tuesday (-72,569) (France) Marie du Barry, mistress of King Louis XV, was born (executed 7 December 1793).

18 August 1746, Monday (-72,570) Two rebellious Scottish Jacobite Lords, the earl of Kilmarnock and Lord Balmeniro, were beheaded at the Tower of London.

1 August 1746, Friday (-72,587) England passed the Dress Act, banning the wearing of Scottish Highland Dress, including the kilt, from 1 August 1747.This was an attempt to suppress Scottish Highland culture.

30 July 1746, Wednesday (-72,589) Francesco Trevisano, Italian painter, died in Rome (born 9 April 1656 near Trieste)

25 July 1746, Friday (-72,594) The French won a major naval victory at Negapatam, allowing them to capture Madras.

16 July 1746, Wednesday (-72,603) Guiseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer, was born (died 22 July 1826 in Naples).

9 July 1746, Wednesday (-72,610) Philip V, King of Spain, died, insane, aged 62. He reigned for 46 years. He was succeeded by his son, Ferdinand VI.

3 July 1746, Thursday (-72,616) Henry Grattan, Irish statesman, was born (died 6 June 1820).

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26 June 1746, Thursday (-72,623) Jean Maury, writer and Archbishop of Paris, was born.

14 June 1746, Saturday (-72,635) Colin MacLaurin, Scottish mathematician, died.

21 May 1746, Wednesday (-72,659) Mary Cork, daughter of 1st Viscount Galway, was born (died 30 May 1840).

10 May 1746, Saturday (-72,670) Gaspard Monge, inventor of descriptive geometry, was born (died 28 July 1818)

2 May 1746, Friday (-72,678) Thomas Southerne, English dramatist, died (born near Dublin 1660)

21 April 1746, Monday (-72,689) James Malmesbury, English statesman, was born (died 21 November 1820).

16 April 1746, Wednesday (-72,694) Bonnie Prince Charlie and his 5,000 Jacobite soldiers were decisively defeated at Culloden, near Inverness, by the Duke of Cumberland and an army of 9,000 regulars. Fought on flat ground, the battle gave the advantage to Cumberland�s latest artillery. This ended the Jacobite Rebellion and the hopes of the Stuart dynasty of any return to power in Britain. On 27 June 1746 Charles escaped over the sea to Skye, disguised as the Irish maid Betty Burke, with Flora MacDonald.In Scotland, the Highlanders were disarmed and forbidden to wear their tartan kilts. The hereditary jurisdiction of the Highland Chiefs over their clans was abolished. This was the last battle fought in Britain.

6 April 1746, Sunday (-72,704) Christian VI of Denmark died aged 47. He was succeeded by his son, 23, Frederick V.

1 April 1746, Tuesday (-72,709) Jean Etienne Marie Portalis, French jurist, was born in Bausset, Provence (died 25 August 1807 in Paris)

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30 March 1746,Sunday (-72,711) Easter Sunday. Francisco de Goya, Spanish painter, was born in Fuendetodos, near Saragosa, son of a master gilder.

27 March 1746, Thursday (-72,714) Michael Bruce, Scottish poet, was born (died 5 July 1767).

20 March 1746, Thursday (-72,721) Nicolas Largilliere, French painter, died (born 20 October 1656).

18 March 1746, Tuesday (-72,723) George Harris, British General, was born (died 5/1829).

7 March 1746, Friday (-72,734) Andre Michaux, French botanical writer, was born (died 16 November 1802).

28 February 1746, Friday (-72,741) Hermann Hardt, German historical writer, died (born 15 November 1660).

27 February 1746, Thursday (-72,742) Louis Gohier, French politician, was born (died 29 May 1830).

25 February 1746, Tuesday (-72,744) Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, US statesman, was born in Charleston, South Carolina (died 16 August 1825)

22 February 1746, Saturday (-72,447) Guillaume Coustou, French sculptor, died in Paris (born 25 April 1677 in Paris)

8 February 1746, Saturday (-72,761) Thomas Chubb, religious writer, died (born 29 September 1679).

25 January 1746, Saturday (-72,775) Stephanie Genlis, French writer, was born (died 31 December 1830).

24 January 1746, Friday (-72,776) Gustavus III, King of Sweden, was born.

17 January 1746, Friday (-72,783) At the Battle of Falkirk, Charles and the Jacobites defeated the English under General Hawley, see 16 April 1746. This was the last Jacobite success.

12 January 1746, Sunday (-72,788) Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, promoter of education for the poor, was born in Zurich.

8 January 1746, Wednesday (-72,792) Bonnie Prince Charlie occupied Stirling.

7 January 1746, Tuesday (-72,793) George Keith, Briitsh Admiral, was born (died 10 March 1823).

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25 December 1745, Wednesday (-72,806) The Peace of Dresden concluded the Second Silesian War.Frederick of Prussia retained Silesia, and recognised Francis as ruler of Austria.

19 December 1745, Thursday (-72,812) Etienne Fourmont, French writer on the Orient, died (born 23 June 1683).

18 December 1745, Wednesday (-72,813) Battle of Clifton Moor.The Jacobites won a victory over the English at Penrith.

15 December 1745, Sunday (-72,816) Frederick invaded Bohemia, and occupied most of Saxony.On this day his chief general, Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau, defeated the Austrians and Saxons at Kesselsdorf, near Dresden.

12 December 1745, Thursday (-72,819) John Jay, US statesman,was born (died 17 May 1829).

10 December 1745, Tuesday (-72,821) Thomas Holcroft, English writer, was born (died 23 March 1809).

9 December 1745, Monday (-72,822) Claude Fournier, French Revolutionary, was born (died 1825).

7 December 1745, Saturday (-72,824)

5 December 1745, Thursday (-72,826) Jean Epremesnil, French magistrate, was born (died 22 April 1794).

4 December 1745, Wednesday (-72,827) Marching south, Charles�s forces reached Derby. However they were faced there by the superior forces of General Wade and William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. The Jacobite army retreated, to be finally defeated at Culloden (16 April 1746).

