Chronography of Women�s Rights and Female Equality
Page last modified 2/4/2022
Male-Female
Literacy Differential Map. Compare the relative literacy levels for women and men across the
world. Overall
adult literacy rates here.
Female enfranchisement (dates, by country) � see Appendix 1
Family Legal
Rights � children, divorce, property � see Appendix 2
(For Abortion and Birth Control
see Morals).
First woman in selected roles � see Appendix 3
What constitutes sexual
harassment � chart by age, sex and
country
Women�s Rights and Equality
9/10/2012, The Pakistani schoolgirl Malala
Yousafzai was shot in the head whilst travelling home on a school
bus, for insisting that girls had a right to education. She survived, continued
campaigning, and in 2014 became the youngest person to date to receive the Nobel
prize.
4/2/2006, Betty
Friedan, US campaigner for women�s rights, died.
26/2/1986, The European Court ruled that the retirement
age for men and women should be the same. The British Government did
nothing to equalise retirement ages or pension rights.
27/12/1975, In the UK, the Sex Discrimination Act and the Equal
Pay Act came into force.
6/3/1971. Over 4,000 women�s
liberation marchers demonstrated in London. They marched from Hyde Park to 10 Downing
Street.
9/2/1970, The UK
Parliament said men and women would
receive equal pay by 1976.
% of US women
who are in paid employment
|
All women |
Unmarried women |
Married women |
1990 |
57.6 |
|
|
1969 |
43.0 |
|
41.0 |
1960 |
41.4 |
|
|
1930 |
23.6 |
|
|
1900 |
20.0 |
|
|
11/2/1969. In the UK, female workers at the Ford car plant
won equal pay with male workers.
27/9/1960, Death of Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst, suffragette.
1958, In Morocco, women were now allowed to
choose their own husbands and polygamy was restricted.
13/2/1958, The suffragette,
Dame
Christobel Pankhurst, daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst,
died (born 1880).
1/1/1958, In Tunisia, polygamy was
abolished.
4/3/1955, The Burnham
Commission recommended equal
salaries for men and women teachers; another step towards equality of pay
between the sexes.
16/6/1953, Margaret Bondfield, British Women�s Rights activist,
died aged 80.
16/5/1952. The British
Parliament voted in favour of equal pay for women.
1949, Death of Sarojini Naidu,
Indian
feminist, politician and poet. Born in 1879, she campaigned for the abolition
of purdah. She was Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) from
Indian independence in 1947.
3/1946, The UK Government now
allowed women to become diplomats � but only if they remained unmarried.
29/1/1939, Germaine Greer, Australian writer, was born in
Melbourne.
6/12/1933. Germany planned to abolish women�s suffrage.
27/8/1933, Joke Smit, Dutch feminist, was born.
5/8/1929, Millicent Garrett Fawcett, British feminist
activist, died aged 82.
14/6/1928. Emmeline Pankhurst, suffragette, born 13/2/1858, died.
7/5/1928. In Britain, women aged between 21 and 30 won equal suffrage in elections.
This was known as the �flapper�s vote�.
The women�s voting age in Britain had previously been 30.
5/1926,
Women in India were now eligible to stand for election to public office.
1925, In Britain the Guardianship of Infants Act equalised
the righst of access to children of both mother and father when divorced.
Previously men could override access by the mother if they wished.
8/12/1923. In the UK 8
women were now MPs. The British general election resulted in a hung
Parliament.
18/7/1923, In Britain, the Matrimonial Causes Act gave women equality in divorce cases.
1920, Death of Inessa Armand
(born 1875) champion of women�s rights in Soviet Russia. She became a political ally of Lenin
in 1905, and in 1919 set up Zhenotdel,
the women�s section of the Societ Communist Party, shortly before dying of
cholera and overwork. Zhenotdel
continued until 1930.
23/12/1919, In Britain, the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Bill was passed, opening up many
professions to women.
14/12/1918, Women aged over 30 voted in a General Election in Britain for
the first time. Women could
also stand as candidates in UK General Elections for the first time. 17 stood
but only one was elected.
19/9/1918, In Britain a Government commission investigated equal pay for women.
19/6/1917, Large Commons vote in favour of giving women over
30 the vote.
29/3/1917, In Britain,
Lloyd
George announced plans to give
women over 30 the vote.
1/1/1916, In Britain, women�s
employment had risen by two million over the past 12 months.
10/11/1915, A survey showed that women working in UK factories have enabled production to rise by
250%.
11/9/1915. The first Women�s
Institute in Britain was formed, in Anglesey, Wales.� The first Women�s Institute was founded in
Canada in 1897.
24/1/1915. 1,000 British suffragettes arrived in France to fill factory jobs vacated by men away on
the Front.
11/6/1914. Bomb outrage
by suffragettes
in Westminster Abbey.
10/6/1914, Sylvia Pankhurst was arrested for the 8th
time.
1/6/1914. Suffragettes burned
down a church near Henley on Thames.
22/5/1914. Suffragettes protested outside Buckingham Palace. Emmeline
Pankhurst was arrested as she tried to present a petition.
6/5/1914. The House of
Lords rejected the Women's Enfranchisement Bill.
17/4/1914. A suffragette bomb
destroyed the pier at Great Yarmouth.
10/3/1914. Suffragettes rioted
in London. Mary
Richardson, militant suffragette, attacked Velasquez�s Rokeby
Venus in London�s National Gallery with a meat cleaver.
3/1/1914. The suffragette Sylvia
Pankhurst was re-arrested. This was under the �Cat and Mouse�
Act which enabled the UK government to release suffragette hunger strikers from
prison so they would not die and become martyrs, only to re-arrest them when
they recovered.
4/12/1913, Emmeline Pankhurst was arrested at Plymouth on
her return from the USA.
20/10/1913, Emmeline Pankhurst was released as US President
Wilson reversed her
deportation order.
8/7/1913, Sylvia Pankhurst sentenced to three months in
prison.
14/6/1913, Funeral of Emily Davidson, suffragette, see 4/6/1913.
4/6/1913, Emily Davidson, a suffragette, born 1872, was trampled when she
fell under King
George V�s horse, Anner, at Tattenham Corner in the Derby Races, Epsom.� She died from her inquiries on 8/6/1913, and
her funeral was on 14/6/1913. She intended only to grab the horse�s reins as it
approached the winning post, but her publicity stunt went tragically wrong.
