Chronography of Scotland pre Act of Union 1707
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pre-1901
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February 1901 - present
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2023
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See also Royal Family Britain from 1760
1
May 1707. Act
of Union between England and Scotland. The Union of the English and
Scottish crowns was on 24 March 1603, when James
VI of Scotland also became
King of England. Scotland failed economically, and England put pressure for
Union on the Scottish Parliament. Scottish aristocrats were offered
compensation and voted for Union. Coinage,
taxation, sovereignty, and parliament became one, but Scotland retained its own
legal and religious system. The Union Jack was adopted as the National Flag.
1696-8, Major famine in Scotland.
9
May 1695,
The Scottish Parliament met to discuss the Glencoe Massacre.
4
October 1694,
Lord George
Murray, Scottish Jacobite, was born (died 11 October 1760).
21
August 1689,
In Scotland, Covenanter Forces of the National Covenant (Proetstant) defeated
Jacobite supporters of the former King James II at Dunkeld.
11
January 1688,
James
Gardiner, Scottish soldier, was born (fell at Prestonpans 21
September 1745).
10
November 1685,
Duncan
Forbes, Scottish statesman, was born (died 10 December 1747).
18
March 1685,
Ralph
Erskine, Scottish divine, was born (died 6 November 1752).
27
July 1681, Donald Cargill,
Scottish Covenanter, born 1610, was executed.
17
March 1676,
Thomas
Boston, Scottish cleric, was born in Duns (died 20 May 1732).
15
September 1662,
James Renwick, Scottish Covenanter, was born in Dumfriesshire (executed 17
February 1688).
5
August 1662,
James
Anderson, Scottish historian, was born in Edinburgh (died 3 April 1728).
1
January 1651,
King Charles
II was crowned in Scotland, at Scone Abbey.
11
February 1649,
William
Carstairs, Scottish statesman, was born (died 28 December 1715).
3
October 1637,
George
Aberdeen, Scottish lawyer and statesman (died 20 April 1720) was
born.
14
December 1634,
John Erskine,
7th Earl of Mar, Scotland, died.
18
June 1633, King Charles I
of England finally visited Scotland and was crowned King there, at Holyrood
Abbey.
16 July 1631, Francis Erroll, Scottish nobleman, died.
27 August 1618, The General Assembly of the Church of
Scotland accepted Episcopalianism with the approval of the Five Articles of
Religion.
23
March 1618,
James
Hamilton Abercorn, Sheriff of Linlithgow (born ca. 1575), died.
12 December 1600, John Craig, Scottish reformer, died.
1 January 1600, Scotland
adopted 1st January as New Year�s Day.
10 December 1599, The
Assembly of the Convention of States at Edinburgh.
17 May 1590, Coronation of Anne, wife of King James VI of Scotland, at
Holyrood Abbey.
3 January 1590, Robert Boyd, Scottish statesman, died.
26 January 1583, John Herries, Scottish politician, died.
2 June 1581, James Douglas 4th Earl of Morton, Scottish
statesman, was executed.
Mary Queen
of Scots; rivalry with James VI for throne of Scotland; James VI wins, becomes
James I of Eng;land also. Union of Scotland and England
12 April 1606, The Union Jack was
adopted as the flag of England, Wales, and Scotland.
27 March 1603, King James VI of Scotland halted in Berwick, on his way to also
become King James I of England. He attended a church service at Berwick to
�give thanks for his peaceful entry into his new dominions. He attempted,
unsuccessfully, to ban the use of the word �borders� and replace it by �middle
shires�. However frontier fortresses in
both England and Scotland were dismantled and their garrisons reduced to
nominal strength. James I� left
Berwick on 5 April 1603, and entered London on 7 May 1603.
31 May 1571, Thomas Crawford, acting for the young King James VI,
captured Dumbarton Castle.