16 November 1745, Saturday (-72,845) William Broome, English poet, died (born 3 May 1689).

9 November 1745, Saturday (-72,852) Battle of Carlisle, Jacobite Rebellion. The Young Pretender, Charles Edawrd Stuart (Bonny Prince Charlie), defeated the Duke of Cumberland.

31 October 1745, Thursday (-72,861) Charles led his 5,000-strong army into England hoping, in vain, for popular support.Not gaining this, he returned to Scotland.

27 October 1745, Sunday (-72,865) Maximus Berezovsky, Riussian composer, was born in Glukhov (died 2 April 1777 in St Petersburg)

19 October 1745, Saturday (-72,873) Satirist Jonathan Swift, author of Gulliver�s Travels, died aged 77.

17 October 1745, Thursday (-72,875) William Scott Stowell, English Judge, was born in Heworth, near Newcastle on Tyne (died 28 January 1836)

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28 September 1745. Saturday (-72,894) The National Anthem God save the King was first played at the Drury lane Theatre, London.

23 September 1745, Monday (-72,899) John Sevier, first Governor of Tennessee, was born in Virginia (died 24 September 1815 in Georgia)

21 September 1745. Saturday (-72,901) Bonnie Prince Charlie (Charles Stuart) and his Jacobite army defeated the English under Sir John Cope at the Battle of Prestonpans.

16 September 1745, Monday (-72,906) Mikhail Kutusov, Russian Field Marshal, was born (died 25 March 1813).

13 September 1745, Friday (-72,909) Francis I became Holy Roman Emperor.

11 September 1745. Wednesday (-72,911) The Jacobites under the Young Pretender occupied Edinburgh, with 2,000 men.

9 September 1745, Monday (-72,913) Marie Antoinette became the official mistress of Louis XV, and was installed as such in Versailles.

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30 August 1745, Friday (-72,923) Johann Hieronymous Schroter, German astronomer, was born in Erfurt (died 29 August 1816)

20 August 1745, Tuesday (-72,933) Francis Asbury, US clergyman, was born (died 31 March 1816)

19 August 1745, Monday (-72,934) To claim the English throne, Prince Charles raised his father�s flag at Glenfinnan, after travelling from France.

5 August 1745, Monday (-72,948)

26 July 1745. Friday (-72,958) The first recorded women�s cricket match took place at Gosden Common near Guildford. Hambledon Village played nearby Bramley.

25 July 1745, Thursday (-72,959) (Britain) Prince Charles (Edward Stuart), the Young Pretender, landed in Scotland. He proclaimed his father as King James VIII of Scotland and James III of England. Highland clans rose in support of him.

17 July 1745, Wednesday (-72,967) Timothy Pickering, US politician, was born in Salem, Massachusetts (died 29 january 1829 in Salem, Massachsetts)

15 July 1745, Monday (-72,969) Friedrich Benda, German composer, was born in Potsdam (died 19 June 1814 in Potsdam)

11 July 1745, Thursday (-72,973) Pierre Desmaiseaux, French writer, died.

2 July 1745, Tuesday (-72,982) (Britain) Sir Robert Calder, British Admiral, was born (died 31 August 1818).

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16 June 1745, Sunday (-72,998) The British took Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, from the French, then also captured the fortress of Louisberg, at the mouth of the St Lawrence River.

4 June 1745, Tuesday (-73,010) The Austrians attacked Silesia, allied with troops from Saxony,but were defeated by Prussia at Hohenfriedburg.

28 May 1745, Tuesday (-73,017) Jonathan Richardson, English portraoit painter, died in London.

26 May 1745, Sunday (-73,019) Jonathan Edwards, philosophical writer, was born (died 1 August 1801)

12 May 1745, Sunday (-73,013) Jens Juel, Danish painter, was born in Fyn (died 27 December 1802 in Copenhagen)

11 May 1745, Saturday (-73,034) (Benelux, Britain, France)The Battle of Fontenoy took place in Belgium, during the War of the Austrian Succession. Marshal de Saxe won a French victory over British and Allied forces during the War of the Austrian Succession. William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, had been sent with Austrian, British, Dutch and Hanoverian troops to relieve Tournai, Belgium, under siege by the French. Cumberland�s army was beaten back with casualties of 7,000 and forced to retreat during the night towards Brussels. The British suffered further setbacks in Flanders and as troops were called back to fight the Young Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart. The British made peace with France at Aix la Chapelle in 1748.

22 April 1745, Monday (-73,054) Lindley Murray, writer, was born (died 16 January 1826).

20 April 1745, Saturday (-73,056) (Christian) Nathanael Emmons, US clergyman, was born (died 23 September 1840).

19 April 1745, Friday (-73,057) Oliver Ellsworth, US politician, was born (died 27 November 1807).

14 April 1745, Sunday (-73,061) Easter Sunday.

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25 March 1745, Monday (-73,081) Jacques Boutet, French dramatist, was born.

18 March 1745, Monday (-73,088) Sir Robert Walpole, British Whig Prime Minister from 1721 to 1742 died in London. He had been created the Earl of Orford.