15/5/1913, The Home Secretary
banned public meetings by suffragettes.
7/5/1913. A suffragette bomb
was found in St Paul�s Cathedral.
15/4/1913, The UK Government banned public meetings by suffragettes,
on the grounds of a risk to public order.
3/4/1913. The suffragette Emmeline
Pankhurst was jailed for 3
years for inciting her supporters to place bombs at Lloyd George�s house.
2/3/1913. A mob attacked suffragettes in London's Hyde Park.
25/2/1913. In the UK, suffragette Emmeline
Pankhurst went on trial accused of the bomb explosion at Lloyd Georges house (19/2/1913). Mrs Pankhurst founded the Women�s Social
and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903 to press for voting rights for British
women; women in Australia and New Zealand already had the vote. The WSPU was
adopting increasingly militant tactics.
19/2/1913, A bomb exploded at Lloyd George�s house; nobody was
hurt. On 24/2/1913 Emmeline Pankhurst was arrested in connection
with this incident.
5/2/1913, Sylvia Pankhurst began a hunger strike whilst
in prison.
28/1/1913, Suffragette demonstrations in London following the
withdrawal of a Parliamentary Bill on 27/1/1913 to which an amendment for
women�s suffrage might have been added.
16/11/1912. Suffragettes, who had walked from Edinburgh to
London, presented a petition to the Prime Minister.
28/6/1912, The suffragettes
began a window-smashing campaign at Post Offices and Labour Exchanges.
25/6/1912, Asquith was attacked in the Commons over the force-feeding of suffragettes
on hunger strike in prison.
5/3/1912, British police raided the offices of the Women�s Social and Political Union.
4/3/1912, 96 women were arrested after a suffragette raid on the House of Commons.
1/3/1912, Suffragettes
smashed windows in the West End of
London. Co-ordinated attacks by groups of women with stones or hammers
hidden under their muffs saw a trail of destruction emerge within 20 minutes
from Oxford Street to The Strand and Picadilly;�
two women also threw stones at 10 Downing Street. 120 were arrested,
including Emmeline
Pankhurst. Suffragette militancy had increased after they saw the
Government grant concessions to striking railworkers and miners, after strikes
had escalated into civil disorder.
3/1/1912, The UK Cabinet was divided over votes for
women.�
1911, A Japanese Women�s Liberation Movement was started
by Racho
Hiratsuka.
21/11/1911, Suffragette riots in Whitehall, London.
1/11/1911. The first edition of Woman�s Weekly was published. See 2/11/1903, Daily Mirror as
woman�s newspaper. 17/6/1911. In the UK, 60,000 women demonstrated for women�s suffrage,
marching through London to a meeting at the Albert Hall.
18/11/1910, Black Friday, when 119 suffragettes stormed the House of
Commons. Mrs
Mary Clarke, sister of Emmeline Pankhurst, and Cecelia Wolsey Haig both died as
a result of this incident, The next day Winston Churchill ordered that charges against
100 women from this episode be dropped.
14/11/1910. There were more than 100 arrests when suffragettes
tried to storm the House of Commons.
28/9/1909. London
confirmed that suffragettes
were being force-fed.
29/6/1909. 120 suffragettes
arrested outside the Houses of Parliament, London.
9/2/1909. In London a court ruled that a woman could not have a divorce even if her husband had deserted her.
22/12/1908. In New York, Katie Mulcaney became the first woman arrested
under a new law prohibiting women from
smoking in public.
24/10/1908. The suffragettes Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter Christabel
were jailed.
21/10/1908. Over
London the suffragettes
made the first ever leaflet raid, hiring an airship and throwing out leaflets
demanding �Votes for Women!�.
9/1908, Mr Herbert Elvin of the National
Union of Clerks expressed unease at female clerks who were typically paid �1.00
to �1.50 per week undercutting the wages of male clerks who typically were paid
�1.60 to �3 a week. Much the same argument had been raised by White labourers
in the USA a few decades earlier who opposed the emancipation of slaves,
fearing they would constitute cheaper unskilled labour.
30/6/1908. Suffragettes
attempted to present a petition to the UK Prime Minister. When he refused,
windows at his residence were broken.
21/6/1908, A crowd of
230,000 in Hyde Park demonstrated for votes
for women.
13/6/1908, Suffragettes staged a march from The Embankment to
the Albert Hall.
11/2/1908, Suffragettes attempted to force entry to the House
of Commons.
17/1/1908, Suffragettes raided 10 Downing Street, London,
during a Cabinet meeting.
16/11/1907. Suffragettes shouted down Herbert Asquith, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
at a meeting in Warwickshire. An Act was passed in 1907 allowing women to sit
as councillors, but they still lacked the vote. Despite divisions within
the Women�s Social and Political Union, with some members seeing Mrs Pankhurst as too domineering, the
campaign for female suffrage continued unabated.
10/10/1907,
Demonstrations and strikes in Budapest, Hungary, as Parliament opened there,
demanding universal adult suffrage.
22/3/1907. 75 suffragettes jailed in Britain for refusing to pay
fines.
8/3/1907, Keir Hardie�s Women�s Enfranchisement Bill was defeated in the House of Commons.
13/2/1907, A large
crowd of suffragettes
stormed the Houses of Parliament as they attempted to hand a petition to the
Government. It took a battalion of mounted police five hours to subdue the
demonstration; 57 suffragettes were arrested, including Emmeline and Christine Pankhurst,
but 15 of them did manage to enter the Commons.
25/12/1906, Suffragettes in London�s
Holloway Prison refused Christmas meals
6/11/1906. Sylvia Pankhurst, suffragette, released from prison.
24/10/1906. 11 suffragettes
were jailed for demonstrating in London, after refusing to pay �10 fines, or
even acknowledge the court. Prison achieved
martyrdom for the women.
23/10/1906, Women suffragettes demonstrated in the outer lobby of
the House of Commons. 10 were arrested and charged the following day.
23/6/1906, A deputation demanding votes for women, representing
500,000 women, met the British Prime Minister.
14/6/1906, In the UK, a Parliamentary Bill was proposed to ban women from dangerous sports after a
woman died in a parachuting accident.
17/4/1906. The British
Labour Party called for universal female suffrage.
13/3/1906, Susan B Anthony, American pioneer of women�s suffrage, died aged 86.
14/2/1906, 54 were arrested as suffragettes fought police outside
the British Parliament.