16 May 1568, Mary Queen of Scots escaped from
Loch Leven Castle. She had been imprisoned there on 16 June 1567. She
sailed from Point Mary, crossing the Firth of Forth to begin her exile in
England.
29 July 1567, James VI,
then 12 months old, was crowned King at
Stirling.
24 July 1567, Mary Queen of
Scots abdicated, after being defeated by Protestants at Carberry Hill.
15 May 1567, Mary Queen of
Scots was married to the Earl of Bothwell.
9 February 1567, Lord Darnley,
second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and father of James IV
of Scotland and I of England, was murdered at his house near Edinburgh.
19 June 1566. James VI of Scotland, later James I of England, the first Stuart King, was
born in Edinburgh Castle.� He was the
only son of Mary,
Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley.
9 March 1566, Lord Darnley
killed the secretary of Mary Queen of Scots, David Riccio (born 1531?). Mary I,
six months pregnant with the future James VI of Scotland, witnessed the murder. Mary
had romantic feelings for Riccio, and the nobility feared the rising
influence of Riccio
upon the royal court.
29 July 1565. Mary Queen of Scots married her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in the Old Abbey
Chapel at Holyrood, Edinburgh.
19 August 1561, Mary Queen of
Scots returned from France. She arrived at Leith, near Edinburgh, in thick fog; this may
have saved her life, because her half-brother, James Stuart Earl of Moray,
wanted to rule Scotland and was waiting for her in English ships.
6 July 1560, The
Treaty of Edinburgh was signed.
This ended French interference in Scottish affairs. French troops in Scotland
had tried to support Mary Queen of Scots claim to the throne.
9 September 1543, Mary Queen of
Scots was crowned at age 9 months. Her father James V had died when
she was 1 week old. She was beheaded at age 44.
14 December 1542, James V,
King of Scotland, died,
aged 30. He was succeeded by his baby daughter, Mary Queen of Scots.
7 December 1542, Mary Queen of
Scots, cousin of Queen Elizabeth I, was born in Llinlithgow
Palace, daughter of King James V of Scotland.
11 June 1560, Mary of Lorraine, Regent of Scotland, died (born
22 November 1515).
10
September 1547. The English won a major victory over
the Scots at Pinkie.
1
August 1545,
Andrew
Melville, Scottish religious reformer, was born.
25 February 1545, The English were defeated by the Scots at Ancrum Moor. See 24
November 1542. In September 1545 the English again invaded Scotland.
24 November 1542. The
English defeated the Scots at Solway Moss as Henry VIII fought to gain control of Scotland. On 1 July 1543 England
and Scotland signed the Peace of
Greenwich, but this was repudiated by the Scottish Parliament on 11
December 1543. England invaded Scotland again in 1544, pillaging Edinburgh, but
failed to gain a surrender from Scotland. See 25 February 1545.
18 October 1541, Margaret, Queen of Scotland, died.
22 February 1540, Coronation of Queen Mary, second wife of King James V
of Scotland.
29 February 1528, Patrick Hamilton, Scottish martyr, was burnt at the stake.
11 March 1521, Andrew Forman, Scottish ecclesiastic, died.
22 November 1515, Mary of Lorraine, Regent of Scotland, was born
(died 11 June 1560).
21 September 1513, Coronation of King James V of Scotland. He was
then less than 18 months old.
9 September 1513. Battle
of Flodden Field, at Branxton, Northumberland. The Scots were defeated by
the English, under Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, and James IV
of Scotland was killed. James IV had abandoned his alliance with Henry VIII and
attempted an invasion of England. Margaret, the sister of King Henry VIII, became regent
for her one year old son, James V.
10 April 1512, James V, King of Scotland, born.
8 August 1503, The
marriage of King James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII, took place at Holyrod Palace,
Edinburgh.
28 May 1503, The
Treaty of Everlasting Peace between Scotland and England was signed; peace
actually lasted ten years.
21 December 1491, A
five-year truce between England and Scotland was declared at Coldstream.