4 March 1745, Monday (-73,102) Charles Dibdin, British composer, was born in Southampton (died 25 July 1814 in London)

22 February 1745, Friday (-73,112) Jean Antoine Roucher, French poet, was born in Montpellier (guillotined 25 July 1794)

20 February 1745, Wednesday (-73,114) Henry James Pye, English Poet Laureate, was born in London (died 11 August 1813 in Pinner, Middlesex)

18 February 1745, Monday (-73,116) Alessandro Volta, Italian scientist, was born in Como.

2 February 1745, Saturday (-73,132) Hannah More, English religious writer, was born (died 7 September 1833).

20 January 1745, Sunday (-73,145) Death of Frederick II of Prussia.

19 January 1745, Saturday (-73,146) John Baptist Vanloo, French painter, died in Aix en Provence (born 14 January 1685 in Aix)

16 January 1745, Wednesday (-73,149) Antonio Cavanilles, painter, was born (died 4 May 1804).

7 January 1745, Monday (-73,158) Johann Fabricius, Danish scientific writer, was born (died 3 March 1808).

4 January 1745, Friday (-73,161) Johann Griesbach, German Biblical writer, was born (died 24 March 1812).

1 January 1745, Tuesday (-73,164)

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25 December 1744, Tuesday (-73,171)

8 December 1744, Saturday (-73,188) (France) Marie Chateauroux, mistress to King Louis XV of France, died (born 1717).

30 November 1744, Friday (-73,196) Karl Knebel, German poet, was born (died 23 February 1834).

4 November 1744, Sunday (-73,222) Jean Bernoulli, mathematician, was born (died 13 July 1807)

3 November 1744, Saturday (-73,223) Friedrich Ludwig Schroder, German dramatist, was born in Schwerin (died 3 September 1816 )

31 October 1744, Wednesday (-73,226) Leonardo Leo, Italian composer, died (5 August 1694)

28 October 1744, Sunday (-73,229) William Hodges, English painter, was born in London (died 6 March 1797 in Brixham, Devon)

27 October 1744, Saturday (-73,230) Mary Moser, English flower painter, was born in London (died 2 May 1819in London)

4 October 1744, Thursday (-73,253) Juan Masdeu, Spanish historical writer, was born (died 11 April 1817).

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22 September 1744, Saturday (-73,265) (France) Claude Fauchet, French Revolutionary Bishop, was born (died 30 October 1793).

18 September 1744, Tuesday (-73,269) Lewis Theobald, English writer, died (born 1688 in Sittingbourne, Kent)

16 September 1744, Sunday (-73,271) Fabrizio Ruffo, Neapolitan Cardinal and politician, was born in Calabria (died 13 December 1827)

25 August 1744, Saturday (-73,293) Johann Herder, German writer, was born (died 18 December 1803).

23 August 1744, Thursday (-73,295) Rowland Hill, English religious writer, was born (died 11 April 1833).

19 August 1744, Sunday (-73,299) John Brand, English antiquarian and writer, was born in Washington, Durham (died 1806).

1 August 1744, Wednesday (-73,317) The Chevalier de Lamarck, naturalist, was born.

27 July 1744, Friday (-73,322) Gerard Lake, British General, was born (died 20 February 1808).

19 July 1744, Thursday (-73,330) Heinrich Boie, German author, was born in Meldorf (died in Meldorf 3 March 1806).

17 July 1744, Tuesday (-73,332) Elbridge Gerry, US statesman, was born (died 23 November 1814).

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24 June 1744, Sunday (-73,355) Wybrand Hendriks, Dutch painter, was born in Amsterdam (died 28 January 1831 in Haarlem)

17 June 1744, Sunday (-73,362) George Rose, English politician, was born (died 13 January 1818 in Hampshire)

4 June 1744, Monday (-73,375) Jeremy Belknap, US author, was born in Boston (died in Boston 20 June 1798).

31 May 1744, Thursday (-73,379) Richard Edgeworth, British writer, was born (died 13 June 1817).

30 May 1744, Wednesday (-73,380) English poet Alexander Pope died in Twickenham, near London.

24 May 1744, Thursday (-73,386) The Baltic Exchange in London was founded, as the marketplace where marine cargo rates were fixed. On this day the Daily Post announced that a coffee house in Threadneedle Street was changing its name from the Maryland Coffee House to the Virginia and Baltick Coffee House, and would act as an exchange point for news and post for sea captains engaged in North Atlantic cargo.

25 April 1744, Wednesday (-73,415) Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer who devised the Centigrade temperature scale in 1742, died.

21 April 1744, Saturday (-73,419) Alexander Runciman, Scottish painter, was born in Edinburgh (died 21 October 1785 in Edinburgh)

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26 March 1744, Monday (-73,445) Thomas Favras, French Royalist, was born (executed 19 February 1790).

25 March 1744, Sunday (-73,446) Easter Sunday.

20 March 1744, Tuesday (-73,451) (Britain) William Maxwell Nithsdale, Jacobite leader, died in Rome (born 1676).

13 March 1744, Tuesday (-73,458)

3 March 1744, Saturday (-73,468) Jean Barbeyrac, French legal writer, died (born in Beziers, Languedoc, 15 March 1674).

29 February 1744, Wednesday (-73,471) John Theophilus Desaguliers, philosopher, died

23 February 1744, Thursday (-73,477) Josaih Quincy, US patriot, was born in Boston, Massachusetts (died16 March 1775)

20 February 1744, Monday (-73,480) Sir William Cornwallis, British Admiral, was born (died 5 July 1819).

14 February 1744, Tuesday (-73,486) (Science) Joseph Hadley, optician who invented the reflecting octant, ancestor of the sextant, died in East Barnet in Hertfordshire.