14/12/1905, UK Trade Unions called for universal suffrage, an eight hour
working day, and old age pensions.
14/10/1905. The suffragettes Emmeline Pankhurst and Annie Kenney opted to go to
prison for seven days rather than pay a fine for assaulting a policeman. The
assault was at a political meeting at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester, where
a leading Liberal politician, Sir Edward Grey, was making a speech.
8/8/1905, The Magazine Good House Keeping reported that three
out of every four wives had to beg their husbands for more money; the Daily Mail, progressively, asked men to
consider how they would feel in this situation.
12/5/1905. A Bill to
give British women the right to vote failed; it
was talked out of time. Under Parliamentary rules, a Bill is lost if MPs
are still debating it when the House is due to adjourn.
1904, Death of Raden Adjeng
Kartini, Javanese aristocrat who was one of the first agitators for
equal rights for Indonesian women. Born 1879, she died soon after the birth of
her first child.
2/11/1903. The Daily Mirror was first published in
London, Britain, intended as a daily
paper for women. See 1/11/1911, Woman�s Weekly first published.
19/10/1903, At 62 Nelson Street, Chorlton in Medlock, near Manchester,
the home of Emmeline Pankhurst, the WSPU (Women�s Social and Political Union) was
officially founded; its motto �Deeds not Words, to fight for female suffrage.
In 1987 it became the Pankhurst Centre.
10/10/1903, Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst
formed the Women�s Social and Political Union to fight for female emancipation
in Britain.�Deeds not Words� was the
motto of the new group, after efforts to
persuade some MPs to back Parliamentary reform bore no fruit.
5/5/1902, The Prussian Government banned women�s political
groups.
18/2/1902, In Britain, a petition demanding votes for women was presented to
Parliament by over 37,000 female textile workers.
2/1//1902, Women's
foot-binding was outlawed in China.
1901, The UK Census now showed
212 women doctors, 2 women architects, and a few female clerks and assistants
in the legal, banking and insurance sectors.. However many jobs and professions
remained closed to women.
1900, In Britain the 1899 London Government Act, which had
excluded women from being members of Metropolitan borough Councils, was now
amended to admit them.
3/1900, German women petitioned
the Reichstag to be allowed to attend university and sit State examinations.
31/5/1895, Emily Faithfull died (born 1835), In 1863 she
began publishing a monthly periodical, The Victoria Magazine, campaigning for
the right of women to remunerative employment.
11/6/1891, Barbara Bodichon, who promoted education and
other rights for women, died in Robertsbridge Sussex (born in Watlington,
Norfolk 8/4/1827).
1897, In Britain the National Union of
Women�s Suffrage Societies was set up, an umbrella group of existing
Suffrage Societies with Mrs Millicent Fawcett as President.
1894, In Britain, the Local Government Act gave women the
right to vote in
parish council elections.
2/11/1889, Suffragettes Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were
arrested whilst attempting to vote in the national elections.
4/5/1882, Suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst was born
2/11/1880, The suffragettes
Susan B
Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton attempted to vote in an
election in New Jersey, USA, but were stopped by a polling booth inspector.
22/9/1880, The suffragette Christobel Pankhurst was born, the daughter of
Emmeline.
1870, The Women�s Suffrage Journal was founded by Lydia Ernestine Becker
(1827-1890).
26/11/1867, Mrs Lily Maxwell of Manchester, who had been
placed on the electoral register by mistake, was escorted buy a police
bodyguard to the voting booth to protect her from opponents to women�s suffrage.
9/1/1859, Carrie Chapman, suffragette, was born.
14/7/1858, The suffragette Emmeline
Pankhurst was born in Manchester, as Emmeline Goulden.
1857, Barbara Bodichon, English
campaigner for womnen�s rights, suffrage and education, wrote Women and Work.
1850, In Britain the Factory Act now limited the times of
day that women
and young persons could be employed. They could only� work between 6am and 6pm, with 1 hour break
for meals. In 1853 a new Factory Act
extended the compulsory meal break for children to 1 � hours.
8/6/1847. Britain passed the Factory Act, limiting the working
day of women
and children aged 13 to 18 to ten hours.
See also Child Welfare.
10/3/1847, Kate Sheppard,
suffragist, was born.
1844, The UK Factories Act
prohibited the employment of all women (aged 18 and over), and youths of
both� sexes aged between 13 and 18, from
working more than 12 hours a day in textiles factories
21/1/1840, Sophia Jex-Blake, champion of women�s rights,
was born.
8/4/1827, Barbara Bodichon, who promoted education and
other rights for women, was born in Watlington, Norfolk (died in Robertsbridge
Sussex, 11/6/1891).
10/9/1797, Mary Wollstonecraft, early feminist and author
of Vindication and the Rights of Woman,
died this day.
1792, Mary
Wollstonecraft published �Vindication
of the Rights of Women�, setting out the need for equality of women in
politics and civil life.
27/4/1759, Birth of Mary Wollstonecraft, English writer, political radical
and feminist.
27/6/1693. The
Ladies Mercury, the first magazine for women,
was published.
16/4/1689, Death of Aphra Benn, British novelist and early
feminist.
Women�s Rights and Equality � France
28/11/1909, In France, a law was passed giving pregnant women 8 weeks maternity leave.
6/6/1908. France passed a law decreeing that divorce was automatic after three year�s
separation.
9/1/1908, Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer and
philosopher, was born (died 1986).
1900, In France, the maximum
daily work hours of women and children�
legally limited to 11.
1317, The Salic Law in France prohibited women from
succeeding to the throne.
Women�s Rights and Equality - USA
29/1/1993. The US Census Bureau announced that the number of women in managerial jobs had risen
95% between 1980 and 1990, to 6.2 million.
1972, The first rape crisis
centres were opened in the USA.
1/1970, San Diego College, USA,
put on the world�s first Woman�s Studies
programme. Cornell followed suit in 1970, by 1972 some 78 US HE institutions
offered the subject,� and by 2000 there
were over 700 Women�s Studies departments in the USA alone. The studies raised
the profile of feminism, and of women in academia. Gender Studies, often
incorporating Queer Studies, is the successor to this programme in the 21st
century.
26/8/1970, A National
Women�s Strike caused chaos in New York.
10/6/1963, The USA passed the Equal Pay Act, forcing employers to pay the same rate to men and
women doing the same-skilled job for the same number of hours.