29 November 1489, Margaret Queen of Scotland was born (died 18
October 1541).
26 June 1488, Coronation of King James IV of Scotland, at Scone Abbey.
11 June 1488, James III, King of Scotland, was assassinated.� He was succeeded by his son, James IV.
21 September 1484, Treaty of Nottingham: Three-year truce between the kingdoms of England
and Scotland signed.
14 April 1480, Thomas de Spens, Scottish statesman, died in
Edinburgh.
17 March 1473, James IV, King of Scotland, was born.
20 February 1472, Orkney and
Shetland were returned by Norway to Scotland, due to a defaulted dowry payment. King Christiaan of Norway and
Denmark wanted to form an alliance with Scotland by marrying his daughter Margaret
to James III.
However Christiaan
lacked money for a dowry, so Orkney and Shetland were temporarily handed over
in lieu. The dowry was never paid so these islands became part of Scotland.
22 November 1469, Sir Alexander Boyd, Scottish statesman, was
beheaded.
10 August 1460, King James III of Scotland, then aged just 9,
was crowned King at Kelso Abbey. This was at the siege of Roxburgh Castle,
which was subsequently captured by the Scots.
3
August 1460,
James II, King of Scotland,
killed during the siege of Roxburgh Castle by the English.
10
July 1451, James III,
King of Scotland, was born (died 11 June 1488).
3
July 1449,
Coronation of Mary,
wife of King
James II of Scotland, at Holyrood Abbey.
7
May 1449, Alexander II,
Lord of the Isles, died.
25
March 1437,
Coronation of King
James II of Scotland at Holyrood Abbey.
20 February 1437, James I, King of Scotland, aged 42, was assassinated by a group of dissident
nobles led by Sir
Robert Graham, who wanted a rival on the Scottish throne. James
had become King in 1424, executing many
of the nobility to establish control. James was staying at the Dominican
Friary at Perth when murdered.
16 October 1430, James II, King of Scotland, was born.
21 May 1424, Coronation of King James I of Scotland and Queen Joan
at Scone Abbey. James
I had been held captive in England since he was declared King of
Scotland 18 years earlier.
14 August 1390, Coronation of King Robert III of Scotland, and
Queen
Annabella, at Scone.
13 May 1390, Scotland�s first
Stuart King, Robert
II, died aged 74. His legitimised 50-year-old son succeeded him as King Robert III,
and ruled until 1424.
19 April 1390, Robert II, King of Scotland 1371-90, died at
Dundonald, Ayrshire.
10 December 1394, King James I of Scotland was born.
10 August 1388, The Battle of Otterburn. A Scottish raiding
party led by the Earls of Douglas, March and Moray was confronted by the English at
Redesdale, Northumberland. The Scots won, and the English leader, Hotspur,
was captured.
26 March 1371, Robert II was crowned King of Scotland at
Scone Abbey.
King David
II
22 February 1371, King David II of Scotland died; Robert II succeeded him, as the first Stuart King of Scotland.
31 March 1342, Easter Sunday. The
Scottish captured Roxburgh, decisively expelling the English from Scotland.
6 June 1341, The English were expelled from Edinburgh,
Scotland. Scottish King David II returned from France.
19 July 1333, The Battle of Halidon Hill.
Edward III
defeated Sir
Archibald Douglas, during the last of the Wars of Scottish Independence. The English victory secured
for England the strategic town of Berwick on Tweed, and the English also learnt
valuable lessons in the use of infantry, which would prove useful in later
European wars.
12 June 1333, Edward Balliol recognised King Edward III
of England as overlord and ceded Berwick on Tweed and 8 southern counties of
Scotland to him.
8 June 1333, King Edward III seized the Isle of Man from
Scotland.
May 1333, King David II of Scotland fled to France as a
guest of King
Philip VI.
12 December 1332, Balliol fled to England after
his defeat at Annan by the Earl of Moray.