13 February 1744, Monday (-73,487) David Allan, Scottish portrait painter, was born in Alloa (died 6 August 1796 in Edinburgh)

10 February 1744, Friday (-73,490) William Mitford, English historian, was born (died 10 February 1827).

6 February 1744, Monday (-73,494) Pierre Desault, French surgeon, was born (died 1 June 1795).

26 January 1744, Thursday (-73,505) Ludwig Khevenhuller, Austrian Field Marshal, died.

20 January 1744, Friday (-73,511) Giambattista Vico, Italian historical writer, died in Naples.

10 January 1744, Tuesday (-73,521) Thomas Mifflin, US politician, was born (died 20 January 1800).

5 January 1744, Thursday (-73,526) Gaspar Jovellanos, Spanish author, was born (died 27 November 1811).

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27 December 1743, Tuesday (-73,535) Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter, died (born in Perpignan 20 July 1659)

23 December 1743, Friday (-73,539) Theophile la Tour, French soldier, was born (died 27 June 1800).

7 December 1743, Wednesday (-73,555) Johann Eschenburg, German historical writer, was born (died 29 February 1820).

1 December 1743, Thursday (-73,561 Martin Klaproth, german chemistry writer, was born (died1 January 1817).

18 November 1743, Friday (-73,574) Johannes Ewald, Danish poet, was born (died 17 March 1781)

20 October 1743, Thursday (-73,603) Michael Dahl, Swedish portrait painter, died in London.

10 October 1743, Monday (-73,613) Marie Guimard, French dancer, was born (died1816)

9 October 1743, Sunday (-73,614) Louis Simon Boizot, French sculptor, was born in Paris (died 10 march 1809 in Paris)

4 October 1743, Tuesday (-73,619) Henry Carey, poet, died.

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22 September 1743, Thursday (-73,633) Quintin Crauford, British author, was born (died 23 November 1819).

17 September 1743, Saturday (-73,636) Marie Condorcet, French Revolutionary, was born (died 1794).

14 September 1743, Wednesday (-73,639) Nicolas Lancret, French painter, died (born 22 January 1660)

11 September 1743, Sunday (-71,642) Nicolai Abraham Abildgaard, Danich Neoclassical painterm was born in Copenhagen (died 4 June 1809 near Copenhagen)

3 September 1743, Saturday (-73,650) (Germany) Johann Archenholz, German historian, was born in Langfuhr, Danzig (died 28 February 1812 at Oyendorf, Hamburg).

27 August 1743, Saturday (-73,657) Henry Pelham took up office as Prime Minister.

26 August 1743, Friday (-73,658) Antoine Lavoisier, French founder of modern chemistry, was born in Paris.

19 August 1743, Friday (-73,665) Comtesse du Barry, the last mistress of Louis XV, was born in Vancouleurs as Marie Jeanne Becu, daughter of a dressmaker.

16 August 1743, Tuesday (-73,668) The earliest prize-ring code of boxing was drawn up in England by champion fighter Jack Boughton.

7 August 1743, Sunday (-73,677) (Finland) As a consequence of the peace negotiations between Sweden and Russia (began 23 January 1743) Sweden ceded control of south-east Finland, east of the River Kymi (Kymmene) to Russia.

5 August 1743, Friday (-73,679) John Hervey, English writer, died (born 13 October 1696)

1 August 1743, Monday (-73,683) Richard Savage, English writer, died.

6 July 1743, Wednsday (-73,709) Valentin Adamberger, German tenor singer, was born in Munich (died 24 August 1804 in Vienna)

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27 June 1743, Monday (-73,718) The Battle of Dettingen. The last battle in which a British monarch commanded an army on the battlefield. George II defeated the French at the Battle of Dettingen, in Bavaria, during the War of Austrian Succession.

20 June 1743, Monday (-73,725) Anna Barbauld, English poet, was born in Kibworth Harcourt, Leicestershire (died 9 March 1825).

17 June 1743, Friday (-73,728) John Lowell, US jurist, was born (died 6 May 1802).

13 June 1743, Monday (-73,732) Francis Dana, US jurist, was born (died 25 April 1811).

11 June 1743, Saturday (-73,734) Robert Hamilton, Scottish economics writer, was born (died 1829).

8 June 1743, Wednesday (-73,737) (Italy) Alessandro Cagliostro, Italian alchemist and impostor, was born (died 1795).

24 May 1743, Tuesday (-73,752) Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary, was born (died 13 July 1793).

23 May 1743, Monday (-73,753) Thomas Archer, Engloish baroque architect, died.

21 May 1743, Saturday (-73,755) Bryan Edwards, British historical writer, was born (died 7/1800).

6 May 1743, Friday (-73,770) Andrew Carmichael Ramsay, French writer, died in St Germain en Laye (born 9 January 1686 in Ayr, Scotland)

29 April 1743, Friday (-73,777) Charles Saint Pierre, French writer, died in Paris (born near Cherbourg 18 February 1658)

24 April 1743, Sunday (-73,782) Edward Cartwright, inventor of the power loom in 1785, was born at Marnham, Nottinghamshire.

20 April 1743, Wednesday (-73,786) Alexandre Francois Desportes, French painter, died in Paris (born 24 February 1661 in Champagne)

18 April 1743, Monday (-73,788) James Blair, US cleric, died(born 1656).

13 April 1743, Wednesday (-73,793) Thomas Jefferson, 3rd American President, was born in Shadwell, Virginia, son of a civil engineer.

11 April 1743, Monday (-73,795) Jose del Campillo, Spanish statesman, died (born 1695).

4 April 1743, Monday (-73,802) (Arts) Robert Ainsworth, English writer, died in London (born 1660 in Eccles, Manchester).

3 April 1743, Sunday (-73,803) Easter Sunday.

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29 March 1743, Tuesday (-73,808) Paris Alghisi, Italian composer, died in Brescia (born 19 June 1666 in Brescia)

28 February 1743, Monday (-73,837) Rene Hauy, French mineralogist, was born (died 3 June 1822).

23 February 1743, Wednesday (-73,842) Meyer Rothschild, founder of the banking dynasty, was born in Germany.

19 February 1743, Saturday (-73,846) Italian composer Luigi Boccherrini was born in Lucca.

13 February 1743, Sunday (-73,852) (Biology) Sir Joseph Banks, naturalist, was born in Argyle Street, London (died in Isleworth, 19 June 1820),

8 February 1743, Tuesday (-73,857) Battle of Campo Santo, War of the Austrian Succession, Inconclusive fight between Spain, under Moertemar, and the Imperialists under Count Traum.