1922, US magazine Vanity Fair coined the term �flapper� for a young woman who abjured
femininity, dressed provocatively, and smoked.
4/2/1921, Betty Friedan was born, as Betty Naomi
Goldstein, in Peoria, Illinois. She was a leading US feminist, and
organised the Women�s Strike for Equality (26/8/1970) to raise awareness of
feminist issues.
8/9/1916, US President Woodrow Wilson promised women the
vote.
7/9/1916, Clara Bewick Colby, US suffragist and founder
of The Woman's Tribune, died.
12/1/1915. The US Congress
defeated a Bill for women's suffrage.
20/10/1914, US birth control promoter Margaret Sanger
was forced to flee to Canada.
3/3/1913, 5,000 US suffragettes marched along Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington
DC. Angrt men jeered and assaulted the women, starting a brawl which took 40
cavalry troops to suppress.
1906, The Physical Director at Harvard University suggested that
sports such as netball, lacross and hockey might be damaging to women�s health;
others believed the same about cycling. The underlying concern, as with women�s
education and women in work, was that
they might bear fewer children, and so provide less people for populating the
areas where White people were colonising, such as the Western USA and the
British Empire.
6/1906, Results of a US census showed that women could now be found
in trades sich as blacksmiths, architects, undertakers, journalisats, barbers
and house-painters. The UK Daily Mail article describing this was entitled �Queer Trades for Women�.
26/10/1902, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American leader of the
women�s suffrage
movement, died aged 86.
30/12/1894, Amelia Bloomer,
American social reformer, campaigner for temperance and women�s rights,
died.
18/10/1893, Lucy Stone, American campaigner for women�s
rights, died.
24/5/1879, William Lloyd Harrison, American campaigner
for abolition of slavery and for women�s suffrage,
died in New York.
8/5/1874, Massachusetts legislated to limit women�s work
days to 10 hours.
1/1/1868, In New York, Susan B Anthony began publication of a suffragist journal
called The Revolution.
19/7/1848. At the first women�s rights convention, at Seneca Falls,
New York State, female rights campaigner Amelia Bloomer, born on 27/5/1818 in New York,
introduced �bloomers� to the world.
She described these as �the lower part of a rational female dress�. The wearing
of trousers by a woman caused much concern. She was campaigning for women�s
equality in voting, religion, marriage, work, education, and society. New
York, in 1848, passed the Married Women�s Property Act allowing divorced women
to keep some of their possessions.
15/2/1820, Susan Anthony, American social reformer and champion of women�s suffrage, was born in Adams,
Massachusetts.
13/8/1818, Lucy Stone, US feminist and reformer, was born
in West Brookfield, Massachusetts.
27/5/1818, Amelia Bloomer, women�s� rights campaigner,
was born in Homer, New York (died 30/12/1894). She designed the loose trousers
for women now known as bloomers.
12/11/1815, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, US women�s rights
campaigner, was born in Johnstown, New York, as Elizabeth Cady.
Appendix 1
� Female enfranchisement (dates by country)
17/5/2005, Kuwaiti women were granted the right to vote.
2003, Omani
women were allowed to vote.
2/2/1986, Women
voted for the first time in Liechtenstein. They were given the vote in
1984.
1974, Women in Jordan
received the vote.
7/2/1971, Swiss men voted in favour of women being
allowed to vote in federal elections and to stand for Parliament. See 1/2/1959.
9/1969, The males of
the Canton of Schaffhausen rejected votes for women.
1964,
Women in Kenya
received the vote.
1/2/1959. Swiss referendum turned
down votes for women.� But see
7/2/1971.
5/5/1958, Women in Tunisia were allowed to vote in municipal
elections for the first time,
1/12/1957, Women in Colombia voted for the first time,
27/2/1956, Women in Egypt received the vote.
1952, Women in Mexico
received the vote.
1950, Women in Costa Rica
received the vote.
1949, Women in China
and India
received the vote
1945, Women in France
and Italy
received the vote.
1945, Women in Japan
received the vote. They voted for the first time on 3/5/1947.
1944, Jamaica gave women the vote.
21/4/1944, In France, women got equal voting rights with
men.
1937, The Philippines gave women the
vote.
1/9/1935. Mexico announced it would give women workers
the vote.
1934, Brazil
gave women the vote.
6/12/1934, Turkey gave universal suffrage to all men and
women over 21. This was part of a general �Westernisation� of the
country.
1932, Women in Spain
and Ceylon
(Sri Lanka)
received
the vote.
24/3/1931, The Japanese House of
Peers, a second time, blocked legislation granting women the right to vote.
19/5/1930. In South Africa, European women were given the
vote. However Black people of either sex were still disenfranchised.
13/11/1923, In Italy, Mussolini introduced a Bill giving women the
vote.
3/6/1923, In Italy, Mussolini approved a Bill giving women the
vote.
1922, Ireland gave women the vote.
1921, Sweden introduced universal suffrage,
with the voting age lowered from 24 to 23.
1920, Canada introduced universal
suffrage, with a voting age of 21.
26/8/1920. Under the 19th
Amendment, women received the vote in the USA.
1919, Women got the vote in� Poland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, and the Weimar
Republic (Germany)
30/11/1919, Women were allowed to vote for the first time in French
elections.
19/9/1919, Women got the vote in� The Netherlands. The first woman to be elected
to Parliament there was in 1946.
4/6/1919, US Congress approved the 19th
Amendment, giving women the right toi vote.
1918, Women in Germany
received the vote. Michigan, South Dakota and Oklahoma gave women the vote.
6/2/1918. Married women in Britain aged over 30 got the
vote, as did all men over 21, under the Representation
of the People Act. See 14/12/1918.
10/1/1918, In Britain the House of Lords approved the Representation of the People
Bill, giving women the vote. In Washington the House of Representatives also voted in favour of suffrage for women.
1917, Russia gave women the vote, as
did Armenia,
Azerbaijan and Estonia.
1917, New York State gave women the
vote.
1915, King Christian X of Denmark
(1870-1947, King 1912-47) signed a new constitution giving women the vote.
23/10/1915, Around 30,000 women marched along 5th
Avenue, New York, demanding the right to vote.
1914, Women gotr equal voting
rights in Iceland.
29/6/1913. Women got equal voting rights with men in Norway.
6/5/1913, In the UK, the House of Commons rejected
a Bill to give women the vote.
5/11/1912, Women gained the vote in the US States of Arizona,
Kansas
and Wisconsin.