24 September 1332, Edward Balliol was crowned King
of Scotland at Scone.
12 August 1332, Edward Balliol (1283-1364, the elder son of John Balliol), having landed at
Kinghorn, Fife, made a surprise attack on the Scottish Army at Duplin Moor. Balliol
was leading an army of 3,400 soldiers fighting for the �disniherited Barons�. Balliol
routed the Scots under the Regent, the Earl of Mar, and was crowned King of Scotland
on 24 September 1332 at Scone. However in December 1332 Balliol himself fell victim to a
surprise counter attack at Annan and fled across into England on an unsaddled
horse. Further attempts by Balliol to gain the Scottish throne in 1334
and 1335 were unsuccessful and in 1356 he formally renounced his claim in
favour of King
Edward III. Balliol died without heirs.
24 November 1331, King David II of Scotland was
crowned at Scone, with Joan as Queen.
7 June 1329. Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland from 1306, died aged 54 of
leprosy at Cardross Castle on the Firth of Clyde. He was buried at Dunfermline
Abbey under the High Altar. He was succeeded by his 5-year-old son who
ruled as David
II until 1371 (see also 12 August 1332).
12 July 1328, Marriage of Bruce�s
son David
to Joanna,
daughter of Edward
II of England (see 1323).
5 March 1324, King David II of Scotland was
born, son of Robert
the Bruce.(died 22 February 1371).
Scottish fight for independence
from England, 1286-1323
17 March 1328, King Edward III
of England recognised Robert I (The Bruce) as King of Scotland,
ending the Scottish War of Independence.
1323, The Treaty of
Northampton confirmed Robert the Bruce as King of Scotland, and provided
for the marriage of Bruce�s son David to Joanna, daughter of King Edward II of England.
6 April 1320, The Scots
reaffirmed their independence by signing the Declaration of
Arbroath. The Pope did not recognise Robert The Bruce as legitimate
King of Scotland, and Pope John XXII had demanded that Scotland make
peace with England, However the Scottish barons, with the support of the Church
in Scotland, asserted under this Declaration the identity of Scotland as a
separate nation with its �uninterrupted
succession of 113 Kings, all our native and royal stock�. The Declaration also
noted the injuries caused by English incursions into Scotland. Since then this
has been a key document for those campaigning for Scottish independence.
20 September 1319, King Edward II
of England abandoned his siege of Scottish-held Berwick on Tweed.
1 April 1318, Berwick-upon-Tweed was retaken by the
Scottish from the English.
24 June 1314. English
forces under Edward II suffered a major
defeat at Bannockburn by the Scots. Robert The
Bruce was confirmed in power in Scotland. See 21 September 1327. By
the time the Battle of Bannockburn was fought, Scotland had been almost cleared
of English troops, with the exception of Stirling Castle. Here the governor, Alexander
Mowbray, had promised to surrender if not relieved by St John the
Baptist�s Day.� Edward II collected a huge army for the relief
of Stirling, and Robert the Bruce assembled his smaller force at Torwood, 4
miles north-west of Falkirk. At the Battle, on the Bannock Burn, the superior
numbers of the English cavalry were hampered by the cramped site of the battle;
the rear ranks of the English could not reach the fighting, but hampered the
retreat of those in front under Robert�s attacks. Robert then led his reserves
in to complete the rout of the English. Many English, uninjured in the battle,
perished in the Bannock Burn and the marshes beyond. Edward II, seeking refuge in Stirling Castle, was refused
on account of its imminent surrender; he escaped by a roundabout route via
Dunbar back to England.
13 January 1313, The Scots
expelled the English garrison from Perth.
8 November 1308, Duns Scotus,
Scottish theologian, born ca. 1266, died in Cologne, Germany.
10 May 1307, Battle of Loudon Hill, War of Scottish
Independence.� Robert the Bruce and his
spearmen defeated the cavalry of the Earl of Pembroke.