1 February 1743, Tuesday (-73,864) Guiseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian composer, died in Rome (born in Rieti 18 March 1657)

29 January 1743, Saturday (-73,867) Andre Fleury, French statesman, died (born 22 June 1653).

25 January 1743, Tuesday (-73,871) Friedrich Jacobi, German philosophical writer, was born (died 10 March 1819).

23 January 1743, Sunday (-73,873) (Russia, Sweden) Russia and Sweden began negotiations to end their conflict.

21 January 1743, Friday (-73,875) (Maritime) John Fitch, US pioneer of steam navigation, was born (died 2 July 1798)

18 January 1743, Tuesday (-73,878) Louis Saint Martin, French writer, was born in Amboise (died 23 Ocgtober 1803 in Aunay, near Paris)

5 January 1743, Wednesday (-73,891) Welsh Calvinistic Methodists under George Whitefield�s leadership formed the first Methodist Association.

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26 December 1742, Sunday (-73,901) Ignaz Born, Austrian mineralogist, was born in Transylvania (died 1791)

25 December 1742, Saturday (-72,902) Charlotte von Stein, German writer, was born in Weimar (died 6 January 1827 in Weimar)

19 December 1742, Sunday (-73,908) Karl Wilhelm Scheele, Swedish chemist, was born in Stralsund, Pomerania (died 21 May 1786)

16 December 1742, Thursday (-73,911) Gebhard Blucher, Prussian General, was born in Silesia (died in Silesia 12 September 1819)

13 December 1742, Monday (-73,914) Narciso Tome, spoanish artist, died in Toledo.

3 December 1742, Friday (-73,924) James Rennell, British geographical writer, was born near Chudleigh, Devon (born 29 March 1830).

24 November 1742, Wednesday (-73,933) Antonio de Capmany, Spanish scholarly writer, was born (died14 November 1813)

12 November 1742, Friday (-73,945) Friedrich Hoffmann, German medical writer, died (born 19 February 1660)

27 October 1742, Wednesday (-73,961) Nicholas Amhurst, English poet, died in Twickenham (born 16 October 1697 in Marden, Kent).

26 October 1742, Tuesday (-73,962) Charles Dupuis, French scientific writer, was born (died 29 September 1809).

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26 September 1742, Sunday (-73,992) Thomas Jones, Welsh landscape painter, was born in Radnorshire (died 29 April 1803 in Radnorshire)

20 September 1742, Monday (-73,998) Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard, instructor of deaf-mutes, was born in Haute-Garonne (died 10 May 1822 in Paris).

18 September 1742, Saturday (-74,000) Jean Massilon, French religious writer, died (born 24 June 1663)

8 September 1742, Wednesday (-74,010) Ozias Humphry, English portrait painter, was born in Honiton, Devon (died 9 March 1810 in London)

7 August 1742, Saturday (-74,042) Nathanael Greene, US General, was born (died 19 June 1786).

29 July 1742, Thursday (-74,051) Armand kersaint, French politician, was born (executed 4 December 1793).

28 July 1742, Wednesday (-74,052) Maria Theresa of Austria made peace with Prussia; ceding control of all of Silesia to Prussia.

19 July 1742, Monday (-74,061) William Somerville, English poet, died (born in Edstone, Worcestershire 2 September 1675)

14 July 1742, Wednesday (-74,066) Richard Bentley, English scholar and writer, died (born near Wakefield 27 January 1662).

11 July 1742, Sunday (-74,069) A Papal Bull condemned Jesuit tolerance of Confucianism in China.

9 July 1742, Friday (-74,071) John Oldmixon, British historical writer, died (born 1673 near Bridgewater, Somerset).

1 July 1742, Thursday (-74,079) Georg Lichtenberg, German writer, was born.

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25 June 1742, Friday (-74,085) Johann Schweighauser, German scholarly writer, was born in Strassburg (died 19 January 1830)

17 June 1742, Thursday (-74,093) (Britain) Nathan Bailey, English lexicographer, died. His work formed the basis for Dr Johnson�s famous writing.

12 June 1742, Saturday (-74,098) Jurraein Andriessen, Dutch painter, was born in Amsterdam (died 31 July 1819 in Amsterdam)

11 June 1742, Friday (-74,099) The Peace of Breslau concluded the First Silesian War.Austria ceded most of Silesia along with Glatz to Prussia, retaining only the principalities of Troppau and Teschen.In return Frederick promised his neutrality.

28 May 1742, Friday (-74,113) The first indoor swimming pool in England opened in London. The entrance fee was one guinea.

17 May 1742, Monday (-74,124) The Prussian cavalry defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Chotusitz.

13 May 1742, Thursday (-74,128) Manasseh Cutler, US statesman, was born (died 28 July 1823)

6 May 1742, Thursday (-74,135) Jean Senebier, researcher on plant physiology, was born in Geneva (died 22 July 1809 in Geneva)

18 April 1742, Sunday (-74,153) Easter Sunday.

17 April 1742, Saturday (-74,154) Arvid Horn, Swedish statesman, died (born 6 April 1664).

13 April 1742, Tuesday (-74,158) The performance of Handel�s Messiah in Dublin marked the climax of his popularity.

2 April 1742, Friday (-74,169) James Douglas, physicist, died.

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22 February 1742, Monday (-74,208) Charles Rivington, British publisher, died (born 1688 in Chesterfield, Derbyshire)

8 February 1742, Monday (-74,222) Sir Robert Walpole left office as Prime Minister.

26 January 1742, Tuesday (-74,235) Arthir Middleton, US politician, was born (died 1 January 1787).

14 January 1742. Thursday (-74,247) Astronomer-Royal Edmond Halley died at Greenwich aged 85.

1 January 1742, Friday (-74,260) Isaac Reed, English writer on Shakespeare, was born in London (died 5 January 1807)

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21 December 1741, Monday (-74,271) Bernard de Montfaucon, French writer, died (born 13 January 1655).