1911, Women recieved the vote in
California.
30/4/1911. Women got
the vote in Portugal.
4/4/1911, Massachusetts refused to give women the right to vote.
18/11/1910, Black Friday, when 119 suffragettes stotmed the House of
Commons. Mrs Mary Clarke, sister of Emmeline Pankhurst, and Cecelia Wolsey Haig
both died as a result of this incident, The enxt day Winston Churchill ordered
that charges against 100 women from this episode be dropped.
14/6/1907, Norway
gave women the vote (General Elections).
1/11/1907, The first women councillors were elected in England, in local
elections.
1906, In
Britain, the term �suffragette� was
coined to describe women campaigning for the vote.
7/1906, Hungary introduced a universal suffrage Bill.
7/3/1906. Finland extended suffrage to all tax paying
men and women aged over 24.
28/11/1905. Austria gained universal suffrage.
2/2/1904, Christabel Pankhurst entered the Free Trade
Hall in Manchester where Liberal MP Winston Churchill was due to speak. She
called for an amendment on women�s suffrage, and was ejected.
10/10/1903. Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst formed the Women�s
Social and Political Union to fight for female emancipation in
Britain.�Deeds not Words� was the motto of the new group, after efforts to
persuade some MPs to back Parliamentary reform bore no fruit.
26/9/1903, Connecticut
gave women the vote in State elections.
1902, Women got the vote in Australia.
26/8/21/12/1901. In Norway, women voted for the first time. (municipal
elections).
1895, Women got the vote in South Australia.
28/11/1893, Women first voted in New Zealand, at the General
Election, see 19/9/1893.
19/9/1893. New Zealand became the first country to allow women the vote.
The Women�s Christian Temperance Union
had been pressing for this for 8 years, and had presented three petitions
to the House of Representatives. Each time the number of signatures rose, until
a record 31,872 names swayed the House. Despite an unscrupulous liquor lobby,
the WCTU won and intended to press for women�s votes in other countries.� See 28/11/1893.
1881, Unmarried women with
property got the vote on the Isle of Man.
1870, In the UK, the Women�s Suffrage Journal was founded.
1870, Utah granted full suffrage to
women,
10/12/1869. Wyoming
became the first USA State to grant women the vote
(in local elections).
1867, The National Society for
Women�s Suffrage was cofounded in the UK by Lydia Becker.
1856, Women got the vote on Norfolk Island.
1853, A petition to enfranchise
women was presented to the Massachusetts Government.
1838, Women got the vote on Pitcairn Island.
1755, Women got the vote in the Corsican
Republic,
Appendix 2 -
Family Legal Rights � children, divorce, property (For Abortion and Birth Control see Morals).
2004, Divorce was legalised in Chile.
27/2/1997, Divorce became
legal in Ireland.
See 27/6/1986.
27/11/1995, In Ireland, voters narrowly approved a limited
no-fault provision for divorce, for couples who had lived apart for four of the
previous five years, by a majority of 9,114 out of 1.63 million votes. There
had been a constitutional ban on divorce since 1937.
1991, Colombia legalised divorce.
23/10/1991. The House of
Lords ruled that men could be legally convicted of raping their wives. The
group Women Against Rape had been campaigning for this move since 1977.
19/4/1991. English legal history was made in Winchester when
the first man to be convicted of raping
his wife whilst they were still living together was jailed for 5 years.
27/6/1986, In a referendum, 63% of Irish voters rejected a
proposal to amend the Constitution so as to permit divorce. See 27/2/1997.
1981. Divorce
became legal again in
Spain. See 16/10/1931.
18/12/1970. Divorce became
legal in Italy.
13/6/1969, In the UK,
the Divorce Law Reform Bill received
its third reading. It provided for a divorce after 2 years separation with
mutual consent, or after five years without this consent. �Irretreivable
breakdown� was now acceptable as grounds for ending a marriage, without either party
having to prove �blame�, e.g. adultery.
1968, In Italy,
grounds for divorce on the basis of infidelity were made equal between the two
sexes. Previously, any female infidelity was grounds for divorce, but male
infidelity had to be �open and notorious�.
1963,
Married women in France were now allowed to open their own bank
account without their hussband�s permission.
1962,
Marital rape became a criminal offence in Sweden.
1958,
In Morocco, women gained the right to choose their own husbands, and polygamy
in the country was restricted.
14/12/1954, Divorce was legalised in Argentina.
9/3/1951. In the UK, separation for seven
years was made grounds for divorce.
28/10/1943. The UK Court of Appeal ruled that money saved from
the housekeeping by a wife belonged to the husband.
1938, The property of married
women in France was no longer administered by their husbands; they no longer
required their husband�s permission to work or go to university. French women
were now allowed to testify in a Court of Law.
23/7/1937, In the UK, the Matrimonial Causes Act added new
grounds for divorce (insanity and desertion) to the existing one of adultery.
1933, In Sweden, women were
allowed to practise law.
16/10/1931. Spain legalised divorce. See 1981.
10/3/1929. Egyptian women were granted
limited rights of divorce.
27/8/1927, Emily Gowan Murphy (maiden name Ferguson,
born 14/3/1868 in Cookstown, Ontario), petitioned the Canadian Government to
have women recognised as full legal �persons�. She had been instrumental in
passing the Dower Act (1911),giving
women a share in their husband�s property, and in 1916 Murphy had been appointed as the
first woman magistrate in the British Empire. However on her first day as
magistrate, a lawyer challenged her appointment as illegal as she was not a
�person� under Canadian law. Murphy began a legal battle to overturn this
law, petitioning the Canadian Government this day. On 14/3/1928 the Supreme
Court of Canada decided against Murphy and four other campaigners, Nellie McClung,
Irene Parlby,
Henrrietta
Muir and� Louise McKinney. The�Famous
Five� took their case to the British Privy Council, where they finally won on
18/10/1929. Murphy
died of diabetes in 1933.
1925, In Britain the Married
Women�s Property Act required husband and wife to be treated as separate
persons with regard to property transactions
8/6/1923, In the UK, wives were now allowed to divorce their
husbands for adultery. See 1857.
2/3/1923, In Britain
the Matrimonial Causes Bill, passed by 231 votes to 27, changed the
inequality whereby a man could divorce his wife simply for adultery, but a
woman had to prove cruelty or desertion as well.