25 December 1306, Robert the
Bruce reconsolidated his power in Scotland and defeated his rival, John Comyn
Earl of Buchanan, this day.
25 March 1306. Robert The
Bruce, Eight Earl of Carrick, was crowned King of Scotland (Robert I) at Scone. See 21 June 1314.
23 August 1305, William Wallace, Scottish patriot, was hanged in
London, see 5 August 1305.
5 August 1305. Sir William Wallace, leader of the
Scots, campaigner for their independence from the English, was captured by the
English and later executed.
20 July 1304, Fall of
Stirling Castle: Edward I of England took the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence.
24 July 1298. The
English under King
Edward I used longbows for the first time when they defeated
the Scots under William
Wallace at the battle of Falkirk.
11 September 1297. Scottish
hero William
Wallace defeated an
English army of over 50,000 men under Edward I at Stirling Bridge. William Wallace was a minor noble from
Elderslie and one of the few to take on Edward when he assumed the overlordship of
Scotland. He realised that the neck of land between the rivers Forth and Clyde
at Stirling was narrow enough to create a tactical advantage for the Scottish
defenders. Wallace�s
men stood at the slopes of the Abbey Craig, in front of a narrow bridge across
the Forth, wide enough for only two horsemen abreast. As the English drew up, Wallace�s
men charged them before they could get into battle position. The narrow bridge then collapsed,
drowning many English.
27 April 1296. English
defeated the Scots at the Battle of
Dunbar.
30 March 1296, Capture of Berwick: King Edward I
of England captured Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what was at this
time a Scottish border town with much bloodshed. He slaughtered most residents,
including those who fled to the churches.
10 February
1296, King Edward I of England forced John Balliol
(1250-1313), King of Scotland (see
17 November 1792) to surrender his Crown. Although John had started out his reign
as a vassal and ally of Edward, by 1295 a council of Scottish Lords
had taken power from John and started making alliances with France,
which was then at war with England. John was imprisoned for three years, first on
Hertford and then in the Tower of London. In 1302 John was permitted to retire to
his estates in Normandy.
30 November
1292, Coronation of John Balliol as King of Scotland at Scone
Abbey.
23 October 1295, The first
treaty forming the Auld Alliance
between Scotland and France against England was signed in Paris.
17 November
1292, John Balliol, aged 43, was selected by King Edward I
of England as King of Scotland from among 13 candidates; Edward then treated John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal
state, eventually provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in
1296.
26
September 1290, Queen Margaret of Scotland, aged 7, reached
the Orkneys where she died under mysterious circumstances. She had been betrothed
to the English Edward, aged 6, and her
death now left Scotland without a monarch.
19 March 1286, Accession
of Margaret,
Maid of Norway, as Queen of Scotland.
29 February
1288, It became legal in Scotland for women to propose to men,
but only on 29th February leap days.
16 March 1286. Death of King Alexander
III of Scotland, killed by
a fall from his horse whilst riding in the dark to visit the Queen at Kinghorn,
with only Yolande
of Dreux, Queen of Scotland's unborn child and 3-year-old Margaret, Maid
of Norway as heirs; this sets
the stage for the First War of Scottish Independence and increased influence of England over
Scotland.. Alexander
III was born in 1241 and became king in 1249 aged eight. See 8 July 1249.
He laid a formal claim against King Haakon of Norway for sovereignty
of the Hebrides, settled by Scandinavians since the ninth century. King Haakon
responded by sending a large naval fleet in 1263. Haakon�s fleet halted off
Arran, where Alexander
III stalled negotiations until the autumn storms should begin. Haakon
finally attacked only to encounter a severe storm; the Battle of Largs on 12 October 1263
was indecisive but left Haakon in a hopeless position. He turned back
to Norway but died on the way.
1 November 1285, Marriage
of Yolande,
daughter of Robert
Count of Dreux to King Alexander III of Scotland.