19 December 1741, Saturday (-74,273) Vitus Bering, Danish born explorer of Russia, who gave his name to the Bering Strait and Bering Sea, died of scurvy on Bering Island after being shipwrecked. On earlier expeditions he had mapped the Bering Strait and much of the coast of Siberia.

14 December 1741, Monday (-74,278) Charles Rollin, French historical writer, died (born 30 January 1661 in Paris)

6 December 1741, Sunday (-74,286) (Russia) Elizabeth Petrovna became Empress of Russia in a coup.

15 November 1741, Sunday (-74,307) Johann Lavater, German poet, was born (died 2 January 1801)

5 November 1741, Thursday (-74,317) Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini, painter, died in Venice (born 29 April 1675 in Venice)

30 October 1741, Friday (-74,323) Angelica Kauffman, French painter, was born.

19 October 1741, Monday (-74,334) David Garrick, English actor, made his debut in London as Richard III.

18 October 1741, Sunday (-74,335) French novelist Pierre Choderlos de Laclos was born in Amiens.

11 October 1741, Sunday (-74,342) James Barry, English painter, was born in Cork (died 22 February 1806).

8 October 1741, Thursday (-74,345) Vasquez Cadalso, Spanish author, was born (killed at the siege of Gibraltar 27 February 1782).

4 October 1741, Sunday (-74,349) Edmond Malone, Irish literary writer, was born (died 25 April 1812).

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22 September 1741, Tuesday (-74,361) Simon Peter Pallas, German naturalist, was born in Berlin (died 8 September 1811 in Berlin)

11 September 1741, Friday (-74,372) Johann Engel, German author, was born (died 28 June 1802).

3 September 1741, Thursday (-74,380) Owen Jones, Welsh historian, was born (died 26 December 1814).

31 August 1741, Monday (-74,383) Johann Heineccius, German legal writer, died (born 11 September 1681).

27 August 1741, Thursday (-74,387) Joseph Reed, US politician, was born in Trenton, New Jersey (died 5 March 1785 in Philadelphia)

22 August 1741, Saturday (-74,392) Jean Francoise la Perouse, French navigator, was born.

28 July 1741, Tuesday (-74,417) Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer, notably of The Four Seasons, died in Vienna.

27 July 1741, Monday (-74,418) Francois Barthelemon, French composer, was born in Bordeaux (died 20 July 1808 in London)

15 July 1741, Wednesday (-74,430) (USA) The first Europeans landed on the coast of Alaska. A Russian expedition led by Vitus Bering began exploration there.

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25 June 1741, Thursday (-74,450) John Lnngdon, US statesman, was born (died 18 September 1819).

24 June 1741, Wednesday (-74,451) (Arts) Alexander Adam, Scottish writer (died 18 December 1809) was born near Forres.

25 May 1741, Monday (-64,481) Daniel Jablonski, German religious writer, died (born 20 November 1660).

17 May 1741, Sunday (-64,489) Barthelemy Faujas, French geological writer, was born (died 18 July 1819).

9 May 1741, Saturday (-64,497) Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer, was born in Tarento (died5 June 1816)

17 April 1741, Friday (-74,519) Samuel Chase, US jurist, was born (died 19 June 1811).

16 April 1741, Thursday (-74,520) Charles Willson Peale, US portrait painter, was born in Maryland (died in Pennsylvania 22 February 1826)

14 April 1741, Tuesday (-74,522)

11 April 1741, Saturday (-74,525) Johann Merck, German author, was born (died 27 June 1791).

10 April 1741, Friday (-74,526) The German Emperor crossed the Silesian frontier, advanced as far as Breslau, and this day defeated an Austrian Army near Mollwitz.This was during the War of the Austrian Succession.

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31 March 1741, Tuesday (-74,536) Pieter Burmann, Dutch scholarly writer, died (born 1668).

29 March 1741, Sunday (-74,538) Easter Sunday.

28 March 1741, Saturday (-74,539) Johann Andre, German composer, was born in Offenbach (died 18 June 1799 in Offenbach)

25 March 1741, Wednesday (-74,542) Jean Antoine Houdon, French sculptor, was born in Versailles (died 15 July 1828 in Paris)

17 March 1741, Tuesday (-74,550) Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, poet, died.

13 March 1741, Friday (-74,554) Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, was born.

9 March 1741, Monday (-74,558) British Admiral Edward Vernon began an assault on the Spanish city of Cartagena, in modern-day Colombia.

21 February 1741, Saturday (-74,574) Agricultural pioneer Jethro Tull, who invented the seed drill around 1701, died near Hungerford, Berkshire, aged 67. He was inspired to develop the seed drill by the pipes of the church organ he played on Sundays. He also pioneered crop rotation, developing a new hoe for planting turnips between the grain crops; turnips meant winter feed, so more manure, so more fertile soil that didn�t need a whole year fallow to recover.

16 February 1741, Monday (-74,579) Benjamin Franklin, USA, began publication of his General Magazine.

15 February 1741, Sunday (-74,580) Georg Raphael Donner, Austrian sculptor, died in Vienna (born 1693 in Vienna)

13 February 1741, Friday (-74,582) In the House of Commons, Sir Robert Walpole first used the phrase �Balance of Power� to describe Britain�s approach to foreign policy.

8 February 1741. Sunday (-74,587) Neisse and Brieg still held out but the Prussians stormed and occupied Glogau on 9 March 1741. At the Battle of Mollwitz, 10 April 1741, the Prussians narrowly won the day. Europe realised that Prussia was now a major military power and France sent an envoy, Marshal Belleisle, to negotiate an alliance with Frederick.The �Silesian adventure� now became the War of the Austrian Succession. France supported the Elector of Bavaria. Sweden was supposed to stop Russia attacking Prussia but on 3 September 1742 the Swedes were heavily defeated by the Russians at Wilmanstrand, and Sweden capitulated in 1742 at Helsingfors, the Swedish capital. At the Peace of Dresden, 25 December 1745 Frederick recognised the Elector of Bavaria as ruler of Austria in return for his acquiring Silesia. The War of the Austrian Succession ended on 18 October 1748 with the Peace of Aachen (Aix la Chapelle).