1921, Sweden passed the Marriage Act stipulating
that all income and property of a couple had to be pooled equally upon
marriage.
1911, Canada passed the Dower Act, securting
women a share in their husband�s property, see 27/8/1927.
27/11/1910,
Pregnant French women were now legally entitled to 8 weeks leave from work.
1907, Married women in France
were allowed complete control of their wages. Before this date a married woman
coukd not draw a wage but her pay had to go to her husband.
1886,
In Britain the Guardianship of Infants
Act provided for women to be sole guardians of their children if their
husband died.
1884, In Britain, the Married Women�s Property Act
made married women no longer �chattels� of their husband but independent
persons.
1882, In Britain, the Married Women�s Property Act
allowed women to own and administer their own property.
1873, In Britain the
Custody of Infants Act extended
access to children to all divorced or separated women (see 1839).
9/8/1870, In Britain the Married Women�s Property Act was passed. It allowed women to retain
�200 (around �70,000 in 2000 terms) of their own earnings.
1857, In Britain the Matrimonial Causes Act set up divorce
courts, where women could obtain a divorce. A woman who obtained a judicial
separation order or was granted a protection order on grounds of desertion by
the man now had the sdame rights as an unmarried woman respecting property.
However this Act actually made divorce easier for men, as they now did not have
to obtain an expensive Private Act of Parliament. Unlike a man, a woman had to
prove desertion, adultery or �unnatural conduct� to obtain dovorce. Only from
1923 could a woman obtain a dovorce, on grounds of simp,e adultery, as a man
could, see 8/6/1923.
1839, In Britain the
Custody of Infants Act gave mothers
�of unblemished character� access to their children in the event of separation
or divorce. See 1873.
Appendix 3 �� First woman in selected roles
See boxes
below for:-
Aviation
Education
Law
enforcement (Judiciiary, police)
Medical
Military
Newsreading
Political
office
Religion
Space travel
Sports
16/12/1991. In London, Stella Rimington became the first
female to head MI5, and the first director-general to be publically
named.
17/9/1991, Women were admitted to the �Magic Circle� magician�s association.
28/4/1988, Sian Edwards, 28, became the first woman to conduct at the Royal Opera House, Covent
Garden.
3/1984, Brenda Dean
was elected by the 250,000 members of SOGAT to head the trades UNION. She was
the first woman to lead a major trades union.
1982,
First UK woman firefighter.
6/10/1978, The first
woman train driver on the London Underground
began work.
21/8/1976. Mary Langdon, aged 25, joined the East Sussex
Fire Brigade, becoming Britain�s first female firefighter.
26/3/1973. Women were allowed on the floor of the London Stock
Exchange for the first time. Mrs Susan Shaw stepped onto the floor, the
first woman in the 171-year history of the Stock Exchange.
5/4/1971, Mrs Fran Phipps became the first woman to reach the North Pole.
10/12/1964, Dorothy Hodgkin became the first British woman to win a Nobel Prize. She researched the structure of
proteins such as insulin.
1958, Hilda Harding became Britain�s
first female bank manager.
1951, John Lewis appointed its first female Director, Miss MJ Ahern.
17/9/1940. The first women workers on the London Underground
began work, as ticket collectors and porters.
1923, In Britain, the Trades
Union Congress (TUC) elected its first woman Chairman of the General Council,
Miss Margaret
Bondfield.
13/2/1917, Britain introduced new regulations to allow women to be taxi drivers.
20/10/1915, UK Prime Minister Lloyd George allowed women to step into many male
employment roles, three months after 30,000 women marched down Whitehall
demanding �The right to serve�. Trades Unions were concerned in case the move depressed wages.
12/1910, In Britain, the first
woman had qualified as a Chartered Accountant, and another as a Banker.
10/12/1905, Austrian pacifist and writer Bertha von
Suttner became the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
7/10/1904, Isabella Bird Bishop, the first woman to be
admitted to the Royal Geographical Society of London, died today aged 73. A
sickly child, the family doctor advised her to travel and she did, widely,
firstly to the western USA. Her last trip aboard was to Morocco in 1901. She
established missionary hospitals in India and China.
1/9/1878, Emma Nutt became the first woman to work as a telephone
operator, on the exchange at Boston, Massachusetts.
8/12/1660, The first
(unnamed) actress appeared on the English stage.
1317, France adopted the Salic Law, excluding women from the throne.
Aviation
25/3/1992, Barbara Harmer, 39, became the first woman
pilot of Concorde.
18/5/1953, Jacqueline Cochrane, piloting a US F-86 Sabre
plane, became the first woman to fly
faster than sound.
5/1/1941. Amy Johnson disappeared, presumed drowned, in
a mysterious flying accident on a routine flight over the Thames estuary. She was the first woman to fly solo from
England to Australia.
31/12/1934, Helen Richey became the first woman airline
pilot in the USA. She flew Central Airline�s Washington DC to Detroit flight.
21/5/1932. �Amelia Erhart
became the first woman to make a solo
air crossing of the Atlantic. She flew from Harbor Grace in Newfoundland to
Londonderry in Ireland in just under 15 hours.
18/6/1928. American aviator Amelia Earhart became the first
woman to fly the Atlantic. She and her two male companions landed safely in
Wales.
21/6/1913, Georgia Bradwick, in Los Angeles USA, became
the first woman to make a parachute jump.
16/4/1912, The Channel was first flown by a woman, Harriet Quimby.
8/3/1910. The French Baroness de Laroche became the
first woman pilot.
22/10/1906, Elise Deroche became the first woman to fly solo.
Education
11/10/1988, Women were
allowed to study for the first time at Magdalene
College, Cambridge,
UK. Male students wore black armbands and the porter flew a black flag.
8/12/1920 Cambridge
University refused to admit women to
full-time studentships.
7/10/1920, Oxford University admitted its first 100
women, to study for full degrees.� They
had been permitted to sit Oxford examinations before this day.
11/5/1920. Oxford University
agreed to start awarding degrees to
women.
11/3/1921, Queen Mary became the first woman to be awarded an Oxford Degree.
1916, Women were first admitted
to university in Turkey.
1908, German universities began admitting women.
9/3/1900. German women petitioned the Reichstag for the right to attend university.
29/4/1885, Oxford University allowed women to sit its examinations.
17/11/1880, The first three female graduates from London
University received their degrees.
15/1/1878, London University awarded
degrees to women for the first time.