Scottish fight for independence
from England, 1286-1320
Norwegians ousted from Scotland
8 October 1275, Battle of
Ronaldsway: Scottish forces
defeated the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing
Scottish rule of the island.
11 July 1274. Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, who defeated the English at Bannockburn,
was born at Turnberry, Ayrshire.
He was raised at Turnberry Castle amid the political upheavals of the 13th
century; he was created Earl of Carrick in 1296. He supported the Scots against
the English, hoping to secure the kingship of Scotland. However he saw Edward I
proclaim himself king of Scotland, and defeat William Wallace. Initially Bruce
joined with John
Comyn against the English but later sided with the English to obtain
the Scottish throne. He murdered Comyn, and there was a price on his head for
doing this. However Bruce now used force, not politics, to obtain
his goals; this paid off and he was crowned King at Scone in 1306, having been
granted absolution by Bishop Wishart. Bruce managed to unite the
Scottish clans to defeat the English at
Bannockburn in 1314.
2 July 1266, The Treaty
of Perth was signed, between King Magnus �the lawmaker� of Norway and King Alexander
III of Scotland. Norway sold to Scotland the ownership of the Isle
of Man (Sodor, or Southern Island) and the Western Isles, although Norway
retained the Orkney and Shetland Islands. This treaty was a result of the Battle of Largs
(2 October .1263).
2 October 1263, The Battle of Largs. Fought at Largs on the Clyde
between Norwegian forces under King Haakon and Scottish levies under King Alexander III. Haakon wanted to put on a show of strength to
demonstrate continued Norwegian power over the Western Isles (see 2 July 1266).
However Alexander III�s 1500 Scots defeated the Norwegians. A barefoot Norwegian footsoldier
attempting a surprise attack on the Scottish camp by night trod on a thistle and cried out in pain, alerting
the Scottish camp. In memory of this
event the Scots adopted the thistle as their national emblem.
26 December 1251, Marriage of Margaret, daughter of King Henry III of England, to King Alexander
III of Scotland.
13 July 1249, Coronation of King Alexander III of Scotland at Scone Abbey.
King Alexander II
8 July 1249. Death of King Alexander II of Scotland. He was born in 1198, and
succeeded William
the Lion to the Scottish throne in 1214. He joined the English
barons in their struggle against King John, marched into England, and
besieged Norham Castle in 1215. In 1217 he again invaded England but then made
peace with King Henry
III, marrying his sister Joanna in 1221. Alexander captured Argyll from the Norwegians, and was on
an expedition to capture the Western Isles also from Norway when he died at
Kerrera. See 16 March 1285.
4 September 1241, King Alexander III (The
Glorious) of Scotland was born (acceded 1249, died 1286).
15 May 1239, King Alexander II of Scotland married Mary de Courcy of Picardy; she
survived him to act as Regent for her son.
25 September 1237, The Treaty of York fixed the
border between England and Scotland. The Treaty confirmed English control over
Northumberland, Westmoreland and Cumberland, with the border almost in its
current position.
18 June 1221, Marriage
of Joan,
daughter of King
John of England, to King Alexander II of Scotland. They had no
children.
6 December 1214,
Coronation of King
Alexander II of Scotland.
4 December 1214, William the
Lion of Scotland died aged 71, after a 49-year reign. He was
succeded by his 16-year-old son who reigned until 1249 as Alexander II .
5 September
1186, Marriage of Ermengarde (died 1234) to King William the Lion of
Scotland.
24 December
1165, Coronation of William the Lion of Scotland at Scone Abbey.
30 May 1249, Assassination of Ragnald II,
King of Man.
6 May 1249, Accession of King Ragnald II of Man. However
the kingship was in dispute and he was assassinated soon afterwards.
10 November 1187, Death of King Godred the Black, King of
the Scottish Isles and Man.