6 February 1741, Friday (-74,589) Henry Fuseli, painter, was born in Zurich (died 16 April 1825 in Putney, London)

31 January 1741, Saturday (-74,595) Theodor Hippel, German writer, was born (died 23 April 1796)

16 January 1741, Friday (-74,610) Hester Lynch Piozzo, English writer, was born (died 2 May 1821 in Clifton, Bristol)

14 January 1741, Wednesday (-74,612) (USA) Benedict Arnold, US soldier, was born in Norwich, Connecticut (died 14 June 1801 in London, England).

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20 December 1740, Saturday (-74,637) Arthur Lee, US diplomat, was born (died 12 December 1792).

16 December 1740. Tuesday (-74,641) Without a declaration of war. Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia, an Austrian province. He occupied Silesia quite easily, besieging the few towns of Glogau, Breig, and Neisse still held by the Austrians. In February 1741 Austria prepared to reconquer Silesia.

24 November 1740, Monday (-74,663) John Bacon, sculptor, was born in Southwark (died 4 August 1799 in London)

3 November 1740, Monday (-74,684) Whitechapel Hospital, London, opened.

31 October 1740, Friday (-74,687) Philip de Loutherberg, English artist, was born (died 11 March 1812).

28 October 1740, Tuesday (-74,690) James Boswell, Scottish diarist and biographer of Samuel Johnson, was born.

22 October 1740, Wednesday (-74,696) Sir Philip Francis, English politician, was born (died 23 December 1818).

20 October 1740, Monday (-74,698) (Germany, Austria) Emperor Charles VI died unexpectedly. Maria Theresa, aged 23, became ruler of Austria. Frederick II of Prussia, taking advantage of Austria having a young female ruler, prepared to invade the wealthy Austrian province of Silesia. Meanwhile Bavaria and Saxony also had claims on Austrian lands (their claims supported by France), and Spain wanted the Italian provinces of Austria. Hungary supported Austria.

5 October 1740, Sunday (-74,713) (Germany) Johann Baratier, German scholar of precocious genius, died (born in Schwabach near Nuremberg 10 January 1721).

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17 September 1740, Wednesday (-74,731) John Hamilton Mortimer, English painter, was born in eastbourne, Sussex (died 4 February 1779 in London)

12 September 1740, Friday (-74,736) Johann Jung, German author, was born (died 2 April 1817)

8 September 1740, Monday (-74,740) Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor, was born in Stockholm (died 26 February 1814 in Stockholm)

2 September 1740, Tuesday (-74,746) Johann Jacobi, German poet, was born (died 1814).

31 August 1740, Sunday (-74,748) Jean Frederic Oberlin, German social reformer, was born in Strassburg (died 1 June 1826).

28 August 1740, Thursday (-74,751) Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor, was born in Stocholm (died 26 February 1814 in Stockholm)

26 August 1740, Tuesday (-74,753) Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, pioneer balloonist, was born in Annonay, France. He and his brother got the idea for hot air balloons by filling paper bags with smoke from a fire and watching them rise to the ceiling.

15 August 1740, Friday (-74,764) Matthias Claudius, German poet, was born (died 21 January 1815).

14 August 1740, Thursday (-74,765) Pope Pius X was born.

10 August 1740, Sunday (-74,769) Samuel Arnold, English composer, was born in London (died 22 October 1802 in London)

1 August 1740, Friday (-74,778) Rule Britannia, written by Scotsman James Thomson, with music by Londoner Thomas Arne, was heard for the first time, at the Prince of Wales� country home at Cliveden.

16 July 1740, Wednesday (-74,794) Jan Kupecky, Bohemian portrait painter, died in Nuermberg.

2 July 1740, Wednesday (-74,808) (Britain) Thomas Baker, English antiquary, died(born in Lanchester, Durham, 14 September 1656).

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7 June 1740, Saturday (-74,833) Alexander Spotswood, British colonial Governor in America, died in Maryland.

6 June 1740, Friday (-74,834) Louis Mercier, French writer, was born (died 25 April 1814).

2 June 1740, Monday (-74,838) Birth of Marquis de Sade, French writer who was imprisoned in the Bastille for his sexual perversions.

31 May 1740, Saturday (-74,840) Frederick William I of Prussia died aged 51. He had made his country into a significant military power with a standing army of 83,000 men. He was succeeded by his 28-year old son, Frederick II, who then occupied part of Silesia, starting a war with Austria.

28 May 1740, Wednesday (-74,843) Mahmud I, ruler of Turkey, agreed to respect Christian rights in the Holy Land.

24 May 1740, Saturday (-74,847) Pierre Crozat, French art collector, died in Paris (born 1655 in Toulouse)

15 May 1740, Thursday (-74,856) Ephraim Chambers, English encyclopaedist, died.

2 May 1740, Friday (-74,869) Elias Boudinot, US revolutionary leader, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (died in Burlington, New Jersey, 24 October 1821)

23 April 1740, Wednesday (-74,878) Thomas Tickell, English poet, died in Bath (born 1686 near Carlisle)

6 April 1740, Sunday (-74,895) Easter Sunday.

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18 March 1740, Tuesday (-74,914) Jean Houdon, French sculptor, was born (died 16 July 1828)

21 February 1740, Thursday (-74,940) Girolamo Amati, Italian violin maker, died (born26 February 1649)

18 February 1740, Monday (-74,943) John Sullivan, US soldier, was born in New Hampshire (died 23 January 1795 in New Hampshire)

17 February 1740, Sunday (-74,944) Birth of meteorologist Horace Benedict de Saussure, inventor of the cyanometer, a device for measuring the blueness of the sky.