16/10/1869, Girton College, the oldest women�s college in
Cambridge, was opened.
28/9/1865. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was admitted to the register as
the first qualified woman surgeon and physician in Britain.
1854, Cheltenham Ladies College
was founded.
1848, Women were first admitted
to London
University.
25/8/1841, Three women from Oberlin Collegiate
Institute,
Ohio, became the first women in the USA to be awarded degrees.
30/10/1838. Oberlin College,
in Ohio, became the first higher education establishment to admit women on an equal basis with men.
1754, In Germany, the University
of Halle awarded the first medical degree attained by a woman.
Law enforcement
25/11/2015, The first Asian woman to become a High Court Judge
in Britain, Mrs Cheena-Grubb, 49, from Derby, was sworn
in. There were now 22 female High Court Judges, compared with just 10 in 2005.
4/3/1983, Bertha
Wilson was appointed the first woman to sit
on the Supreme Court of Canada.
25/9/1981, Sandra
Day O�Connor became the first woman appointed to
the US Supreme Court.
4/1/1972. Rose
Heilbron became Britain�s first woman judge
at the Old Bailey.
30/9/1965, Elizabeth
Lane was sown in as Britain�s first
female High
Court Judge.
8/10/1962,
Judge Elizabeth
Lane became the first female
judge to sit in the High Court.
27/3/1961. The first women traffic wardens began
ticketing, in Leicester.
5/12/1956, Rose Heilbron
became Britain�s first female judge.
She sat in Burnley, Lancashire.
1945, Charity Taylor became the first UK woman
Prison Governor when she took over at Holloway.
10/5/1922. Dr Ivy Williams
became the first woman to be called to
the English Bar.
9/7/1925, In
Dublin, Oonagh
Keogh, 22, became the first
female member of a stock exchange.
25/5/1921. Miss Olive Clapham qualified as Britain�s
first woman barrister.
25/1/1921, Six women were sworn in as jurors in a
divorce trial, the first women to serve in this type of case.
7/1/1921. The first woman was elected as foreman of a
jury in Britain. This was in Dudley, Birmingham.
30/12/1919, In London, the first female bar student was
admitted to Lincoln�s Inn.
22/11/1918, In London, 100 women police officers
went on street patrol for the first time.
1916, Women magistrates
were first appointed in Canada,
1915, Women magistrates
were first appointed in Australia.
27/11/1914, Britain�s first policewoman
went on duty, on completion of her training, in Grantham, Lincolnshire.
26/5/1913. Miss Emily Duncan became Britain�s first woman
magistrate. She was appointed a Justice of the
Peace in West Ham, London.
12/9/1910. The world�s first policewoman,
Alice
Stebbins Wells, formerly a social worker, joined the Los Angeles
Police.
14/11/1900, France approved the admission of women to
practice at the Bar.
Medical
17/12/1917. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Britain�s first
woman doctor, died.
14/12/1911. Miss Eleanor Davies Colley, MB London,
became the first
woman to be admitted to the Royal College of Surgeons.
31/5/1910.
Elizabeth Blackwell, English-born American doctor, the first woman to gain an MD degree in
1849, from Geneva College, New York State, died. Despite hostility during her
education and career, she succeeded in opening up the field of medicine to
women. She retired to Hastings, UK, where she died.
15/10/1908, The Royal College of Surgeons decided to
allow women to obtain the Licence in Dental Surgery.
1876, British medical colleges opened to women.
1872, London School of Medicine for Women opened.
23/1/1849. English-born Elizabeth Blackwell graduated from a New York medical school to
become the first female doctor.
9/6/1836, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, physician who had
to study privately because of her sex, and then did much to facilitate women�s entry into the medical
profession, was born.
3/2/1821, Elizabeth Blackwell, first English woman doctor, was born.
Military
17/9/1976. The first
female cadets were admitted to Dartmouth Naval College, UK.
11/6/1970, Annie Mae Hays
and Elizabeth
P Hoisington became the first female US Army Generals.
3/12/1948,
Colonel Mary
Agnes Hallaren became the first female officer in the US Army.
6/8/1925, Loretta
Perfectus Walsh, first
active-duty woman to serve in the United States Navy,
died aged 29 of tuberculosis.
8/1/1918, Recruiting began in Britain for the WRNS;
the Women�s Royal Naval Service.
28/3/1917. The first women�s service unit, the Women�s
Army Auxiliary Corps, was formed.
27/6/1916,� King George V
confirmed that women were eligible to receive the Military Medal.
Newsreading
13/2/1978. In the UK, Anna Ford became ITN�s first woman newscaster. See
1/1948.
22/6/1960. Nan Winton became the first woman to read the
national news on BBC television.
1/1948, The BBC stated that all 8 of its newsreaders would
be men because �people do not like momentous events such as war and disaster to
be read by the female voice�. In 1976 Angela Rippon became the first woman newsreader on BBC TV.
See 13/2/1978.
31/8/1936.
Elizabeth
Cowell, Britain�s
first woman TV announcer, made her debut at Alexandra Palace.
18/5/1936, Jasmine Bligh
and Elizabeth
Cowell became the BBC�s first
women announcers.
28/8/1933,
The first female BBC woman announcer, Sheila Borrett, began work.
Political
Office
22/1/1997,
Madeleine
Albright became the first
female US Secretary of State after
confirmation of her appointment by the US Senate.
13/6/1993. Tansu Ciller became Turkey�s first woman president.
27/4/1992, Betty Boothroyd became the first woman Speaker
in the House of Commons.
16/5/1991,
Edith Cresson,
aged 57, became France�s first woman Prime Minister.
11/1990, Mary Robinson, campaigner for women�s rights and pro-contraception, became the first
female President of the Republic of Ireland.
12/2/1990, Dr Carmen Lawrence became Premiere of Western
Australia, the first woman Premiere of an Australian State.
11/1988, Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan
became the first woman elected to lead an Islamic country.
6/1987, In the British General
Election, in which the UK�s first female Prime Minister, Mrs Thatcher, won a record 3rd
term, there were now a record 41 women MPs.But this was still just 6% of total
MPs.
12/7/1984, In the USA, G Ferraro
became the first woman to run for Vice
President.
7/1984, In the USA, as women
became influential within the Democratic Party, Walter Mondale selected Geraldine
Ferraro as his running mate. She was the first woman to be appointed
to this position.