King Malcolm IV
9 December 1165, Malcolm IV,
King of Scotland, died aged 24. He was succeeded by his 22-year-old brother, William the
Lion, who ruled until 1214.
1164, Death of Somerled, Viking King of the Kingdom of the Isles. His
name means �summer traveller�.
20 August 1158,
Assassination of Ragnald III, Earl of Orkney.
21 December 1156,
Assassination of Erlend III, Earl of Orkney.
24 May 1153, King David I
(The Saint) of Scotland, died in Carlisle (born ca. 1084, acceded
4/1124). Accession his grandson, King Malcolm IV (The Maiden). who never
married, and ruled until late 1165.
1135, King David of Scotland expelled the Norwegians
(Vikings) from Arran and Bute.
27 November 1124. Death of King Alexander
I of Scotland.. He was born in ca.1078. He founded many abbeys
and bishoprics, among them Incholm and
Scone.
16 April 1117, Execution
of Magnus I
(Saint Magnus), Earl of Orkney.
King Edgar
8 January 1107, King Edgar of
Scotland died after a 10-year reign and was succeeded by his brother
Alexander I,
who ruled for 17 years.
1097, Edgar was proclaimed King of Scotland, ruled
until 1107.
12
November 1094, Duncan
II, son of Malcolm III Canmore
and his first wife Ingibiorg, was
murdered by his uncle Donald III Ban.
In 1072 Duncan II had been sent as
hostage to the court of William I The Conqueror,
where he remained until his father�s death in 1093. Then, with the help of an
army supplied by William II Rufus, he
defeated Donald III in May 1094.
However Duncan II was loathed in
Scotland for being too pro-Norman/English and so he was assassinated.
13 November 1093, Malcolm III MacDuncan, King of Scotland, and
his eldest son Edward,
were killed at a place now called Malcolm�s Cross. Malcolm had been besieging
Alnwick. His wife Margaret died 4 days later. He was succeeded
by his brother Donald
Bane, who ruled until 1097.
1074, Malcolm III began to fortify the
city of Edinburgh.
1070, Malcolm III made a link with
England by marrying Margaret, sister of Edgar.
25 April 1058, Malcolm III, King of Scotland, was crowned at
Scone Abbey.
17 March 1058, Lulach,
King of Scots, died and was succeeded by Malcolm III, son of Duncan I.
15 August 1057. The
Scottish king Macbeth, who killed King
Duncan 1 in 1040, was
killed in battle by Duncan�s son, Malcolm.
27 July 1054, Earl Siward
of Northumbria defeated Scottish King Macbeth at Dunsinane and installed Malcolm Canmore,
son of the murdered Duncan I as King of southern Scotland.
14 August 1040, Macbeth murdered Duncan I, King of Scotland, and became King himself.
1 November 1034, King Duncan I
of Scotland was crowned.
14 October 1020,
Assassination of Einar II Rangmund, co-Earl of Orkney.
23 April 1014, Accession
of Einar II
Rangmund as co-Earl of Orkney.
1005, King Kenneth II of Scotland died after an
8-year reign. He was succeeded by King Malcolm II, who ruled until 1034.
945, Scotland took the Lake District area from England.
863, Constantine II, son of Kenneth I, became King of Scotland.
843, Kenneth MacAlpine, King of Dalraida, united Scotland to become Kenneth I, King of Scotland.
831, Kenneth MacAlpine, King of
Moray, defeated the Picts.
717, King Nectan of the Picts expelled the Columban
Church from what is now Moray.
685, At the Battle of Dunnichan Moss, north of the River Tay
in Forfar, King Egfrith of Northumbria (successor to Oswy) was killed after had
overrun much of southern Scotland. This secured the independence of Scotland
from Anglo-saxon England.
22 August 565, First recorded sighting of the Loch Ness
Monster, by St Columba.
See also Christianity
for early Church conversion work in Britain
See also Roman Empire