13 February 1740, Wednesday (-74,948) Madelaine Sophie Arnould, fremnch soprano singer, was born in Paris (died 22 October 1802 in Paris)

11 February 1740, Monday (-74,950) Pierre Malouet, French writer, was born (died 7 September 1814).

8 February 1740, Friday (-74,953) The great frost of London ended. It had begun on 24 December 1739.

6 February 1740, Wednesday (-74,955) Pope Clement XII (246thPope) died. Pope Benedict XIV (247thPope),acceded, formerly Cardinal Prospero Lambertini, died 1758.

4 February 1740, Monday (-74,957) Karl Bellman, Swedish poet, was born in Stockholm (died 11 February 1795).

8 January 1740, Tuesday (-74,984)

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31 December 1739, Monday (-74,992)

23 December 1739, Sunday (-75,000) John Vanderbank, English painter, died in London (born 9 September 1694 in London)

20 November 1739, Tuesday (-75,033) Jean la Harpe, French writer, was born (died 11 February 1803).

8 November 1739, Thursday (-75,045) Vasily Dolgoruki, Russian politician, was executed (born 1672).

2 November 1739, Friday (-75,051) Karl Dittersdorf, Austrian composer, was born (died 1 October 1799).

24 October 1739, Wednesday (-75,060) Mansion House, London, was founded.

19 October 1739, Friday (-75,065) The War of Jenkins Ear began. In 1738 Captain Jenkins alleged that whilst in the Caribbean his ship had been boarded by the Spanish, one of whom had cut off one of his ears. In October 1739 Lord Anson was despatched with a naval squadron to wreak revenge. The real cause of the war between England and Spain was a border dispute over Florida.

17 October 1739, Wednesday (-75,067) The Foundling Hospital (now Coram), the UK�s first dedicated children�s charity, was created by a Royal Charter of King George II.

3 October 1739, Wednesday (-75,081) Valentine Green, English engraver, ws born near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire (died 29 June 1813 in London)

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19 September 1739, Saturday (-75,085) Andrew Pickens, US soldier, was born in Pennsylvania (died 17 August 1817 in South Carolina)

14 September 1739, Friday (-75,100) Pierre Dupont, French statesman, was born (died 6 August 1817).

3 September 1739, Monday (-75,111) George Lillo, English dramatist, died (born 4 February 1693).

26 July 1739, Thursday (-75,150) George Clinton, US political leader, was born (died 20 April 1812).

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4 June 1739, Monday (-75,202) Johann Beckman, German scientific author, was born in Hoya (died 3 February 1811)

27 May 1739, Sunday (-75,210) Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, German organist, died in Jena (born 11 May 1715 in Weimar)

22 May 1739, Tuesday (-75,215)

12 May 1739, Saturday (-75,225) Quirjin Blankenburg, Dutch composer, died in The Hague (born 1654 in Gouda)

22 April 1739, Sunday (-75,245) Easter Sunday.

19 April 1739, Thursday (-75,248) Nicholas Saunderson, English mathematician, died of scurvy (born January 1682 in Thurlstone, Yorkshire)

7 April 1739. Saturday (-75,260) (Road traffic) The infamous robber Dick Turpin was hanged at York for murder, sheep-stealing, smuggling, and holding up stage coaches. He was buried in York as �John Palmer�. He had been part of the infamous �Gregory Gang� of robbers and rapists in 1735. However as a horse-borne highwayman he enjoyed a reputation better than the �footpad� men who tended to disable their victims before fleeing on foot. Horse-borne robbers had no need of this and were even courteous to their victims.

4 April 1739, Wednesday (-75,263) First performance in London of George Handel�s oratorio Israel in Egypt; he subsequently revised the work.

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31 March 1739, Saturday (-75,267) Andries Cornelis Lens, Flemish painter, was born in Anywerp 9died 30 march 1822 in Brussels)

24 March 1739, Saturday (-75,274) Christian Schubart, German poet, was born in Swabia (died 10 October 1791 in Stuttgart)

21 March 1739, Wednesday (-75,277) Johann Ernst Bach, German musician, died in Arnstadt (born 5 August 1683 in Arnstadt)

20 March 1739, Tuesday (-75,278) Persian ruler Nadir Shah sacked the Indian city of Delhi. The collapse of the Moghul Empire created a large power vacuum in India. The Afghans invaded from the north-west, Marathas invaded from the west, and local warlords carved out small independent states, perpetually fighting each other. In the middle of this chaos, Britain was able to take over.

19 March 1739, Monday (-75,279) Charles LeBrun, French statesman, was born (died 16 June 1824)

4 March 1739, Sunday (-75,294)

24 February 1739, Saturday (-75,302) Battle of Karnal, Mughal Civil Wars. Persian forces under Nader Shah defeated the Mughals under Emperor Muhammad Shah.

23 February 1739, Friday (-75,303) Peter Adolf Hall, Swedish portrait painter, was born in Boras (died 15 May 1793 in Liege)

19 January 1739, Friday (-75,338) Guiseppe Bonomi, English architect, was born in Rome (died in London 9 March 1808).

16 January 1739, Tuesday (-75,341) First performance in London of George Handel�s oratorio Saul.

10 January 1739, Wednesday (-75,347) (USA) Ethan Allen, US soldier, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut (died 11 2/1789 in Burlington, Vermont).

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31 December 1738, Sunday (-75,357) Charles Cornwallis, British soldier, was born (died 5 October 1805).

28 December 1738, Thursday (-75,360) Benjamin Franklin, using the pseudonym Richard Saunders, began publication of �Poor Man�s Almanack�

20 December 1738, Wednesday (-75,368) Claude Michel, French sculptor, was born (died 29 March 1814).

30 November 1738, Thursday (-75,388) Thomas Robinson, 2nd baron Grantham, was born (died 20 July 1786).

15 November 1738, Wednesday (-75,403) Sir William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781, was born in Hanover, Germany.

10 October 1738