12/11/1983, The Lord Mayor�s show in London featured
the first woman Mayor, Dame Mary
Donaldson. She had been appointed in May 1983, the first woman Mayor
since the Office was created in 1192.
1981, In Britain the House of Lords got its first woman
leader, Baroness
Young.
1/2/1981, Norway elected its first woman Prime Minister,
Gro Harlem
Brundtland.
6/1980, Vigdis Finnbogadottir became Iceland�s
first woman President.
1/8/1979, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother was installed as Lord Warden
of the Cinque Ports, the first woman to hold this office.�
7/1979, Portugal elected its first woman Prime
Minister, Maria Pintassilgo.
5/1979, Mrs Thatcher became Brtiain�s first woman Prime
Minister.
4/12/1978, Dianne Feinstein became San Francisco�s first woman mayor,
following the murder of mayor George Moscone. She served until 8/1/1988.
2/5/1964,
Nancy, Lady Astor, the first woman to sit in the House of Commons
in 1919, died aged 84.
21/7/1960. Sirimavo
Bandarainake became the world�s
first woman Prime Minister, of Ceylon (Sri
Lanka). This followed the assassination of her husband, Solomon, the
former Prime Minister.
21/10/1958, Women took seats in the UK House of Lords
for the first time.
30/10/1957,
Women entered the House of Lords for the
first time, as a new category of �life peers� was created. Previously, only
male bearers of hereditary titles could become peers.
26/8/1935, Geraldine A Ferraro, first woman to be nominated for Vice Presidency of the US (with
Walter Mondale, Democrats, in 1984) was born.
10/6/1929. Margaret Bondfield became the first British
woman Cabinet Minister when she was appointed Minister of Labour.
5/1/1925. Mrs Nellie Taylor Ross became governor of Wyoming,
the first woman Governor in the USA. This followed the death of her husband.
1924, Denmark became the first
country to appoint a woman to the Cabinet. Nina Bang became Minister for Education, until
1928.
4/11/1924. Texas elected its first woman state governor.
7/10/1922, The first woman senator was sworn in in the
USA.
24/2/1920. Viscountess Lady Astor became the first woman
to speak in the British Parliament. Her husband, Conservative MP Waldorf Astor,
succeeded her father as Viscount Astor in 1932 and moved to the House of Lords;
she won his seat in a by-election 2 months ago. This day she spoke in
opposition to a move to abolish the Liquor Control Board.
1919, Women were allowed to work
as government clerks in France.
28/11/1919. Viscountess (Nancy) Astor became Britain�s first woman MP. She took her
seat in the House of Commons on 1/12/1919, elected by a substantial majority.
She won the seat of Plymouth Sutton in a by-election caused by the elevation of
her husband to the peerage. She retired from Parliament in 1945. However see 28/12/1918.
28/12/1918, Constance Markievicz, became, technically, the first woman MP in the British and Irish
Parliament. This day she was elected MP for Dublin St Patricks
consitutuency, as a Sinn� Fein MP.
However Sinn Fein has a policy of sbataining from the British Parliament, so
she never took her seat. See 28/11/1919.
23/10/1918, The House of Commons voted to allow women
MPs, by a margin of 274 to 25 votes.
7/11/1916. Janet Rankin became the first woman member of
the US Congress.
17/3/1911. In Norway,
Anna
Rogstadt took her place as the country�s
first woman MP.
9/11/1908. Britain�s
first woman Mayor, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, was elected, at Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
1907, In Britain, women could now become councillors.
25/5/1907. In
Finland, the world�s first Parliament with women members opened.
15/3/1907. The Finns
elected their first woman MP; in Britain, women still had not got the vote.
4/4/1887, Susanna Salter became the world�s first woman
mayor. She was elected at Argona, Kansas.
19/5/1879, Lady Astor, first woman to sit in the House of Lords, was
born.
4/2/1868, Birth of Constance
Markievicz, Irish Republican
and first woman elected to the UK House of Commons.
Religion
25/9/1988, In the
USA, Barbara
Harris, a divorcee, was elected first
woman bishop in the Anglican Church, to
serve as Bishop of Massachusetts (inaugurated 11/2/1989).
3/6/1972,
In Cincinnati, Sally
Priesand was inaugurated as the first
woman rabbi.
5/11/1921, Reverend Antoinette Brown Blackwell, the first
woman ordained as a pastor, was born.
1919, In Britain the Sex Disqualification Removal Act opened
all professions to women except the Church.
Space
Travel
3/2/1995,
Air Force Lt. Col. Eileen Collins became the first female space
shuttle pilot, as Discovery took off from Cape Kennedy, Florida,
11/10/1984, Kathryn D
Sullivan became the first woman to walk in space, from the Space
Shuttle Challenger.
29/7/1984, Svetlana Savitskaya, first woman to walk in space, returned
to earth, from the Salyut-7 space station.
18/6/1983, Sally Ride became the first woman in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, with four male satronauts.
Sports
5/6/1988, Kay Cottee sailed into Sydney harbour, the first woman to sail solo round the
world non-stop.
4/4/1981. Oxford won the boat race with the first ever lady cox, Sue Brown.
1977, In Britain, the Jockey Club accepted women members for
the first time since it was founded in 1751 It�s all �male culture had
previously persisted despite having the
patronage of Queen Elizabeth II and Queen Mother.
18/5/1975, Japanese
climber Junko Tabei became the first
woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
28/7/1966, Florence Nagle, 70,� became the first woman racecourse trainer.
28/12/1934, First women�s cricket test match
held,in Australia.
19/7/1930, The King�s Prize at Bisley was first won by
a woman.
3/10/1926, At Chiswick, London, Violet Percy became the first
woman to run a marathon. She took 3 hours 40 minutes.
6/8/1926, American Gertrude Ederle
became the first woman to swim the
English Channel. It took her 14 hours 30 minutes to complete the crossing.
14/5/1900. Second Olympic Games began in Paris. Women were now allowed to compete. They
had been barred in 1896.
13/6/1893, The first
women�s golf championship was held, at Britain�s Royal Lytham course.
3/10/1811, The first women�s county cricket match, Hampshire vs. Surrey, was played at
Newington.
9/1/1811, The first women�s golf tournament took place, in Scotland.
25/8/1804, Alicia Meynell
became the first known female horse jockey.
26/7/1745.
The first recorded women�s cricket
match took place at Gosden Common near Guildford. Hambledon
Village played nearby Bramley.